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| Scientific | Lead Number | Lead Position | Lead Characteristics | Lead Characteristics with Glossary | Line result key id | Line result taxon id | result text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dendrolycopodium | Leaves of the main vertical axis spreading (30-90° angle to stem) in the vicinity of the lower lateral branches, prickly to the touch; branchlets round in cross-section, the 6 ranks of leaves (2 lateral ranks, 2 adaxial ranks, and 2 abaxial ranks) equal in length and spreading to ascending | ||||||
Dendrolycopodium | Leaves of the main vertical axis spreading (30-90° angle to stem) in the vicinity of the lower lateral branches, prickly to the touch; branchlets round in cross-section, the 6 ranks of leaves (2 lateral ranks, 2 adaxial ranks, and 2 abaxial ranks) equal in length and spreading to ascending | ||||||
Dendrolycopodium | Leaves of the main vertical axis appressed (15-30° angle to stem) in the vicinity of the lower lateral branches, soft to the touch; branchlets slightly to strongly dorsiventrally flattened in cross-section, the 6 ranks of leaves (4 lateral ranks, 1 adaxial rank, 1 abaxial rank) round or slightly to very unequal, the abaxial leaves more appressed and mostly shorter than (to equal to) the spreading lateral leaves. | Leaves of the main vertical axis appressed (15-30° angle to stem) in the vicinity of the lower lateral branches, soft to the touch; branchlets slightly to strongly dorsiventrally flattened in cross-section, the 6 ranks of leaves (4 lateral ranks, 1 adaxial rank, 1 abaxial rank) round or slightly to very unequal, the abaxial leaves more appressed and mostly shorter than (to equal to) the spreading lateral leaves. | |||||
Dendrolycopodium | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about the same length as the lateral leaves; leaves of all the ranks spreading at a (21°-) ca. 27° (-36°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together 3.5-6 (-7) mm wide | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about the same length as the lateral leaves; leaves of all the ranks spreading at a (21°-) ca. 27° (-36°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together 3.5-6 (-7) mm wide | |||||
Dendrolycopodium | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about the same length as the lateral leaves; leaves of all the ranks spreading at a (21°-) ca. 27° (-36°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together 3.5-6 (-7) mm wide | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about the same length as the lateral leaves; leaves of all the ranks spreading at a (21°-) ca. 27° (-36°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together 3.5-6 (-7) mm wide | |||||
Dendrolycopodium | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about one half to two thirds as long as the lateral leaves; leaves of the abaxial and adaxial ranks generally appressed to the branchlet, the lateral 4 ranks spreading at a (27°-) ca. 40° (-59°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together ca. 6-9 mm wide | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about one half to two thirds as long as the lateral leaves; leaves of the abaxial and adaxial ranks generally appressed to the branchlet, the lateral 4 ranks spreading at a (27°-) ca. 40° (-59°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together ca. 6-9 mm wide | |||||
Dendrolycopodium | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about one half to two thirds as long as the lateral leaves; leaves of the abaxial and adaxial ranks generally appressed to the branchlet, the lateral 4 ranks spreading at a (27°-) ca. 40° (-59°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together ca. 6-9 mm wide | Abaxial leaves of the horizontal branchlets about one half to two thirds as long as the lateral leaves; leaves of the abaxial and adaxial ranks generally appressed to the branchlet, the lateral 4 ranks spreading at a (27°-) ca. 40° (-59°) angle from the branchlet, thus the branchlet and leaves together ca. 6-9 mm wide | |||||
Diphasiastrum | Foliage green or yellow-green, not bluish; sterile branchlets 2-4 mm wide (including the leaves); sterile branchlets either with or without conspicuous annual constrictions; rhizomes 0-1 cm deep (which can be determined by pulling up a single upright shoot – the depth to rhizome is approximately the length of the white portion of the vertical stem); abaxial rank of leaves on horizontal branchlets shorter than the lateral ranks (thus the branchlets flattened in cross-section). | Foliage green or yellow-green, not bluish; sterile branchlets 2-4 mm wide (including the leaves); sterile branchlets either with or without conspicuous annual constrictions; rhizomes 0-1 cm deep (which can be determined by pulling up a single upright shoot – the depth to rhizome is approximately the length of the white portion of the vertical stem); abaxial rank of leaves on horizontal branchlets shorter than the lateral ranks (thus the branchlets flattened in cross-section). | |||||
Diphasiastrum | Foliage blue-green; horizontal branchlets 1-2 mm wide (including the leaves); branchlets with conspicuous annual constrictions; rhizomes (1-) 5-12 cm deep; abaxial rank of leaves on horizontal branchlets as long as the lateral ranks (thus the branchlets more-or-less square in cross-section) | Foliage blue-green; horizontal branchlets 1-2 mm wide (including the leaves); branchlets with conspicuous annual constrictions; rhizomes (1-) 5-12 cm deep; abaxial rank of leaves on horizontal branchlets as long as the lateral ranks (thus the branchlets more-or-less square in cross-section) | |||||
Diphasiastrum | Foliage blue-green; horizontal branchlets 1-2 mm wide (including the leaves); branchlets with conspicuous annual constrictions; rhizomes (1-) 5-12 cm deep; abaxial rank of leaves on horizontal branchlets as long as the lateral ranks (thus the branchlets more-or-less square in cross-section) | Foliage blue-green; horizontal branchlets 1-2 mm wide (including the leaves); branchlets with conspicuous annual constrictions; rhizomes (1-) 5-12 cm deep; abaxial rank of leaves on horizontal branchlets as long as the lateral ranks (thus the branchlets more-or-less square in cross-section) | |||||
Sagittaria | Abaxial wing of fruit scalloped or toothed; [n. AL and nw. GA] | ||||||
Sagittaria | Abaxial wing of fruit entire; [collectively widespread]. | ||||||
Poaceae | Leaves 4-10 mm wide, the base twisted so that the abaxial surface is uppermost; awns 7-15 mm long | ||||||
Dichanthelium | Blades stiff, often longitudinally ribbed, at least the lower villous or strongly pilose on the abaxial surface, and pilose to hirsute on the adaxial surface, at least proximally. | ||||||
