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Scientific Lead Number Lead Position Lead Characteristics Lead Characteristics with Glossary Line result key id Line result taxon id result text
Asarum
Calyx tube 10-20 mm long; calyx lobes long-caudate, 15-35 mm long, initially erect to ascending, spreading at full anthesis (but with tips curving forward), and ascending/erect after fertilization
Calyx tube 10-20 mm long; calyx lobes long-caudate, 15-35 mm long, initially erect to ascending, spreading at full anthesis (but with tips curving forward), and ascending/erect after fertilization
Asarum
Calyx tube 10-20 mm long; calyx lobes long-caudate, 15-35 mm long, initially erect to ascending, spreading at full anthesis (but with tips curving forward), and ascending/erect after fertilization
Calyx tube 10-20 mm long; calyx lobes long-caudate, 15-35 mm long, initially erect to ascending, spreading at full anthesis (but with tips curving forward), and ascending/erect after fertilization
Elodea
Well-developed leaves (1-) avg. 2 (-5) mm wide, mostly 2-5× as long as wide; staminate spathe 4-8 (-15) mm long, the flower at anthesis on an elongated, very slender, flexuous stalk; sepals of pistillate flowers 2-4.5 mm long
Well-developed leaves (1-) avg. 2 (-5) mm wide, mostly 2-5× as long as wide; staminate spathe 4-8 (-15) mm long, the flower at anthesis on an elongated, very slender, flexuous stalk; sepals of pistillate flowers 2-4.5 mm long
Elodea
Well-developed leaves (0.3-) avg. 1.3 (-2) mm wide, mostly 5-10× as long as wide; staminate spathe 2-3 mm long, the flower at anthesis separating from the spathe (and plant) at maturity; sepals of pistillate flowers 1-1.5 mm long
Well-developed leaves (0.3-) avg. 1.3 (-2) mm wide, mostly 5-10× as long as wide; staminate spathe 2-3 mm long, the flower at anthesis separating from the spathe (and plant) at maturity; sepals of pistillate flowers 1-1.5 mm long
Aletris
Perianth 4-6 mm long, campanulate at anthesis, ca. 1× as long as broad, the perianth lobes broadly deltoid (about as long as broad); fruiting perianth somewhat narrowed above the base
Perianth 4-6 mm long, campanulate at anthesis, ca. 1× as long as broad, the perianth lobes broadly deltoid (about as long as broad); fruiting perianth somewhat narrowed above the base
Aletris
Perianth 6-10 mm long, cylindric at anthesis, 2-3× as long as broad, the perianth lobes narrowly deltoid (longer than broad); fruiting perianth markedly constricted above the middle
Perianth 6-10 mm long, cylindric at anthesis, 2-3× as long as broad, the perianth lobes narrowly deltoid (longer than broad); fruiting perianth markedly constricted above the middle
Trillium
Plants erect or ascending, with tall scapes holding bracts (leaves) well above ground, or sometimes bract tips barely touching the ground in early anthesis; floral fragrance various, foetid, pleasant, or mildly unpleasant
Plants erect or ascending, with tall scapes holding bracts (leaves) well above ground, or sometimes bract tips barely touching the ground in early anthesis; floral fragrance various, foetid, pleasant, or mildly unpleasant
Trillium
Flower fragrance fruity-spicy, like green apples or Calycanthus (rarely musky); petals maroon, bronze, green, yellow; portions of ovary and stamens purplish during anthesis
Flower fragrance fruity-spicy, like green apples or Calycanthus (rarely musky); petals maroon, bronze, green, yellow; portions of ovary and stamens purplish during anthesis
Trillium
Flower fragrance lemon-like; petals greenish-yellow darkening to yellow; ovary and stamens greenish-white during anthesis
Flower fragrance lemon-like; petals greenish-yellow darkening to yellow; ovary and stamens greenish-white during anthesis
Allium
Leaves appearing before the flowers and withering before anthesis; leaves lanceolate to elliptic (the margins not parallel for most of the length), mostly > 2 cm wide; [subgenus Rhizirideum].
Leaves appearing before the flowers and withering before anthesis; leaves lanceolate to elliptic (the margins not parallel for most of the length), mostly > 2 cm wide; [subgenus Rhizirideum].
Allium
Leaves appearing before the flowers and withering before anthesis; leaves lanceolate to elliptic (the margins not parallel for most of the length), mostly > 2 cm wide; [subgenus Rhizirideum].
Leaves appearing before the flowers and withering before anthesis; leaves lanceolate to elliptic (the margins not parallel for most of the length), mostly > 2 cm wide; [subgenus Rhizirideum].
Zephyranthes
Style and stigma as long as or shorter than the anthers; perianth segments erect-ascending at full anthesis, (4-) 4.3-8.5 (-10) cm long
Style and stigma as long as or shorter than the anthers; perianth segments erect-ascending at full anthesis, (4-) 4.3-8.5 (-10) cm long
Zephyranthes
Style and stigmas extending beyond the anthers; perianth segments spreading at full anthesis, (5.5-) 6.6-9.5 (-11) cm long.
Style and stigmas extending beyond the anthers; perianth segments spreading at full anthesis, (5.5-) 6.6-9.5 (-11) cm long.
Hymenocallis
Staminal cups rotate at full anthesis; leaves chiefly arching low, often appearing prostrate; [of s. GA south into FL]
Staminal cups rotate at full anthesis; leaves chiefly arching low, often appearing prostrate; [of s. GA south into FL]
Hymenocallis
Staminal cups rotate at full anthesis; leaves chiefly arching low, often appearing prostrate; [of s. GA south into FL]
Staminal cups rotate at full anthesis; leaves chiefly arching low, often appearing prostrate; [of s. GA south into FL]
Hymenocallis
Staminal cups funnelform at full anthesis but gradually spreading in time; leaves suberect to erect; [of se. NC south to FL].
Staminal cups funnelform at full anthesis but gradually spreading in time; leaves suberect to erect; [of se. NC south to FL].
Luzula
Inflorescence branches divergent, at least some widely spreading (though less so before anthesis); glomerules capitate to broadly ovoid, not cylindric; leaves with a minute point at tip
Inflorescence branches divergent, at least some widely spreading (though less so before anthesis); glomerules capitate to broadly ovoid, not cylindric; leaves with a minute point at tip
Andropogon
Upper culm sheaths reduced, not strongly overlapping, not hiding the raceme sheaths after anthesis; culms mostly > 1 m tall (except A. perangustatus, A. tracyi, A. subtenuis, and small forms of A. virginicus).
Upper culm sheaths reduced, not strongly overlapping, not hiding the raceme sheaths after anthesis; culms mostly > 1 m tall (except A. perangustatus, A. tracyi, A. subtenuis, and small forms of A. virginicus).
Bromus
Culms with 10-20 leaves, often weak and leaning or reclining; junction of sheaths and base of leaf blades with 2 well-developed flanges prolonged into auricles or divergent spurs; second glume primarily 5-nerved; flowering late, with anthesis Aug-Oct
Culms with 10-20 leaves, often weak and leaning or reclining; junction of sheaths and base of leaf blades with 2 well-developed flanges prolonged into auricles or divergent spurs; second glume primarily 5-nerved; flowering late, with anthesis Aug-Oct
Bromus
Culms with 6-10 leaves, erect; junction of sheaths and base of leaf blades lacking flanges or auricles; second glume primarily 3-nerved; flowering earlier, anthesis from May-Aug.
Culms with 6-10 leaves, erect; junction of sheaths and base of leaf blades lacking flanges or auricles; second glume primarily 3-nerved; flowering earlier, anthesis from May-Aug.
Delphinium
Basal leaves usually present at anthesis; flowers (sepals) blue or white; stems 2-8 (-10) dm tall; blade of midstem leaves distinctly 3-7-parted (and then usually additionally divided), the ultimate segments 3-15 in number, 2-10 mm wide.
Basal leaves usually present at anthesis; flowers (sepals) blue or white; stems 2-8 (-10) dm tall; blade of midstem leaves distinctly 3-7-parted (and then usually additionally divided), the ultimate segments 3-15 in number, 2-10 mm wide.
