Flora of the Southeastern United States

Thelypteridaceae

Leaf blades 7-25 (-30) cm long, triangular, < 2× as long as wide (or lanceolate and > 4× as long as wide in the rarely naturalized P. decursive-pinnata); rachis with adnate wings between the pinnae; sori without indusia; midribs of pinnae lacking an adaxial groove; [subfamily Phegopteridoideae]; [Phegopteroid clade]

Leaf blades 7-25 (-30) cm long, triangular, < 2× as long as wide (or lanceolate and > 4× as long as wide in the rarely naturalized P. decursive-pinnata); rachis with adnate wings between the pinnae; sori without indusia; midribs of pinnae lacking an adaxial groove; [subfamily Phegopteridoideae]; [Phegopteroid clade]

Thelypteridaceae

Leaf blades (15-) 20-100 cm long, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or triangular, > 2× as long as wide; rachis without adnate wings between the pinnae; sori with reniform indusia; midribs of pinnae with an adaxial groove (adaxial groove lacking in Macrothelypteris).

Leaf blades (15-) 20-100 cm long, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or triangular, > 2× as long as wide; rachis without adnate wings between the pinnae; sori with reniform indusia; midribs of pinnae with an adaxial groove (adaxial groove lacking in Macrothelypteris).

Potamogetonaceae

Stipules not adnate, or adnate to the blade < ½ the length of the stipule; peduncle stiff, the flowering spike elevated above the water's surface; submersed leaves translucent, flat, flexible; floating leaves present or absent

Stipules not adnate, or adnate to the blade < ½ the length of the stipule; peduncle stiff, the flowering spike elevated above the water's surface; submersed leaves translucent, flat, flexible; floating leaves present or absent

Potamogetonaceae

Stipules adnate to the blade for at least 2/3 the length of the stipule; peduncle flexible, the flowering spike submersed; submersed leaves opaque, channeled, stiff; floating leaves absent

Stipules adnate to the blade for at least 2/3 the length of the stipule; peduncle flexible, the flowering spike submersed; submersed leaves opaque, channeled, stiff; floating leaves absent

Potamogeton

Stipular sheaths of submersed leaves adnate with leaf blade base, the tip usually projecting as a ligule

Stipular sheaths of submersed leaves adnate with leaf blade base, the tip usually projecting as a ligule

Potamogeton

Stipular sheaths of submersed leaves free from the leaf blade base, or with only a few adnate, the ligule not obvious.

Stipular sheaths of submersed leaves free from the leaf blade base, or with only a few adnate, the ligule not obvious.

Potamogeton

Submersed leaves 1-10 mm wide, 3-13 veined; stipules of submersed leaves not adnate to the leaf base; floating leaves rounded at apex

Submersed leaves 1-10 mm wide, 3-13 veined; stipules of submersed leaves not adnate to the leaf base; floating leaves rounded at apex

Potamogeton

Submersed leaves 0.2-1(-2) mm wide, 1-3 (-7) veined; stipules of at least some submersed leaves adnate to the leaf base; floating leaves acute at apex

Submersed leaves 0.2-1(-2) mm wide, 1-3 (-7) veined; stipules of at least some submersed leaves adnate to the leaf base; floating leaves acute at apex

Cymodoceaceae

Leaves flat, with a notched or tricuspidate apex; stipules absent, or if present, either free or adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath for < 10 mm; flowers solitary; pistils 2

Leaves flat, with a notched or tricuspidate apex; stipules absent, or if present, either free or adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath for < 10 mm; flowers solitary; pistils 2

Cymodoceaceae

Leaves flat, with a notched or tricuspidate apex; stipules absent, or if present, either free or adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath for < 10 mm; flowers solitary; pistils 2

Leaves flat, with a notched or tricuspidate apex; stipules absent, or if present, either free or adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath for < 10 mm; flowers solitary; pistils 2

