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| Scientific | Lead Number | Lead Position | Lead Characteristics | Lead Characteristics with Glossary | Line result key id | Line result taxon id | result text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lycopodiaceae | Strobili sessile, borne directly above densely leafy portions of upright branches; leaves acuminate to acute. | ||||||
Lycopodiaceae | Strobili sessile, borne directly above densely leafy portions of upright branches; leaves acuminate to acute. | ||||||
Selaginellaceae | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | |||||
Selaginellaceae | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | |||||
Selaginellaceae | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | |||||
Botrychium | Sterile leaf blade (trophophore) leaflets linear to narrow-ovate, the apex obtuse to acuminate, the margins shallowly to deeply lobed; at least the tip of the sterile leaf blade (trophophore) reflexed in bud. | Sterile leaf blade (trophophore) leaflets linear to narrow-ovate, the apex obtuse to acuminate, the margins shallowly to deeply lobed; at least the tip of the sterile leaf blade (trophophore) reflexed in bud. | |||||
Pellaea | Ultimate leaf segments thin in texture, overall flattish (though the margins revolute), acute to acuminate at the apex, but lacking a mucro or cusp. | ||||||
Asplenium | Leaf apex acuminate to obtuse, not producing plantlets at the tip; veins free. | ||||||
Asplenium | Leaves pinnatifid (at least in the lower half of the leaf), pinnate, pinnate-pinnatifid, bipinnate, or tripinnate, the apex obtuse, acute, acuminate, or attenuate; veins free. | Leaves pinnatifid (at least in the lower half of the leaf), pinnate, pinnate-pinnatifid, bipinnate, or tripinnate, the apex obtuse, acute, acuminate, or attenuate; veins free. | |||||
Nephrolepis | Scales on the upper surface of the rachis concolored (pale to reddish brown throughout); pinnae attachments spaced 7-21 mm apart; leaf blade with an acute to acuminate apex; underside of rachis not or only slightly obscured by the pinna blades; rhizomes not bearing tubers | ||||||
Cupressaceae | Leaves evergreen, rigid, > 2 cm long, tapering from near the base to a long-acuminate apex; [subfamily Cunninghamioideae] | ||||||
Cupressaceae | Leaves evergreen, rigid, > 2 cm long, tapering from near the base to a long-acuminate apex; [subfamily Cunninghamioideae] | ||||||
Taxaceae | Leaf apex acuminate, extended into a stiff, pungent spine; midvein not obviously raised on the upper leaf surface, that surface convex-curved; stomatal bands on the leaf undersurface narrow, greenish gray, together making up about 1/4 of the width of the leaf; drupe-like 'fruit' 25-35 mm long, dark-green and also longitudinally striped with paler green, tan, or purple, the leathery exterior fully enclosing the seed | Leaf apex acuminate, extended into a stiff, pungent spine; midvein not obviously raised on the upper leaf surface, that surface convex-curved; stomatal bands on the leaf undersurface narrow, greenish gray, together making up about 1/4 of the width of the leaf; drupe-like 'fruit' 25-35 mm long, dark-green and also longitudinally striped with paler green, tan, or purple, the leathery exterior fully enclosing the seed | |||||
Taxaceae | Leaf apex acuminate, extended into a stiff, pungent spine; midvein not obviously raised on the upper leaf surface, that surface convex-curved; stomatal bands on the leaf undersurface narrow, greenish gray, together making up about 1/4 of the width of the leaf; drupe-like 'fruit' 25-35 mm long, dark-green and also longitudinally striped with paler green, tan, or purple, the leathery exterior fully enclosing the seed | Leaf apex acuminate, extended into a stiff, pungent spine; midvein not obviously raised on the upper leaf surface, that surface convex-curved; stomatal bands on the leaf undersurface narrow, greenish gray, together making up about 1/4 of the width of the leaf; drupe-like 'fruit' 25-35 mm long, dark-green and also longitudinally striped with paler green, tan, or purple, the leathery exterior fully enclosing the seed | |||||
Taxaceae | Leaf apex acuminate, extended into a stiff, pungent spine; midvein not obviously raised on the upper leaf surface, that surface convex-curved; stomatal bands on the leaf undersurface narrow, greenish gray, together making up about 1/4 of the width of the leaf; drupe-like 'fruit' 25-35 mm long, dark-green and also longitudinally striped with paler green, tan, or purple, the leathery exterior fully enclosing the seed | Leaf apex acuminate, extended into a stiff, pungent spine; midvein not obviously raised on the upper leaf surface, that surface convex-curved; stomatal bands on the leaf undersurface narrow, greenish gray, together making up about 1/4 of the width of the leaf; drupe-like 'fruit' 25-35 mm long, dark-green and also longitudinally striped with paler green, tan, or purple, the leathery exterior fully enclosing the seed | |||||
Illicium | Flowers 2-5-5 cm across; tepals 21-33, red-maroon (rarely white or pinkish); leaf tips acute to acuminate | ||||||
Illicium | Flowers 2-5-5 cm across; tepals 21-33, red-maroon (rarely white or pinkish); leaf tips acute to acuminate | ||||||
Illicium | Flowers 2-5-5 cm across; tepals 21-33, red-maroon (rarely white or pinkish); leaf tips acute to acuminate | ||||||
Peperomia | Leaves 2-4× as long as wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; plant either with conspicuous black punctate glands on stems and leaves, or black punctate glands absent or minute and inconspicuous. | ||||||
Peperomia | Leaves 2-4× as long as wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; plant either with conspicuous black punctate glands on stems and leaves, or black punctate glands absent or minute and inconspicuous. | ||||||
Asarum | Calyx lobes 5-10 (-12) mm long, strongly reflexed, often more-or-less appressed back against the calyx tube (but spreading or ascending as the fruit starts to develop), acute or acuminate, the tubular tips 0-4 mm long | Calyx lobes 5-10 (-12) mm long, strongly reflexed, often more-or-less appressed back against the calyx tube (but spreading or ascending as the fruit starts to develop), acute or acuminate, the tubular tips 0-4 mm long | |||||
Asarum | Calyx lobes 5-10 (-12) mm long, strongly reflexed, often more-or-less appressed back against the calyx tube (but spreading or ascending as the fruit starts to develop), acute or acuminate, the tubular tips 0-4 mm long | Calyx lobes 5-10 (-12) mm long, strongly reflexed, often more-or-less appressed back against the calyx tube (but spreading or ascending as the fruit starts to develop), acute or acuminate, the tubular tips 0-4 mm long | |||||
Asarum | Calyx lobes 10-35 mm long, spreading to ascending from the base, acuminate to caudate, the tubular tips 4-20 mm long. | ||||||
Asarum | Calyx lobes 10-35 mm long, spreading to ascending from the base, acuminate to caudate, the tubular tips 4-20 mm long. | ||||||
Asarum | Calyx tube 4-10 mm long; calyx lobes acuminate to short-caudate, 10-25 mm long, spreading | ||||||
Asarum | Calyx tube 4-10 mm long; calyx lobes acuminate to short-caudate, 10-25 mm long, spreading | ||||||
Isotrema | Plant nearly glabrous; leaves abruptly pointed (short acuminate); calyx purple or brown; [of the Mountains] | ||||||
Isotrema | Plant nearly glabrous; leaves abruptly pointed (short acuminate); calyx purple or brown; [of the Mountains] | ||||||
Asimina | Leaves herbaceous in texture, obovate, > 6 cm wide, acute-acuminate at the apex; flowers (inner petals and outer petals) reddish-maroon; shrubs and trees, 1-15 m tall; [collectively widespread in our area]; [Asimina s.s.]. | ||||||
Asimina | Leaves coriaceous in texture, linear to oval, blunt at the tip (or acute-acuminate); peduncles lacking bracts; flowers reddish-maroon, pale pink, yellow, cream, or white; shrubs to 4.5 m tall; [mainly FL peninsula, north to e. GA, very rarely e. SC, s. AL, and FL Panhandle]; [“Pityothamnus”]. | ||||||
Lindera | Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long | ||||||
Lindera | Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long | ||||||
Lindera | Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long | ||||||
Tofieldiaceae | Bracts of the inflorescence large, spathe-like, acuminate-aristate at the tip; tepals 9-17 mm long; stamens (6-) 9 (-12) | ||||||
Tofieldiaceae | Bracts of the inflorescence large, spathe-like, acuminate-aristate at the tip; tepals 9-17 mm long; stamens (6-) 9 (-12) | ||||||
Sagittaria | Beak of the achene terminal (extending along the long axis of the achene); bracts of the inflorescence 5-40 mm long, either blunt or acuminate, not boat-shaped. | ||||||
Sagittaria | Bracts of the inflorescence papery and tan, 7-40 mm long, acuminate at the tip; flowers in 5-12 whorls; achenes without resin-ducts; [primarily other habitats, collectively widespread]. | ||||||
Hydrocharitaceae | Leaves lacking lacunae on each side of the midvein; leaves acuminate; seeds echinate; flowers bisexual; [subfamily Anacharoideae] | ||||||
Trillium | Ovary ovoid; leaves acute to acuminate, the margins of the outer 1/3 convex; leaf blade mottled with 2-3 shades of green, paler shades sometimes prominent along the midvein, but not as above; [collectively widespread in our area]; [T. maculatum group]. | ||||||
Trillium | Petals white with triangular red blaze (rarely entirely white or pinkish); anther sacs lavender to white, dehiscence extrorse; fruit a red berry; leaves long-acuminate; [of acidic sites in the Mountains, generally strongly associated with either Pinus, Tsuga, Picea, Rhododendron, or other heaths]; [genus Trillidium] | Petals white with triangular red blaze (rarely entirely white or pinkish); anther sacs lavender to white, dehiscence extrorse; fruit a red berry; leaves long-acuminate; [of acidic sites in the Mountains, generally strongly associated with either Pinus, Tsuga, Picea, Rhododendron, or other heaths]; [genus Trillidium] | |||||
Trillium | Petals white to deep pink, lacking a red blaze; anther sacs yellow, dehiscence introrse; fruit a white to greenish-white, fleshy, irregularly dehiscent capsule; leaves obtuse to acute (or somewhat acuminate in T. grandiflorum); [of less distinctly acidic sites, collectively widespread in our area]. | Petals white to deep pink, lacking a red blaze; anther sacs yellow, dehiscence introrse; fruit a white to greenish-white, fleshy, irregularly dehiscent capsule; leaves obtuse to acute (or somewhat acuminate in T. grandiflorum); [of less distinctly acidic sites, collectively widespread in our area]. | |||||
Trillium | Sepals narrower than the petals, acute; anthers white to greenish-white between the anther sacs; leaves obtuse, acute, or acuminate; pedicel somewhat angled from the vertical. | ||||||
Trillium | Ovary sharply 6-angled (-winged); leaves > 5 cm long, green, acute to acuminate. | ||||||
Trillium | Petals obovate, tightly rolled at base, abruptly flared near the apex; leaves broadly elliptic, acuminate; style minute, < 1.0 mm long; [subgenus Callipetalon] | ||||||
Melanthiaceae | Leaves strongly keeled, (5-) 10-20 mm wide; plant colonial, from thick, hard, horizontal, short-creeping rhizomes covered with fibrous old leaf bases; inner tepals (petals) 7-17 mm long, distinctly clawed, acute-acuminate at the tip, bearing 2 glands well above the base | ||||||
Stenanthium | Tepals lanceolate, the tip acute-acuminate. | ||||||
Smilax | Leaves glabrous and glaucous beneath, thick in texture, base cordate, tip acute or acuminate; lowest inflorescence from a leaf axil (very rarely from bract axils), upper inflorescences from leaf axils; leaves 4-7, clustered together near the summit of the stem | ||||||
Smilax | Leaves pubescent and green (or glaucous) beneath, usually thin in texture, base cordate, truncate, or rounded, tip acuminate, acute, or obtuse; lowest inflorescence(s) from axils of bracts below the lowest leaves, upper inflorescences also often from bracts (the uppermost often from leaf axils); leaves 4-25, either clustered together near the summit of the stem or well distributed. | Leaves pubescent and green (or glaucous) beneath, usually thin in texture, base cordate, truncate, or rounded, tip acuminate, acute, or obtuse; lowest inflorescence(s) from axils of bracts below the lowest leaves, upper inflorescences also often from bracts (the uppermost often from leaf axils); leaves 4-25, either clustered together near the summit of the stem or well distributed. | |||||
Smilax | Leaves relatively many, (4-) 6-13 (-20), often well distributed in the upper half of the stem, notably reduced in size from lower to upper, mostly with the base cordate and the tip acuminate; berry 3-5 seeded. | ||||||
Lilium | Flowers 4.5-9 cm in diameter; pistil 4-6 cm long; tepals 6-8 cm long, yellow, orange to brick-red, acuminate, reflexed 60-120 degrees from the flower axis; anthers 5-10 mm long, exserted to fully included within the perianth when viewed from the side; [low to moderate elevations, more widespread] | ||||||
Cypripedium | Pouch-like lip of flower yellow or white; lateral petals and dorsal sepal brown, purplish brown, or yellow, slightly to strongly twisted, acuminate-attenuate; [section Cypripedium]. | ||||||
Allium | Ovary or capsule crested with projections about 1 mm long; tepals acuminate. | ||||||
Hymenocallis | Leaves not coriaceous, distinctly glaucous; scape bracts 4-7 cm long, the tip long-acuminate; bulbs non-rhizomatous; [of moist but not mucky habitats] | Leaves not coriaceous, distinctly glaucous; scape bracts 4-7 cm long, the tip long-acuminate; bulbs non-rhizomatous; [of moist but not mucky habitats] | |||||
Hymenocallis | Scape bracts 4-5 cm long, the tip acuminate; leaves slightly wider toward the tip; bulb 4.5-7.5 cm long, 2.5-5.5 cm wide | ||||||
