Flora of the Southeastern United States

Scirpus

Bristles with retrorse or antrorse teeth along the margins, strongly contorted to nearly straight, shorter than to greatly exceeding the achenes when extended (or bristles absent or nearly so in S. georgianus).

Bristles with retrorse or antrorse teeth along the margins, strongly contorted to nearly straight, shorter than to greatly exceeding the achenes when extended (or bristles absent or nearly so in S. georgianus).

Galactia

Stems strigose with antrorse hairs; leaflets linear-oblong to narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic, 2-4 (-6) mm wide; [s. FL only]

Stems strigose with antrorse hairs; leaflets linear-oblong to narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic, 2-4 (-6) mm wide; [s. FL only]

Physalis

Hairs on the pedicels and young stems antrorse; fruiting calyx subterete, with 10 ribs, not indented at base

Hairs on the pedicels and young stems antrorse; fruiting calyx subterete, with 10 ribs, not indented at base

Teucrium

Midvein on lower surface of leaves with loose hairs, or if somewhat appressed, antrorse or retrorse; leaves grayish-green or gray beneath; [widespread in our area]

Midvein on lower surface of leaves with loose hairs, or if somewhat appressed, antrorse or retrorse; leaves grayish-green or gray beneath; [widespread in our area]

Scutellaria

Upper stems antrorse eglandular and spreading stipitate-glandular; leaf veins tending to anastomose along margins, lower surfaces with only stipitate-glandular hairs, or nearly so; fresh plants inodorous

Upper stems antrorse eglandular and spreading stipitate-glandular; leaf veins tending to anastomose along margins, lower surfaces with only stipitate-glandular hairs, or nearly so; fresh plants inodorous

Salvia

Stem usually with sparse, antrorse or somewhat spreading pubescence; calyx with antrorse hairs limited to major veins; flowers of mature inflorescences spaced out, most internodes elongate and ranging up to 25 (-34) mm; [Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain and adjacent piedmont, from south-central NC to central FL to southeast LA]

Stem usually with sparse, antrorse or somewhat spreading pubescence; calyx with antrorse hairs limited to major veins; flowers of mature inflorescences spaced out, most internodes elongate and ranging up to 25 (-34) mm; [Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain and adjacent piedmont, from south-central NC to central FL to southeast LA]

Salvia

Stem usually with dense, retrorse pubescence; calyx with dense antrorse pubescence; flowers of mature inflorescences densely arranged, internodes between flowers very short, only the lowermost 1-3 internodes elongate and ranging up to 12 (-17) mm; [inland and prairie sites, ranging from IL, IA, NE, and e. CO south to nw. GA, n. AL, ne. MS, LA, and se. and c. TX]

Stem usually with dense, retrorse pubescence; calyx with dense antrorse pubescence; flowers of mature inflorescences densely arranged, internodes between flowers very short, only the lowermost 1-3 internodes elongate and ranging up to 12 (-17) mm; [inland and prairie sites, ranging from IL, IA, NE, and e. CO south to nw. GA, n. AL, ne. MS, LA, and se. and c. TX]

Lobelia

Lower lip of corolla pubescent inside at the base near throat; pedicels and calyx often strongly antrorsely scabrid (with sharp upward-pointing hairs), rarely almost glabrous (but usually have a few antrorse hairs, especially on the pedicels); hypanthium oval to oblong in fruit; basal leaves linear

Lower lip of corolla pubescent inside at the base near throat; pedicels and calyx often strongly antrorsely scabrid (with sharp upward-pointing hairs), rarely almost glabrous (but usually have a few antrorse hairs, especially on the pedicels); hypanthium oval to oblong in fruit; basal leaves linear

Campanula

Stems more robust, erect, terete to bluntly or sharply angled, glabrous or with antrorse hairs.

Stems more robust, erect, terete to bluntly or sharply angled, glabrous or with antrorse hairs.

Diervilla

Twigs below peduncles glabrous or pubescent, with short, soft, antrorse hairs (with tips curled back towards the stem); persistent sepal lobes 1.5-3 mm long (median = 3 mm); [Mountains of NC and TN, north to Mitchell and Yancey counties, NC]

Twigs below peduncles glabrous or pubescent, with short, soft, antrorse hairs (with tips curled back towards the stem); persistent sepal lobes 1.5-3 mm long (median = 3 mm); [Mountains of NC and TN, north to Mitchell and Yancey counties, NC]

Dalea

Calyx tube villosulous to tomentulose, the hairs antrorse or tangled and multi-directional; [collectively widespread].

Calyx tube villosulous to tomentulose, the hairs antrorse or tangled and multi-directional; [collectively widespread].

Dalea

Calyx tube velutinous, the hairs retrorse (the calyx lobes with antrorse hairs); [c. TX]

Calyx tube velutinous, the hairs retrorse (the calyx lobes with antrorse hairs); [c. TX]

Carex

Beak of perigynium (0.3-) 0.5-0.9 mm long; hairs at the base of the beak antrorse and those below either spreading, antrorse, or with retrorse hairs largely confined to one surface; [collectively more widespread].

Beak of perigynium (0.3-) 0.5-0.9 mm long; hairs at the base of the beak antrorse and those below either spreading, antrorse, or with retrorse hairs largely confined to one surface; [collectively more widespread].