Dichanthelium | Sheaths and internodes of vernal culms gray-villous with a dense, tangled, or matted mixture of slender hairs 2-4 mm long, variously ascending, spreading, and retrorse, papillose or non-papillose, often with shorter hairs beneath; leaf blades velvety-pubescent on abaxial surface, the margins ciliate (or appearing ciliate) for half or more their length. | Sheaths and internodes of vernal culms gray-villous with a dense, tangled, or matted mixture of slender hairs 2-4 mm long, variously ascending, spreading, and retrorse, papillose or non-papillose, often with shorter hairs beneath; leaf blades velvety-pubescent on abaxial surface, the margins ciliate (or appearing ciliate) for half or more their length. | |||||
Hamamelis | Inner (upper, abaxial) surface of calyx scarlet; petals red or reddish (often yellow-tipped, or rarely completely yellow), flowering late Dec to Apr; leaves 7-24 cm long, 4-17 cm wide; leaf lateral veins 9, 10, or 11 (5 on one side of the leaf, 4, 5, or 6 on the other); [Gulf Coast of GA to TX, Interior Highlands of MO, AR, and OK]. | Inner (upper, abaxial) surface of calyx scarlet; petals red or reddish (often yellow-tipped, or rarely completely yellow), flowering late Dec to Apr; leaves 7-24 cm long, 4-17 cm wide; leaf lateral veins 9, 10, or 11 (5 on one side of the leaf, 4, 5, or 6 on the other); [Gulf Coast of GA to TX, Interior Highlands of MO, AR, and OK]. | |||||
Hamamelis | Inner (upper, abaxial) surface of calyx yellow; petals 7-20 mm long, yellow, flowering Oct-Jan; leaves 3.7-16.7 cm long, 2.5-13 cm wide; leaf lateral veins 9 or 10 (5 on one side of the leaf, 4-5 on the other); [plants collectively widespread in our area]. | ||||||
Rosa | Stipules 10-16 (-20) mm × 3-4 mm, margins densely glandular-ciliate; leaflet blades 15-30 (-60) mm × 8-22 (-50) mm, abaxial surfaces tomentose; glands of the leaves resin-scented; bracts persistent, tomentose, margins ciliate-glandular; pedicels (11-) 20-35 mm long, densely stipitate-glandular; flowers 3.5-5 cm in diameter; hips dark red, 10-15 mm × 10-12 mm, sepals caducous before hips mature | Stipules 10-16 (-20) mm × 3-4 mm, margins densely glandular-ciliate; leaflet blades 15-30 (-60) mm × 8-22 (-50) mm, abaxial surfaces tomentose; glands of the leaves resin-scented; bracts persistent, tomentose, margins ciliate-glandular; pedicels (11-) 20-35 mm long, densely stipitate-glandular; flowers 3.5-5 cm in diameter; hips dark red, 10-15 mm × 10-12 mm, sepals caducous before hips mature | |||||
Rosa | Stipules 6-10 mm × 2-4 mm, margins mostly stipitate-glandular; leaflet blades 10-22 mm × 8-15 mm, abaxial surfaces glabrous or pubescent; glands of the leaves apple-scented; bracts caducous, glabrous, margins stipitate-glandular; pedicels 6-9 mm long, densely stipitate- or setose-glandular; flowers 2.5-4 cm in diameter; hips red, 10-25 mm × 10-22 mm, sepals subpersistent. | Stipules 6-10 mm × 2-4 mm, margins mostly stipitate-glandular; leaflet blades 10-22 mm × 8-15 mm, abaxial surfaces glabrous or pubescent; glands of the leaves apple-scented; bracts caducous, glabrous, margins stipitate-glandular; pedicels 6-9 mm long, densely stipitate- or setose-glandular; flowers 2.5-4 cm in diameter; hips red, 10-25 mm × 10-22 mm, sepals subpersistent. | |||||
Oxalis | Abaxial leaf surface sparsely but evenly strigose with fine hairs; leaflet margins glabrous to sparsely irregularly ciliate with loose, fine hairs; outer bulb scales 5-8 (-13)-nerved; sepal apices without orange tubercles; aerial propagules sometimes produced at bracteole region of scape | ||||||
Oxalis | Abaxial leaf surface strongly strigose to hirsute-strigose; leaflet margins prominently ciliate with stiff, sharp-pointed hairs; outer bulb scales 3- (-5)-nerved; sepal apices with a pair of elongate orange tubercles; aerial propagules never produced | ||||||
Salix | Leaf blades (4-) 7-10 (-16)× as long as wide; leaf abaxial surface glaucous (S. caroliniana) or not (S. nigra); floral bracts deciduous after flowering; plants trees [section Humboldtianae]. | ||||||
Salix | Abaxial leaf surface silky or pilose; branchlets densely short-silky-tomentose to short-villous; leaf margins usually entire; plants to 17 m tall | Abaxial leaf surface silky or pilose; branchlets densely short-silky-tomentose to short-villous; leaf margins usually entire; plants to 17 m tall | |||||
Salix | Abaxial surface glabrous, glabrescent, densely villous, or long- or short-silky; branchlets tomentose or pubescent to glabrescent; leaf margins usually spinulose-serrulate; plants to 10 m tall | Abaxial surface glabrous, glabrescent, densely villous, or long- or short-silky; branchlets tomentose or pubescent to glabrescent; leaf margins usually spinulose-serrulate; plants to 10 m tall | |||||
Rhexia | Petals lavender-rose, (1-) 1.5-2.7 cm long; mature hypanthium 10-14 mm long, with glandular hairs; marginal nerves of leaf abaxial surface either absent or obscure and discontinuous; anthers 7-10 mm long | Petals lavender-rose, (1-) 1.5-2.7 cm long; mature hypanthium 10-14 mm long, with glandular hairs; marginal nerves of leaf abaxial surface either absent or obscure and discontinuous; anthers 7-10 mm long | |||||
Rhexia | Petals white to pink (-rose-purple), (7-) 0.9-1.4 cm long; mature hypanthium 6-10 mm long, glabrous or sparsely glandular-hairy; marginal nerves of leaf abaxial surface prominent; anthers 5-8 mm long | ||||||
Rutaceae | Hesperidia bluish black when ripe, 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter; stamens 10; petiole not winged; stems armed; abaxial leaf surface with raised lateral veins; petals < 0.5 cm long | ||||||
Rutaceae | Hesperidia green, yellow, or orange when ripe, > 1.5 cm in diameter; stamens 20+; petiole usually winged; stems armed or unarmed; abaxial leaf surface without raised lateral veins; petals > 1 cm long | ||||||
Opuntia | Erect shrubs or small trees; spines chalky-white; cladodes dark, glossy green; tepals yellow with red abaxial midrib; stigmas white to cream; fruit clavate (widest towards the tip), often proliferous; [exotic, known from FL only in our area] | ||||||
Rhododendron | Outer (abaxial) surface of the vegetative bud scales densely pubescent; flowers appearing before or with the leaves (at least some of the leaves still folded or the vegetative bud scales still present) (except R. viscosum). | Outer (abaxial) surface of the vegetative bud scales densely pubescent; flowers appearing before or with the leaves (at least some of the leaves still folded or the vegetative bud scales still present) (except R. viscosum). | |||||
Rhododendron | Outer (abaxial) surface of the vegetative bud scales glabrous or sparsely pubescent; flowers appearing before, with, or after the leaves. | Outer (abaxial) surface of the vegetative bud scales glabrous or sparsely pubescent; flowers appearing before, with, or after the leaves. | |||||
Rubiaceae | Inflorescences thyrsoid; calyx lobes inconspicuous; leaves evergreen; domatia present or absent in secondary abaxial vein axils; [of ne. FL southward]. | Inflorescences thyrsoid; calyx lobes inconspicuous; leaves evergreen; domatia present or absent in secondary abaxial vein axils; [of ne. FL southward]. | |||||
Asclepias | Hood margin irregular but not with a sharp tooth; umbels terminal and extra-axillary; corolla purplish-rose; leaves with 1-2 stipular colleters on each side of petioles, abaxial surfaces sparsely pilosulous; plants 4-10 dm tall | ||||||