Hymenocallis | Scape bracts 4-5 cm long, the tip acuminate; leaves slightly wider toward the tip; bulb 4.5-7.5 cm long, 2.5-5.5 cm wide | ||||||
Ruscaceae | Inflorescence terminal, a raceme or panicle; tepals separate leaves with 3 main parallel veins, acute to acuminate at the apex; leaves acute to acuminate at the apex; foliage green, not glaucous | ||||||
Sabal | Tree, with erect trunk (though young plants appear as trunkless shrubs, similar in habit to S. minor); leaves 15-30 per plant; hastula 5.3-18 cm long, acute to acuminate; margins of leaf segments with filamentose fibrils; leaf segment apices 2-cleft. | ||||||
Sabal | Tree, with erect trunk (though young plants appear as trunkless shrubs, similar in habit to S. minor); leaves 15-30 per plant; hastula 5.3-18 cm long, acute to acuminate; margins of leaf segments with filamentose fibrils; leaf segment apices 2-cleft. | ||||||
Sabal | Tree, with erect trunk (though young plants appear as trunkless shrubs, similar in habit to S. minor); leaves 15-30 per plant; hastula 5.3-18 cm long, acute to acuminate; margins of leaf segments with filamentose fibrils; leaf segment apices 2-cleft. | ||||||
Commelina | Perennial from horizontal rhizomes, often forming clonal patches of erect stems; leaf blades lance-oblong, 6-20 cm long, the apex acuminate; leaf margin and upper surface scabrous; plants lacking subterranean, cleistogamous flowers; [native, mostly of moist floodplain forests] | Perennial from horizontal rhizomes, often forming clonal patches of erect stems; leaf blades lance-oblong, 6-20 cm long, the apex acuminate; leaf margin and upper surface scabrous; plants lacking subterranean, cleistogamous flowers; [native, mostly of moist floodplain forests] | |||||
Commelina | Perennial from horizontal rhizomes, often forming clonal patches of erect stems; leaf blades lance-oblong, 6-20 cm long, the apex acuminate; leaf margin and upper surface scabrous; plants lacking subterranean, cleistogamous flowers; [native, mostly of moist floodplain forests] | Perennial from horizontal rhizomes, often forming clonal patches of erect stems; leaf blades lance-oblong, 6-20 cm long, the apex acuminate; leaf margin and upper surface scabrous; plants lacking subterranean, cleistogamous flowers; [native, mostly of moist floodplain forests] | |||||
Commelina | Perennial from horizontal rhizomes, often forming clonal patches of erect stems; leaf blades lance-oblong, 6-20 cm long, the apex acuminate; leaf margin and upper surface scabrous; plants lacking subterranean, cleistogamous flowers; [native, mostly of moist floodplain forests] | Perennial from horizontal rhizomes, often forming clonal patches of erect stems; leaf blades lance-oblong, 6-20 cm long, the apex acuminate; leaf margin and upper surface scabrous; plants lacking subterranean, cleistogamous flowers; [native, mostly of moist floodplain forests] | |||||
Sparganium | Stigmas 1-branched; fruits rounded or acuminate to a beak at the apex, elliptic, fusiform, or obovate, 1-4 mm broad; [subgenus Xanthosparganium]. | ||||||
Typha | Mucilage glands present on adaxial surface of all of sheath and usually about 1-10 cm of adjacent blade; pistillate bracteole tips much paler than to about same color as stigmas, straw-colored to light brown, mostly acute to acuminate, in mature spikes exceeding pistil hairs; pistil-hair tips colorless to usually orangish (or slightly brownish in hybrids), not evidently enlarged, or often with 1 subapical, orange, swollen cell evident at 20-30×; pistillate spikes bright cinnamon- to orange- or medium brown; leaf sheath summits tapered to blade or sometimes with membranous auricles. | Mucilage glands present on adaxial surface of all of sheath and usually about 1-10 cm of adjacent blade; pistillate bracteole tips much paler than to about same color as stigmas, straw-colored to light brown, mostly acute to acuminate, in mature spikes exceeding pistil hairs; pistil-hair tips colorless to usually orangish (or slightly brownish in hybrids), not evidently enlarged, or often with 1 subapical, orange, swollen cell evident at 20-30×; pistillate spikes bright cinnamon- to orange- or medium brown; leaf sheath summits tapered to blade or sometimes with membranous auricles. | |||||
Typha | Pistillate bracteole blades much paler than to nearly same color as stigmas, straw-colored to mostly bright orange-brown, usually many acuminate; pistillate spikes usually bright cinnamon- to orange-brown; mucilage glands numerous on proximal 1-10 cm of leaf blade | ||||||
Eriocaulon | Heads hard (little compressed by a plant press and feeling hard and knotty when squeezed between finger and thumb); leaves dark green, the tip acute to obtuse; scape sheaths shorter than most leaves; involucral bracts straw-colored, the apex acute; receptacular bracteoles pale, the apex narrowly acuminate; pistillate flower petals adaxially glabrescent; terminal cells of club-shaped hairs of the perianth whitened, the basal cells often uncongested and transparent. | Heads hard (little compressed by a plant press and feeling hard and knotty when squeezed between finger and thumb); leaves dark green, the tip acute to obtuse; scape sheaths shorter than most leaves; involucral bracts straw-colored, the apex acute; receptacular bracteoles pale, the apex narrowly acuminate; pistillate flower petals adaxially glabrescent; terminal cells of club-shaped hairs of the perianth whitened, the basal cells often uncongested and transparent. | |||||
Juncus | Perianth acute to acuminate; capsule light brown or tan; [native]. | ||||||
Juncus | Perianth acuminate, with narrow scarious margins. | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate or cuspidate. | ||||||
Carex | Plants densely cespitose, with short rhizomes; pistillate scales acute to acuminate | ||||||
Carex | Lowermost pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate; leaves not septate-nodulose; plants cespitose, short-rhizomatous | Lowermost pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate; leaves not septate-nodulose; plants cespitose, short-rhizomatous | |||||
Carex | Pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate, awnless or at most with a rough apiculus. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia (4-) avg. 4.7 (-5) mm long, the beak < 2.5 mm long; larger leaves mostly 4-10 mm wide; perigynium scales acuminate to cuspidate; [widespread in our area] | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia (4-) avg. 4.7 (-5) mm long, the beak < 2.5 mm long; larger leaves mostly 4-10 mm wide; perigynium scales acuminate to cuspidate; [widespread in our area] | ||||||
Carex | Bodies of pistillate scales 1.5-2.5 mm long, 1.1-1.8 mm wide, mostly < ½ as long as the perigynia, apex obtuse to acuminate to shortly awned. | ||||||
Carex | Bodies of pistillate scales 2.2-4.4 mm long, 1.2-2.4 mm wide, mostly > ½ as long as the perigynia, apex acuminate to awned. | Bodies of pistillate scales 2.2-4.4 mm long, 1.2-2.4 mm wide, mostly > ½ as long as the perigynia, apex acuminate to awned. | |||||
Carex | Beak of perigynium smooth; pistillate scales acuminate, early deciduous. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia spreading, either nerved or nerveless on the upper (ventral) surface; scales acuminate or with an awn to 1.5 (-2.0) mm long; lowest inflorescence bract short, delicate, the free portion 0.5-2 cm long. | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales uniformly as long as or longer than the mature perigynia, usually concealing the beaks (though not necessarily the bodies), apex obtuse to acuminate, not awned. | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales in middle or lower portions of spikes with apex acuminate with subulate or awned tip. | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales with apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate (but not subulate or awned). | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia smooth, the body broadly ovate, elliptic, orbicular, or slightly obovate, (0.7-) 0.9-1.7 × as long as wide, 1.5-6.1 mm wide; lowermost pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate-awned. | ||||||
Carex | Longest bracts shorter than the spikes; perigynia inflated, obovate; pistillate scales acuminate, longer than the perigynia | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | |||||
Carex | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | |||||
Carex | Pistillate and staminate scale bodies clear, tan, or light golden-brown; apex of pistillate scale bodies acuminate to rounded (or rarely obliquely truncate) into the awn base; sheath faces with colorless prickles; widest leaves per plant (5-) 6.5-10.5 (-14) mm wide; longest proximal spikes (35-) 51-93 (-125) mm long; longest distal spikes (20-) 33-58 (-82) mm long | Pistillate and staminate scale bodies clear, tan, or light golden-brown; apex of pistillate scale bodies acuminate to rounded (or rarely obliquely truncate) into the awn base; sheath faces with colorless prickles; widest leaves per plant (5-) 6.5-10.5 (-14) mm wide; longest proximal spikes (35-) 51-93 (-125) mm long; longest distal spikes (20-) 33-58 (-82) mm long | |||||
Carex | Upper pistillate scales acuminate; perigynia 3.5-4.6 mm long; leaves 3-5 mm wide. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia (4.5-) avg. 5.6 (-7) mm long, broadest near the middle, tapering with concave sides to a short beak lacking a hyaline tip; pistillate scales acute to acuminate (the lowest sometimes aristate); [of dry to moist upland forests and openings in the Mountains] | ||||||
Carex | Plants extensively colonial from elongate, creeping rhizomes; staminate scales acute to acuminate, essentially smooth-margined except at the very tip; perigynia 7-11-nerved | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales smooth-margined, obtuse to acuminate, awnless (rarely the lowermost scales awned in C. utriculata). | Pistillate scales smooth-margined, obtuse to acuminate, awnless (rarely the lowermost scales awned in C. utriculata). | |||||
Carex | Pistillate scales acute or long-acuminate (rarely short-awned); pistillate scales (including the awn, if present) 0.3-0.6× as long as the perigynia; larger achenes 2.3-3.4 (-3.8) mm long (ca. 1.3-1.8x as long as wide); larger leaves mostly 4-12 mm wide; pistillate spikes normally staminate at apex; [primarily of the Coastal Plain] | Pistillate scales acute or long-acuminate (rarely short-awned); pistillate scales (including the awn, if present) 0.3-0.6× as long as the perigynia; larger achenes 2.3-3.4 (-3.8) mm long (ca. 1.3-1.8x as long as wide); larger leaves mostly 4-12 mm wide; pistillate spikes normally staminate at apex; [primarily of the Coastal Plain] | |||||
Carex | Scales of the median portion of the staminate spike with acute-acuminate to aristate apices and with minute teeth usually present on the midrib; staminate spike (1.6-) 3.6-8.5 (-9.1) mm long with peduncles mostly 0.3-1.9 mm, exceeding uppermost pistillate spikes by 1.1-5.9 mm; culms lax to erect, often shorter than and curving under the leaves; [mostly of acid, sandy soils of the Coastal Plain] | Scales of the median portion of the staminate spike with acute-acuminate to aristate apices and with minute teeth usually present on the midrib; staminate spike (1.6-) 3.6-8.5 (-9.1) mm long with peduncles mostly 0.3-1.9 mm, exceeding uppermost pistillate spikes by 1.1-5.9 mm; culms lax to erect, often shorter than and curving under the leaves; [mostly of acid, sandy soils of the Coastal Plain] | |||||
Fuirena | Perianth bristles longer than the achene stipe, reaching the middle of or exceeding the achene body, strongly and retrorsely barbed (if smooth as in F. bushii, then scales of the spikelets also with strongly retrorse apical cusps); blades of the perianth scales with an acuminate to awned apex. | ||||||
Fuirena | Blades of the perianth scales acuminate, narrowed into an awn (the awn without barbs) | ||||||
Rhynchospora | Leaves with a short taper at the tip, blunt to acute, but not long-acuminate; achene surface minutely pitted near the margin; [section Chapmaniae]. | ||||||
Rhynchospora | Basal leaves 4-6 mm wide, ciliate, rosulate; scales acuminate, the midrib ciliate; bristles 6, < ½ the length of the achene; achenes 1.6-2 mm long; [widespread in mesic to wet pinelands from VA s. to FL, w. to e. LA] | ||||||
Rhynchospora | Leaves long-acuminate at the tip; achene surface smooth or finely striate. | ||||||
Rhynchospora | Achene including tubercle 1.5-2.9 mm long; tubercle triangular to triangular-acuminate; [section Rariflorae]. | Achene including tubercle 1.5-2.9 mm long; tubercle triangular to triangular-acuminate; [section Rariflorae]. | |||||
Scleria | Plants usually cespitose; inflorescence terminal and lateral (a few culms in a clump can be terminal only); hypogynium surface with laterally flattened and apically triangular-acute to acuminate papillae, often resembling shards of glass or porcelain; [of coastal hammocks, oak woods near saltwater, and blackwater swamps] | Plants usually cespitose; inflorescence terminal and lateral (a few culms in a clump can be terminal only); hypogynium surface with laterally flattened and apically triangular-acute to acuminate papillae, often resembling shards of glass or porcelain; [of coastal hammocks, oak woods near saltwater, and blackwater swamps] | |||||
Poaceae | Lower primary panicle branches in whorls of 4-7 at the nodes, stiffly spreading, naked on the proximal ½, the axils strongly pilose; lower culm internodes appressed papillose-pubescent; first glume acuminate, ½ as long as spikelet; fertile lemma chestnut brown at maturity | ||||||
Poaceae | Glumes acute to acuminate (and often awned); [common natives and exotics] | ||||||