Cymodoceaceae

Leaves filiform, terete or nearly so, with an obtuse to acute apex; stipules present, adnate to the leaf base and forming an apparently inflated sheath around the stem > 10 mm long; flowers usually 2, on a flexuous, elongate peduncle; pistils 4-16

Leaves filiform, terete or nearly so, with an obtuse to acute apex; stipules present, adnate to the leaf base and forming an apparently inflated sheath around the stem > 10 mm long; flowers usually 2, on a flexuous, elongate peduncle; pistils 4-16

Cymodoceaceae

Leaves filiform, terete or nearly so, with an obtuse to acute apex; stipules present, adnate to the leaf base and forming an apparently inflated sheath around the stem > 10 mm long; flowers usually 2, on a flexuous, elongate peduncle; pistils 4-16

Leaves filiform, terete or nearly so, with an obtuse to acute apex; stipules present, adnate to the leaf base and forming an apparently inflated sheath around the stem > 10 mm long; flowers usually 2, on a flexuous, elongate peduncle; pistils 4-16

Tradescantia

Flowers distinctly pedicelled; petals neither clawed nor connate; stamens not adnate to the petals.

Flowers distinctly pedicelled; petals neither clawed nor connate; stamens not adnate to the petals.

Tradescantia

Flowers distinctly pedicelled; petals neither clawed nor connate; stamens not adnate to the petals.

Flowers distinctly pedicelled; petals neither clawed nor connate; stamens not adnate to the petals.

Chamaecrista

Annual from a taproot; stems solitary (rarely several), ascending to erect; peduncles adnate to the stem 1-26 mm above the node (appearing to diverge from the stem in the internode); [series Chamaecrista].

Annual from a taproot; stems solitary (rarely several), ascending to erect; peduncles adnate to the stem 1-26 mm above the node (appearing to diverge from the stem in the internode); [series Chamaecrista].

Rosa

Stipules adnate to the petiole only basally, for < ½ their length; vigorous climbing vines, 3-5 (-10) m tall; petals white.

Stipules adnate to the petiole only basally, for < ½ their length; vigorous climbing vines, 3-5 (-10) m tall; petals white.

Rosa

Stipules adnate to the petiole > ½ their length; vigorous climbing vines or shrubs, 0.3-4 m tall; petals white, pink, rose-purple, or yellow.

Stipules adnate to the petiole > ½ their length; vigorous climbing vines or shrubs, 0.3-4 m tall; petals white, pink, rose-purple, or yellow.

Argythamnia

Staminate petals adnate to the androphore; nectary glands of the pistillate flowers oblate, 0.2-0.3 mm long × 0.3-0.4 mm wide; [of pine rocklands and rockland hammocks in s. FL]

Staminate petals adnate to the androphore; nectary glands of the pistillate flowers oblate, 0.2-0.3 mm long × 0.3-0.4 mm wide; [of pine rocklands and rockland hammocks in s. FL]

Malvaceae

Tree; fruit a woody drupe, the peduncle adnate for half of its length to a thin, curved, leafy bract; [subfamily Tilioideae]

Tree; fruit a woody drupe, the peduncle adnate for half of its length to a thin, curved, leafy bract; [subfamily Tilioideae]

Malvaceae

Stamens united into a staminal column adnate to the corolla at its base; [subfamily Malvoideae; tribe Malveae].

Stamens united into a staminal column adnate to the corolla at its base; [subfamily Malvoideae; tribe Malveae].

Warea

Leaves conspicuously auriculate at the base, the auricles clasping and adnate to the stem; [FL peninsula]

Leaves conspicuously auriculate at the base, the auricles clasping and adnate to the stem; [FL peninsula]

Polygonum

Flowers in terminal or long-peduncled axillary racemes; branches adnate to stems, therefore appearing to arise internodally; plants suffrutescent bushy herbs

Flowers in terminal or long-peduncled axillary racemes; branches adnate to stems, therefore appearing to arise internodally; plants suffrutescent bushy herbs

Polygonum

Flowers in small clusters or very reduced racemes of 1-5 flowers, borne in the axils of normally sized or reduced leaves; branches not adnate to the stem, and thus arising at nodes; plants erect or sprawling herbs.