Asclepias | Hood margin with a single, ascending, triangular tooth; ; leaves with 1-5 stipular colleters on each side of petioles, abaxial surfaces tomentose to glabrate; corolla rose or greenish-white; plants (5-) 8-20 dm tall | ||||||
Datura | Corolla limbs with 5 acuminate lobes +/- equal to 5 lobules; calyces villous-pubescent (especially along veins); abaxial leaf surface villous-pubescent (especially along veins), trichomes spreading | ||||||
Datura | Corolla limbs with 5 acuminate lobes longer than the 5 lobules; calyces canescent-puberulent (especially along veins); abaxial leaf surface canescent-puberulent (especially along veins), trichomes short-appressed or curved | ||||||
Ligustrum | Leaves mostly (3-) 4-8 (-9) cm long, with the primary lateral leaf veins in 3-5 pairs; leaf apex acute to abruptly acuminate; abaxial midvein covered by epidermis; flowers short-pedicellate on pedicels 0.5-2 mm; corolla tube hardly exserted from calyx, ca. equal lobe length | Leaves mostly (3-) 4-8 (-9) cm long, with the primary lateral leaf veins in 3-5 pairs; leaf apex acute to abruptly acuminate; abaxial midvein covered by epidermis; flowers short-pedicellate on pedicels 0.5-2 mm; corolla tube hardly exserted from calyx, ca. equal lobe length | |||||
Ligustrum | Leaves (4.5-) 6-13 (-15) cm, with the primary lateral veins in (5-) 6-8 pairs; leaf apex usually long-acuminate; abaxial midvein not covered by epidermis; flowers subsessile on pedicels 0-0.5 mm; corolla tube distinctly exserted from calyx, ca. 2× longer than lobes | ||||||
Ligustrum | Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces or sometimes sparsely hairy along the abaxial midvein, primary lateral veins (2-) 3-6 pairs, apices obtuse to acute (in L. vulgare) or obtuse to rounded. | ||||||
Ligustrum | Leaves ovate-elliptic to oblong-ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, or suborbicular, primary lateral veins (3-) 4-5 pairs, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, abaxial midvein usually sparsely hirsutulous to puberulent; inflorescence diffuse and open panicles terminal and on essentially leafless, lateral branches interspersed with leafy ones; branchlets hirtellous to loosely substrigose with straight hairs of uneven length; corolla tube slightly shorter than lobes, often barely exserted from the calyx tube; pedicels glabrous | Leaves ovate-elliptic to oblong-ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, or suborbicular, primary lateral veins (3-) 4-5 pairs, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, abaxial midvein usually sparsely hirsutulous to puberulent; inflorescence diffuse and open panicles terminal and on essentially leafless, lateral branches interspersed with leafy ones; branchlets hirtellous to loosely substrigose with straight hairs of uneven length; corolla tube slightly shorter than lobes, often barely exserted from the calyx tube; pedicels glabrous | |||||
Ligustrum | Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, primary lateral veins 4-6 pairs, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial midvein usually glabrous or with a few scattered hairs; inflorescence mostly a compact, terminal panicle; branchlets evenly and minutely hirtellous to hirsutulous with relatively even-length hairs; corolla tube equal the lobes or slightly shorter, distinctly exserted from the calyx tube; pedicels hirtellous | Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, primary lateral veins 4-6 pairs, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial midvein usually glabrous or with a few scattered hairs; inflorescence mostly a compact, terminal panicle; branchlets evenly and minutely hirtellous to hirsutulous with relatively even-length hairs; corolla tube equal the lobes or slightly shorter, distinctly exserted from the calyx tube; pedicels hirtellous | |||||
Verbascum | Basal and lower stem leaves with blades basally cordate to nearly truncate; leaves sparsely tomentose to glabrate, quickly glabrescent abaxially, sometimes glabrate on both surfaces, thinly tomentose on abaxial leaf surface but not completely obscuring epidermis; all filaments villous with purple to violet hairs | Basal and lower stem leaves with blades basally cordate to nearly truncate; leaves sparsely tomentose to glabrate, quickly glabrescent abaxially, sometimes glabrate on both surfaces, thinly tomentose on abaxial leaf surface but not completely obscuring epidermis; all filaments villous with purple to violet hairs | |||||
Hygrophila | Corolla purplish with white or yellow markings on the lower lip, (10-) 12-17 mm long; bracteoles lance-ovate to narrowly elliptic to linear, 6-15 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent with eglandular hairs (especially along the midvein; calyx 9-14 mm long at anthesis (to 15 mm long in fruit), the lower surface pubescent with eglandular hairs to 0.6 mm long (some at least of the hairs > 0.2 mm long) | Corolla purplish with white or yellow markings on the lower lip, (10-) 12-17 mm long; bracteoles lance-ovate to narrowly elliptic to linear, 6-15 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent with eglandular hairs (especially along the midvein; calyx 9-14 mm long at anthesis (to 15 mm long in fruit), the lower surface pubescent with eglandular hairs to 0.6 mm long (some at least of the hairs > 0.2 mm long) | |||||
Hygrophila | Corolla entirely white, 5.5-9 mm long; bracteoles subulate to lanceolate to linear, 2.2-5.5 (-7) mm long, the abaxial surface glabrous; calyx 5-7 mm long during anthesis (to 9 mm long in fruit), the lower surface glabrous or pubescent with hairs < 0.2 mm long | ||||||
Stachys | Petioles of midstem leaves 10 mm long (or more); calyx lobes deltoid-lanceolate; stem and abaxial leaf surface sparingly to moderately glandular and with frequent soft eglandular hairs; [GA, TN, KY] | Petioles of midstem leaves 10 mm long (or more); calyx lobes deltoid-lanceolate; stem and abaxial leaf surface sparingly to moderately glandular and with frequent soft eglandular hairs; [GA, TN, KY] | |||||
Stachys | Petioles of midstem leaves to 6 mm long; calyx lobes strongly deltoid; stem and abaxial leaf surface abundantly to densely atomiferous glandular and with some stiff eglandular hairs. | Petioles of midstem leaves to 6 mm long; calyx lobes strongly deltoid; stem and abaxial leaf surface abundantly to densely atomiferous glandular and with some stiff eglandular hairs. | |||||
Carduus | Abaxial leaf blade surface with only curling, septate hairs; involucres 14-20 mm tall; disk corollas 13-20 mm long | ||||||
Carduus | Abaxial leaf blade surface with dimorphic hairs (longer, curling septate hairs on the veins and sparse to dense tomentum across the surface); involucres 12-17 mm tall; disk corollas 11-16 mm long | ||||||
Gamochaeta | Leaves concolored or weakly bicolored (abaxial and adaxial faces more or less equally greenish to gray-greenish, indument usually loosely tomentose or arachnose, sometimes subpannose). | ||||||