Poaceae | Lowest lemmas awned (rarely unawned); upper glumes acute to acuminate, mucronate or short-awned | ||||||
Poaceae | Spikes to 7 cm long, terminating in a point (the spikes acuminate); [tribe Cynodonteae; subtribe “incertae sedis”] | Spikes to 7 cm long, terminating in a point (the spikes acuminate); [tribe Cynodonteae; subtribe “incertae sedis”] | |||||
Poaceae | Leaf tips acuminate, planar or keeled (but not as above). | ||||||
Alopecurus | Glumes 4-6 mm long, acute or acuminate. | ||||||
Calamagrostis | Spikelets 2.5-4 mm long; lemmas usually shorter than the glumes; glumes rounded to broadly keeled, with raised midveins; glume apices usually acute, rarely acuminate | ||||||
Coleataenia | Rhizomes short and stout, usually < 4 cm long, > 4 mm wide and ascending; spikelets (2.5-) 2.7-3.9 mm long, acuminate, often falcate distally; first glume with 3-5 prominent nerves; leaves to 50 cm long and 18 mm wide | ||||||
Coleataenia | Rhizomes long and slender, usually > 3 cm long, < 5 mm wide and spreading; spikelets 2.2-2.8 mm long, acute to short-acuminate, not noticeably falcate distally; first glume with 1-3 prominent nerves; leaves to 30 (-40) cm long and 10 mm wide | ||||||
Coleataenia | Spikelets 2.4-2.8 mm long, long-acuminate, usually < 0.7 mm wide; fertile lemma often conspicuously stipitate | ||||||
Coleataenia | Spikelets 1.6-2.5 mm long, short-acuminate, usually > 0.7 mm wide; fertile lemma estipitate to short stipitate. | ||||||
Danthonia | Lemma teeth (flanking the awn) 0.8-1.8 mm long, triangular, acuminate; glumes 8-13 mm long | ||||||
Dichanthelium | Second glume and sterile lemma acute to short-acuminate, some in a given specimen 0.3 mm or more longer than fertile lemma. | ||||||
Dichanthelium | Blades of mid-culm leaves typically long and stiff, acuminate, linear or narrowly lanceolate, usually > 10× as long as wide, only 2-6 mm wide when < 8 cm long. | Blades of mid-culm leaves typically long and stiff, acuminate, linear or narrowly lanceolate, usually > 10× as long as wide, only 2-6 mm wide when < 8 cm long. | |||||
Dichanthelium | Blades of mid-culm leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, stiff, acuminate, often involute, 4-10 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, about 15-20× as long as wide | ||||||
Dichanthelium | Blades of mid-culm leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, stiff, acuminate, often involute, 4-10 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, about 15-20× as long as wide. | ||||||
Dichanthelium | Blades of mid-culm leaves typically long and acuminate, linear or narrowly lanceolate, usually 10-20× as long as wide, only 2-5 mm wide when < 8 cm long. | Blades of mid-culm leaves typically long and acuminate, linear or narrowly lanceolate, usually 10-20× as long as wide, only 2-5 mm wide when < 8 cm long. | |||||
Diplachne | Lemmas 3-5 mm long, the apex acuminate or awned. | ||||||
Echinochloa | Second glume and sterile lemma usually with stout, papillose-based hairs on the veins; fertile lemma acuminate, abruptly narrowed to a firm, persistent tip. | ||||||
Glyceria | Lemma (6-) 7-8.5 (-10) mm long, acute to acuminate; palea longer than the lemma, extending 1.5-3 mm beyond the lemma apex | ||||||
Oplismenus | Leaf sheaths and culm axis glabrate to pilose (usually sparsely, but dense at sheath summit) with hairs < 1.5 mm long; hairs on leaf surfaces also < 1.5 mm long; leaves 1.5-6 cm long; longest leaves with acute to acuminate tip (but not long-acuminate); lemma (7-) 9-11-veined. | ||||||
Oplismenus | Leaf sheaths and culm axis pilose with hairs 3-5 mm long; hairs on leaf surfaces also 3-5 mm long; leaves 2.5-10 cm long; longest leaves with long-acuminate tip; lemma 7-veined | ||||||
Panicum | Lower primary panicle branches in whorls of 4-7 at the nodes, stiffly spreading, naked on the proximal ½, the axils strongly pilose; lower culm internodes appressed papillose-pubescent; first glume acuminate, ½ as long as spikelet; fertile lemma chestnut brown at maturity; [Panicum section Panicum] | ||||||
Panicum | Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, (2.0-) 2.4-3.6 mm long, widest below middle, tapering to acuminate tips, second glume and sterile lemma firm, subcoriaceous; most pedicels < 3 mm long and shorter than spikelets; culms to 20 dm long; leaf blades 4-20 mm wide. | ||||||
Panicum | Spikelets long-acuminate, (2.6-) 3.0-3.6 mm long; mature panicle slender, usually 2-3× as long as wide; [Panicum section Panicum] | ||||||
Panicum | Spikelets short-pointed to acuminate, 1.4-2.5 (-2.8) mm long; mature panicle usually 0.7-2× as long as wide. | ||||||
Panicum | Panicle usually equal to or longer than portion of culm below panicle, often basally included at maturity; panicle rachis, branches, and pedicels usually scabrous with barbs > 0.05 mm; pulvini usually pilose to villous, especially at lower primary branches (sometimes glabrous); culm usually not obviously zig-zag; larger blades usually more than 10 mm wide; spikelets 1.6-2.9 (-4) mm long, short- to long-acuminate, lanceolate, lance-ovoid, or lance-ellipsoid; first glume 0.6-1.5 (-2) mm long | Panicle usually equal to or longer than portion of culm below panicle, often basally included at maturity; panicle rachis, branches, and pedicels usually scabrous with barbs > 0.05 mm; pulvini usually pilose to villous, especially at lower primary branches (sometimes glabrous); culm usually not obviously zig-zag; larger blades usually more than 10 mm wide; spikelets 1.6-2.9 (-4) mm long, short- to long-acuminate, lanceolate, lance-ovoid, or lance-ellipsoid; first glume 0.6-1.5 (-2) mm long | |||||
Panicum | Panicle usually not as long as portion of culm below panicle, usually exerted at maturity; panicle rachis and branches usually smooth, the pedicels often scabrous with barbs < 0.05 mm; pulvini glabrous to sparsely (-moderately) pilose; culm often zig-zag at least proximally; larger blades usually no more than 4-12 mm wide; spikelets 1.4-2.4 mm long, pointed to short-acuminate, lance-ellipsoid, ellipsoid, ovoid, or obovoid; first glume 0.4-0.9 (-1.2) mm long. | Panicle usually not as long as portion of culm below panicle, usually exerted at maturity; panicle rachis and branches usually smooth, the pedicels often scabrous with barbs < 0.05 mm; pulvini glabrous to sparsely (-moderately) pilose; culm often zig-zag at least proximally; larger blades usually no more than 4-12 mm wide; spikelets 1.4-2.4 mm long, pointed to short-acuminate, lance-ellipsoid, ellipsoid, ovoid, or obovoid; first glume 0.4-0.9 (-1.2) mm long. | |||||
Panicum | Spikelets 3.2-5 mm long; beak of sterile lemma exceeding fertile lemma by 0.6-1.3 mm; first glume acuminate, 3/5-3/4× as long as spikelet. | ||||||
Paspalum | Spikelets elliptic, the tip acute or acuminate. | ||||||
Poa | Anthers 0.9-1.5 mm long; lemmas acute to acuminate at the apex, the keel and lateral margins of the lemma forming an apical angle of 10-47 degrees, pliable at the tip, the scarious tip prominent and 0.25-0.5 mm long | ||||||
Poa | Glumes narrow, acuminate, approximately as long as the first (lower) lemma; ligule very short, 0.2-0.8(-1) mm long | ||||||
Sporobolus | First glume scaberulous, acuminate or awn-like; spikelets dark gray; base of plant relatively fibrous; grain spherical; [of barrens and prairies of IN, IL, MO, and n. AR, scattered eastwards as a disjunct, almost always inland of the Coastal Plain] | ||||||
Sporobolus | First glume glabrous, acute to acuminate; spikelets purplish (fading tan); base of plant smooth and hard, made up of the indurated leaf bases; grain oblong (when present, usually abortive); [of pine savannas and seeps of the Coastal Plain of NC south to c. FL, west to e. TX and se. OK]. | ||||||
Clematis | Sepal tips acuminate; achene bodies cobwebby-tomentose toward the tip (C. fremontii) or long pilose (C. baldwinii) | ||||||
Vitis | Nodal diaphragms > 2.5 mm wide; leaves strongly 3-lobed, the tips usually long-acuminate; branchlets of the season with a red or purplish cast | Nodal diaphragms > 2.5 mm wide; leaves strongly 3-lobed, the tips usually long-acuminate; branchlets of the season with a red or purplish cast | |||||
Vitis | Nodal diaphragms < 2.5 mm wide; leaves unlobed or shallowly lobed, the tips acute to short-acuminate; branchlets of the season gray, green, or brown (sometimes purple only on one side) | Nodal diaphragms < 2.5 mm wide; leaves unlobed or shallowly lobed, the tips acute to short-acuminate; branchlets of the season gray, green, or brown (sometimes purple only on one side) | |||||
Cercis | Flowering pedicels 10-20 mm long; main palmate veins 5 (usually with an additional pair of less prominent veins running very close to and parallel to the lower blade margin); flowers (11-) 12-14 mm long (measured dried, from base of calyx to the end of the longest petal); leaf apex prominently acuminate | Flowering pedicels 10-20 mm long; main palmate veins 5 (usually with an additional pair of less prominent veins running very close to and parallel to the lower blade margin); flowers (11-) 12-14 mm long (measured dried, from base of calyx to the end of the longest petal); leaf apex prominently acuminate | |||||
Cercis | Flowering pedicels 6-8 mm long; main palmate veins 7 (usually with an additional pair of less prominent veins running very close to and parallel to the lower blade margin); flowers 8-13 mm long; leaf apex acuminate, acute, rounded, or emarginate. | ||||||
Cercis | Leaves thin, dull above (sun leaves slightly coriaceous, slightly glossy above), bluish-green or yellowish-green; leaf apex usually acuminate to acute; leaf margins plane; legumes 9-14 (-18) mm wide; flowers 8-11 mm long; wing of legume (0.7-) 0.9-1.5 (-1.8) mm wide; [widespread in our region] | Leaves thin, dull above (sun leaves slightly coriaceous, slightly glossy above), bluish-green or yellowish-green; leaf apex usually acuminate to acute; leaf margins plane; legumes 9-14 (-18) mm wide; flowers 8-11 mm long; wing of legume (0.7-) 0.9-1.5 (-1.8) mm wide; [widespread in our region] | |||||
Wisteria | Legume and ovary glabrous; pedicels 5-10 (-15) mm long; standard reflexed near the middle; seeds reniform; leaflet margins plane; leaflet apices acute to slightly acuminate; [native species of swamps and bottomland forests and thickets] | ||||||
Wisteria | Legume and ovary velvety pubescent; pedicels 15-20 mm long; standard reflexed at the base; seeds lenticular; leaflet margins undulate; leaflet apices mainly strongly acuminate; [introduced species, naturalized in a wide variety of situations]. | ||||||
Canavalia | Leaflets herbaceous, 1.5-2× as long as wide, acuminate, acute, or obtuse at the apex; seeds 1.5-3.5 cm long, not mottled, either white to off-white or brown to dark olive; [rare exotic, of disturbed areas]. | ||||||
Desmodium | Terminal leaflet 1.4-2.0× as long as wide, 3.0-7.0 cm long; loment segments 6-8 mm long; stipules 4-8 mm long, ovate to lance-acuminate | ||||||
Hylodesmum | Leaves subverticillate, clustered; leaflets conspicuously and strongly acuminate, 5-10 cm long; flowers usually distinctly pink or pink-purple; inflorescence 3-8 dm long, elongate, large, and conspicuous, much exceeding the leaves | Leaves subverticillate, clustered; leaflets conspicuously and strongly acuminate, 5-10 cm long; flowers usually distinctly pink or pink-purple; inflorescence 3-8 dm long, elongate, large, and conspicuous, much exceeding the leaves | |||||
Hylodesmum | Leaves alternate, scattered; leaflets acute to slightly acuminate, 3-7 cm long; flowers white; inflorescence 1-2 dm long, small and inconspicuous, often partly obscured by the leaves | Leaves alternate, scattered; leaflets acute to slightly acuminate, 3-7 cm long; flowers white; inflorescence 1-2 dm long, small and inconspicuous, often partly obscured by the leaves | |||||
Sesbania | Corolla yellow; pedicels 0.5-1.0 cm long; legume blunt or abruptly acuminate to a beak | ||||||
Sesbania | Corolla orange or red; pedicels 0.5-1.2 (-1.5) cm long; legume acuminate or tapering to a beak | ||||||
Senega | Bracts of the inflorescence 1.5-3 mm long; wing sepals 3-4 mm wide, acuminate, the tips cuspidate; raceme peduncle 0-0.8 (-4) cm long. | ||||||
Rosaceae | Fruit an aggregate of fleshy, adherent drupelets; leaflets acuminate at apex; [tribe Rubeae] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Inflorescence a raceme or a leafy panicle; leaf apices acuminate. | ||||||
Rosaceae | Pome globose to ovoid, lacking stone cells; anthers yellow to white; styles connate at the base; leaves blunt to acuminate; [apples and crabapples] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Pome globose to ovoid, lacking stone cells; anthers yellow to white; styles connate at the base; leaves blunt to acuminate; [apples and crabapples] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Pome globose or pyriform, with stone cells; anthers reddish; styles distinct; leaves acute to acuminate; [pears] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Pome globose or pyriform, with stone cells; anthers reddish; styles distinct; leaves acute to acuminate; [pears] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Pome globose or pyriform, with stone cells; anthers reddish; styles distinct; leaves acute to acuminate; [pears] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Fruit an aggregate of drupelets, developing from a flattish or hemispheric hypanthium, with the ovaries and drupelets exposed; leaflets usually acuminate at the apex; leaflet margins serrate or doubly serrate; [tribe Rubeae] | Fruit an aggregate of drupelets, developing from a flattish or hemispheric hypanthium, with the ovaries and drupelets exposed; leaflets usually acuminate at the apex; leaflet margins serrate or doubly serrate; [tribe Rubeae] | |||||