Flowers in small clusters or very reduced racemes of 1-5 flowers, borne in the axils of normally sized or reduced leaves; branches not adnate to the stem, and thus arising at nodes; plants erect or sprawling herbs.

Basellaceae

Filaments free nearly to base, adnate for < ¼ of their length to the petals; plants not succulent, perennial; flowers pedicellate

Filaments free nearly to base, adnate for < ¼ of their length to the petals; plants not succulent, perennial; flowers pedicellate

Basellaceae

Filaments adnate for > ½ of their length to the petals; plants succulent annuals; flowers sessile or subsessile

Filaments adnate for > ½ of their length to the petals; plants succulent annuals; flowers sessile or subsessile

Pseudognaphalium

Leaves distinctly (but shortly) decurrent 1-10 mm and adnate-auriculate on the stem.

Leaves distinctly (but shortly) decurrent 1-10 mm and adnate-auriculate on the stem.

Pseudognaphalium

Leaves sessile, not decurrent or adnate-auriculate.

Leaves sessile, not decurrent or adnate-auriculate.

Symphyotrichum

Mid-stem leaves mostly 3-5 cm long, separated by internodes of (0.5-) 1-2 (-3) cm at their densest, often adnate-ascending; plants usually 0.4-0.8 m tall; heads mostly 7-11 mm wide.

Mid-stem leaves mostly 3-5 cm long, separated by internodes of (0.5-) 1-2 (-3) cm at their densest, often adnate-ascending; plants usually 0.4-0.8 m tall; heads mostly 7-11 mm wide.

Plantae

Leaves filiform, terete or nearly so; stipules present, adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath around the stem > 10 mm long.

Leaves filiform, terete or nearly so; stipules present, adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath around the stem > 10 mm long.

Plantae

Stipule adnate its entire length to the leaf base, appearing inflated; flowers usually 2, on a flexous, elongate peduncle

Stipule adnate its entire length to the leaf base, appearing inflated; flowers usually 2, on a flexous, elongate peduncle

Plantae

Leaves flat; stipules absent, or if present, either free or adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath for < 10 mm.

Leaves flat; stipules absent, or if present, either free or adnate to the leaf base and forming a sheath for < 10 mm.

Plantae

Leaves with conspicuous leafy stipules, often adnate to the petiole; plant a liana or small to medium shrub; leaves serrate, often sharply and prominently so; leaves not strongly aromatic when fresh, lacking pellucid punctate glands on the surface

Leaves with conspicuous leafy stipules, often adnate to the petiole; plant a liana or small to medium shrub; leaves serrate, often sharply and prominently so; leaves not strongly aromatic when fresh, lacking pellucid punctate glands on the surface

Plantae

Leaves longer than wide, entire or prickly-margined; stems usually obviously armed with prickles; flowers 6-merous, greenish, in umbels borne in leaf axils; tendrils stipular, 2 per leaf axil, adnate to the petiole basally

Leaves longer than wide, entire or prickly-margined; stems usually obviously armed with prickles; flowers 6-merous, greenish, in umbels borne in leaf axils; tendrils stipular, 2 per leaf axil, adnate to the petiole basally

Plantae

Leaf margins wavy or irregularly dentate, mainly in the upper half of the leaf; inflorescence a few flowered (<20) axillary raceme, cyme, or cluster; corolla fused basally into a tube, the stamens adnate to the tube; hairs of the lower leaf surface stellate

Leaf margins wavy or irregularly dentate, mainly in the upper half of the leaf; inflorescence a few flowered (<20) axillary raceme, cyme, or cluster; corolla fused basally into a tube, the stamens adnate to the tube; hairs of the lower leaf surface stellate

Plantae

Tepals evidently connate, fused at least basally and sometimes nearly their entire length; filaments adnate to the tepals.

Tepals evidently connate, fused at least basally and sometimes nearly their entire length; filaments adnate to the tepals.