Helianthus | Trichomes on the leaf abaxial midrib > 1 mm long; lower stem with a few pairs of leaves (< 8 nodes below the capitulescence), these strongly reduced upward; leaf blades (1.3-) 1.7-2.5 (-3)× as long as wide; petiole often > 1/3 as long as the blade, broadly winged toward the blade; plants to 2 m tall; nonflowering stems usually absent; [widespread in our area] | Trichomes on the leaf abaxial midrib > 1 mm long; lower stem with a few pairs of leaves (< 8 nodes below the capitulescence), these strongly reduced upward; leaf blades (1.3-) 1.7-2.5 (-3)× as long as wide; petiole often > 1/3 as long as the blade, broadly winged toward the blade; plants to 2 m tall; nonflowering stems usually absent; [widespread in our area] | |||||
Helianthus | Trichomes on the leaf abaxial midrib < 1 mm long; lower stem leafy, often to above the middle (> 8 nodes below the capitulescence); leaf blades 1-1.7 (-2)× as long as wide; petiole usually < 1/3 as long as the blade, narrowly winged toward the blade; plants to 3 m tall; nonflowering stems usually present; [west of our area] | Trichomes on the leaf abaxial midrib < 1 mm long; lower stem leafy, often to above the middle (> 8 nodes below the capitulescence); leaf blades 1-1.7 (-2)× as long as wide; petiole usually < 1/3 as long as the blade, narrowly winged toward the blade; plants to 3 m tall; nonflowering stems usually present; [west of our area] | |||||
Helianthus | Abaxial surfaces of leaves and ligules lacking subsessile glandular trichomes; leaves usually broadly ovate to orbicular and with a petiole > 1 cm long | ||||||
Helianthus | Abaxial surfaces of leaves and ligules with subsessile glandular trichomes; leaves usually lanceolate to lance-ovate or rhombic-ovate and with a petiole usually < 1 cm long. | ||||||
Helianthus | Heads relatively small, the disc portion of the heads usually < 15 mm across; abaxial leaf surfaces softly pubescent (on living plants, except the leaf margins and midveins which are scabrous); tubers present; [of the NC and SC piedmont] | ||||||
Helianthus | Heads various in size (8-20 mm+); abaxial leaf surfaces various, but not softly pubescent; tubers absent; [collectively widespread]. | ||||||
Ptilimnium | Styles (on the fruit) 0.1-0.2 mm long, erect-ascending to spreading; calyx teeth < 0.2 mm long, deltoid; middle and upper stem leaves with petioles usually papillate on the lower (abaxial) surface. | ||||||
Ptilimnium | Styles (on the fruit) (0.3-) 0.4-2.0 mm long, spreading to strongly recurved; calyx teeth > 0.2 mm long, narrowly triangular; middle and upper stem leaves with petioles not papillate on the lower (abaxial) surface. | ||||||
Plantae | Leaves glabrous, or if hairy, the hairs strictly simple (sometimes also bearing a few conspicuous apical, marginal or abaxial pit domatia in COMBRETACEAE). | ||||||
Plantae | Inflorescences axillary; flowers pink; leaves thin and herbaceous, with prominent secondary veins arching parallel with the margin, also with branching hairs on the abaxial leaf midvein; plants with arching stems, these often tip-rooting; [native plants of wetlands] | Inflorescences axillary; flowers pink; leaves thin and herbaceous, with prominent secondary veins arching parallel with the margin, also with branching hairs on the abaxial leaf midvein; plants with arching stems, these often tip-rooting; [native plants of wetlands] | |||||
Plantae | Leaves equitant (the leaves distichous, in a fan-like array, e.g. Iris, each leaf clasping the next above in a basal fold, this uniting above so that the main leaf blade, above the basal fold, has only the lower [abaxial] leaf surface visible because of fusion of the ‘upper’ surfaces). | ||||||
Plantae | Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so, solitary or a few; petaloid sepals widely spreading, separate, usually with a subapical abaxial appendage; leaves linear to oblanceolate; stamens 5 or 30-50 | ||||||
Plantae | Flowers in terminal cymose panicles; petaloid sepals connate into a narrow tube (reminiscent of the corolla of Ipomoea), lacking subapical abaxial appendages; leaves lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, or broadly ovate; stamens 3 or 5 | ||||||
Amsonia | Leaves ovate lanceolate, 9-11 × 2-4 cm; abaxial leaf surface > 50% obscured by dense pubescence, hoary; trichomes uniform in length and orientation; leaf margin with longer trichomes; corolla tube 6-10 mm long, petal lobes 4.3-7.2 mm long, margins entire; follicles pubescent; [s. MS west to w. LA] | Leaves ovate lanceolate, 9-11 × 2-4 cm; abaxial leaf surface > 50% obscured by dense pubescence, hoary; trichomes uniform in length and orientation; leaf margin with longer trichomes; corolla tube 6-10 mm long, petal lobes 4.3-7.2 mm long, margins entire; follicles pubescent; [s. MS west to w. LA] | |||||
Amsonia | Leaves elliptic ovate, 3-5 × 0.8-1.5 cm; abaxial leaf surface < 50% obscured by dense pubescence, grey-green; trichomes of different lengths, some appressed and curled; leaf margin scabrellous with short hispid trichomes; corolla tube 5.5-8 mm long, petal lobes 4.8-6 mm long, margins undulate; follicles glabrate (glabrous?); [c. GA] | Leaves elliptic ovate, 3-5 × 0.8-1.5 cm; abaxial leaf surface < 50% obscured by dense pubescence, grey-green; trichomes of different lengths, some appressed and curled; leaf margin scabrellous with short hispid trichomes; corolla tube 5.5-8 mm long, petal lobes 4.8-6 mm long, margins undulate; follicles glabrate (glabrous?); [c. GA] | |||||
Carex | Proximal bracts with bases of blades white between veins (most easily seen on abaxial surface) | ||||||
Persicaria | Leaves rhombic, bases cuneate, apices acute, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, purple blotch absent or faint, marginal bristles 0.1-0.3 mm long; inflorescences dense, fascicles congested (interrupted basally); pedicels included; proximal bracteole bristles surpassing the adjacent flowers; tepals dark pink, closed at anthesis; achenes < 2 mm long | Leaves rhombic, bases cuneate, apices acute, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, purple blotch absent or faint, marginal bristles 0.1-0.3 mm long; inflorescences dense, fascicles congested (interrupted basally); pedicels included; proximal bracteole bristles surpassing the adjacent flowers; tepals dark pink, closed at anthesis; achenes < 2 mm long | |||||
Persicaria | Leaves elliptic, bases rounded and abruptly cuneate to the petiole, apices caudate, adaxial and abaxial surfaces strigose, purple lunate blotch conspicuous and present at maturity, marginal bristles 0.5 mm long; inflorescences lax, fascicles remote; pedicels exserted; proximal bracteole bristles scarcely reaching the base of the tepals; tepals pale pink to white, open at anthesis; achenes > 2 mm long | Leaves elliptic, bases rounded and abruptly cuneate to the petiole, apices caudate, adaxial and abaxial surfaces strigose, purple lunate blotch conspicuous and present at maturity, marginal bristles 0.5 mm long; inflorescences lax, fascicles remote; pedicels exserted; proximal bracteole bristles scarcely reaching the base of the tepals; tepals pale pink to white, open at anthesis; achenes > 2 mm long | |||||