Rosaceae | Fruit an aggregate of drupelets, developing from a flattish or hemispheric hypanthium, with the ovaries and drupelets exposed; leaflets usually acuminate at the apex; leaflet margins serrate or doubly serrate; [tribe Rubeae] | Fruit an aggregate of drupelets, developing from a flattish or hemispheric hypanthium, with the ovaries and drupelets exposed; leaflets usually acuminate at the apex; leaflet margins serrate or doubly serrate; [tribe Rubeae] | |||||
Rosaceae | Fruit an aggregate of drupelets, developing from a flattish or hemispheric hypanthium, with the ovaries and drupelets exposed; leaflets usually acuminate at the apex; leaflet margins serrate or doubly serrate; [tribe Rubeae] | Fruit an aggregate of drupelets, developing from a flattish or hemispheric hypanthium, with the ovaries and drupelets exposed; leaflets usually acuminate at the apex; leaflet margins serrate or doubly serrate; [tribe Rubeae] | |||||
Agrimonia | Major leaflets lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate to rarely acute; flowers mostly sub-opposite along inflorescence axis; [bottomlands, marshes; CT west to s. MI and SD, south to FL, TX, the West Indies and Mexico] | Major leaflets lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate to rarely acute; flowers mostly sub-opposite along inflorescence axis; [bottomlands, marshes; CT west to s. MI and SD, south to FL, TX, the West Indies and Mexico] | |||||
Geum | Style with a tight kink or twist, the straight portion above the kink more-or-less deciduous, leaving a hook; basal leaves variable, trifoliate, pinnatifid, simple or with a large terminal lobe (to 8 cm wide) and much smaller lateral lobes; cauline leaves trifoliate to simple, mostly sessile or petiolate base, with acute or acuminate apex; leaves herbaceous, the upper surface medium green, not notably glossy; petals 1-10 mm long, white, cream, pale yellow, bright yellow, lavender, maroon, or purple; [of mesic to boggy forests, or less commonly, grassy balds (G. geniculatum)]. | Style with a tight kink or twist, the straight portion above the kink more-or-less deciduous, leaving a hook; basal leaves variable, trifoliate, pinnatifid, simple or with a large terminal lobe (to 8 cm wide) and much smaller lateral lobes; cauline leaves trifoliate to simple, mostly sessile or petiolate base, with acute or acuminate apex; leaves herbaceous, the upper surface medium green, not notably glossy; petals 1-10 mm long, white, cream, pale yellow, bright yellow, lavender, maroon, or purple; [of mesic to boggy forests, or less commonly, grassy balds (G. geniculatum)]. | |||||
Prunus | Leaves mostly 2-2.5× as long as wide, slightly acuminate; lower leaf surface glabrous except for (in var. serotina) tufts or fringes along the midrib; branchlets glabrous. | ||||||
Prunus | Youngest twigs usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent; leaf blades ca. 3.3-3.7× as long as wide; plants decumbent or erect; stones fusiform, ovoid, or subglobose, 6-9.5 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide (P. pumila var. depressa) or 6-7 mm wide (P. pumila var. pumila); leaf apices short-acuminate, acute, or obtuse; [usually in open, sandy or gravelly habitats]. | Youngest twigs usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent; leaf blades ca. 3.3-3.7× as long as wide; plants decumbent or erect; stones fusiform, ovoid, or subglobose, 6-9.5 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide (P. pumila var. depressa) or 6-7 mm wide (P. pumila var. pumila); leaf apices short-acuminate, acute, or obtuse; [usually in open, sandy or gravelly habitats]. | |||||
Prunus | Leaf serrations single to double, the tips of the serrations acuminate to attenuate; leaf blades strongly acuminate to attenuate-caudate. | Leaf serrations single to double, the tips of the serrations acuminate to attenuate; leaf blades strongly acuminate to attenuate-caudate. | |||||
Prunus | Leaf serrations acuminate; tree with weeping or upright (spreading) form; twigs, petioles, and leaf blades hairy (the blades at least along the veins on the lower surface); [subgenus Cerasus, section Microcalymma] | ||||||
Prunus | Leaf serrations small and obscure or well-developed but rounded to acute; leaf blades acute to acuminate. | Leaf serrations small and obscure or well-developed but rounded to acute; leaf blades acute to acuminate. | |||||
Prunus | Petals 10-15 mm long; leaves 6-10 cm long, acuminate; fruit 2-2.5 cm long, red or yellow. | ||||||
Prunus | Petals 4-9 mm long; leaves 2-8 cm long, obtuse, acute, or slightly acuminate; fruit 0.9-1.5 cm long, dark purple, black, yellow, orange, or red. | ||||||
Prunus | Twigs and pedicels usually glabrous, but occasionally pubescent; leaf apices acute, sometimes acuminate; leaf blades mostly > 2× as long as wide; shrubs or small trees, 2-6 m tall; [either inland in the Mountains and Piedmont from nw. NC northward, or Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountains of s. NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, and westward]. | Twigs and pedicels usually glabrous, but occasionally pubescent; leaf apices acute, sometimes acuminate; leaf blades mostly > 2× as long as wide; shrubs or small trees, 2-6 m tall; [either inland in the Mountains and Piedmont from nw. NC northward, or Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountains of s. NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, and westward]. | |||||
Prunus | Plants often suckering and forming thickets, less often single plants, shrubs or less often trees; leaf apices short acuminate (to merely acute); pedicels usually < 10 mm long; [Mountains and Piedmont from nw. NC and e. TN northward] | ||||||
Spiraea | Leaves long-acuminate at the apex; petals pink (rarely white or red); [exotic]. | ||||||
Malus | Leaves ovate to ovate lanceolate, 4-10 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, mostly < 2× as long as wide, acute to acuminate at the tip | Leaves ovate to ovate lanceolate, 4-10 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, mostly < 2× as long as wide, acute to acuminate at the tip | |||||
Rhamnaceae | Branches armed, secondary branches (short shoots) thorn-tipped; Leaf margins serrulate, serrate, or crenate; leaf apex acuminate or acute; drupe with 2-4 stones; petals 4 or 5, white, cream, or yellow; [collectively widespread in our region]. | ||||||
Rhamnaceae | Branches unarmed; leaf margins entire; leaf apex either slightly to deeply notched or acute to acuminate; drupe with 1 stone; petals 5 or absent; [FL peninsula or TX]. | ||||||
Rhamnaceae | Leaf margins entire; leaf apex obtuse (to short-acuminate); tendrils absent (plant climbing by twining); [widespread in our area] | ||||||
Rhamnaceae | Leaf margins serrate to crenate; leaf apex acute-acuminate; tendrils present; [of ne. FL southward] | ||||||
Rhamnaceae | Drupe with 2-4 stones; leaves (2-) 4-13 cm long, toothed (serrate or crenate), with prominently pinnate venation, the apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse; branches unarmed; [collectively widespread]. | ||||||
Ceanothus | Inflorescences terminating leafless axillary shoots (these sometimes with leafy bracts distinctly smaller than normal leaves); leaves mostly acute to acuminate. | Inflorescences terminating leafless axillary shoots (these sometimes with leafy bracts distinctly smaller than normal leaves); leaves mostly acute to acuminate. | |||||
Colubrina | Secondary veins curved, arcing towards the margin, 4-9 on either side of the midvein; leaf apex acute to acuminate; inflorescences 8-30 flowered; peduncles 1-10 mm long. | Secondary veins curved, arcing towards the margin, 4-9 on either side of the midvein; leaf apex acute to acuminate; inflorescences 8-30 flowered; peduncles 1-10 mm long. | |||||
Ulmus | Flowers appearing in the late winter to late spring; leaf base generally symmetrical; leaves 2-3.5 cm wide, 3 or fewer of the lateral veins forked per side; bark of trunks deeply ridged and furrowed; leaf margins sharply doubly serrate (the teeth acute-acuminate); [subgenus Ulmus, section Foliaceae] | Flowers appearing in the late winter to late spring; leaf base generally symmetrical; leaves 2-3.5 cm wide, 3 or fewer of the lateral veins forked per side; bark of trunks deeply ridged and furrowed; leaf margins sharply doubly serrate (the teeth acute-acuminate); [subgenus Ulmus, section Foliaceae] | |||||
Ulmus | Leaf bases strongly oblique; larger leaves 10-15 cm long; primary leaf teeth acuminate, often curved inward; [widespread in our area] | ||||||
Castanea | Leaves elliptic, oblanceolate or lanceolate, 8-30 cm long, the apices acuminate, sometimes only shortly so; spine-covered husk of fruit splitting into 4 sections, enclosing 1-3 (-5) nuts; nut flattened on at least one side, 18-30 mm in diameter; pistillate dichasia of 3 flowers; leaves with or without stellate trichomes; twigs puberulent or glabrous. | Leaves elliptic, oblanceolate or lanceolate, 8-30 cm long, the apices acuminate, sometimes only shortly so; spine-covered husk of fruit splitting into 4 sections, enclosing 1-3 (-5) nuts; nut flattened on at least one side, 18-30 mm in diameter; pistillate dichasia of 3 flowers; leaves with or without stellate trichomes; twigs puberulent or glabrous. | |||||
Quercus | Apices of the lobes or teeth acuminate (rarely acute), and with bristle tips; scales of the acorn cup flat and imbricate; [“red oaks” of section Lobatae] | ||||||
Quercus | Apices of the lobes or teeth acuminate (rarely acute), and with bristle tips; scales of the acorn cup flat and imbricate; [“red oaks” of section Lobatae] | ||||||
Quercus | Apices of the lobes or teeth acuminate (rarely acute), and with bristle tips; scales of the acorn cup flat and imbricate; [“red oaks” of section Lobatae] | ||||||
Quercus | Leaves mostly shallowly lobed at the base, the sinuses extending 1/4 to 1/2 of the way to midrib, grading into mere crenations toward the tip of the leaf, the total number of lobes/crenations usually 9-19; acorns borne on peduncles 2-10 cm long; acorn cup covering 1/3 to 1/2 of acorn, the upper scales with long-acuminate apices | Leaves mostly shallowly lobed at the base, the sinuses extending 1/4 to 1/2 of the way to midrib, grading into mere crenations toward the tip of the leaf, the total number of lobes/crenations usually 9-19; acorns borne on peduncles 2-10 cm long; acorn cup covering 1/3 to 1/2 of acorn, the upper scales with long-acuminate apices | |||||
Quercus | Leaves mostly relatively deeply lobed throughout the length of the leaf, the sinuses extending 1/2 to 4/5 of the way to the midrib, the total number of lobes 3-13; acorns sessile or borne on peduncles up to 1 cm long; acorn cup covering 1/3 to 3/4 of acorn, the upper scales with acute, long-acuminate, to long-awned apices. | Leaves mostly relatively deeply lobed throughout the length of the leaf, the sinuses extending 1/2 to 4/5 of the way to the midrib, the total number of lobes 3-13; acorns sessile or borne on peduncles up to 1 cm long; acorn cup covering 1/3 to 3/4 of acorn, the upper scales with acute, long-acuminate, to long-awned apices. | |||||
Carya | Bark shaggy; petiole hirtellous; leaflet apex acuminate; lower surface of leaflets hirsute with acicular (single), 2-6-rayed fascicled, and occasional multiradiate hairs; fruit husk pubescent, lacking pustulate bumps; fruit 4-7 cm long; nut 3-6 cm long; [rare southward] | ||||||
Alnus | Flowering late summer or autumn; shrub or tree to 9.5 m tall; leaves obtuse to short-acuminate at the tip; [native of e. MD, s. DE, nw. GA, and s. OK]; [subgenus Clethropsis]. | ||||||
Betula | Leaf blades ovate or triangular, 7-15 cm long, the apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 per leaf side; [widespread in the Mountains, and northward also the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of our area] | Leaf blades ovate or triangular, 7-15 cm long, the apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 per leaf side; [widespread in the Mountains, and northward also the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of our area] | |||||
Betula | Leaf blades ovate or triangular, 7-15 cm long, the apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 per leaf side; [widespread in the Mountains, and northward also the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of our area] | Leaf blades ovate or triangular, 7-15 cm long, the apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 per leaf side; [widespread in the Mountains, and northward also the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of our area] | |||||
Betula | Leaves glabrous beneath or somewhat pubescent on the veins; bark of young stems remaining tight; leaf apex long-acuminate to attenuate; central lobe of infructescence scales shorter than the basal and lateral lobes. | ||||||
Betula | Leaf apex long-acuminate, but not attenuate; infructescence scales sparsely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees creamy to bright white | ||||||
Betula | Leaf apex long-acuminate, but not attenuate; infructescence scales sparsely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees creamy to bright white | ||||||
Betula | Leaf apex attenuate-acuminate; infructescence scales densely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees grayish white | ||||||
Betula | Leaf apex attenuate-acuminate; infructescence scales densely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees grayish white | ||||||
Betula | Leaves pubescent beneath, at least on the veins; bark of young stems exfoliating; leaf apex acute to short-acuminate; central lobe of infructescence scales equal to or longer than the basal and lateral lobes. | ||||||