Delphinium
Basal leaves absent at anthesis; flowers (sepals) blue to purplish (rarely white); stems (3-) 6-10 (-15) dm tall; blade of midstem leaves not distinctly 3-parted, the ultimate segments 12-25 in number, 0.5-1.5 mm wide
Basal leaves absent at anthesis; flowers (sepals) blue to purplish (rarely white); stems (3-) 6-10 (-15) dm tall; blade of midstem leaves not distinctly 3-parted, the ultimate segments 12-25 in number, 0.5-1.5 mm wide
Anemone
Stem densely pubescent above and below the stem leaves; stem leaves borne above the midpoint of the stem at anthesis; plant from a globose, vertically oriented bulb, lacking rhizomes; basal leaves 1-ternate, the 3 lobes sublobed or toothed, but not additionally divided; involucral leaves (1.5-) 3-6 cm long; achene bodies 2.7-3.5 mm long; achene beak sinuous, hidden in the achene indument
Stem densely pubescent above and below the stem leaves; stem leaves borne above the midpoint of the stem at anthesis; plant from a globose, vertically oriented bulb, lacking rhizomes; basal leaves 1-ternate, the 3 lobes sublobed or toothed, but not additionally divided; involucral leaves (1.5-) 3-6 cm long; achene bodies 2.7-3.5 mm long; achene beak sinuous, hidden in the achene indument
Anemone
Stem densely pubescent above the stem leaves, glabrous to very sparsely pubescent beneath the stem leaves; stem leaves borne at or below the midpoint of the stem at anthesis; plant with slender, horizontal rhizomes; basal leaves 1-3-ternate, the 3 primary lobes usually further divided into linear segments; involucral leaves 1-2.5 (-3) cm long; achene bodies 1.5-2.5 (-3.0) mm long; achene beak straight, extending out of the achene indument
Stem densely pubescent above the stem leaves, glabrous to very sparsely pubescent beneath the stem leaves; stem leaves borne at or below the midpoint of the stem at anthesis; plant with slender, horizontal rhizomes; basal leaves 1-3-ternate, the 3 primary lobes usually further divided into linear segments; involucral leaves 1-2.5 (-3) cm long; achene bodies 1.5-2.5 (-3.0) mm long; achene beak straight, extending out of the achene indument
Ranunculus
Achenes wide-margined (wider portions of the margin 1/4 to 2/3 as wide as the achene body); plants colonial, sending out stolons (by the time of fruiting) which root at the nodes, forming new plants; sepals reflexed at full anthesis
Achenes wide-margined (wider portions of the margin 1/4 to 2/3 as wide as the achene body); plants colonial, sending out stolons (by the time of fruiting) which root at the nodes, forming new plants; sepals reflexed at full anthesis
Ranunculus
Achenes narrow-margined (wider portions of the margin 1/8 or less as wide as the achene body); plants usually erect or repent by the time of fruiting (if repent sometimes forming adventitious roots at the nodes, but not generally developing new plants); sepals spreading at full anthesis (sometimes reflexed later).
Achenes narrow-margined (wider portions of the margin 1/8 or less as wide as the achene body); plants usually erect or repent by the time of fruiting (if repent sometimes forming adventitious roots at the nodes, but not generally developing new plants); sepals spreading at full anthesis (sometimes reflexed later).
Ribes
Stamens (at full anthesis) 3-4.5 mm long, about equaling the calyx lobes
Stamens (at full anthesis) 3-4.5 mm long, about equaling the calyx lobes
Ribes
Stamens (at full anthesis) 6-12 mm long, exserted well beyond the calyx lobes.
Stamens (at full anthesis) 6-12 mm long, exserted well beyond the calyx lobes.
Ribes
Stamens (at full anthesis) 9-15 mm long, exserted well beyond the calyx lobes; calyx lobes 4-7 mm long; petals 2-3 mm long
Stamens (at full anthesis) 9-15 mm long, exserted well beyond the calyx lobes; calyx lobes 4-7 mm long; petals 2-3 mm long
Ribes
Stamens (at full anthesis) <7.5 mm long, shorter than the calyx lobes; calyx lobes either 2.5-4 mm long or 7.5-9 mm long; petals 1-2.5 mm long.
Stamens (at full anthesis) <7.5 mm long, shorter than the calyx lobes; calyx lobes either 2.5-4 mm long or 7.5-9 mm long; petals 1-2.5 mm long.
Ribes
Ovary with glandular hairs which become stiff spines on the mature fruit; leaf bases cordate to deeply cordate (rarely truncate or cuneate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 190-230º, moderately to sparsely silvery-pilose beneath, usually on the surface as well as on the veins and in the vein axils; stamens at full anthesis equaling the petals
Ovary with glandular hairs which become stiff spines on the mature fruit; leaf bases cordate to deeply cordate (rarely truncate or cuneate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 190-230º, moderately to sparsely silvery-pilose beneath, usually on the surface as well as on the veins and in the vein axils; stamens at full anthesis equaling the petals
Ribes
Ovary and fruit glabrous; leaf bases rounded or cuneate (rarely truncate or cordate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 130-170º, glabrescent to sparsely pubescent beneath (mostly on the veins and in the vein axils); stamens at full anthesis exceeding the petals
Ovary and fruit glabrous; leaf bases rounded or cuneate (rarely truncate or cordate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 130-170º, glabrescent to sparsely pubescent beneath (mostly on the veins and in the vein axils); stamens at full anthesis exceeding the petals
Heuchera
At the onset of anthesis stamens exserted 0.2-1.5 mm beyond the calyx and styles included or exserted up to 1.1 mm beyond the calyx; calyx subglobose
At the onset of anthesis stamens exserted 0.2-1.5 mm beyond the calyx and styles included or exserted up to 1.1 mm beyond the calyx; calyx subglobose
Heuchera
At the onset of anthesis the stamens exserted 3 mm or more beyond the calyx and styles exserted 2.6 mm or more beyond the calyx; calyx urceolate or campanulate.
At the onset of anthesis the stamens exserted 3 mm or more beyond the calyx and styles exserted 2.6 mm or more beyond the calyx; calyx urceolate or campanulate.
Leucaena
Young shoots, leaves, and unripe legumes densely white velutinous; heads 12-17 mm in diameter at anthesis, with < 125 flowers per head; mature legumes 9-13 cm long, 13-18 mm wide; fruit stipe 7-10 mm long
Young shoots, leaves, and unripe legumes densely white velutinous; heads 12-17 mm in diameter at anthesis, with < 125 flowers per head; mature legumes 9-13 cm long, 13-18 mm wide; fruit stipe 7-10 mm long
Leucaena
Young shoots, leaves, and unripe legumes glabrous; heads > 18 mm in diameter at anthesis, with > 120 flowers per head; mature legumes 12-19 cm long, 18-21 mm wide; fruit stipe 10-20 mm long
Young shoots, leaves, and unripe legumes glabrous; heads > 18 mm in diameter at anthesis, with > 120 flowers per head; mature legumes 12-19 cm long, 18-21 mm wide; fruit stipe 10-20 mm long
Galactia
Calyx lobes greenish-yellow to tan on inner surface when dry; corollas light whitish to blue, pinkish, or purplish when dry, not persisting after anthesis.
Calyx lobes greenish-yellow to tan on inner surface when dry; corollas light whitish to blue, pinkish, or purplish when dry, not persisting after anthesis.
Rhynchosia
Calyx 10-14 mm long; inflorescence (including peduncle) 5-25 cm at anthesis, elongating further in fruit, with flowers scattered; [MS and w. TN westward]
Calyx 10-14 mm long; inflorescence (including peduncle) 5-25 cm at anthesis, elongating further in fruit, with flowers scattered; [MS and w. TN westward]
Rhynchosia
Calyx 7-10 (-12) mm long; inflorescence (including peduncle) 1-2 cm long at anthesis, elongating to 4 (-8) cm, the flowers tightly packed; [collectively widespread in our area].
Calyx 7-10 (-12) mm long; inflorescence (including peduncle) 1-2 cm long at anthesis, elongating to 4 (-8) cm, the flowers tightly packed; [collectively widespread in our area].
Robinia
Leaflets usually 13-21, permanently but inconspicuously appressed-pubescent beneath; bracts (evident only before anthesis) aristate; plants never with long, hispid pubescence.
Leaflets usually 13-21, permanently but inconspicuously appressed-pubescent beneath; bracts (evident only before anthesis) aristate; plants never with long, hispid pubescence.
Robinia
Leaflets usually 9-13, initially appressed-silky but later glabrate beneath; bracts (evident only before anthesis) not aristate; plants with or without sparse, long, hispid pubescence.
Leaflets usually 9-13, initially appressed-silky but later glabrate beneath; bracts (evident only before anthesis) not aristate; plants with or without sparse, long, hispid pubescence.
Senega
Leaves basally disposed (with basal rosette, this sometimes withering by anthesis or later) and also alternate stem leaves; leaves fleshy (when fresh); fresh flowers orange, yellow, greenish-yellow, or greenish white (if greenish white, then the inflorescence a terminal many-branched corymb); pedicels winged; [section Decurrentes].
Leaves basally disposed (with basal rosette, this sometimes withering by anthesis or later) and also alternate stem leaves; leaves fleshy (when fresh); fresh flowers orange, yellow, greenish-yellow, or greenish white (if greenish white, then the inflorescence a terminal many-branched corymb); pedicels winged; [section Decurrentes].
Geum
Portion of the style above the kink 1-2 mm long; calyx reflexed soon after anthesis, the calyx lobes 3-9 mm long, green; petals white, cream, or yellow; lower portion of style glabrous or with long, eglandular hairs.
Portion of the style above the kink 1-2 mm long; calyx reflexed soon after anthesis, the calyx lobes 3-9 mm long, green; petals white, cream, or yellow; lower portion of style glabrous or with long, eglandular hairs.