Nartheciaceae | Leaves in a basal rosette, spirally arranged and radiating out from the stem base; tepals fused nearly to apex, white to yellow, farinose and glutinous on abaxial surface; septal nectaries present | ||||||
Nartheciaceae | Leaves equitant, unifacial (laterally flattened, iris-like), ascending; tepals distinct (sometimes barely united basally), yellow, glabrous or tomentose on abaxial surface; septal nectaries not present. | ||||||
Froelichia | Leaf blades linear to lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong, abaxial surface of leaves silky; [collectively widespread]. | Leaf blades linear to lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong, abaxial surface of leaves silky; [collectively widespread]. | |||||
Froelichia | Leaf blades orbicular to broadly elliptic, abaxial surface of leaves densely wooly; [s. TX, principally coastal] | ||||||
Swida | Bark of older branches and stems smooth, with scattered protruding lenticels; leaves with tufts of trichomes in axils of secondary veins on the abaxial surface. | Bark of older branches and stems smooth, with scattered protruding lenticels; leaves with tufts of trichomes in axils of secondary veins on the abaxial surface. | |||||
Swida | Bark of older branches and stems splitting longitudinally, appearing braided; leaves without tufts of trichomes in axils of secondary veins on abaxial surface. | Bark of older branches and stems splitting longitudinally, appearing braided; leaves without tufts of trichomes in axils of secondary veins on abaxial surface. | |||||
Swida | Abaxial leaf surface coronulate, trichomes all appressed and rigid, leaf base usually cuneate | ||||||
Swida | Abaxial leaf surface not coronulate, trichomes appressed and rigid, and erect and curling, on the same leaf, leaf base usually rounded or truncate | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia 2.5-5.5 × 2.0-3.6 mm at largest (to 6.1 × 4.4 mm in the Florida endemic C. vexans), prominently bulged by achene only on abaxial face or flat; beak usually 0.7-1.6 (-1.8) mm long. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium body round-elliptic, with adaxial and abaxial surfaces pubescent, papillae concentrated mostly below the beak; [ne. North America and southern Appalachians]. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium body elliptic, with adaxial and abaxial surfaces lacking hairs (some often present on angles of the beak only), papillae prominent; [se. Coastal Plain] | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium with not more than 5 veins extending length of body on abaxial face, veinless or weakly veined on adaxial face | Perigynium with not more than 5 veins extending length of body on abaxial face, veinless or weakly veined on adaxial face | |||||
Combretaceae | Leaves opposite and decussate; flowers in spikes or racemes; leaf domatia (if present) in abaxial leaf vein axils. | ||||||
Combretaceae | Leaves alternate; flowers either in heads (arrayed in axillary or terminal panicles or racemes) or in spikes; leaf domatia (if present) on leaf apex or leaf margins or abaxial leaf veins (Conocarpus). | ||||||
Sideroxylon | Pubescence on young twigs dense, rusty dark red-brown, often persisting well past the first season; abaxial leaf pubescence rusty red-brown, sparse to moderately dense, often giving surface a distinctly reddish hue; staminodes nearly as long as median corolla lobes; ovary densely pubescent; seed variegated; stomatal chamber openings located on raised, donut-shaped platforms | Pubescence on young twigs dense, rusty dark red-brown, often persisting well past the first season; abaxial leaf pubescence rusty red-brown, sparse to moderately dense, often giving surface a distinctly reddish hue; staminodes nearly as long as median corolla lobes; ovary densely pubescent; seed variegated; stomatal chamber openings located on raised, donut-shaped platforms | |||||
Sideroxylon | Pubescence on young twigs moderate to dense, blonde to light brown, rarely persisting past the first season; abaxial leaf pubescence blonde to light brown, sparse; staminodes only to 1/3 to 1/2 the length of the median corolla lobes; ovary glabrous or with a few trichomes medially; seed uniformly brown; stomatal chamber openings atop ellipsoidal domes neatly bordered by one or more concentric cuticular ridges | Pubescence on young twigs moderate to dense, blonde to light brown, rarely persisting past the first season; abaxial leaf pubescence blonde to light brown, sparse; staminodes only to 1/3 to 1/2 the length of the median corolla lobes; ovary glabrous or with a few trichomes medially; seed uniformly brown; stomatal chamber openings atop ellipsoidal domes neatly bordered by one or more concentric cuticular ridges | |||||
Sideroxylon | Young twigs densely pubescent, and abaxial leaf pubescence woolly; [c. FL north and west to OK, TX, and ne. Mexico]. | Young twigs densely pubescent, and abaxial leaf pubescence woolly; [c. FL north and west to OK, TX, and ne. Mexico]. | |||||
Sideroxylon | Young twigs glabrous or nearly so, and abaxial leaf pubescence finely wooly; s. peninsular FL] | ||||||
Cyperus | Spikes mostly at least 2× as long as wide, slightly (or not) narrowed to base, spikelets reflexed to spreading; culms, leaves, and bracts glabrous except for marginal prickles on leaves and bracts; rachilla wing clasping achene for its entire length (concealing it in abaxial view); floral scales golden-brown when mature | Spikes mostly at least 2× as long as wide, slightly (or not) narrowed to base, spikelets reflexed to spreading; culms, leaves, and bracts glabrous except for marginal prickles on leaves and bracts; rachilla wing clasping achene for its entire length (concealing it in abaxial view); floral scales golden-brown when mature | |||||
Cyperus | Rays glabrous or rarely with a few hairs just below the spike; leaves and bracts with hairs confined to abaxial midrib; longest ray shorter than longest bract; culm sharply trigonous; terminal scale involute but not spinose; scales (2-)3-6; spikes often loose, sometimes more elongate | ||||||
Araceae | Primary lateral veins and midrib of abaxial leaf surfaces without wax glands; fruits inconspicuously colored and odorous, with many small mucilaginous seeds | Primary lateral veins and midrib of abaxial leaf surfaces without wax glands; fruits inconspicuously colored and odorous, with many small mucilaginous seeds | |||||
Araceae | Primary lateral veins and midrib of abaxial leaf surfaces with wax glands; mature fruit orange or red and odorless, some containing a few large seeds | ||||||
Silphium | Phyllary abaxial surface scabrous or glabrous; inflorescence open, with peduncles up to 13 cm long; basal leaves sometimes persisting at flowering; [Coastal Plain, SC, GA, FL, AL, and MS] | ||||||
Silphium | Phyllary abaxial surface hispid; inflorescence congested, with peduncles usually less than 4 cm long; basal leaves withered by flowering | ||||||