Carpinus | Leaves ovate to elliptic, 5.8-12.5 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm wide, usually abruptly narrowed to the tip (sometimes gradually tapered to a long, acuminate apex), the secondary teeth often almost as long as the primary teeth, sharp-tipped, the lower leaf surface with conspicuous dark-brown glands; bracts of the infructescence mostly sharp-tipped and bearing several sharp teeth; [primarily of the Mountains and Piedmont] | Leaves ovate to elliptic, 5.8-12.5 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm wide, usually abruptly narrowed to the tip (sometimes gradually tapered to a long, acuminate apex), the secondary teeth often almost as long as the primary teeth, sharp-tipped, the lower leaf surface with conspicuous dark-brown glands; bracts of the infructescence mostly sharp-tipped and bearing several sharp teeth; [primarily of the Mountains and Piedmont] | |||||
Carpinus | Leaves ovate to elliptic, 5.8-12.5 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm wide, usually abruptly narrowed to the tip (sometimes gradually tapered to a long, acuminate apex), the secondary teeth often almost as long as the primary teeth, sharp-tipped, the lower leaf surface with conspicuous dark-brown glands; bracts of the infructescence mostly sharp-tipped and bearing several sharp teeth; [primarily of the Mountains and Piedmont] | Leaves ovate to elliptic, 5.8-12.5 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm wide, usually abruptly narrowed to the tip (sometimes gradually tapered to a long, acuminate apex), the secondary teeth often almost as long as the primary teeth, sharp-tipped, the lower leaf surface with conspicuous dark-brown glands; bracts of the infructescence mostly sharp-tipped and bearing several sharp teeth; [primarily of the Mountains and Piedmont] | |||||
Euonymus | Leaf apex acute to short-acuminate; larger leaves with teeth 8-11 per cm | ||||||
Euonymus | Leaf apex long-acuminate; larger leaves with teeth 6-8 per cm | ||||||
Triadenum | Sepals 5-8 mm long at maturity, acute to acuminate; styles 1.8-3 mm long (best seen in fruit) | ||||||
Hypericum | Leaves 10-35 (-40) mm long, 3-8 (-12) mm wide, 3-10× as long as wide, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, mostly ascending to spreading, often equaling the internodes; sepals 3.0-5.0 mm long, 0.8-2.5 mm wide, acute to acuminate; lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; upper portion of stem with numerous axillary branches; lower stem usually spongy-thickened with aerenchymatous tissue; [of upland depression ponds of the Coastal Plain, growing where seasonally inundated] | Leaves 10-35 (-40) mm long, 3-8 (-12) mm wide, 3-10× as long as wide, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, mostly ascending to spreading, often equaling the internodes; sepals 3.0-5.0 mm long, 0.8-2.5 mm wide, acute to acuminate; lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; upper portion of stem with numerous axillary branches; lower stem usually spongy-thickened with aerenchymatous tissue; [of upland depression ponds of the Coastal Plain, growing where seasonally inundated] | |||||
Viola | Stems mostly 2 to several, decumbent proximally in flower, becoming erect in fruit; basal leaves (1) 2-5; cauline leaves distributed over much of stem length, ovate, cordate at base, acute to abruptly short-acuminate at apex; foliage glabrous or thinly pubescent on upper stem and leaves; upper surface of leaf blades medium green; [widespread in our region] | Stems mostly 2 to several, decumbent proximally in flower, becoming erect in fruit; basal leaves (1) 2-5; cauline leaves distributed over much of stem length, ovate, cordate at base, acute to abruptly short-acuminate at apex; foliage glabrous or thinly pubescent on upper stem and leaves; upper surface of leaf blades medium green; [widespread in our region] | |||||
Viola | Largest leaf blades narrowly elliptical to lanceolate, 3-6 (-8)× as long as broad, (5-) 7-29 mm broad, often abruptly tapering to the petiole; gland of marginal teeth appressed to incurved, margins appearing subentire, low-serrate or (sub)crenate; summer plants producing surficial leafy stolons with cleistogamous capsules; lowest sepals of chasmogamous flowers narrowly triangular to ovate-triangular, acuminate; foliage glabrous (rarely sparsely hirtellous in extreme s. populations); [widespread but absent from parts of the se. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain] | Largest leaf blades narrowly elliptical to lanceolate, 3-6 (-8)× as long as broad, (5-) 7-29 mm broad, often abruptly tapering to the petiole; gland of marginal teeth appressed to incurved, margins appearing subentire, low-serrate or (sub)crenate; summer plants producing surficial leafy stolons with cleistogamous capsules; lowest sepals of chasmogamous flowers narrowly triangular to ovate-triangular, acuminate; foliage glabrous (rarely sparsely hirtellous in extreme s. populations); [widespread but absent from parts of the se. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain] | |||||
Viola | Leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 8-15× as long as broad, (2-) 4-9 (-13) mm broad, tapering gradually to the petiole; gland of marginal teeth ascending to spreading, margins commonly appearing denticulate; summer plants rarely producing surficial stolons, these leafless and non-reproductive; lowest sepals of chasmogamous flowers linear-lanceolate to lance-triangular, acuminate to attenuate; foliage glabrous to moderately hirtellous; [se. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain] | Leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 8-15× as long as broad, (2-) 4-9 (-13) mm broad, tapering gradually to the petiole; gland of marginal teeth ascending to spreading, margins commonly appearing denticulate; summer plants rarely producing surficial stolons, these leafless and non-reproductive; lowest sepals of chasmogamous flowers linear-lanceolate to lance-triangular, acuminate to attenuate; foliage glabrous to moderately hirtellous; [se. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain] | |||||
Viola | At least some leaf blades broader than long, bicolorous with darker green upper surface and paler lower surface, usually pubescent on one or both surfaces, obtuse to acute (acuminate) at apex, blade margins most often shallowly serrate; cleistogamous capsules with dense fine purple spots, on prostrate to arching peduncles; seeds 1.2-2.2 × 0.7-1.3 mm, brown or blackish-brown, unspotted. | At least some leaf blades broader than long, bicolorous with darker green upper surface and paler lower surface, usually pubescent on one or both surfaces, obtuse to acute (acuminate) at apex, blade margins most often shallowly serrate; cleistogamous capsules with dense fine purple spots, on prostrate to arching peduncles; seeds 1.2-2.2 × 0.7-1.3 mm, brown or blackish-brown, unspotted. | |||||
Salicaceae | Leaves membranous to subcoriaceous, with evident reticulate venation; leaf apex rounded to acuminate; leaf margin crenate; pedicel glabrous or puberulent. | Leaves membranous to subcoriaceous, with evident reticulate venation; leaf apex rounded to acuminate; leaf margin crenate; pedicel glabrous or puberulent. | |||||
Salix | Leaf apex acuminate to caudate; branchlets yellow; pistillate bracts deciduous after flowering; plants trees, usually 4-20 m tall; [NY and PA west to MO, further north and west; primarily midwestern]; [section Humboldtianae] | Leaf apex acuminate to caudate; branchlets yellow; pistillate bracts deciduous after flowering; plants trees, usually 4-20 m tall; [NY and PA west to MO, further north and west; primarily midwestern]; [section Humboldtianae] | |||||
Salix | Apex of petiole without glands (petiole sometimes tomentose or pubescent, but lacking glands); leaf apex rounded, blunt, or acute (sometimes acuminate in S. eriocephala); stamens usually 2; [subgenus Vetrix) | ||||||
Manihot | Leaf lobes 3-7, each broadest toward the tip, narrowing evenly toward the acuminate apex; calyx of male flowers < 10 mm long; fruit wing-angled | ||||||
Ludwigia | Sepals 2.3-4 mm long, acuminate, the surfaces densely and minutely papillose, the papillae 0.02-0.05 mm long and appressed; capsules 5-8.5 (-10) mm long, 2-4 (-5) mm in diameter; pedicels 0-0.4 mm long; seed surface cells elongate parallel to the seed length (as seen at 20× or more); anthers 1.1-1.6 mm long | Sepals 2.3-4 mm long, acuminate, the surfaces densely and minutely papillose, the papillae 0.02-0.05 mm long and appressed; capsules 5-8.5 (-10) mm long, 2-4 (-5) mm in diameter; pedicels 0-0.4 mm long; seed surface cells elongate parallel to the seed length (as seen at 20× or more); anthers 1.1-1.6 mm long | |||||
Ludwigia | Sepals 3-5 (-5.6) mm long, elongate-acuminate to cuspidate, the surfaces densely minutely strigillose, the hairs 0.06-0.10 mm long and appressed to ascending; capsules 5-10 (-12) mm long, 3-5.5 mm in diameter; pedicels 0-3.5 (-5) mm long; seed surface cells elongate transverse to the seed length, or irregular (as seen at 20× or more); anthers (1.1-) 1.3-2 mm long | Sepals 3-5 (-5.6) mm long, elongate-acuminate to cuspidate, the surfaces densely minutely strigillose, the hairs 0.06-0.10 mm long and appressed to ascending; capsules 5-10 (-12) mm long, 3-5.5 mm in diameter; pedicels 0-3.5 (-5) mm long; seed surface cells elongate transverse to the seed length, or irregular (as seen at 20× or more); anthers (1.1-) 1.3-2 mm long | |||||
Ludwigia | Sepal apex elongate-acuminate or subcuspidate, reflexed; pubescence of stems and leaves hirtellous (the hairs spreading); seed surface cells suborbicular (as seen at 20× or more); anthers 0.6-0.9 (-1.3) mm long; style 1-2 mm long | Sepal apex elongate-acuminate or subcuspidate, reflexed; pubescence of stems and leaves hirtellous (the hairs spreading); seed surface cells suborbicular (as seen at 20× or more); anthers 0.6-0.9 (-1.3) mm long; style 1-2 mm long | |||||
Ludwigia | Sepal apex acuminate, ascending; pubescence of stems and leaves strigillose (the hairs appressed) or hirtellous (the hairs spreading); seed surface cells elongate; anthers 0.3-0.8 mm long; style 0.25-1 (-1.25) mm long. | Sepal apex acuminate, ascending; pubescence of stems and leaves strigillose (the hairs appressed) or hirtellous (the hairs spreading); seed surface cells elongate; anthers 0.3-0.8 mm long; style 0.25-1 (-1.25) mm long. | |||||
Ludwigia | Bracteoles 3.5-6.5 (-8) mm long; sepals green, the apex long-acuminate, reflexed; capsules oblong-obovoid; seed surface cells elongate parallel to the seed length | ||||||
Ludwigia | Bracteoles 0.5-1.5 mm long; sepals yellowish, the apex acuminate, ascending capsules subglobose; seed surface cells in patches, some patches with cells elongate parallel to seed length, others with cells transverse to seed length, others with cells diagonal (rather resembling a badly laid-out parquet floor) | Bracteoles 0.5-1.5 mm long; sepals yellowish, the apex acuminate, ascending capsules subglobose; seed surface cells in patches, some patches with cells elongate parallel to seed length, others with cells transverse to seed length, others with cells diagonal (rather resembling a badly laid-out parquet floor) | |||||
Rhexia | Calyx lobes acuminate-aristate; hypanthium nearly glabrous except along the calyx lobes; surface of seeds pebbled; [widespread in the Coastal Plain from se. VA southward to s. FL and west to e. TX, and rarely inland] | Calyx lobes acuminate-aristate; hypanthium nearly glabrous except along the calyx lobes; surface of seeds pebbled; [widespread in the Coastal Plain from se. VA southward to s. FL and west to e. TX, and rarely inland] | |||||
Rhexia | Sepal lobes obtuse to acuminate, not aristate, the hairs shorter and not yellowish or stiff. | ||||||
Rhexia | Leaf apex acute to acuminate, serrulate, the teeth tipped with a hair 1 mm long or slightly longer, the margin appearing long-ciliate | ||||||
Rhus | Leaflets 11-25, attenuate to base, 2-9 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, either >3× as long as wide or < 4 cm long; leaflet margins entire (rarely serrate); leaflet apex rounded, obtuse, acute, or acuminate (often at least the more basal leaflets with an obtuse tip) | ||||||
Rhus | Leaflets 5-13, rounded to base on the upper side, 4-9 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, > 2.5× as long as wide; leaflet margins entire or serrate; leaflet apex acute or acuminate tip | ||||||
Rhus | Leaflets glabrous, glaucous beneath; medium shrubs to small trees, to 12 m tall; stems densely long-pubescent or essentially glabrous; rachis of the leaf not winged; leaflets mostly lanceolate, averaging 3-4× as long as wide, acuminate. | ||||||
Toxicodendron | Leaves sparsely pubescent (rarely pilose beneath), the apex and the lobes (if present) generally acute to acuminate; drupes papillose, scabrous or puberulent; plant a high-climbing vine or stoloniferous shrub; [of mesic, swampy, or dry habitats] | ||||||
Koelreuteria | Leaflets weakly oblique, acute to short-acuminate, entire to uniformly serrate; leaflet upper surfaces dull-green, matte; petals 4 (-5) | ||||||
Koelreuteria | Leaflets strongly oblique, long acuminate to caudate, entire to irregularly crenate-serrate; leaflet upper surfaces smooth and shiny; petals (4-) 5 | ||||||
Malvaceae | Leaves cuneate at base, acuminate at apex; fruit subglobose, with hooked spines | ||||||
Pavonia | Carpels each with 3 apical awns (spines) up to 10 mm long; petals yellow; leaf blades rounded to truncate at the base, acuminate at the apex, 1.2-2× as long as wide; hairs of the stem and foliage simple; [FL] | ||||||