Circaea
Flowers opening after elongation of the raceme axis, more or less loosely spaced, borne on spreading pedicels; plants (12-) 20-100 cm tall; fruits obovoid to pyriform, 2.8-3.9 (-4.5) mm long, 1.5-3.6 mm thick, 2-locular, or the fruits sterile and aborting shortly after anthesis, 1-2-locular when present.
Flowers opening after elongation of the raceme axis, more or less loosely spaced, borne on spreading pedicels; plants (12-) 20-100 cm tall; fruits obovoid to pyriform, 2.8-3.9 (-4.5) mm long, 1.5-3.6 mm thick, 2-locular, or the fruits sterile and aborting shortly after anthesis, 1-2-locular when present.
Circaea
All ovaries aborting shortly after anthesis (very rarely a few persistent after anthesis); fruit (when somewhat persistent) with low ribs and shallow grooves
All ovaries aborting shortly after anthesis (very rarely a few persistent after anthesis); fruit (when somewhat persistent) with low ribs and shallow grooves
Malvaceae
Calyx spathe-like, soon falling after anthesis; capsules elongate and long-tipped; [subfamily Malvoideae; tribe Hibisceae]
Calyx spathe-like, soon falling after anthesis; capsules elongate and long-tipped; [subfamily Malvoideae; tribe Hibisceae]
Malva
Stems prostrate to ascending, to 5 dm long; leaf blades 1.5-5 cm long, planar; flowers (at anthesis) mostly on pedicels longer than the calyx.
Stems prostrate to ascending, to 5 dm long; leaf blades 1.5-5 cm long, planar; flowers (at anthesis) mostly on pedicels longer than the calyx.
Polygonella
Style and stigma (0.4-) 0.5-0.8 (-1.0) mm long at anthesis; inner sepals (1.7-) 1.9-2.5 (-2.9) mm long in flower, (3.1-) 3.3-4.7 (-6.0) mm long in fruit; perennial; leaves very numerous, (4.0-) 5.2-12.0 (-19.0) mm long, 0.5-0.9 (-1.2) mm wide, nearly as thick as wide.
Style and stigma (0.4-) 0.5-0.8 (-1.0) mm long at anthesis; inner sepals (1.7-) 1.9-2.5 (-2.9) mm long in flower, (3.1-) 3.3-4.7 (-6.0) mm long in fruit; perennial; leaves very numerous, (4.0-) 5.2-12.0 (-19.0) mm long, 0.5-0.9 (-1.2) mm wide, nearly as thick as wide.
Polygonella
Style and stigma 0-0.1 (-0.2) mm long at anthesis; inner sepals (0.6-) 0.7-1.8 (-2.3) mm long at anthesis, (1.6-) 1.7-2.8 (-3.6) mm in fruit; annual or perennial; leaves (2.5-) 4.4-39.0 (-65.0) mm long, (0.3-) 0.6-5.0 (-8.0) mm wide, wider than thick.
Style and stigma 0-0.1 (-0.2) mm long at anthesis; inner sepals (0.6-) 0.7-1.8 (-2.3) mm long at anthesis, (1.6-) 1.7-2.8 (-3.6) mm in fruit; annual or perennial; leaves (2.5-) 4.4-39.0 (-65.0) mm long, (0.3-) 0.6-5.0 (-8.0) mm wide, wider than thick.
Polygonella
Leaves (0.4-) 0.6-1.0 (-1.2) mm wide; flowers exserted from the ocreolae on pedicels (0.9-) 1.3-1.7 (-2.1) mm long at anthesis; [of the outer Coastal Plain of ne. NC and e.VA northward]
Leaves (0.4-) 0.6-1.0 (-1.2) mm wide; flowers exserted from the ocreolae on pedicels (0.9-) 1.3-1.7 (-2.1) mm long at anthesis; [of the outer Coastal Plain of ne. NC and e.VA northward]
Polygonella
Leaves (0.8-) 1.0-5.0 (-8.0) mm wide; flowers barely exserted from the ocreolae on pedicels ca. 0.1 mm long at anthesis; [of the outer Coastal Plain of se. SC southward]
Leaves (0.8-) 1.0-5.0 (-8.0) mm wide; flowers barely exserted from the ocreolae on pedicels ca. 0.1 mm long at anthesis; [of the outer Coastal Plain of se. SC southward]
Caryophyllaceae
Styles mostly 3; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth; calyx tubular or campanulate at anthesis, not greatly inflated (except in S. vulgaris)
Styles mostly 3; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth; calyx tubular or campanulate at anthesis, not greatly inflated (except in S. vulgaris)
Caryophyllaceae
Styles mostly 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth; calyx tubular at anthesis, becoming strongly inflated later in S. dioica and S. latifolia.
Styles mostly 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth; calyx tubular at anthesis, becoming strongly inflated later in S. dioica and S. latifolia.
Silene
Styles mostly 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth; calyx tubular at anthesis, becoming strongly inflated later in S. dioica and S. latifolia.
Styles mostly 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth; calyx tubular at anthesis, becoming strongly inflated later in S. dioica and S. latifolia.
Silene
Styles mostly 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth; calyx tubular at anthesis, becoming strongly inflated later in S. dioica and S. latifolia.
Styles mostly 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth; calyx tubular at anthesis, becoming strongly inflated later in S. dioica and S. latifolia.
Silene
Styles mostly 3; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth; calyx tubular or campanulate at anthesis, not greatly inflated (except in S. vulgaris).
Styles mostly 3; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth; calyx tubular or campanulate at anthesis, not greatly inflated (except in S. vulgaris).
Silene
Styles mostly 3; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth; calyx tubular or campanulate at anthesis, not greatly inflated (except in S. vulgaris).
Styles mostly 3; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth; calyx tubular or campanulate at anthesis, not greatly inflated (except in S. vulgaris).
Gentiana
Anthers separate at anthesis; outer surfaces of petals suffused with green; calyx lobes linear-subulate, about as long as the tube; corolla lobes 6-14 mm long, about 2× as long as the free portions of the corolla appendages
Anthers separate at anthesis; outer surfaces of petals suffused with green; calyx lobes linear-subulate, about as long as the tube; corolla lobes 6-14 mm long, about 2× as long as the free portions of the corolla appendages
Gentiana
Anthers connate at anthesis; outer surfaces of petals not suffused with green; calyx lobes various; corolla lobes usually shorter.
Anthers connate at anthesis; outer surfaces of petals not suffused with green; calyx lobes various; corolla lobes usually shorter.
Gonolobus
Upper surface of corolla lobes uniformly colored, olive green at anthesis, glabrous; laminar dorsal anther appendage yellow, apex rounded or truncate; [c. KY, e. TN, nw. AL westward]
Upper surface of corolla lobes uniformly colored, olive green at anthesis, glabrous; laminar dorsal anther appendage yellow, apex rounded or truncate; [c. KY, e. TN, nw. AL westward]
Gonolobus
Upper surface of corolla lobes multi-colored, generally dark maroon to brownish near the base and green to yellowish near the tips at anthesis (or uniformly yellowish-green to neon green in rare mutants), pubescent or glabrous; laminar dorsal anther appendage darkly purplish or maroonish tinted, apex bilobed to emarginate; [se. VA south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. MS and inland to nw. GA; very rarely west of the Mississippi River (in AR)]
Upper surface of corolla lobes multi-colored, generally dark maroon to brownish near the base and green to yellowish near the tips at anthesis (or uniformly yellowish-green to neon green in rare mutants), pubescent or glabrous; laminar dorsal anther appendage darkly purplish or maroonish tinted, apex bilobed to emarginate; [se. VA south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. MS and inland to nw. GA; very rarely west of the Mississippi River (in AR)]
Phacelia
Pubescence of the stems, peduncles, and pedicels spreading; calyx lobes spreading at anthesis
Pubescence of the stems, peduncles, and pedicels spreading; calyx lobes spreading at anthesis
Phacelia
Pubescence of the stems, peduncles, and pedicels appressed; calyx lobes ascending or erect at anthesis.
Ipomoea
Sepals < 2 cm long at anthesis, abruptly narrowed upwards, the long subacute tips strongly spreading or recurved outwards; corolla < 3.5 cm long; peduncles very short.
Sepals < 2 cm long at anthesis, abruptly narrowed upwards, the long subacute tips strongly spreading or recurved outwards; corolla < 3.5 cm long; peduncles very short.