Plantae | Seeds with fleshy aril or attachment (or if not fleshy, the seeds nutlets with abaxial ridges, as in Bourreria); ovaries 2-4 carpellate; flowers rotate; leaves entire or very remotely serrulate. | ||||||
Senna | Long (abaxial) filaments 13-18.5 mm long; style 5-8 mm long | ||||||
Senna | Long (abaxial) filaments (6.5-) 7-11.5 mm long; style 4.5-6.5 (-7) mm | ||||||
Rhamnus | Leaf blades widest at or past the midpoint; upper leaf surface hirtellous along main veins (rarely glabrous); abaxial surface glabrous or glabrate; pedicels 3-7 mm long | ||||||
Euphorbia | Seeds reddish brown to brown, 1.3-1.4 × 0.8-0.9 mm, with 4-6 shallow pits or irregular oblong grooves on adaxial faces, small-pitted or nearly smooth on abaxial faces. | ||||||
Potamogeton | Leaves 1-3.5 mm wide, often reddish-brown colored, with rounded or slightly apiculate apices; fruits with abaxial or lateral keels; [ne. PA, n. NJ, northward] | ||||||
Arundinaria | Primary branch basal nodes not developing secondary branches; primary branches usually < 35 cm long; foliage blade abaxial surfaces sparsely pilose or glabrous; auricles absent; top knot blades 9-22.5 cm long; [AL north to e. TN and w. NC] | ||||||
Arundinaria | Primary branch basal nodes developing secondary branches; primary branches 12-49 cm long; foliage blade abaxial surfaces long pubescent; auricles present; top knot blades 9-37 cm long; [known from AL] | ||||||
Rumex | Bases of leaf blades abruptly truncate to slightly cordate (occasionally broadly cuneate); abaxial surface of leaf blades and inflorescence branches papillose-pubescent; tubercle of the inner tepals distinctly reticulate-pitted; [natives in a variety of coastal and inland wetland and riparian habitats, collectively widespread] | Bases of leaf blades abruptly truncate to slightly cordate (occasionally broadly cuneate); abaxial surface of leaf blades and inflorescence branches papillose-pubescent; tubercle of the inner tepals distinctly reticulate-pitted; [natives in a variety of coastal and inland wetland and riparian habitats, collectively widespread] | |||||
Rumex | Bases of leaf blades narrowly cuneate (rarely broadly cuneate); abaxial surface of leaf blades and inflorescence branches glabrous or inconspicuously papillose; tubercle of the inner tepals usually smooth; [non-native of disturbed habitats, NJ northward] | ||||||
Salix | Ovaries moderately to very densely short-silky or villous; largest medial blades moderately to very densely appressed hairy; staminate abaxial nectaries absent; floral bracts moderately to very densely hairy; capsules (2.5-) 4-7 mm; [s. TX] | ||||||
Salix | Ovaries glabrous or sparsely long-silky; largest medial blades moderately densely hairy or glabrous; staminate abaxial nectaries present; floral bracts sparsely hairy; capsules (4-) 5-8 (-10) mm; [widespread, including s. TX] | ||||||
Salix | Stipules on early leaves foliaceous; abaxial leaf surface glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely villous to long-silky; leaves (at least juvenile) with a mix of white and ferruginous hairs; leaf apex usually long-acuminate to caudate; branches slightly to highly glossy; pistillate catkins slender to stout, 7-15 mm wide; stigma lobes 0.2-0.4 mm; capsules 5-7 mm long; plants fruiting in late spring or summer [riparian and gravelly floodplain habitats, stream shores, lake margins, occasionally in fens or marly peatlands; VA northward] | Stipules on early leaves foliaceous; abaxial leaf surface glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely villous to long-silky; leaves (at least juvenile) with a mix of white and ferruginous hairs; leaf apex usually long-acuminate to caudate; branches slightly to highly glossy; pistillate catkins slender to stout, 7-15 mm wide; stigma lobes 0.2-0.4 mm; capsules 5-7 mm long; plants fruiting in late spring or summer [riparian and gravelly floodplain habitats, stream shores, lake margins, occasionally in fens or marly peatlands; VA northward] | |||||
Salix | Stipules on early leaves absent or minute; abaxial leaf surface usually ± glabrous, only thinly glaucous, if at all; leaves with white hairs only (when present); leaf apex usually acuminate, sometimes acute (rarely subcaudate); branches dull or slightly glossy; pistillate catkins stout to globose, 11-22 mm wide; stigma lobes 0.4-0.7 mm long; capsules (6-)7-12 mm long; plants fruiting in late summer or in fall; [mostly exclusive to rich fens and other high pH wetlands; PA northward] | Stipules on early leaves absent or minute; abaxial leaf surface usually ± glabrous, only thinly glaucous, if at all; leaves with white hairs only (when present); leaf apex usually acuminate, sometimes acute (rarely subcaudate); branches dull or slightly glossy; pistillate catkins stout to globose, 11-22 mm wide; stigma lobes 0.4-0.7 mm long; capsules (6-)7-12 mm long; plants fruiting in late summer or in fall; [mostly exclusive to rich fens and other high pH wetlands; PA northward] | |||||
Salix | Leaf adaxial surface not veiny-rugose (or only weakly so); leaf abaxial surface whitened, but not wooly; catkins 9-47 mm long; floral bracts 1.2-2 mm long; filaments glabrous or basally pubescent; [forest edges, successional habitats, open sandy or rocky habitats and other similar dry to mesic habitats; associated southward with mafic habitats] | Leaf adaxial surface not veiny-rugose (or only weakly so); leaf abaxial surface whitened, but not wooly; catkins 9-47 mm long; floral bracts 1.2-2 mm long; filaments glabrous or basally pubescent; [forest edges, successional habitats, open sandy or rocky habitats and other similar dry to mesic habitats; associated southward with mafic habitats] | |||||
Salix | Leaf adaxial surface conspicuously veiny-rugose; leaf abaxial surface densely wooly; catkins 17-39 mm long; filaments glabrous; [fens and other alkaline wetlands] | ||||||
Salix | Abaxial leaf surface with a mixture of white or gray hairs, without ferrugineous hairs; branches grayish; plants multi-stemmed shrubs to 3-7 m tall | Abaxial leaf surface with a mixture of white or gray hairs, without ferrugineous hairs; branches grayish; plants multi-stemmed shrubs to 3-7 m tall | |||||
Salix | Abaxial leaf surface with a mixture of white and rusty (ferrugineous) hairs; branches yellowish to reddish; plants with single stems or trunks 3-12 m tall | Abaxial leaf surface with a mixture of white and rusty (ferrugineous) hairs; branches yellowish to reddish; plants with single stems or trunks 3-12 m tall | |||||
Salix | Leaf abaxial surface thickly or conspicuously glaucous, sometimes densely obscured by short-silky hairs; leaf margins usually a mix of crenate, crenulate, or serrulate teeth, the apices acute, acuminate or convex; petioles convex, flat, or shallowly grooved; branches highly brittle; [sandy or cobbly river and lake shores, swamps, ditches, fens, other various habitats] | Leaf abaxial surface thickly or conspicuously glaucous, sometimes densely obscured by short-silky hairs; leaf margins usually a mix of crenate, crenulate, or serrulate teeth, the apices acute, acuminate or convex; petioles convex, flat, or shallowly grooved; branches highly brittle; [sandy or cobbly river and lake shores, swamps, ditches, fens, other various habitats] | |||||