Sida | Leaf margins crenulate-serrate, more densely so toward apex; lower surface venation prominently greenish yellow with venation inconspicuous on upper surface; calyx lobes apically acuminate to weakly caudate, tricolorous, yellowish to greenish cream at base, becoming green and then darker green distally | Leaf margins crenulate-serrate, more densely so toward apex; lower surface venation prominently greenish yellow with venation inconspicuous on upper surface; calyx lobes apically acuminate to weakly caudate, tricolorous, yellowish to greenish cream at base, becoming green and then darker green distally | |||||
Sida | Leaf margins evenly serrate; venation not conspicuous; calyx lobes apically acute to weakly acuminate; essentially monochrome, green at base. | Leaf margins evenly serrate; venation not conspicuous; calyx lobes apically acute to weakly acuminate; essentially monochrome, green at base. | |||||
Hudsonia | Sepals obtuse to acute, lacking long-acuminate apices; stamens 10-20; leaves 3-4.5 (-6) mm long, sparsely villous; fruits cylindric; [of the Coastal Plain of SC, MD, DE, and NJ, and northwards] | ||||||
Hudsonia | Sepals acuminate, with attenuate apices 1-2 mm long; stamens 20-30; leaves 5-7 mm long, glabrate to sparsely villous; fruits urceolate to campanulate; [of the Mountains of NC] | ||||||
Cardamine | Stem glabrous at base; lower leaves green underneath; petioles auriculate at the base, the auricles 1-5 mm long, acute to acuminate; leaves 3 (-5)-foliolate; siliques 22-40 mm long | ||||||
Cardamine | Cauline leaves with prolonged sagittate-auriculate bases, the 13-19 leaflets acuminate | ||||||
Descurainia | Silique 10-25 (-30) mm long, acute to acuminate, the seeds mostly in 1 row | ||||||
Lunaria | Upper cauline leaves spinulose-dentate, the teeth acuminate and usually with a linear tip > 0.5 mm long; siliques cuneate at the base, acute at the tip; plant perennial | ||||||
Polygonella | Perennial, much-branched from near the distinctly woody base; leaves with hyaline margins toward the tip, persistent through fruiting; ocreae obtuse, acute, acuminate, or aristate-attenuate; achenes (0.7-) 0.8-1.0 (-1.2) mm wide. | ||||||
Polygonella | Vernal leaves (larger leaves toward the base of the plant) 4-13 mm long, 0.5-1.2 (-2.1) mm wide, linear to linear-spatulate; leaf ocreae tips 1-1.5 mm long, acuminate to aristate-attenuate; floral ocreolae orange-reddish to orange-brownish throughout or pale distally, the pale portion no more than 1/5 the length of the ocreolae; longitudinal grooves evident in ocreolae | Vernal leaves (larger leaves toward the base of the plant) 4-13 mm long, 0.5-1.2 (-2.1) mm wide, linear to linear-spatulate; leaf ocreae tips 1-1.5 mm long, acuminate to aristate-attenuate; floral ocreolae orange-reddish to orange-brownish throughout or pale distally, the pale portion no more than 1/5 the length of the ocreolae; longitudinal grooves evident in ocreolae | |||||
Polygonum | Plants yellowish green when fresh, not darkening when dried; leaves acute to acuminate at the apex; pedicels 2.5-6 mm long; stem leaves 2.1-3.5 (-4.2)× as long as the branch leaves | ||||||
Paronychia | Stem erect, the branching symmetrical and dichotomous, the flowers therefore in weirdly geometric, tight square cymes, flowers 2.3-3.5 mm long; glabrous portion of the sepal > 1.1 mm long, sepal lobes long acuminate and slender, the apices acute to narrowly rounded (besides the mucro) | ||||||
Cerastium | Leaf blades narrowly to broadly linear, acute or short-acuminate at tip, tapered to base; stems erect nearly whole length | ||||||
Stellaria | Leaves sessile, short-petiolate, to long-petiolate (if long petiolate, the blades cuneate), the blades rounded to cuneate at the base; sepals 2.5-11 mm long, broadly acute to acuminate; seeds 0.4-2.0 mm long; stem puberulent to short-pilose (the pubescence in vertical lines or not). | ||||||
Stellaria | Sepals 7-11 (-12) mm long, acuminate, ciliate, but more-or-less glabrous on the back; [of the mountains] | ||||||
Achyranthes | Leaf blades 4-20 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, acuminate at the tip; tepals 6-7 mm long; utricles 3-4 mm long | ||||||
Alternanthera | Bracts keeled; tepals pilose or villous; leaves not succulent, acute to acuminate at the tip. | ||||||
Amaranthus | Outermost tepal acute or acuminate (dissimilar to the inner obtuse tepals), the midvein excurrent into a rigid point | ||||||
Amaranthus | Outer tepals with apex acuminate; midribs excurrent as rigid spines. | ||||||
Amaranthus | Utricles dehiscent; leaf blades obtuse, acuminate, or very shallowly notched at the tip. | ||||||
Amaranthus | Tepals of pistillate flowers acute to short-acuminate at the tip, not reflexed; seeds 0.6-1.0 mm in diameter | Tepals of pistillate flowers acute to short-acuminate at the tip, not reflexed; seeds 0.6-1.0 mm in diameter | |||||
Amaranthus | Tepals of pistillate flowers acute, acuminate, or aristate at the tip; plants slightly pubescent when young, becoming glabrous or nearly so. | ||||||
Iresine | Plant a perennial, 3-10 dm tall, with stolons; tepals 1.0-1.3 mm long, the tips acute to acuminate | ||||||
Portulaca | Trichomes at nodes conspicuous; seeds round, < 0.6 mm long; leaves elliptic, with an acute to acuminate apex | ||||||
Nyssa | Pistillate flowers and fruits (2-) 3-5 (-8) per peduncle; leaves with thin texture, pliable, typically widest near the middle, the apex typically acuminate, the margins often with a few irregular teeth near the apex (though sometimes an entire tree with no toothed leaves); trunk not swollen or buttressed at base (even when growing in moist or wet habitats); bark of large trees rough, divided by deep vertical and horizontal furrows into a pattern of squarish checks; [trees of dry to mesic upland forests, less commonly in bottomlands or other wetlands, where flooding occurs at most occasionally and is of short duration; throughout our area] | Pistillate flowers and fruits (2-) 3-5 (-8) per peduncle; leaves with thin texture, pliable, typically widest near the middle, the apex typically acuminate, the margins often with a few irregular teeth near the apex (though sometimes an entire tree with no toothed leaves); trunk not swollen or buttressed at base (even when growing in moist or wet habitats); bark of large trees rough, divided by deep vertical and horizontal furrows into a pattern of squarish checks; [trees of dry to mesic upland forests, less commonly in bottomlands or other wetlands, where flooding occurs at most occasionally and is of short duration; throughout our area] | |||||
Nyssa | Pistillate flowers and fruits (2-) 3-5 (-8) per peduncle; leaves with thin texture, pliable, typically widest near the middle, the apex typically acuminate, the margins often with a few irregular teeth near the apex (though sometimes an entire tree with no toothed leaves); trunk not swollen or buttressed at base (even when growing in moist or wet habitats); bark of large trees rough, divided by deep vertical and horizontal furrows into a pattern of squarish checks; [trees of dry to mesic upland forests, less commonly in bottomlands or other wetlands, where flooding occurs at most occasionally and is of short duration; throughout our area] | Pistillate flowers and fruits (2-) 3-5 (-8) per peduncle; leaves with thin texture, pliable, typically widest near the middle, the apex typically acuminate, the margins often with a few irregular teeth near the apex (though sometimes an entire tree with no toothed leaves); trunk not swollen or buttressed at base (even when growing in moist or wet habitats); bark of large trees rough, divided by deep vertical and horizontal furrows into a pattern of squarish checks; [trees of dry to mesic upland forests, less commonly in bottomlands or other wetlands, where flooding occurs at most occasionally and is of short duration; throughout our area] | |||||
Nyssa | Pistillate flowers and fruits (2-) 3-5 (-8) per peduncle; leaves with thin texture, pliable, typically widest near the middle, the apex typically acuminate, the margins often with a few irregular teeth near the apex (though sometimes an entire tree with no toothed leaves); trunk not swollen or buttressed at base (even when growing in moist or wet habitats); bark of large trees rough, divided by deep vertical and horizontal furrows into a pattern of squarish checks; [trees of dry to mesic upland forests, less commonly in bottomlands or other wetlands, where flooding occurs at most occasionally and is of short duration; throughout our area] | Pistillate flowers and fruits (2-) 3-5 (-8) per peduncle; leaves with thin texture, pliable, typically widest near the middle, the apex typically acuminate, the margins often with a few irregular teeth near the apex (though sometimes an entire tree with no toothed leaves); trunk not swollen or buttressed at base (even when growing in moist or wet habitats); bark of large trees rough, divided by deep vertical and horizontal furrows into a pattern of squarish checks; [trees of dry to mesic upland forests, less commonly in bottomlands or other wetlands, where flooding occurs at most occasionally and is of short duration; throughout our area] | |||||
Phlox | Sterile shoots rooting at the nodes; leaves broad-elliptic, ca. 2-3× as long as wide; sepals acuminate to very slightly awned, the awn 0-0.5 mm long; corolla tube glabrous. | ||||||
Phlox | Leaves and bracts oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, acute to obtuse (rarely acuminate), the larger 20-40 (-50) mm long, 4-8 (-12) mm wide, ca. 5× as long as wide; bracts below the inflorescence hiding the calyces | Leaves and bracts oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, acute to obtuse (rarely acuminate), the larger 20-40 (-50) mm long, 4-8 (-12) mm wide, ca. 5× as long as wide; bracts below the inflorescence hiding the calyces | |||||
Phlox | Leaves and bracts linear to lanceolate, acuminate, the larger 35-45 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, ca. 10× as long as wide; bracts below the inflorescence not hiding the calyces | Leaves and bracts linear to lanceolate, acuminate, the larger 35-45 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, ca. 10× as long as wide; bracts below the inflorescence not hiding the calyces | |||||
Manilkara | Leaves green, usually > 5 cm long, the apex acuminate to rounded; fruit 5-8 cm in diameter; corolla lobes white, lacking lateral appendages | Leaves green, usually > 5 cm long, the apex acuminate to rounded; fruit 5-8 cm in diameter; corolla lobes white, lacking lateral appendages | |||||
Theaceae | Leaves ovate to elliptic (broadest at or below the middle), 1-3× as long as wide, slightly to strongly acuminate, 5-10 (-15) cm long; [introduced shrub, planted in upland soils]; [tribe Theeae] | ||||||
Theaceae | Leaves oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic (broadest at or above the middle), 2.5-4× as long as wide, acute to obtuse (rarely slightly acuminate), 8-30 cm long; [small to large tree, native in acidic Coastal Plain wetlands]; [tribe Gordonieae] | ||||||
Camellia | Sepals caducous or deciduous; flowers sessile (or on short pedicels obscured by bracts); leaves mostly ovate, acuminate, > 4 cm wide; [subgenus Camellia]. | ||||||
Camellia | Sepals persistent; flowers on obvious pedicels; leaves mostly elliptic, usually only slightly acuminate, 2-7.5 cm wide; [subgenus Thea; section Thea] | Sepals persistent; flowers on obvious pedicels; leaves mostly elliptic, usually only slightly acuminate, 2-7.5 cm wide; [subgenus Thea; section Thea] | |||||
Styrax | Leaves generally broadly obovate, sometimes broadly ovate, 5-14 cm long, 4-10 cm wide, the apices acute to short-acuminate, densely and finely pubescent beneath, giving the underside of the leaf a pale color; inflorescence usually of 5-20 flowers | ||||||
Styrax | Leaves narrowly elliptic to ovate or obovate, usually 2-8 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, the apices short- to long-acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath (to densely pubescent and then giving the underside of the leaf a rusty color in var. pulverulentus); inflorescence usually of 1-7 flowers. | ||||||
Clethra | Leaves oblong or elliptic, averaging 11-13 cm long and 5-7 cm wide; distance up leaf margin from the leaf base to the first tooth avg. 2.4 cm; leaf apex acuminate; inflorescence bracts exceeding the flowers; [of the Mountains] | Leaves oblong or elliptic, averaging 11-13 cm long and 5-7 cm wide; distance up leaf margin from the leaf base to the first tooth avg. 2.4 cm; leaf apex acuminate; inflorescence bracts exceeding the flowers; [of the Mountains] | |||||
Pyrola | Leaves mostly 3-9 cm long, the blade mostly > 2.5 cm wide; calyx lobes triangular, the apex acute to acuminate; [nw. NC, VA, WV, and OH northwards]; [section Pyrola; series Ellipticae] | Leaves mostly 3-9 cm long, the blade mostly > 2.5 cm wide; calyx lobes triangular, the apex acute to acuminate; [nw. NC, VA, WV, and OH northwards]; [section Pyrola; series Ellipticae] | |||||
Leucothoe | Leaves obtuse or acute to short-acuminate; staminal filaments almost always with at least a few unicellular hairs; calyx lobes ovate-triangular to ovate or widely so, 1.2-2.3 mm wide; racemes 0.9-5.5 cm long, with 8-44 flowers; sepals ovate, with an obtuse or rounded apex; longest petioles 2-10 (-11) mm long; [Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont] | Leaves obtuse or acute to short-acuminate; staminal filaments almost always with at least a few unicellular hairs; calyx lobes ovate-triangular to ovate or widely so, 1.2-2.3 mm wide; racemes 0.9-5.5 cm long, with 8-44 flowers; sepals ovate, with an obtuse or rounded apex; longest petioles 2-10 (-11) mm long; [Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont] | |||||