Ipomoea
Sepals ca. 3 cm long at anthesis, gradually narrowed upwards, the long acute tips suberect, straight, scarcely spreading; corolla 4-4.5 cm long; peduncles long or short
Sepals ca. 3 cm long at anthesis, gradually narrowed upwards, the long acute tips suberect, straight, scarcely spreading; corolla 4-4.5 cm long; peduncles long or short
Capsicum
Pedicel of mature fruit with constriction (waist) at junction with calyx; pedicels declining or erect at anthesis; corolla lobes planar; [habanero, scotch bonnet]
Pedicel of mature fruit with constriction (waist) at junction with calyx; pedicels declining or erect at anthesis; corolla lobes planar; [habanero, scotch bonnet]
Capsicum
Pedicel of mature fruit broadening evenly into the calyx, without constriction; pedicels erect at anthesis, the flower itself nodding; corolla lobes usually slightly revolute; [tabasco]
Pedicel of mature fruit broadening evenly into the calyx, without constriction; pedicels erect at anthesis, the flower itself nodding; corolla lobes usually slightly revolute; [tabasco]
Penstemon
Corollas purplish to lavender; sepals linear-lanceolate, straight and attenuate, 5-9 mm long at anthesis; anthers glabrous to papillose
Corollas purplish to lavender; sepals linear-lanceolate, straight and attenuate, 5-9 mm long at anthesis; anthers glabrous to papillose
Penstemon
Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs
Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs
Penstemon
Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs
Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs
Penstemon
Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs
Corollas white with purple lines; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-6.5 mm long at anthesis; anthers with several to many hairs
Linderniaceae
Fertile stamens 4; calyx lobes connate at anthesis for > ½ their length, later separating
Fertile stamens 4; calyx lobes connate at anthesis for > ½ their length, later separating
Lindernia
Fertile stamens 4; calyx lobes connate at anthesis for > ½ their length, later separating
Fertile stamens 4; calyx lobes connate at anthesis for > ½ their length, later separating
Lindernia
Capsule ovoid to ellipsoid, < 5× as long as its diameter; calyx lobes distinct to the base at anthesis and after.
Capsule ovoid to ellipsoid, < 5× as long as its diameter; calyx lobes distinct to the base at anthesis and after.
Hygrophila
Corolla purplish with white or yellow markings on the lower lip, (10-) 12-17 mm long; bracteoles lance-ovate to narrowly elliptic to linear, 6-15 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent with eglandular hairs (especially along the midvein; calyx 9-14 mm long at anthesis (to 15 mm long in fruit), the lower surface pubescent with eglandular hairs to 0.6 mm long (some at least of the hairs > 0.2 mm long)
Corolla purplish with white or yellow markings on the lower lip, (10-) 12-17 mm long; bracteoles lance-ovate to narrowly elliptic to linear, 6-15 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent with eglandular hairs (especially along the midvein; calyx 9-14 mm long at anthesis (to 15 mm long in fruit), the lower surface pubescent with eglandular hairs to 0.6 mm long (some at least of the hairs > 0.2 mm long)
Hygrophila
Corolla entirely white, 5.5-9 mm long; bracteoles subulate to lanceolate to linear, 2.2-5.5 (-7) mm long, the abaxial surface glabrous; calyx 5-7 mm long during anthesis (to 9 mm long in fruit), the lower surface glabrous or pubescent with hairs < 0.2 mm long
Corolla entirely white, 5.5-9 mm long; bracteoles subulate to lanceolate to linear, 2.2-5.5 (-7) mm long, the abaxial surface glabrous; calyx 5-7 mm long during anthesis (to 9 mm long in fruit), the lower surface glabrous or pubescent with hairs < 0.2 mm long
Physostegia
Leaves (some of them) present at or after anthesis usually petiolate, the petioles often > 2 cm long, the petiolate leaves typically the lowest and among the largest leaves present
Leaves (some of them) present at or after anthesis usually petiolate, the petioles often > 2 cm long, the petiolate leaves typically the lowest and among the largest leaves present
Physostegia
Leaves present at or after anthesis usually sessile (rarely a few petiolate, but these with petioles < 2 cm long and the petiolate leaves usually not among the largest leaves present)
Leaves present at or after anthesis usually sessile (rarely a few petiolate, but these with petioles < 2 cm long and the petiolate leaves usually not among the largest leaves present)
Physostegia
Raceme axis densely tomentose, the hairs mostly 0.2-0.3 mm long; calyx lobes at anthesis generally 2-3 mm long, attenuate or cuspidate
Raceme axis densely tomentose, the hairs mostly 0.2-0.3 mm long; calyx lobes at anthesis generally 2-3 mm long, attenuate or cuspidate
Physostegia
Raceme axis puberulent to pubescent, the hairs almost all < 0.2 mm long; calyx lobes at anthesis generally 1-2 mm long, mostly acute
Raceme axis puberulent to pubescent, the hairs almost all < 0.2 mm long; calyx lobes at anthesis generally 1-2 mm long, mostly acute
Agastache
Corolla yellow or greenish-yellow; calyx lobes obtuse or subacute, 1-1.5 mm long at anthesis; calyx lobes and bracts green; midstem internodes glabrous or minutely pubescent; lower surface of the leaf pubescent on the veins and surface
Corolla yellow or greenish-yellow; calyx lobes obtuse or subacute, 1-1.5 mm long at anthesis; calyx lobes and bracts green; midstem internodes glabrous or minutely pubescent; lower surface of the leaf pubescent on the veins and surface
Agastache
Corolla pinkish, purple, or rose; calyx lobes acute or acuminate, 1.5-2.5 mm long at anthesis; calyx lobes and bracts with white or pink margins; midstem internodes at least sparsely long-pubescent; lower surface of the leaf pubescent mainly on the veins.
Corolla pinkish, purple, or rose; calyx lobes acute or acuminate, 1.5-2.5 mm long at anthesis; calyx lobes and bracts with white or pink margins; midstem internodes at least sparsely long-pubescent; lower surface of the leaf pubescent mainly on the veins.
Aureolaria
Capsules densely pubescent; inflorescence, pedicels, and/or calyx pubescent with dingy, nonglandular hairs; pedicels 1-3 mm at anthesis; flowering May-Jul
Capsules densely pubescent; inflorescence, pedicels, and/or calyx pubescent with dingy, nonglandular hairs; pedicels 1-3 mm at anthesis; flowering May-Jul
Aureolaria
Capsule glabrous; inflorescence, pedicels, and calyx glabrous (or pubescent with white nonglandular hairs); pedicels 1-25 mm long at anthesis; flowering Aug-Oct.
Capsule glabrous; inflorescence, pedicels, and calyx glabrous (or pubescent with white nonglandular hairs); pedicels 1-25 mm long at anthesis; flowering Aug-Oct.
Aureolaria
Lower leaves entire to serrate (or with only a few shallow lobes at the base of the leaf); pedicels 1-8 mm long at anthesis, straight; corolla 3.0-4.0 cm long; capsule 10-15 mm long; stem not glaucous
Lower leaves entire to serrate (or with only a few shallow lobes at the base of the leaf); pedicels 1-8 mm long at anthesis, straight; corolla 3.0-4.0 cm long; capsule 10-15 mm long; stem not glaucous
Aureolaria
Lower leaves pinnately lobed, the lobes themselves usually serrate, the sinuses extending over half of the distance to the midrib; pedicels 4-25 mm long at anthesis, upwardly curved; corolla 3.5-6 cm long; capsule 12-20 mm long; stem slightly to strongly glaucous.
Lower leaves pinnately lobed, the lobes themselves usually serrate, the sinuses extending over half of the distance to the midrib; pedicels 4-25 mm long at anthesis, upwardly curved; corolla 3.5-6 cm long; capsule 12-20 mm long; stem slightly to strongly glaucous.
Wahlenbergia
Hypanthium narrowly obconic to nearly cylindric, 3.5-4.5 mm long at anthesis, lengthening to as much as 12 mm in fruit; fruit opening by 2 terminal pores; perennial
Hypanthium narrowly obconic to nearly cylindric, 3.5-4.5 mm long at anthesis, lengthening to as much as 12 mm in fruit; fruit opening by 2 terminal pores; perennial
Wahlenbergia
Hypanthium ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.5-3 mm long at anthesis, lengthening to as much as 7.5 mm in fruit; fruit opening by 3 terminal pores; annual
Hypanthium ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.5-3 mm long at anthesis, lengthening to as much as 7.5 mm in fruit; fruit opening by 3 terminal pores; annual
Asteraceae
Heads small, less than 1 cm in diameter at anthesis (the female heads enlarging in Xanthium); disc florets dull white or suffused with green or purple; florets mainly unisexual (either in the same heads and then males central and females peripheral, or in separate female and male heads); female florets 0-8 per head; [tribe Heliantheae; subtribe Ambrosiinae].
Heads small, less than 1 cm in diameter at anthesis (the female heads enlarging in Xanthium); disc florets dull white or suffused with green or purple; florets mainly unisexual (either in the same heads and then males central and females peripheral, or in separate female and male heads); female florets 0-8 per head; [tribe Heliantheae; subtribe Ambrosiinae].
Asteraceae
Heads larger, mostly > 1 cm in diameter at anthesis; disc florets conspicuously white, yellow, pale yellow, or purple; florets mainly bisexual; female florets > 12 per head (except 2-8 in Polymnia and 8-15 in Verbesina occidentalis).
Heads larger, mostly > 1 cm in diameter at anthesis; disc florets conspicuously white, yellow, pale yellow, or purple; florets mainly bisexual; female florets > 12 per head (except 2-8 in Polymnia and 8-15 in Verbesina occidentalis).