Salix | Leaf abaxial surface thinly glaucous; leaf margins consistently serrate, the apices acuminate, caudate or acute; petioles deeply grooved; branches flexible and sometimes brittle; [plants of rich alkaline wetlands] | ||||||
Salix | Leaves not coriaceous, abaxial surfaces glaucous, sometimes obscured by densely short-silky hairs, the margins serrulate or less often obscurely crenulate (proximal blades sometimes nearly entire); catkins flowering as (coetaneous) or just before leaves emerge; capsules 2.5-4 mm long, pubescent; filaments pubescent | Leaves not coriaceous, abaxial surfaces glaucous, sometimes obscured by densely short-silky hairs, the margins serrulate or less often obscurely crenulate (proximal blades sometimes nearly entire); catkins flowering as (coetaneous) or just before leaves emerge; capsules 2.5-4 mm long, pubescent; filaments pubescent | |||||
Salix | Leaves coriaceous, abaxial surfaces thickly glaucous, the margins mostly obscurely crenate to crenulate, sometimes crenulate-serrulate; staminate catkins emerging before leaves, pistillate as leaves emerge; capsules 5-11 mm long, glabrous; filaments glabrous throughout | ||||||
Salix | Leaves narrowly elliptic, elliptic, narrowly oblong, obovate or oblanceolate; abaxial leaf surfaces thickly glaucous and glabrous to sparsely pubescent (thus glaucous surface usually very conspicuous); leaf blade bases cordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate; stipules foliaceous or rudimentary to absent; capsules glabrous. | Leaves narrowly elliptic, elliptic, narrowly oblong, obovate or oblanceolate; abaxial leaf surfaces thickly glaucous and glabrous to sparsely pubescent (thus glaucous surface usually very conspicuous); leaf blade bases cordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate; stipules foliaceous or rudimentary to absent; capsules glabrous. | |||||
Salix | Leaves lorate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly oblong; abaxial leaf surfaces glaucous and often sparsely to densely silky pubescent; leaf blade bases cuneate; stipules absent to rudimentary (or distally foliaceous on later stipules); capsules silky-pubescent | ||||||
Salix | Leaf blades 2.5-7 cm long, sometimes nearly entire at the base; stipules absent or minute; branches flexible (not breaking cleanly at junction of annual growth); leaf blades (at least expanding leaves) with ferrugineous and white hairs, the abaxial surface sparely to densely pubescent; capsules 5-9 mm long, beaked; [section Geyerianae] | Leaf blades 2.5-7 cm long, sometimes nearly entire at the base; stipules absent or minute; branches flexible (not breaking cleanly at junction of annual growth); leaf blades (at least expanding leaves) with ferrugineous and white hairs, the abaxial surface sparely to densely pubescent; capsules 5-9 mm long, beaked; [section Geyerianae] | |||||
Symphyotrichum | Disc corolla lobes usually bright yellow (fading reddish-brown), lobes ca. 1/2 length of limb; rays mostly 16-26 (also keyed below); plants long-rhizomatous; abaxial leaf faces and midveins usually sparsely to densely strigose or strigillose | Disc corolla lobes usually bright yellow (fading reddish-brown), lobes ca. 1/2 length of limb; rays mostly 16-26 (also keyed below); plants long-rhizomatous; abaxial leaf faces and midveins usually sparsely to densely strigose or strigillose | |||||
Symphyotrichum | Disc corolla lobes cream (fading purplish), lobes to ¾ length of limb; rays mostly 8-15; plants cespitose; abaxial leaf faces glabrous (midveins ±pilose) | ||||||
Vaccinium | Plants 1.0-4.5 (-7.0) m tall; leaf blades coriaceous, the lower surface bluish green and glaucous when fresh, stipitate glands on abaxial leaf surfaces sparse to less often moderately dense, rarely lacking, trichomes 0.32-0.50 (-0.60) mm long; hypanthium usually with glaucescence, rarely without; fruits 8-16 mm in diameter | Plants 1.0-4.5 (-7.0) m tall; leaf blades coriaceous, the lower surface bluish green and glaucous when fresh, stipitate glands on abaxial leaf surfaces sparse to less often moderately dense, rarely lacking, trichomes 0.32-0.50 (-0.60) mm long; hypanthium usually with glaucescence, rarely without; fruits 8-16 mm in diameter | |||||
Symphyotrichum | Stems densely pubescent, usually purplish; abaxial cauline leaf midvein moderately to densely pubescent; capitulescence widely spreading and heads with
lavender to purple ray florets; shoots often found in clumps of 2-6 arising
from a persistent stout caudex | Stems densely pubescent, usually purplish; abaxial cauline leaf midvein moderately to densely pubescent; capitulescence widely spreading and heads with
lavender to purple ray florets; shoots often found in clumps of 2-6 arising
from a persistent stout caudex | |||||
Symphyotrichum | Stems glabrous, occasionally hispidulous in lines; abaxial cauline leaf midvein glabrous; capitulescence dense, leafy; heads with white to pale lavender
ray florets; shoots arising singly from elongate rhizomes | Stems glabrous, occasionally hispidulous in lines; abaxial cauline leaf midvein glabrous; capitulescence dense, leafy; heads with white to pale lavender
ray florets; shoots arising singly from elongate rhizomes | |||||
Asteraceae | Plants with well-developed cauline leaves, the margins entire or sometimes toothed (usually entire in Aphanostephus, occasionally deeply lobed); abaxial surface of the ray lamina sometimes white, but often with a prominent purple or blue midstripe (except Leucanthemum, which merely dries pink) | ||||||
Asteraceae | Leaves primarily basal, the cauline leaves absent or fewer and much reduced in size from basal leaves; abaxial surface of the ray laminae white or sometimes pink-tinged (on live plants) but lacking a prominent colored midstripe. | ||||||
Asteraceae | Plants not aromatic; ray laminae not deflexed; cypsela with 3 ribs and 1-5 abaxial-apical resin sacs | ||||||
Asteraceae | Leaves strigose, the margins crenate-serrate; roots not red-tipped; abaxial surface of ray laminae often pink or purple tinged, flowers closing at night | ||||||
Asteraceae | Leaves glabrous (or faces sparsely hairy), the margins entire or toothed; roots usually red-tipped; rays drying pinkish but abaxial surface not conspicuously pink tinged on live plants | ||||||
Terminalia | Larger leaf blades 8-35 cm long, abaxial domatia absent or present as pits or hair-tufts within primary and secondary vein axils; calyx lobes well developed; fruit 10-70 mm long (fruit not viviparous); [non-natives] | Larger leaf blades 8-35 cm long, abaxial domatia absent or present as pits or hair-tufts within primary and secondary vein axils; calyx lobes well developed; fruit 10-70 mm long (fruit not viviparous); [non-natives] | |||||
Terminalia | Larger leaf blades 1-9 cm long, abaxial domatia absent; calyx lobes scarsely developed (persistent at apex of fruit); fruit 5-10 mm long (sometimes fruit viviparous); [native or uncertain nativity]. | Larger leaf blades 1-9 cm long, abaxial domatia absent; calyx lobes scarsely developed (persistent at apex of fruit); fruit 5-10 mm long (sometimes fruit viviparous); [native or uncertain nativity]. | |||||