Leucothoe | Leaves long-acuminate, petiole (5-) 6-16 mm long; staminal filaments merely papillose; calyx lobes ovate or ovate-triangular to oblong-triangular, 0.7-1.6 mm wide; racemes 2-10 cm long, with 17-80 flowers; longest petioles 8-15 mm long; [Mountains and upper Piedmont] | Leaves long-acuminate, petiole (5-) 6-16 mm long; staminal filaments merely papillose; calyx lobes ovate or ovate-triangular to oblong-triangular, 0.7-1.6 mm wide; racemes 2-10 cm long, with 17-80 flowers; longest petioles 8-15 mm long; [Mountains and upper Piedmont] | |||||
Vaccinium | Corolla lobes 4, strongly recurved, 7-10 mm long; calyx lobes 4 (also visible on the berry); leaves lanceolate to ovate, the apex acuminate, the margin regularly and finely serrate with glandular teeth; [high elevations in the Mountains]; [mountain cranberry; section Oxycoccoides] | Corolla lobes 4, strongly recurved, 7-10 mm long; calyx lobes 4 (also visible on the berry); leaves lanceolate to ovate, the apex acuminate, the margin regularly and finely serrate with glandular teeth; [high elevations in the Mountains]; [mountain cranberry; section Oxycoccoides] | |||||
Vaccinium | Leaves elliptic to elliptic-obovate, broadest at or beyond the middle, the apex acute to short-acuminate; leaf margins entire to obscurely serrulate; corolla 5-10 mm long; berry blue, glaucous | ||||||
Vaccinium | Leaves narrowly ovate, broadest below the middle, the apex acuminate; leaf margins distinctly serrulate; corolla 5-7 mm long; berry purple-black, not glaucous (sometimes drying so as to appear somewhat glaucous blue) | ||||||
Gaylussacia | Leaves membranaceous, medium-green, with acuminate apices; [section Decamerium, subsection Ursinae] | ||||||
Houstonia | Internodes (6-) 7-11 (-13); stipules of median nodes lanceolate or deltoid, to 3 mm long, to 2.5 mm wide, the apex usually acute to acuminate; [collectively widespread]. | Internodes (6-) 7-11 (-13); stipules of median nodes lanceolate or deltoid, to 3 mm long, to 2.5 mm wide, the apex usually acute to acuminate; [collectively widespread]. | |||||
Galium | Leaves widest below the middle, tapering to a long-acuminate apex, averaging about 3-5 (-8)× as long as wide; largest leaves 30-80 mm long, 2.5-20 mm wide. | ||||||
Psychotria | Lower leaf surfaces not punctate; leaf apex acute to acuminate; [collectively common natives]. | ||||||
Gentianaceae | Calyx lobes 4-5; stem leaves lanceolate, ovate, elliptic or narrowly elliptic (widest near the middle or toward the base, the tip acute or acuminate), mostly > 1.5 cm long, distributed fairly evenly along the stem, basal rosettes sometimes present; [of various more-or-less open habitats (except some species of Gentiana, which can occur in nutrient-rich, mesic forests)]. | Calyx lobes 4-5; stem leaves lanceolate, ovate, elliptic or narrowly elliptic (widest near the middle or toward the base, the tip acute or acuminate), mostly > 1.5 cm long, distributed fairly evenly along the stem, basal rosettes sometimes present; [of various more-or-less open habitats (except some species of Gentiana, which can occur in nutrient-rich, mesic forests)]. | |||||
Bartonia | Corolla lobes green to creamy white, 2-3 (-5.2) mm long, ascending or erect, oblong to ovate or lance-ovate, acuminate or rounded-mucronate at the apex; flowering in summer or fall (Jul-Oct). | ||||||
Bartonia | Mid-cauline scale leaves alternate; corolla lobes acuminate at the apex, their margins entire; anthers 0.3-0.5 mm long; style stout with stigmas spreading; capsule dehiscing from the apex. | ||||||
Gentiana | Involucral and upper leaves obtuse to acute (rarely acuminate); calyx lobes lanceolate; corollas open to loosely closed. | Involucral and upper leaves obtuse to acute (rarely acuminate); calyx lobes lanceolate; corollas open to loosely closed. | |||||
Gentiana | Involucral and upper leaves acuminate; calyx lobes ovate-orbicular; corollas tightly closed (rarely loosely closed to open). | Involucral and upper leaves acuminate; calyx lobes ovate-orbicular; corollas tightly closed (rarely loosely closed to open). | |||||
Gelsemium | Sepals acuminate apically, persistent on the fruit; capsule elliptical, 1.0-1.6 cm long, 6-8 mm broad, the tapering tip bearing a definite beak 2.4-4.2 3 mm long; seeds wingless; flowers odorless (rarely fragrant), usually golden-yellow; leaf with small patch of spreading trichomes at extreme base on the lower surface | Sepals acuminate apically, persistent on the fruit; capsule elliptical, 1.0-1.6 cm long, 6-8 mm broad, the tapering tip bearing a definite beak 2.4-4.2 3 mm long; seeds wingless; flowers odorless (rarely fragrant), usually golden-yellow; leaf with small patch of spreading trichomes at extreme base on the lower surface | |||||
Asclepias | Leaves cuneate, rounded, or cordate at base; rarely cordate-clasping; 1-6 cm wide, (1-) 1.5-6× as long as wide; stem and leaves pubescent to glabrate (or glabrous in A. meadii); flowers cream, green, or pink-colored (if pink colored then leaves lanceolate and acuminate-tipped). | ||||||
Asclepias | Leaves lanceolate, acuminate at the apex; corolla reddish purple to pink, the lobes 7-9 mm long; [of wetlands, Coastal Plain and very rarely inland] | Leaves lanceolate, acuminate at the apex; corolla reddish purple to pink, the lobes 7-9 mm long; [of wetlands, Coastal Plain and very rarely inland] | |||||
Asclepias | Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to glabrescent; leaves narrow, the base obtuse to truncate, the apex long-acuminate; plants usually much branched | ||||||
Asclepias | Stems and leaves moderately to densely pubescent; leaves broader, the base rounded to subcordate, the apex acute to short-acuminate; plants usually relatively strict | ||||||
Asclepias | Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to glabrescent; leaves narrow, the base obtuse to truncate, the apex long-acuminate; plants usually much branched | ||||||
Asclepias | Stems and leaves moderately to densely pubescent; leaves broader, the base rounded to subcordate, the apex acute to short-acuminate; plants usually relatively strict | ||||||
Asclepias | Leaves 4-9 cm wide, acuminate at the apex | ||||||
Lithospermum | Corolla lobes acute to acuminate, erect (continuing the plane of the corolla tube); style exserted. | ||||||
Lithospermum | Corolla lobes yellow to orange; nutlet 2.0-2.8 mm long; corolla lobes either 2.5-4× as long as wide and acuminate (L. virginianum) or 1.5-2× as long as wide, acute (O. decipiens). | Corolla lobes yellow to orange; nutlet 2.0-2.8 mm long; corolla lobes either 2.5-4× as long as wide and acuminate (L. virginianum) or 1.5-2× as long as wide, acute (O. decipiens). | |||||
Lithospermum | Stem hairs < 2.0 mm long; corolla lobes 2.5-4× as long as wide and acuminate; tips of the anthers below the corolla sinuses; [widespread in our area] | ||||||
Lithospermum | Plant lacking basal rosette; lower cauline leaves smaller than the upper cauline leaves; leaves acuminate or acute. | ||||||
Lithospermum | Upper stem internodes mostly 3-6 cm long; leaves mostly > 2 cm wide, acuminate | Upper stem internodes mostly 3-6 cm long; leaves mostly > 2 cm wide, acuminate | |||||
Convolvulus | Leaves longer than wide, obtuse , acute, or acuminate at the tip. | ||||||
Ipomoea | Stems erect or twining, not rooting at the nodes (except sometimes in I. batatas); leaf apex acute to acuminate. | ||||||
Stylisma | Bracteoles 1-3 (-5) mm long; stylar branches free nearly to base, the free portion more than 5 mm long; sepals villous or glabrous, 6-9 mm long, ovate-lanceolate with acuminate apices; leaves 2-10 mm wide. | Bracteoles 1-3 (-5) mm long; stylar branches free nearly to base, the free portion more than 5 mm long; sepals villous or glabrous, 6-9 mm long, ovate-lanceolate with acuminate apices; leaves 2-10 mm wide. | |||||
Datura | Corollas 4-11 cm long, the limb with 5 shallow sinuses alternating with acuminate lobes; fruits erect; [section Datura]. | ||||||
Datura | Corollas usually greater than 10 cm long, limb with 5 lobules alternating with acuminate lobes; fruits pendent; [section Dutra]. | ||||||
Datura | Corolla limbs with 5 acuminate lobes +/- equal to 5 lobules; calyces villous-pubescent (especially along veins); abaxial leaf surface villous-pubescent (especially along veins), trichomes spreading | ||||||
Datura | Corolla limbs with 5 acuminate lobes longer than the 5 lobules; calyces canescent-puberulent (especially along veins); abaxial leaf surface canescent-puberulent (especially along veins), trichomes short-appressed or curved | ||||||
Physalis | Leaf margins strongly dentate with 7-10 (or more) teeth per side; fruiting pedicels 12 mm or more long; mature fruiting calyx 2.5-4 cm (or more) long, the lobes long-acuminate to attenuate; corolla pubescent internally | ||||||
Physalis | Leaf margins entire, or dentate with 1-8 teeth per side; fruiting pedicels < 10 mm long; mature fruiting calyx 2.5 cm or less long, the lobes triangular-acuminate; corolla glabrous internally | Leaf margins entire, or dentate with 1-8 teeth per side; fruiting pedicels < 10 mm long; mature fruiting calyx 2.5 cm or less long, the lobes triangular-acuminate; corolla glabrous internally | |||||
Physalis | Stems, young growth, and major veins of the leaves covered with villous pubescence intermixed with sessile glands; leaves gray-green, prominently and coarsely dentate to the base, with well-defined reticulate venation, especially visible on the lower surface, frequently drying orange or with orange spots; anthers yellow, perhaps with a bluish tinge; body of mature calyx about as long as broad, abruptly acuminate at apex; berry tawny orange when mature | Stems, young growth, and major veins of the leaves covered with villous pubescence intermixed with sessile glands; leaves gray-green, prominently and coarsely dentate to the base, with well-defined reticulate venation, especially visible on the lower surface, frequently drying orange or with orange spots; anthers yellow, perhaps with a bluish tinge; body of mature calyx about as long as broad, abruptly acuminate at apex; berry tawny orange when mature | |||||
Physalis | Stems, young growth, and major veins of leaves with fine, non-villous pubescence; leaves green, obscurely dentate, often in the upper half only, or entire, without well-defined reticulate venation, drying green or brownish; anthers blue or violet; body of mature calyx longer than broad, long-acuminate at the apex; berry green when mature | Stems, young growth, and major veins of leaves with fine, non-villous pubescence; leaves green, obscurely dentate, often in the upper half only, or entire, without well-defined reticulate venation, drying green or brownish; anthers blue or violet; body of mature calyx longer than broad, long-acuminate at the apex; berry green when mature | |||||
Ligustrum | Leaves mostly (3-) 4-8 (-9) cm long, with the primary lateral leaf veins in 3-5 pairs; leaf apex acute to abruptly acuminate; abaxial midvein covered by epidermis; flowers short-pedicellate on pedicels 0.5-2 mm; corolla tube hardly exserted from calyx, ca. equal lobe length | Leaves mostly (3-) 4-8 (-9) cm long, with the primary lateral leaf veins in 3-5 pairs; leaf apex acute to abruptly acuminate; abaxial midvein covered by epidermis; flowers short-pedicellate on pedicels 0.5-2 mm; corolla tube hardly exserted from calyx, ca. equal lobe length | |||||
Ligustrum | Leaves (4.5-) 6-13 (-15) cm, with the primary lateral veins in (5-) 6-8 pairs; leaf apex usually long-acuminate; abaxial midvein not covered by epidermis; flowers subsessile on pedicels 0-0.5 mm; corolla tube distinctly exserted from calyx, ca. 2× longer than lobes | ||||||
Ligustrum | Leaf blades hirsutulous abaxially, rarely only along the nerves, sparsely hirsute-strigose adaxially, sometimes mostly near the margins, primary lateral veins (5-) 6-8 pairs, apices sharply acute (to slightly acuminate, or rarely obtuse) | ||||||
Forestiera | Leaves (6-) 7-8 (-9) cm long, long-acuminate or acuminate (rarely acute) at the apex, the tip sharply pointed; [of swamp forests, sloughs, and ponds] | ||||||
Forestiera | Leaves 1.5-7 (-8) cm long, obtuse at the apex, or if short-acuminate the ultimate tip blunt; [of uplands, over calcareous rocks or shell]. | Leaves 1.5-7 (-8) cm long, obtuse at the apex, or if short-acuminate the ultimate tip blunt; [of uplands, over calcareous rocks or shell]. | |||||
Forestiera | Leaves 1.5-7 (-8) cm long, obtuse at the apex, or if short-acuminate the ultimate tip blunt; [of uplands, over calcareous rocks or shell]. | Leaves 1.5-7 (-8) cm long, obtuse at the apex, or if short-acuminate the ultimate tip blunt; [of uplands, over calcareous rocks or shell]. | |||||
Penstemon | Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs | ||||||
Penstemon | Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs | ||||||
Penstemon | Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs | ||||||
Catalpa | Corolla 2-4 cm wide, the lower corolla lobe densely spotted with purple, entire; capsule 6-10 mm in diameter, each valve 9-15 mm wide when flattened; seeds with 2 elongated wings, each wing narrowing to an acutish end, the hairs at the end appressed to one another in 2 planes, thus forming a pointed tail (like a sharply pointed paintbrush); fresh foliage with a fetid odor; leaves abruptly acuminate | Corolla 2-4 cm wide, the lower corolla lobe densely spotted with purple, entire; capsule 6-10 mm in diameter, each valve 9-15 mm wide when flattened; seeds with 2 elongated wings, each wing narrowing to an acutish end, the hairs at the end appressed to one another in 2 planes, thus forming a pointed tail (like a sharply pointed paintbrush); fresh foliage with a fetid odor; leaves abruptly acuminate | |||||