Plantae

Tepals completely distinct; filaments free (rarely epitepalous or barely adnate to tepal bases).

Tepals completely distinct; filaments free (rarely epitepalous or barely adnate to tepal bases).

Dodonaea

Fruit 0.8-1.0 cm wide (including the wings); fruit wing 2-4 mm wide; fruit wings adnate to style (therefore the incision on the top of the fruit not reaching the fruit body); leaves coriaceous, (2.5-) 3.5-5.0 (-8.0) cm long, mostly 2-3× as long as broad, the broadest point well past the midpoint of the blade

Fruit 0.8-1.0 cm wide (including the wings); fruit wing 2-4 mm wide; fruit wings adnate to style (therefore the incision on the top of the fruit not reaching the fruit body); leaves coriaceous, (2.5-) 3.5-5.0 (-8.0) cm long, mostly 2-3× as long as broad, the broadest point well past the midpoint of the blade

Viola

All petals glabrous within; corolla concolorous blue or lower three petals blue and upper pair purple-black; stipules long-adnate to petiole; rhizome erect, barrel-like; cleistogamous flowers absent.

All petals glabrous within; corolla concolorous blue or lower three petals blue and upper pair purple-black; stipules long-adnate to petiole; rhizome erect, barrel-like; cleistogamous flowers absent.

Viola

All petals glabrous within (lateral petals densely bearded within in V. inconspicua); spur > 2× as long as thick, cylindrical or club-shaped; stipules at least half-adnate to petioles.

All petals glabrous within (lateral petals densely bearded within in V. inconspicua); spur > 2× as long as thick, cylindrical or club-shaped; stipules at least half-adnate to petioles.

Nama

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-3 mm wide; adnate portion of filaments very narrowly winged

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-3 mm wide; adnate portion of filaments very narrowly winged

Nama

Leaves oblong-oblanceolate to oblong-spatulate, 1-8 mm wide; adnate portion of filaments conspicuously winged

Leaves oblong-oblanceolate to oblong-spatulate, 1-8 mm wide; adnate portion of filaments conspicuously winged

Fabaceae

Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous; stipules either caducous or well-developed and persistent, and then separate or adnate to the petiole; corollas pink, blue, violet, yellow, or white.

Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous; stipules either caducous or well-developed and persistent, and then separate or adnate to the petiole; corollas pink, blue, violet, yellow, or white.

Verbascum

Corollas 14-20 (-30) mm in diameter, pellucid glands of the corolla numerous; anthers yellow; pedicels all or nearly all adnate to the rachis

Corollas 14-20 (-30) mm in diameter, pellucid glands of the corolla numerous; anthers yellow; pedicels all or nearly all adnate to the rachis

Verbascum

Corollas 30-55 mm in diameter; pellucid glands of the corolla absent or very few; anthers orange; pedicels adnate to the rachis or often free

Corollas 30-55 mm in diameter; pellucid glands of the corolla absent or very few; anthers orange; pedicels adnate to the rachis or often free

Symphyotrichum

Stem leaves 0.1-1(-1.3)cm long, either ascending-appressed, appearing adnate to stem, or triangular and deflexed; [of the Coastal Plain]; [section Patentes, series Brachyphylli].

Stem leaves 0.1-1(-1.3)cm long, either ascending-appressed, appearing adnate to stem, or triangular and deflexed; [of the Coastal Plain]; [section Patentes, series Brachyphylli].

Digitaria

Plants always with axillary panicles in the lower leaf sheaths (these sometimes concealed by the sheaths); panicles bearing spikelets in groups of 3; lower portions of the pedicels adnate to the axes; leaf blades 3.0-5.0 mm wide; sheaths sometimes sparsely pubescent; [widespread non-native]

Plants always with axillary panicles in the lower leaf sheaths (these sometimes concealed by the sheaths); panicles bearing spikelets in groups of 3; lower portions of the pedicels adnate to the axes; leaf blades 3.0-5.0 mm wide; sheaths sometimes sparsely pubescent; [widespread non-native]