Terminalia | Leaf blades 8-18 cm long, with abaxial domatia in tufts of hair, the bases cuneate; drupes 1.2-2 cm long, with 2 poorly-developed ridges | ||||||
Terminalia | Leaf blades 16-35 cm long, with abaxial pit domatia, 9-15 cm wide, the bases often truncate to auriculate; drupes 3.5-7 cm long, with 2 well-developed ridges | ||||||
Euphorbia | Seeds with faint ridges, not interrupting abaxial keel; cyathia glands green, brown, or yellow to pink (lacking a darkened red or purple coloration). | ||||||
Euphorbia | Seeds with 3-4 (-6) prominent transverse ridges that interrupt abaxial keel; cyathia glands red to purple (sometimes yellow on older cyathia); stems prostrate; [s. IN and c. TN westward, primarily w. of MS river] | ||||||
Euphorbia | Staminate flowers 2-5; seeds 0.9-1.0 mm long, minutely beaded with 3-4 transerve ridges that do not interrupt abaxial keel; [coastal LA and TX only] | ||||||
Cicuta | Corky-thickened ribs of the abaxial surface of the mericarps more-or-less equaling the oil ducts in the intervals. | ||||||
Cicuta | Corky-thickened ribs of the abaxial surface of the mericarp much narrower than the oil ducts in the intervals | ||||||
Apocynaceae | Corolla lobes glabrous or if pubescent, not conspicuously so on the upper surfaces (usually confined to abaxial corolla lobe surfaces, if pubescent at all); latex white throughout; [native and non-natives, TX and FL] | Corolla lobes glabrous or if pubescent, not conspicuously so on the upper surfaces (usually confined to abaxial corolla lobe surfaces, if pubescent at all); latex white throughout; [native and non-natives, TX and FL] | |||||
Trichomanes | Involucre narrow, elongate, not flared at apex (or only weakly so), 2.3 × 1.3 mm; sporangial receptacle 3-15 mm long; laminar margins with simple trichomes, though these sporadic; stipe narrowly and often inconspicuously alate, generally only in upper ½; stipe to 10 cm long, blade to 18 cm long; laminar indumentum sparse, more abundant on basal portion of abaxial rachis; hairs long, single-celled atop a distinctly bulbous basal cell, these sometimes dark, hairs occasionally multi-celled, rarely clavate; rachis wings generally equal to or less than the width of rachis | Involucre narrow, elongate, not flared at apex (or only weakly so), 2.3 × 1.3 mm; sporangial receptacle 3-15 mm long; laminar margins with simple trichomes, though these sporadic; stipe narrowly and often inconspicuously alate, generally only in upper ½; stipe to 10 cm long, blade to 18 cm long; laminar indumentum sparse, more abundant on basal portion of abaxial rachis; hairs long, single-celled atop a distinctly bulbous basal cell, these sometimes dark, hairs occasionally multi-celled, rarely clavate; rachis wings generally equal to or less than the width of rachis | |||||
Trichomanes | Involucre narrow, elongate, not flared at apex (or only weakly so), 2.3 × 1.3 mm; sporangial receptacle 3-15 mm long; laminar margins with simple trichomes, though these sporadic; stipe narrowly and often inconspicuously alate, generally only in upper ½; stipe to 10 cm long, blade to 18 cm long; laminar indumentum sparse, more abundant on basal portion of abaxial rachis; hairs long, single-celled atop a distinctly bulbous basal cell, these sometimes dark, hairs occasionally multi-celled, rarely clavate; rachis wings generally equal to or less than the width of rachis | Involucre narrow, elongate, not flared at apex (or only weakly so), 2.3 × 1.3 mm; sporangial receptacle 3-15 mm long; laminar margins with simple trichomes, though these sporadic; stipe narrowly and often inconspicuously alate, generally only in upper ½; stipe to 10 cm long, blade to 18 cm long; laminar indumentum sparse, more abundant on basal portion of abaxial rachis; hairs long, single-celled atop a distinctly bulbous basal cell, these sometimes dark, hairs occasionally multi-celled, rarely clavate; rachis wings generally equal to or less than the width of rachis | |||||
Salvia | Calyx 3.5-4 mm long (mature 5.0-5.5 mm long); corolla white to lavender; leaf blades 1.0-2.5 cm long, ovate, the abaxial surface densely pubescent | ||||||
Salvia | Calyx 4.5-7 mm long (mature 5.5-8.0 mm long); corolla blue to violet; leaf blades 1.5-4.5 cm long, deltoid, the abaxial surface glabrous, pubescent on the veins | ||||||
Plantae | Inflorescence a raceme or panicle consisting of spherical heads, the fruit densely clustered in conelike heads but not cypselae; leaf abaxial surfaces with conspicuous pit domatia at the junction of midvein and secondary veins; plants salt-adapted shrubs of coastal habitats | Inflorescence a raceme or panicle consisting of spherical heads, the fruit densely clustered in conelike heads but not cypselae; leaf abaxial surfaces with conspicuous pit domatia at the junction of midvein and secondary veins; plants salt-adapted shrubs of coastal habitats | |||||
Plantae | Fruit a drupe, the drupe bearing 4 bony nutlets with abaxial ridges; flowers rotate and salverform (the corolla tube evident), arranged in terminal cymes, the corolla lobes usually orbicular; leaves scabrous or hispid (except B. succulenta) | Fruit a drupe, the drupe bearing 4 bony nutlets with abaxial ridges; flowers rotate and salverform (the corolla tube evident), arranged in terminal cymes, the corolla lobes usually orbicular; leaves scabrous or hispid (except B. succulenta) | |||||
Plantae | Fruit a drupe, the drupe bearing 4 bony nutlets with abaxial ridges; flowers white, rotate and salverform (the corolla tube evident), arranged in terminal cymes, the corolla lobes usually orbicular | Fruit a drupe, the drupe bearing 4 bony nutlets with abaxial ridges; flowers white, rotate and salverform (the corolla tube evident), arranged in terminal cymes, the corolla lobes usually orbicular | |||||
Apocynaceae | Flowers cream-colored, long salverform (the floral tube 40-100 mm long and conspicuously pubescent); follicles long-fusiform and pubescent; leaf abaxial surfaces densely gray-white pubescent; plants short shrubs (2-5+ dm tall); [s. TX only in our area] | Flowers cream-colored, long salverform (the floral tube 40-100 mm long and conspicuously pubescent); follicles long-fusiform and pubescent; leaf abaxial surfaces densely gray-white pubescent; plants short shrubs (2-5+ dm tall); [s. TX only in our area] | |||||
Apocynaceae | Flowers cream-colored, long salverform (the floral tube 40-100 mm long and conspicuously pubescent); follicles long-fusiform and pubescent; leaf abaxial surfaces densely gray-white pubescent; plants short shrubs (2-5+ dm tall); [s. TX only in our area] | Flowers cream-colored, long salverform (the floral tube 40-100 mm long and conspicuously pubescent); follicles long-fusiform and pubescent; leaf abaxial surfaces densely gray-white pubescent; plants short shrubs (2-5+ dm tall); [s. TX only in our area] |
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