Coreopsis
Basal/lower leaves (at least 4 nodes) absent at anthesis; mid-cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, or broadly to narrowly elliptical; achene awns 0.2-1.0 mm long; flowering Sep-Oct; [swamp forests and streamside openings, fresh-tidal creek margins; or wet calcareous savannas]; [from se. NC south to n. FL].
Basal/lower leaves (at least 4 nodes) absent at anthesis; mid-cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, or broadly to narrowly elliptical; achene awns 0.2-1.0 mm long; flowering Sep-Oct; [swamp forests and streamside openings, fresh-tidal creek margins; or wet calcareous savannas]; [from se. NC south to n. FL].
Coreopsis
Basal/lower leaves present at anthesis; leaves rapidly reduced upward such that mid-cauline leaves are narrow or slender; achene awns 0.5-1.5 mm long; flowering early May-early Nov; [wet savannas, seepage slopes, pitcher-plant bogs, streamhead ecotones, pocosin ecotones]; [collectively more widespread].
Basal/lower leaves present at anthesis; leaves rapidly reduced upward such that mid-cauline leaves are narrow or slender; achene awns 0.5-1.5 mm long; flowering early May-early Nov; [wet savannas, seepage slopes, pitcher-plant bogs, streamhead ecotones, pocosin ecotones]; [collectively more widespread].
Emilia
Leaf blades of the lower stem entire to dentate (rarely lobed); involucre broadly cylindrical, typically 1.5-2 times as long as wide at anthesis; corolla pink to red or lobes pinkish and tube yellowish, the lobes 0.8-1.7 mm long, exserted up to 4 mm beyond the involucre; style whitish yellow to yellow-orange; pollen yellow-orange.
Leaf blades of the lower stem entire to dentate (rarely lobed); involucre broadly cylindrical, typically 1.5-2 times as long as wide at anthesis; corolla pink to red or lobes pinkish and tube yellowish, the lobes 0.8-1.7 mm long, exserted up to 4 mm beyond the involucre; style whitish yellow to yellow-orange; pollen yellow-orange.
Emilia
Leaf blades of the lower stem lyrate-pinnatifid to lobate; involucre narrowly cylindrical, typically 2-3× as long as wide at anthesis; corolla pink to purplish (rarely red), the lobes 0.5-0.7 mm long (1.1-1.5 mm long in the Asian variety javanica), exserted only up to 2 mm beyond the involucre; style whitish pink to pink; pollen white Leaves mostly on the lower portion of the stem, the larger lyrate-pinnatifid and petiolate; corollas lilac; involucre 3-4× as high as wide; flowers exserted < 2 mm beyond the involucre
Leaf blades of the lower stem lyrate-pinnatifid to lobate; involucre narrowly cylindrical, typically 2-3× as long as wide at anthesis; corolla pink to purplish (rarely red), the lobes 0.5-0.7 mm long (1.1-1.5 mm long in the Asian variety javanica), exserted only up to 2 mm beyond the involucre; style whitish pink to pink; pollen white Leaves mostly on the lower portion of the stem, the larger lyrate-pinnatifid and petiolate; corollas lilac; involucre 3-4× as high as wide; flowers exserted < 2 mm beyond the involucre
Eutrochium
Leaves ovate to broadly elliptical, the apex acute to obtuse; leaf teeth acute to blunt, 1-serrate; leaf lower surface densely softly lanulose on the surface and the veins; achenes with many long-papillate glands at anthesis; [apparently narrowly distributed in the Piedmont of NC, SC, and GA]
Leaves ovate to broadly elliptical, the apex acute to obtuse; leaf teeth acute to blunt, 1-serrate; leaf lower surface densely softly lanulose on the surface and the veins; achenes with many long-papillate glands at anthesis; [apparently narrowly distributed in the Piedmont of NC, SC, and GA]
Eutrochium
Leaves broadly lanceolate to ovate, the apex acuminate to acute; leaf teeth sharply 1-2-serrate; leaf lower surface usually glabrate (slightly to densely softly lanulose on the veins only, or densely lanulose across the surface in var. holzingeri, distributed in the western part of our region); achenes with sparse to medium short-papillate glands at anthesis; [widespread in our area].
Leaves broadly lanceolate to ovate, the apex acuminate to acute; leaf teeth sharply 1-2-serrate; leaf lower surface usually glabrate (slightly to densely softly lanulose on the veins only, or densely lanulose across the surface in var. holzingeri, distributed in the western part of our region); achenes with sparse to medium short-papillate glands at anthesis; [widespread in our area].
Gamochaeta
Basal and proximal cauline leaves usually withering before anthesis (clusters of smaller leaves usually present in cauline axils); stems erect or ascending; plants (30-) 50-85 cm; apices of inner phyllaries acute-acuminate; flowering mostly Jul-Aug
Basal and proximal cauline leaves usually withering before anthesis (clusters of smaller leaves usually present in cauline axils); stems erect or ascending; plants (30-) 50-85 cm; apices of inner phyllaries acute-acuminate; flowering mostly Jul-Aug
Gamochaeta
Basal and proximal cauline leaves present or not at anthesis; stems erect to decumbent-ascending; plants mostly 10-50 cm; apices of inner phyllaries acute to obtuse, rounded, or blunt; flowering mostly Apr-Jun (-Jul in G. calviceps).
Basal and proximal cauline leaves present or not at anthesis; stems erect to decumbent-ascending; plants mostly 10-50 cm; apices of inner phyllaries acute to obtuse, rounded, or blunt; flowering mostly Apr-Jun (-Jul in G. calviceps).
Helenium
Disc corollas yellow, the lobes yellow or yellow-brown; lower and basal leaves usually withered at anthesis; lower leaves usually entire (rarely toothed); basal leaves entire to toothed (rarely pinnatifid)
Disc corollas yellow, the lobes yellow or yellow-brown; lower and basal leaves usually withered at anthesis; lower leaves usually entire (rarely toothed); basal leaves entire to toothed (rarely pinnatifid)
Helianthus
Leaves cauline, plants leafy the length of the stem, the stem leaves many (with 10 or more nodes below the inflorescence), basal leaves lacking (at least at anthesis).
Leaves cauline, plants leafy the length of the stem, the stem leaves many (with 10 or more nodes below the inflorescence), basal leaves lacking (at least at anthesis).
Hypochaeris
Flowers yellow; corolla tubes > 2× as long as the ligule; middle and outer phyllaries hispid; heads usually 5-8 mm across at anthesis, the involucre campanulate
Flowers yellow; corolla tubes > 2× as long as the ligule; middle and outer phyllaries hispid; heads usually 5-8 mm across at anthesis, the involucre campanulate
Hypochaeris
Flowers white; corolla tubes < 2× as long as the ligule; middle and outer phyllaries glabrous or puberulent; heads usually 2-4 mm wide at anthesis, the involucre cylindric
Flowers white; corolla tubes < 2× as long as the ligule; middle and outer phyllaries glabrous or puberulent; heads usually 2-4 mm wide at anthesis, the involucre cylindric
Verbesina
Heads few, 1-15 (-20) in a compact inflorescence; disc 7-16 mm wide at anthesis; ray flowers (5-) 7-15, yellow; plants 5-12 dm tall
Heads few, 1-15 (-20) in a compact inflorescence; disc 7-16 mm wide at anthesis; ray flowers (5-) 7-15, yellow; plants 5-12 dm tall
Verbesina
Heads numerous, 10-200+ in a dense to open inflorescence; disc 3-15 mm wide at anthesis; ray flowers either absent, or 1-5 and white, or 2-10 and yellow; plants 10-40 dm tall.
Heads numerous, 10-200+ in a dense to open inflorescence; disc 3-15 mm wide at anthesis; ray flowers either absent, or 1-5 and white, or 2-10 and yellow; plants 10-40 dm tall.