Loasaceae

Stamens numerous (8-50+), often strongly exerted; petals 5 (sometimes superficially appearing to have ca. 10+ due to the presence of 5+ petaloid stamen filaments and 5 petals), fruits dehiscent (capsules with apical dehiscence); plants with two types of trichomes (antrorse/smooth or retrorse); [FL; s. and nc. TX northwards through AR, MO to ne IL westwards]

Stamens numerous (8-50+), often strongly exerted; petals 5 (sometimes superficially appearing to have ca. 10+ due to the presence of 5+ petaloid stamen filaments and 5 petals), fruits dehiscent (capsules with apical dehiscence); plants with two types of trichomes (antrorse/smooth or retrorse); [FL; s. and nc. TX northwards through AR, MO to ne IL westwards]

Ehretia

Leaf blades scabrous on the upper surface, with mineralized discs with antrorse appressed hairs; leaf margins entire, to toothed with a few coarse teeth near the apex; leaves 5-13 cm long, 4-6 cm wide.

Leaf blades scabrous on the upper surface, with mineralized discs with antrorse appressed hairs; leaf margins entire, to toothed with a few coarse teeth near the apex; leaves 5-13 cm long, 4-6 cm wide.

Physalis

Plants glabrous or villous, hairs antrorse and to 1 mm, sometimes also with hairs 1-2 mm long, often with slender, shallow rhizomes

Plants glabrous or villous, hairs antrorse and to 1 mm, sometimes also with hairs 1-2 mm long, often with slender, shallow rhizomes

Physalis

Plants moderately to densely pubescent with divergent hairs 1-1.5 mm long, and antrorse or retrorse hairs to 0.5 mm long; pedicels and flowering calyces densely pubescent with divergent and appressed hairs mixed (or only with appressed retrorse hairs); hairs on the calyx scattered more or less evenly over the surface, not confined to 10 longitudinal strips

Plants moderately to densely pubescent with divergent hairs 1-1.5 mm long, and antrorse or retrorse hairs to 0.5 mm long; pedicels and flowering calyces densely pubescent with divergent and appressed hairs mixed (or only with appressed retrorse hairs); hairs on the calyx scattered more or less evenly over the surface, not confined to 10 longitudinal strips

Physalis

Pedicels and flowering calyces pubescent with minute, appressed, antrorse hairs; hairs on the calyx primarily confined to 10 narrow longitudinal strips consisting of simple, appressed hairs < 0.5 mm long.

Pedicels and flowering calyces pubescent with minute, appressed, antrorse hairs; hairs on the calyx primarily confined to 10 narrow longitudinal strips consisting of simple, appressed hairs < 0.5 mm long.

Physalis

Plants decumbent; leaf margins entire or undulate; hairs divergent and antrorse.

Plants decumbent; leaf margins entire or undulate; hairs divergent and antrorse.

Atriplex

Radicle of brown seeds sub-basal to median and antrorse; bracts 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 3-5 mm long; plants green or rarely with weak red-tinging; [nonsaline ruderal habitats]

Radicle of brown seeds sub-basal to median and antrorse; bracts 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 3-5 mm long; plants green or rarely with weak red-tinging; [nonsaline ruderal habitats]

Atriplex

Bracteoles sessile; bracteole margins entire to slightly toothed; inflorescences with leafy bracts only at base, glomerules tight, contiguous or irregularly spaced; bracteoles thin to slightly thickened and spongy, margin united only at base; seeds mostly less than 2.5 mm wide, usually distinctly dimorphic, mostly small and glossy black, but also some larger, and dull brown, flattened and disc-shaped; radicle subbasal, obliquely antrorse to spreading

Bracteoles sessile; bracteole margins entire to slightly toothed; inflorescences with leafy bracts only at base, glomerules tight, contiguous or irregularly spaced; bracteoles thin to slightly thickened and spongy, margin united only at base; seeds mostly less than 2.5 mm wide, usually distinctly dimorphic, mostly small and glossy black, but also some larger, and dull brown, flattened and disc-shaped; radicle subbasal, obliquely antrorse to spreading

Atriplex

Bracteoles short stipitate or sessile; bracteole margins entire to denticulate to laciniate; inflorescences with leafy bracts to the tip, glomerules loose, irregularly spaced; bracteoles thick spongy, margin united to middle; seeds 2.5+ mm wide, usually not distinctly dimorphic, dark brown to black, irregularly biconvex; radicle median, ± antrorse

Bracteoles short stipitate or sessile; bracteole margins entire to denticulate to laciniate; inflorescences with leafy bracts to the tip, glomerules loose, irregularly spaced; bracteoles thick spongy, margin united to middle; seeds 2.5+ mm wide, usually not distinctly dimorphic, dark brown to black, irregularly biconvex; radicle median, ± antrorse

Atriplex

Bracteoles typically with well-developed spongy-thickening at base, variously toothed; black seeds rare or lacking, or of various size; leaves all entire or some or all deltoid-hastate with lobes spreading to antrorse and otherwise entire or irregularly toothed; plants usually green-colored, sometimes with moderate to strong red-tinging

Bracteoles typically with well-developed spongy-thickening at base, variously toothed; black seeds rare or lacking, or of various size; leaves all entire or some or all deltoid-hastate with lobes spreading to antrorse and otherwise entire or irregularly toothed; plants usually green-colored, sometimes with moderate to strong red-tinging

Plantae

Stamens numerous (8-50+), often strongly exerted; petals 5 (sometimes superficially appearing to have ca. 10+ due to the presence of 5+ petaloid stamen filaments and 5 petals), fruits dehiscent (capsules with apical dehiscence); plants with two types of trichomes (antrorse/smooth or retrorse)

Stamens numerous (8-50+), often strongly exerted; petals 5 (sometimes superficially appearing to have ca. 10+ due to the presence of 5+ petaloid stamen filaments and 5 petals), fruits dehiscent (capsules with apical dehiscence); plants with two types of trichomes (antrorse/smooth or retrorse)