Catalpa | Corolla 4-6 cm wide, the lower corolla lobe sparsely spotted with purple, notched; capsule 10-15 mm in diameter, each valve 13-18 mm wide when flattened; seeds with 2 elongated wings, each wing narrowing only slightly to a rounded or oblique end, the hairs at the end appressed to one another only in one plane, thus forming a flattish fringe (like a flat paintbrush); fresh foliage essentially odorless; leaves long-acuminate | Corolla 4-6 cm wide, the lower corolla lobe sparsely spotted with purple, notched; capsule 10-15 mm in diameter, each valve 13-18 mm wide when flattened; seeds with 2 elongated wings, each wing narrowing only slightly to a rounded or oblique end, the hairs at the end appressed to one another only in one plane, thus forming a flattish fringe (like a flat paintbrush); fresh foliage essentially odorless; leaves long-acuminate | |||||
Stachys | Annuals from fibrous roots, typically freely branching from the base or from lower nodes; leaf blades 1-5 cm long, with rounded or obtuse apices (except acute to acuminate in S. annua); [exotics, except S. agraria]. | ||||||
Stachys | Leaves cuneate at base, acute to acuminate at tip; corolla 10-16 mm long (well exceeding the calyx); corolla mostly white, the lower lip yellow; upper corolla lip erect, the galea margin erose/crisped | ||||||
Stachys | Leaf blades ovate-oblong to elliptic; calyx lobes deltoid-acuminate to an apiculate tip, ½ to 2/3 as long as the calyx tube; bracts of the inflorescence usually conspicuous and only gradually reduced upward; plants generally more pubescent | Leaf blades ovate-oblong to elliptic; calyx lobes deltoid-acuminate to an apiculate tip, ½ to 2/3 as long as the calyx tube; bracts of the inflorescence usually conspicuous and only gradually reduced upward; plants generally more pubescent | |||||
Stachys | Mature calyx lobes lanceolate or deltoid-acuminate to an apiculate tip, more than half as long as the calyx tube. | Mature calyx lobes lanceolate or deltoid-acuminate to an apiculate tip, more than half as long as the calyx tube. | |||||
Agastache | Corolla pinkish, purple, or rose; calyx lobes acute or acuminate, 1.5-2.5 mm long at anthesis; calyx lobes and bracts with white or pink margins; midstem internodes at least sparsely long-pubescent; lower surface of the leaf pubescent mainly on the veins. | Corolla pinkish, purple, or rose; calyx lobes acute or acuminate, 1.5-2.5 mm long at anthesis; calyx lobes and bracts with white or pink margins; midstem internodes at least sparsely long-pubescent; lower surface of the leaf pubescent mainly on the veins. | |||||
Lycopus | Calyx lobes acuminate to subulate-tipped, much exceeding the nutlets. | ||||||
Lycopus | Calyx 2.0-3.3 mm long; stems and branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent with hairs < 0.5 mm long; leaf teeth sharply acute to short-acuminate | ||||||
Monarda | Calyx lobes (3-) 5-10× as long as wide, the length including a spinose awn 2-7 mm long; corolla white to pink or lavender; inner bracts subtending the flowers 4-9 mm wide, abruptly acuminate into a spinose bristle | ||||||
Monarda | Calyx lobes 1-3× as long as wide, narrowly to broadly triangular, acute or long-acuminate but not awned; corolla yellow, spotted with purple; inner bracts 8-14 mm wide, acuminate. | Calyx lobes 1-3× as long as wide, narrowly to broadly triangular, acute or long-acuminate but not awned; corolla yellow, spotted with purple; inner bracts 8-14 mm wide, acuminate. | |||||
Pycnanthemum | Calyx lobes 0.5-1.2 (-1.5) mm long, triangular to narrowly triangular, acute to acuminate, but not subulate; [collectively widespread]. | Calyx lobes 0.5-1.2 (-1.5) mm long, triangular to narrowly triangular, acute to acuminate, but not subulate; [collectively widespread]. | |||||
Pycnanthemum | Calyx lobes broadly triangular, their apices obtuse, acute, or somewhat acuminate; calyx tube > 2× as long as the longest (lower) calyx lobes. | Calyx lobes broadly triangular, their apices obtuse, acute, or somewhat acuminate; calyx tube > 2× as long as the longest (lower) calyx lobes. | |||||
Pycnanthemum | Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, their apices acuminate to attenuate; calyx tube 1-2× as long as the longest (lower) calyx lobes. | Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, their apices acuminate to attenuate; calyx tube 1-2× as long as the longest (lower) calyx lobes. | |||||
Orobanchaceae | Stem leaves either toothed with acuminate teeth, or entire (bracteal leaves in and near the inflorescence sometimes pectinately fringed); annual, 1-4 dm tall | ||||||
Ilex | Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 2-4 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, 3-7× as long as wide; petioles 1-3 (-5) mm long; leaf apex acute to acuminate; branchlets ascending to spreading, most of them forming angles greater than 45 degrees to the branch, and often at right angles | Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 2-4 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, 3-7× as long as wide; petioles 1-3 (-5) mm long; leaf apex acute to acuminate; branchlets ascending to spreading, most of them forming angles greater than 45 degrees to the branch, and often at right angles | |||||
Ilex | Leaves 2-9 (-10.5) cm long, elliptic to broadly ovate, often nearly round, the base usually rounded, the apex abruptly to gradually acuminate, the marginal teeth usually inconspicuous; petioles of mature leaves usually < 1 cm long; fruits 5-9 mm in diameter; plant a shrub to 6 m tall; [of the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountains] | Leaves 2-9 (-10.5) cm long, elliptic to broadly ovate, often nearly round, the base usually rounded, the apex abruptly to gradually acuminate, the marginal teeth usually inconspicuous; petioles of mature leaves usually < 1 cm long; fruits 5-9 mm in diameter; plant a shrub to 6 m tall; [of the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountains] | |||||
Ilex | Leaves 6-16 cm long (the largest, at least, > 8 cm long), narrowly to broadly ovate, the base usually cuneate, the apex long acuminate to attenuate, the marginal teeth rather coarse; petioles of mature leaves usually > 1 cm long; fruits 9-12 mm in diameter; plant a shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; [of the Mountains and upper Piedmont] | Leaves 6-16 cm long (the largest, at least, > 8 cm long), narrowly to broadly ovate, the base usually cuneate, the apex long acuminate to attenuate, the marginal teeth rather coarse; petioles of mature leaves usually > 1 cm long; fruits 9-12 mm in diameter; plant a shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; [of the Mountains and upper Piedmont] | |||||
Lobelia | Leaves thick and stiff; leaf edges with an obvious thickened lip; leaf shape lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, usually less than 2.5 cm broad; leaf margins often distinctly toothed; leaf apex usually long-acute to acuminate; flowers usually densely arranged; anther tube close to 4 mm long; filament tube 8−11 mm long; [Atlantic Coastal Plain, rarely adjacent Piedmont] | Leaves thick and stiff; leaf edges with an obvious thickened lip; leaf shape lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, usually less than 2.5 cm broad; leaf margins often distinctly toothed; leaf apex usually long-acute to acuminate; flowers usually densely arranged; anther tube close to 4 mm long; filament tube 8−11 mm long; [Atlantic Coastal Plain, rarely adjacent Piedmont] | |||||
Acmella | Leaves narrowly to broadly ovate; petioles (3-) 5-43 mm long; outer series of phyllaries lanceolate, the apex acuminate; heads radiate | Leaves narrowly to broadly ovate; petioles (3-) 5-43 mm long; outer series of phyllaries lanceolate, the apex acuminate; heads radiate | |||||
Ageratina | Phyllaries mostly 5-7 mm long, cuspidate-acuminate; heads with (15-) 20-34 flowers; leaves generally deltoid (the base generally subcordate or truncate); heads arranged in dense corymbs; [of moderate to high elevation forests and openings, in the Mountains and upper Piedmont] | ||||||
Arctium | Inner phyllaries constricted above the middle, widened toward the truncate (or rarely acuminate) apex | Inner phyllaries constricted above the middle, widened toward the truncate (or rarely acuminate) apex | |||||
Arctium | Inner phyllaries never constricted above the middle, gradually narrowing toward the acute to acuminate apex. | Inner phyllaries never constricted above the middle, gradually narrowing toward the acute to acuminate apex. | |||||
Baccharis | At least some leaf blades toothed or lobed, rarely all entire, sometimes the distal ones especially entire; leaf apices acuminate, acute, or obtuse; pappi 3-12 mm long in fruit; [collectively widespread]. | ||||||
Balduina | Plant an annual or biennial; cauline leaves numerous, linear, 0.5-1.9 mm wide; outer involucral bracts 0.6-1.7 mm wide, lanceolate, acuminate; disk 6-15 mm wide; pappus scales obovate-orbicular, 0.3-0.6 mm long | ||||||
Chrysopsis | Phyllary tips acuminate, attenuate, or subulate, spreading to reflexed; [of FL Panhandle and s. AL]. | ||||||
Chrysopsis | Phyllary tips acuminate, acute, or obtuse, appressed; [of peninsular FL, eastern Panhandle FL, and rarely (possibly only as an introduction) in NC and SC]. | ||||||
Chrysopsis | Phyllary tips appressed, acute to acuminate, either glandular or eglandular; cypselas with 2-6 ridges; [collectively more widespread]. | ||||||
Coreopsis | Leaf blades (or terminal leaflets of compound leaves) narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate, ca. 0.6-2 cm wide, acuminate; stem and leaves glabrous | Leaf blades (or terminal leaflets of compound leaves) narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate, ca. 0.6-2 cm wide, acuminate; stem and leaves glabrous | |||||
Eupatorium | Phyllaries acuminate to attenuate. | ||||||
Eupatorium | Leaves sparsely pubescent; lower stem pubescence typically appressed, the hairs < 1 mm long; phyllaries acute-acuminate to mucronate. | Leaves sparsely pubescent; lower stem pubescence typically appressed, the hairs < 1 mm long; phyllaries acute-acuminate to mucronate. | |||||
Eupatorium | Involucre 4.5-7 mm high; leaves acute to attenuate-acuminate, lanceolate, the 2 main lateral veins separating from the midvein at the base; leaves rarely 3 per node. | ||||||
Eupatorium | Leaf surfaces glandular-punctate, densely puberulent on the surfaces and veins, the hairs fairly long and curling or twisted (as seen with at least 10× magnification); stem densely puberulent; leaves entire to serrate, the teeth varying from obscure to sharp, generally about 1 mm long (measured on the side toward the leaf apex), rarely to 3 mm long, generally forward-pointing; leaves acuminate to acute, the terminal portion not strongly attenuated, and about as likely to have teeth as the rest of the margin | Leaf surfaces glandular-punctate, densely puberulent on the surfaces and veins, the hairs fairly long and curling or twisted (as seen with at least 10× magnification); stem densely puberulent; leaves entire to serrate, the teeth varying from obscure to sharp, generally about 1 mm long (measured on the side toward the leaf apex), rarely to 3 mm long, generally forward-pointing; leaves acuminate to acute, the terminal portion not strongly attenuated, and about as likely to have teeth as the rest of the margin | |||||
Eupatorium | Leaf surfaces densely glandular-punctate, sparsely puberulent (mainly on the veins), the hairs short; stem sparsely puberulent; leaves serrate to pinnatifid, the teeth often 1-5 mm long (measured on the side toward the leaf apex), often salient or divergent; leaves attenuate-acuminate, the terminal 1/3 extended and generally entire | Leaf surfaces densely glandular-punctate, sparsely puberulent (mainly on the veins), the hairs short; stem sparsely puberulent; leaves serrate to pinnatifid, the teeth often 1-5 mm long (measured on the side toward the leaf apex), often salient or divergent; leaves attenuate-acuminate, the terminal 1/3 extended and generally entire | |||||
Eutrochium | Leaves broadly lanceolate to ovate, the apex acuminate to acute; leaf teeth sharply 1-2-serrate; leaf lower surface usually glabrate (slightly to densely softly lanulose on the veins only, or densely lanulose across the surface in var. holzingeri, distributed in the western part of our region); achenes with sparse to medium short-papillate glands at anthesis; [widespread in our area]. | Leaves broadly lanceolate to ovate, the apex acuminate to acute; leaf teeth sharply 1-2-serrate; leaf lower surface usually glabrate (slightly to densely softly lanulose on the veins only, or densely lanulose across the surface in var. holzingeri, distributed in the western part of our region); achenes with sparse to medium short-papillate glands at anthesis; [widespread in our area]. | |||||
Gamochaeta | Involucres 3-3.5 mm high, lightly arachnose only at the base if at all; capitulescence interrupted at least distally, the main axis visible up to the terminal heads; phyllaries in 5-7 series, the outer and middle ovate-triangular with sharply acute-acuminate apices, the outer 1/3-½ as long as the inner, slightly brown, none with purplish color; flowering May-Jul | Involucres 3-3.5 mm high, lightly arachnose only at the base if at all; capitulescence interrupted at least distally, the main axis visible up to the terminal heads; phyllaries in 5-7 series, the outer and middle ovate-triangular with sharply acute-acuminate apices, the outer 1/3-½ as long as the inner, slightly brown, none with purplish color; flowering May-Jul | |||||
Gamochaeta | Basal and proximal cauline leaves usually withering before anthesis (clusters of smaller leaves usually present in cauline axils); stems erect or ascending; plants (30-) 50-85 cm; apices of inner phyllaries acute-acuminate; flowering mostly Jul-Aug |
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