Bupleurum
Bractlets (1/5-) 1/4-3/4 as wide as long, enclosing buds and fruits before and after anthesis, ± scarious or shining at anthesis; [section Aristata, subsection Aristata]
Bractlets (1/5-) 1/4-3/4 as wide as long, enclosing buds and fruits before and after anthesis, ± scarious or shining at anthesis; [section Aristata, subsection Aristata]
Hymenocallis
Free filaments 1.5-3 cm long; anthers 12-15 mm long; longest leaf at anthesis < 4 dm long; [Wakulla County, FL Panhandle]
Free filaments 1.5-3 cm long; anthers 12-15 mm long; longest leaf at anthesis < 4 dm long; [Wakulla County, FL Panhandle]
Hymenocallis
Free filaments 2-4 cm long; anthers 15-20 mm long; longest leaf at anthesis > 4 dm long; [c. and s. FL peninsula]
Free filaments 2-4 cm long; anthers 15-20 mm long; longest leaf at anthesis > 4 dm long; [c. and s. FL peninsula]
Hymenocallis
Free filaments 2-4 cm long; anthers 15-20 mm long; longest leaf at anthesis > 4 dm long; [c. and s. FL peninsula]
Free filaments 2-4 cm long; anthers 15-20 mm long; longest leaf at anthesis > 4 dm long; [c. and s. FL peninsula]
Erythronium
Tepals strongly reflexed at anthesis; leaf blade mottled, 1.3-4.0 cm wide, flat or nearly so; capsules held erect; [usually of mesic forests]
Tepals strongly reflexed at anthesis; leaf blade mottled, 1.3-4.0 cm wide, flat or nearly so; capsules held erect; [usually of mesic forests]
Erythronium
Tepals spreading at anthesis (or the outer somewhat reflexed); leaf blade usually unmottled, 0.5-2.0 cm wide, folded and V-shaped in ×-section; capsules resting on the ground; [usually of dry or dry-mesic woodlands, prairies, and glades]
Tepals spreading at anthesis (or the outer somewhat reflexed); leaf blade usually unmottled, 0.5-2.0 cm wide, folded and V-shaped in ×-section; capsules resting on the ground; [usually of dry or dry-mesic woodlands, prairies, and glades]
Spiranthes
Leaves ovate to obovate or elliptic, spreading, present or absent at anthesis; lateral sepals acuminate, white throughout; flowering Jul-Sep.
Leaves ovate to obovate or elliptic, spreading, present or absent at anthesis; lateral sepals acuminate, white throughout; flowering Jul-Sep.
Spiranthes
Leaves oblanceolate, withering at anthesis; lateral sepals spatulate, green at base; flowering Feb-May
Leaves oblanceolate, withering at anthesis; lateral sepals spatulate, green at base; flowering Feb-May
Spiranthes
Flowers laxly arranged on spike (ratio of spike length in mm: flower number ≥ 2.3); inflorescence capitate-pubescent; leaves usually persisting through anthesis; flowering earlier, mostly Jul
Flowers laxly arranged on spike (ratio of spike length in mm: flower number ≥ 2.3); inflorescence capitate-pubescent; leaves usually persisting through anthesis; flowering earlier, mostly Jul
Spiranthes
Flowers densely arranged on the spike (ratio of spike length in mm: flower number < 2.3); plants glabrous or occasionally sparsely pubescent above; leaves usually absent at anthesis; flowering later, mostly Aug-Sep
Flowers densely arranged on the spike (ratio of spike length in mm: flower number < 2.3); plants glabrous or occasionally sparsely pubescent above; leaves usually absent at anthesis; flowering later, mostly Aug-Sep
Persicaria
Leaves rhombic, bases cuneate, apices acute, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, purple blotch absent or faint, marginal bristles 0.1-0.3 mm long; inflorescences dense, fascicles congested (interrupted basally); pedicels included; proximal bracteole bristles surpassing the adjacent flowers; tepals dark pink, closed at anthesis; achenes < 2 mm long
Leaves rhombic, bases cuneate, apices acute, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, purple blotch absent or faint, marginal bristles 0.1-0.3 mm long; inflorescences dense, fascicles congested (interrupted basally); pedicels included; proximal bracteole bristles surpassing the adjacent flowers; tepals dark pink, closed at anthesis; achenes < 2 mm long
Persicaria
Leaves elliptic, bases rounded and abruptly cuneate to the petiole, apices caudate, adaxial and abaxial surfaces strigose, purple lunate blotch conspicuous and present at maturity, marginal bristles 0.5 mm long; inflorescences lax, fascicles remote; pedicels exserted; proximal bracteole bristles scarcely reaching the base of the tepals; tepals pale pink to white, open at anthesis; achenes > 2 mm long
Leaves elliptic, bases rounded and abruptly cuneate to the petiole, apices caudate, adaxial and abaxial surfaces strigose, purple lunate blotch conspicuous and present at maturity, marginal bristles 0.5 mm long; inflorescences lax, fascicles remote; pedicels exserted; proximal bracteole bristles scarcely reaching the base of the tepals; tepals pale pink to white, open at anthesis; achenes > 2 mm long
Hymenocallis
Leaves fresh at anthesis
Leaves fresh at anthesis
Hymenocallis
Leaves fresh at anthesis
Leaves fresh at anthesis
Hymenocallis
Leaves withered at anthesis
Leaves withered at anthesis
Hymenocallis
Leaves withered at anthesis
Leaves withered at anthesis
Asimina
Outer petals 4-8 cm long at peak anthesis; outer petals white; [collectively of n. FL (Levy, Alachua, and Putnam counties) northwards and westwards to e. SC, s. GA, s. AL and FL Panhandle].
Outer petals 4-8 cm long at peak anthesis; outer petals white; [collectively of n. FL (Levy, Alachua, and Putnam counties) northwards and westwards to e. SC, s. GA, s. AL and FL Panhandle].
Asimina
Outer petals 2-3.5 cm long at peak anthesis; outer petals cream yellow to reddish purple; [Manatee and Sarasota counties, wc. peninsular FL]
Outer petals 2-3.5 cm long at peak anthesis; outer petals cream yellow to reddish purple; [Manatee and Sarasota counties, wc. peninsular FL]
Tillandsia
Inflorescence broadly elliptic in outline; base of floral bracts not visible at anthesis
Inflorescence broadly elliptic in outline; base of floral bracts not visible at anthesis
Tillandsia
Inflorescence linear to narrowly elliptic in outline; base of floral bracts visible at anthesis
Inflorescence linear to narrowly elliptic in outline; base of floral bracts visible at anthesis
Tillandsia
Floral bracts imbricate, broad, covering all or most of the rachis (the rachis not visible at anthesis).
Floral bracts imbricate, broad, covering all or most of the rachis (the rachis not visible at anthesis).
Tillandsia
Floral bracts spreading and/or small, exposing most of the rachis at anthesis.
Floral bracts spreading and/or small, exposing most of the rachis at anthesis.
Delphinium
Leaves mainly basal and in the lower 1/3 of the stem at anthesis (basal leaves 0-7); follicles 11-22 mm long; flowering Mar-mid-Jun.
Leaves mainly basal and in the lower 1/3 of the stem at anthesis (basal leaves 0-7); follicles 11-22 mm long; flowering Mar-mid-Jun.
Delphinium
Leaves mainly in the upper 2/3 of the stem at anthesis (basal leaves absent); follicles 8-12 mm long; flowering late Jun-early Jul
Leaves mainly in the upper 2/3 of the stem at anthesis (basal leaves absent); follicles 8-12 mm long; flowering late Jun-early Jul
Delphinium
Lower stem pubescent; sepals puberulent; stem leaves 1-8 at anthesis; sepals deep blue, bluish purple, pink, or white; [widespread in our area, especially inland provinces and rarely Coastal Plain].
Lower stem pubescent; sepals puberulent; stem leaves 1-8 at anthesis; sepals deep blue, bluish purple, pink, or white; [widespread in our area, especially inland provinces and rarely Coastal Plain].
Delphinium
Lower stem glabrous and glaucous; sepals glabrous; stem leaves 1-3 at anthesis; sepals medium bright blue; [Ozarks of s. MO and n. AR]
Lower stem glabrous and glaucous; sepals glabrous; stem leaves 1-3 at anthesis; sepals medium bright blue; [Ozarks of s. MO and n. AR]
Polygonella
Ocreolae encircling the rachis of the raceme, attached at base only; racemes (9.0-) 14.0- 33.0 (-45.0) mm long, bearing (5-) 6-9 (-13) ocreolae per 5 mm of length; outer sepals (0.7-) 0.8-1.3 (-1.5) mm long at anthesis; [FL peninsula]
Ocreolae encircling the rachis of the raceme, attached at base only; racemes (9.0-) 14.0- 33.0 (-45.0) mm long, bearing (5-) 6-9 (-13) ocreolae per 5 mm of length; outer sepals (0.7-) 0.8-1.3 (-1.5) mm long at anthesis; [FL peninsula]
Polygonella
Ocreolae not encircling the rachis of the raceme, attached at the sides and base; racemes 2.0 6.0 (-8.0) mm long, bearing (10-) 16-22 (-27) ocreolae per 5 mm of length; outer sepals 0.5-0.7 (-0.9) mm long at anthesis; [e. TX]
Ocreolae not encircling the rachis of the raceme, attached at the sides and base; racemes 2.0 6.0 (-8.0) mm long, bearing (10-) 16-22 (-27) ocreolae per 5 mm of length; outer sepals 0.5-0.7 (-0.9) mm long at anthesis; [e. TX]
Solanum
Peduncle in fruit slightly ascending, not deflexed downward; berries 8-14 mm in diameter; calyx lobes reflexed in fruit; style exserted 2-2.5 mm from the anther cone at anthesis; [coastal habitats, native in our area]
Peduncle in fruit slightly ascending, not deflexed downward; berries 8-14 mm in diameter; calyx lobes reflexed in fruit; style exserted 2-2.5 mm from the anther cone at anthesis; [coastal habitats, native in our area]
Solanum
Peduncle in fruit at right angles or more usually strongly deflexed downwards; berries 4-9 mm in diameter; calyx lobes appressed to surface of berry in fruit; styles exserted to 1.5 mm from the anther cone at anthesis; [adventive in our area]
Peduncle in fruit at right angles or more usually strongly deflexed downwards; berries 4-9 mm in diameter; calyx lobes appressed to surface of berry in fruit; styles exserted to 1.5 mm from the anther cone at anthesis; [adventive in our area]
Pontederiaceae
Free-floating aquatics, with inflated petioles; herbs stoloniferous; ligule flabellate, petioles generally inflated; inflorescences deflexed post-anthesis and in fruit, emerging from a non-inflated leaf-sheath, basal bract tubular; flowers ca. 4-6 cm in diameter, perianth loosely enclosing the developing fruit; seeds oblong
Free-floating aquatics, with inflated petioles; herbs stoloniferous; ligule flabellate, petioles generally inflated; inflorescences deflexed post-anthesis and in fruit, emerging from a non-inflated leaf-sheath, basal bract tubular; flowers ca. 4-6 cm in diameter, perianth loosely enclosing the developing fruit; seeds oblong
Pontederiaceae
Erect emergents, never with inflated petioles; herbs never producing stolons; ligule truncate; inflorescences erect at post-anthesis, emerging from an inflated leaf-sheath, basal bract flat; flowers ca. 2-3 cm in diameter, perianth tightly enclosing the developing fruit; seeds subglobose to broadly oblong
Erect emergents, never with inflated petioles; herbs never producing stolons; ligule truncate; inflorescences erect at post-anthesis, emerging from an inflated leaf-sheath, basal bract flat; flowers ca. 2-3 cm in diameter, perianth tightly enclosing the developing fruit; seeds subglobose to broadly oblong
Dalea
Spikes on peduncles 2015 cm long; bracts of the inflorescence 3-5 mm long, shorter than the calyces at anthesis and therefore not readily evident; leaflets < 3 mm wide; plants decumbent or erect; [nw. LA, se. OK, e. and c. TX]
Spikes on peduncles 2015 cm long; bracts of the inflorescence 3-5 mm long, shorter than the calyces at anthesis and therefore not readily evident; leaflets < 3 mm wide; plants decumbent or erect; [nw. LA, se. OK, e. and c. TX]
Dalea
Spikes subsessile or on peduncles to 3 cm long; bracts of the inflorescence 4-8 mm long, equaling or exceeding the calyces at anthesis and therefore evident; leaflets often > 3 mm wide; plants generally decumbent; [se. OK, sw. AR, and e. TX]
Spikes subsessile or on peduncles to 3 cm long; bracts of the inflorescence 4-8 mm long, equaling or exceeding the calyces at anthesis and therefore evident; leaflets often > 3 mm wide; plants generally decumbent; [se. OK, sw. AR, and e. TX]
Schoenocaulon
Flowers spaced along the axis after anthesis, usually 1-3 per cm of axis; [peninsular FL]
Flowers spaced along the axis after anthesis, usually 1-3 per cm of axis; [peninsular FL]
Chaptalia
Ligules of peripheral florets with a purple midstripe beneath at anthesis; disk florets (functionally staminate; ca. 25) more than twice as numerous as internal pistillate florets (5-11); leaves sessile; lower leaf surface densely white-tomentose; [e. NC south to s. FL, west to e. TX]
Ligules of peripheral florets with a purple midstripe beneath at anthesis; disk florets (functionally staminate; ca. 25) more than twice as numerous as internal pistillate florets (5-11); leaves sessile; lower leaf surface densely white-tomentose; [e. NC south to s. FL, west to e. TX]
Chaptalia
Ligules of peripheral florets when present uniformly cream colored on both sides at anthesis (aging to crimson); internal pistillate florets much more numerous than disk (perfect) florets; leaves sessile or petiolate; lower leaf surface thinly gray-tomentose; [c., se., and s. TX southwestwards].
Ligules of peripheral florets when present uniformly cream colored on both sides at anthesis (aging to crimson); internal pistillate florets much more numerous than disk (perfect) florets; leaves sessile or petiolate; lower leaf surface thinly gray-tomentose; [c., se., and s. TX southwestwards].
Crataegus
Inflorescence villous; bracteoles firm, persist through anthesis; leaves coarsely toothed
Inflorescence villous; bracteoles firm, persist through anthesis; leaves coarsely toothed
Sideroxylon
Branches differentiated into short shoots (bearing most leaves, with very short internodes) along long shoots; branches armed with thorns; ovary pubescent at anthesis (becoming glabrous in fruit); small trees or shrubs, less typically medium trees to 20 m tall; [collectively widespread in our region, including tropical s. FL].
Branches differentiated into short shoots (bearing most leaves, with very short internodes) along long shoots; branches armed with thorns; ovary pubescent at anthesis (becoming glabrous in fruit); small trees or shrubs, less typically medium trees to 20 m tall; [collectively widespread in our region, including tropical s. FL].
Bletia
Lateral petals spreading, not typically embracing (covering) column at anthesis; lateral petals undulate
Lateral petals spreading, not typically embracing (covering) column at anthesis; lateral petals undulate
Bletia
Lateral petals typically embracing (covering) column at anthesis; lateral petals not undulate.
Lateral petals typically embracing (covering) column at anthesis; lateral petals not undulate.
Eulophia
Leaves < 1.5 cm wide (or sometimes absent at anthesis); leaves 3-40 cm long; inflorescences 24-75 cm long.
Leaves < 1.5 cm wide (or sometimes absent at anthesis); leaves 3-40 cm long; inflorescences 24-75 cm long.
Ludwigia
Stems glabrous; emergent leaves with petioles 0.6-6 cm, blades (2-) 4-10cm, eglandular-mucronate, alternate; stamens subequal, anthers all 1.2-1.4 mm, stigmas well-exserted at anthesis; pedicels 3.5-9 cm, ovaries 14-20 mm; seeds 16-18 per locule; [widespread]
Stems glabrous; emergent leaves with petioles 0.6-6 cm, blades (2-) 4-10cm, eglandular-mucronate, alternate; stamens subequal, anthers all 1.2-1.4 mm, stigmas well-exserted at anthesis; pedicels 3.5-9 cm, ovaries 14-20 mm; seeds 16-18 per locule; [widespread]
Ludwigia
Stems glabrous or sparsely to densely villous; emergent leaves with petioles 0.3-2.8 cm, blades (0.4-) 0.8-6 (-9.5) cm, often glandular-mucronate, alternate or fascicled; stamens unequal, filaments of 2 different lengths and anthers of 2 different sizes, 0.5-2.2 mm, surrounding the stigmas at anthesis; pedicels 0.7-3.8 cm, ovaries 6-14 mm; seeds 7-15 per locule; [s. MS westward and southward].
Stems glabrous or sparsely to densely villous; emergent leaves with petioles 0.3-2.8 cm, blades (0.4-) 0.8-6 (-9.5) cm, often glandular-mucronate, alternate or fascicled; stamens unequal, filaments of 2 different lengths and anthers of 2 different sizes, 0.5-2.2 mm, surrounding the stigmas at anthesis; pedicels 0.7-3.8 cm, ovaries 6-14 mm; seeds 7-15 per locule; [s. MS westward and southward].
Oenothera
Stamens evenly distributed at anthesis; mature capsules ovoid; stems sparsely to densely strigillose [various habitats; LA eastward]
Stamens evenly distributed at anthesis; mature capsules ovoid; stems sparsely to densely strigillose [various habitats; LA eastward]
Oenothera
Stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower at anthesis; mature capsules narrowly ovoid or lanceoloid; stems sparsely strigillose to glabrate; [gypsum, caliche, and other arid calcareous substrates; c. and w. TX]
Stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower at anthesis; mature capsules narrowly ovoid or lanceoloid; stems sparsely strigillose to glabrate; [gypsum, caliche, and other arid calcareous substrates; c. and w. TX]
Oenothera
Seeds in 1 row per locule, obovoid, surface minutely honeycomb-reticulate, but appearing smooth at lower magnifications; stems 1-10 dm tall, erect and branched, rosettes poorly developed or absent at anthesis; [sect. Anogra].
Seeds in 1 row per locule, obovoid, surface minutely honeycomb-reticulate, but appearing smooth at lower magnifications; stems 1-10 dm tall, erect and branched, rosettes poorly developed or absent at anthesis; [sect. Anogra].
Oenothera
Sepals 0.3-1.1 cm long; petals 0.45-1.6 cm long; stigma surrounded by the anthers at anthesis; capsule 1.5-4.5 cm long; rosette leaves 4-8 cm long, 0.7-1.0 cm wide
Sepals 0.3-1.1 cm long; petals 0.45-1.6 cm long; stigma surrounded by the anthers at anthesis; capsule 1.5-4.5 cm long; rosette leaves 4-8 cm long, 0.7-1.0 cm wide
Oenothera
Sepals 2.0-3.3 cm long; petals 2.5-4.5 cm long; stigma elevated above the anthers at anthesis; capsule 2.5-5.5 cm long; rosette leaves 5-14 cm long, 1-2 cm wide
Sepals 2.0-3.3 cm long; petals 2.5-4.5 cm long; stigma elevated above the anthers at anthesis; capsule 2.5-5.5 cm long; rosette leaves 5-14 cm long, 1-2 cm wide
Oenothera
Petals 0.5-1.5cm long (sometimes -2.2cm in O. laciniata), sepals 0.5-1.5cm long; styles 2-5 cm long, the stigma lobes surrounded by the anthers at anthesis.
Petals 0.5-1.5cm long (sometimes -2.2cm in O. laciniata), sepals 0.5-1.5cm long; styles 2-5 cm long, the stigma lobes surrounded by the anthers at anthesis.
Oenothera
Petals 1.3-4.5cm long, sepals 1-3cm long; styles 3.5-7.5cm long, the stigma lobes slightly to strongly elevated above anthers at anthesis.
Petals 1.3-4.5cm long, sepals 1-3cm long; styles 3.5-7.5cm long, the stigma lobes slightly to strongly elevated above anthers at anthesis.
Oenothera
Petals 2.5-4.5cm; styles 4-7.5cm, the stigma lobes elevated well above the anthers at anthesis; [more widespread]
Petals 2.5-4.5cm; styles 4-7.5cm, the stigma lobes elevated well above the anthers at anthesis; [more widespread]
Oenothera
Petals 1.3-2.5cm; styles 3.5-5cm, the stigma lobes only slightly elevated above the anthers at anthesis; [se. TX]
Petals 1.3-2.5cm; styles 3.5-5cm, the stigma lobes only slightly elevated above the anthers at anthesis; [se. TX]
Oenothera
Stigmas exserted beyond anthers at anthesis; petals 20-43mm; pollen 85-100% fertile
Stigmas exserted beyond anthers at anthesis; petals 20-43mm; pollen 85-100% fertile
Oenothera
Stigmas surrounded by anthers at anthesis; petals 8-25mm; pollen 35-65% fertile
Stigmas surrounded by anthers at anthesis; petals 8-25mm; pollen 35-65% fertile
Oenothera
Petals 15-35mm; stigmas exserted well beyond anthers at anthesis; pollen 85-100% fertile.
Petals 15-35mm; stigmas exserted well beyond anthers at anthesis; pollen 85-100% fertile.
Oenothera
Petals 5-17 mm long; stigmas surrounded by anthers at anthesis; pollen ca. 50% fertile.
Petals 5-17 mm long; stigmas surrounded by anthers at anthesis; pollen ca. 50% fertile.
Oenothera
Stigma surrounded by or below the anthers at anthesis; petals 0.7-2.5(-3) cm long; anthers 3-10 mm long; pollen ca. 50% fertile.
Stigma surrounded by or below the anthers at anthesis; petals 0.7-2.5(-3) cm long; anthers 3-10 mm long; pollen ca. 50% fertile.
Oenothera
Stigma well-elevated above the anthers at anthesis; petals (2.5-) 3-5 cm long; anthers 8-22 mm long; pollen 90-100% fertile (except O. glazioviana).
Stigma well-elevated above the anthers at anthesis; petals (2.5-) 3-5 cm long; anthers 8-22 mm long; pollen 90-100% fertile (except O. glazioviana).
Oenothera
Stigmas elevated above anthers at anthesis; petals (8-) 12-35 mm long; inflorescences erect, mostly more compact; capsules various; [Oenothera fruticosa complex].
Stigmas elevated above anthers at anthesis; petals (8-) 12-35 mm long; inflorescences erect, mostly more compact; capsules various; [Oenothera fruticosa complex].
Oenothera
Stigmas surrounded by anthers at anthesis; petals 5-10 mm; flowers spaced out along an elongate inflorescence axis, axis nodding distally in bud; capsules narrowly obovoid, glandular-pubescent initially, often glabrate at maturity
Stigmas surrounded by anthers at anthesis; petals 5-10 mm; flowers spaced out along an elongate inflorescence axis, axis nodding distally in bud; capsules narrowly obovoid, glandular-pubescent initially, often glabrate at maturity
Selenia
Leaves pinnate; siliques glabrous; sepals shed shortly after anthesis; [c. MO, se. KS, e. OK, AR, and ne. TX]
Leaves pinnate; siliques glabrous; sepals shed shortly after anthesis; [c. MO, se. KS, e. OK, AR, and ne. TX]
Eleocharis
Plants primarily consisting of vegetative proliferations (rarely with reproductive culms), the vegetative culms branched and terminating in numerous whorl-like arrangements; growing aquatically or submerged in standing water; spikelets one-flowered with 2 scales, these reproductive culms exserted just above the water surface at anthesis; achenes terminated by a subulate mucro, lacking a tubercle; [Eleocharis ser. Websteria]
Plants primarily consisting of vegetative proliferations (rarely with reproductive culms), the vegetative culms branched and terminating in numerous whorl-like arrangements; growing aquatically or submerged in standing water; spikelets one-flowered with 2 scales, these reproductive culms exserted just above the water surface at anthesis; achenes terminated by a subulate mucro, lacking a tubercle; [Eleocharis ser. Websteria]
Iris
Corollas blue-violet or purple (very rarely whitish, and then with violet tint near the base; inflorescences visibly branched, the terminal branches extending beyond the bracts at anthesis
Corollas blue-violet or purple (very rarely whitish, and then with violet tint near the base; inflorescences visibly branched, the terminal branches extending beyond the bracts at anthesis
Iris
Corollas white (with yellow or greenish tint near the base); inflorescences simple or slightly branched, the branches hidden with the bracts at anthesis
Corollas white (with yellow or greenish tint near the base); inflorescences simple or slightly branched, the branches hidden with the bracts at anthesis
Symphyotrichum
Leaves cauline, basal and proximal leaves generally not linear, often withered by anthesis; heads few to many, mostly in paniculiform or racemiform arrays; disc florets often fewer; [collectively widespread].
Leaves cauline, basal and proximal leaves generally not linear, often withered by anthesis; heads few to many, mostly in paniculiform or racemiform arrays; disc florets often fewer; [collectively widespread].
Symphyotrichum
Stem leaves winged-petiolate (lower, often withering by anthesis) to sessile (upper), often toothed, bases attenuate to auriculate-clasping (main stem leaves mostly > 3 cm long); leaves not crowded, internodes of main stem > 3.5 cm long; arrays eglandular; rays white in some species.
Stem leaves winged-petiolate (lower, often withering by anthesis) to sessile (upper), often toothed, bases attenuate to auriculate-clasping (main stem leaves mostly > 3 cm long); leaves not crowded, internodes of main stem > 3.5 cm long; arrays eglandular; rays white in some species.
Symphyotrichum
Leaves strongly basally disposed, much reduced on the mid and upper stem and the basal and lower stem leaves sometimes withering by anthesis; leaf blades linear or linear-lanceolate (lower) to linear-subulate (upper stem), > 10× as long as wide; leaf margins strongly scabrous; [West Gulf Coastal Plain]
Leaves strongly basally disposed, much reduced on the mid and upper stem and the basal and lower stem leaves sometimes withering by anthesis; leaf blades linear or linear-lanceolate (lower) to linear-subulate (upper stem), > 10× as long as wide; leaf margins strongly scabrous; [West Gulf Coastal Plain]
Solidago
Involucres at anthesis (4.3-) avg. 5.3 (-7) mm high; [e. KS, e. OK, c. TX westwards]
Involucres at anthesis (4.3-) avg. 5.3 (-7) mm high; [e. KS, e. OK, c. TX westwards]
Solidago
Involucres at anthesis (6-) avg. 7.5 (-8) mm high; [NC to n. FL west to AL, disjunct in e. TX]
Involucres at anthesis (6-) avg. 7.5 (-8) mm high; [NC to n. FL west to AL, disjunct in e. TX]
Anatherum
Upper culm sheaths reduced, not strongly overlapping, not hiding the raceme sheaths after anthesis; culms mostly > 1 m tall (except A. perangustatus, A. tracyi, A. subtenuis, and small forms of A. virginicus).
Upper culm sheaths reduced, not strongly overlapping, not hiding the raceme sheaths after anthesis; culms mostly > 1 m tall (except A. perangustatus, A. tracyi, A. subtenuis, and small forms of A. virginicus).
Malvaceae
Corolla closed (or nearly so) at anthesis; involucel bracts 7-12; fruit fleshy and berry-like, eventually dehiscing; [tribe Hibisceae]
Corolla closed (or nearly so) at anthesis; involucel bracts 7-12; fruit fleshy and berry-like, eventually dehiscing; [tribe Hibisceae]
Malvaceae
Corolla open at anthesis; involucel bracts 3-5; fruit leathery, indehiscent (appearing almost woody); [tribe Gossypieae]
Corolla open at anthesis; involucel bracts 3-5; fruit leathery, indehiscent (appearing almost woody); [tribe Gossypieae]


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