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| Scientific | Lead Number | Lead Position | Lead Characteristics | Lead Characteristics with Glossary | Line result key id | Line result taxon id | result text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huperzia | Leaves oblanceolate, the apical portion toothed with 1-8 large, irregular teeth; leaves 6-15 mm long, 1.0-2.5 mm wide; stomates on lower leaf surface only (visible at 10×, or preferably 20-40×, magnification); spores 23-29 μm in diameter; [mainly of forest soils] | Leaves oblanceolate, the apical portion toothed with 1-8 large, irregular teeth; leaves 6-15 mm long, 1.0-2.5 mm wide; stomates on lower leaf surface only (visible at 10×, or preferably 20-40×, magnification); spores 23-29 μm in diameter; [mainly of forest soils] | |||||
Huperzia | Leaves oblanceolate, the apical portion toothed with 1-8 large, irregular teeth; leaves 6-15 mm long, 1.0-2.5 mm wide; stomates on lower leaf surface only (visible at 10×, or preferably 20-40×, magnification); spores 23-29 μm in diameter; [mainly of forest soils] | Leaves oblanceolate, the apical portion toothed with 1-8 large, irregular teeth; leaves 6-15 mm long, 1.0-2.5 mm wide; stomates on lower leaf surface only (visible at 10×, or preferably 20-40×, magnification); spores 23-29 μm in diameter; [mainly of forest soils] | |||||
Huperzia | Leaves lanceolate (awl-shaped), margins not toothed, or minutely toothed in the apical portion only with 1-3 low teeth; leaves 3-9 mm long, 0.6-1.3 mm wide; stomates on both leaf surfaces (visible at 10×, or preferably 20-40×, magnification); spores 29-38 μm in diameter; [mainly of rock outcrops]. | Leaves lanceolate (awl-shaped), margins not toothed, or minutely toothed in the apical portion only with 1-3 low teeth; leaves 3-9 mm long, 0.6-1.3 mm wide; stomates on both leaf surfaces (visible at 10×, or preferably 20-40×, magnification); spores 29-38 μm in diameter; [mainly of rock outcrops]. | |||||
Huperzia | Leaves dimorphic, those at the base longer and spreading wider from the shoot axis than those from the apical portion of the plant; gemma-bearing branches borne throughout the apical portion of mature shoots; lateral leaves of gemmae 0.5-1.1 mm wide | ||||||
Selaginellaceae | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | |||||
Selaginellaceae | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | |||||
Selaginellaceae | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | Vegetative leaves monomorphic, spirally arranged around the stems; leaves acuminate and with a white or translucent apical hair-tip (the hair-tip rarely lost); fertile branch tip only slightly differentiated from the sterile portions of the stems; rhizophores dorsal (initiated from the upper side of the stems), borne either along the stems or only from rhizome-like stems; rhizophores medium-fine, 0.2-0.45 mm in diameter; [subfamily Gymnogynoideae] | |||||
Selaginellaceae | Vegetative leaves dimorphic, in 4 ranks, the ventral pair spreading laterally, the dorsal pair ascending, the pairs different in shape and/or size (anisophyllous); leaves acute, mucronate, lacking a white or translucent apical hair-tip; fertile branch tips strongly differentiated (into strobili) from the sterile portions of the stem; rhizophores either dorsal or ventral, borne along the stems; rhizophores either very fine or medium fine, 0.02-0.4 mm in diameter, or coarse, 1-3 mm in diameter. | Vegetative leaves dimorphic, in 4 ranks, the ventral pair spreading laterally, the dorsal pair ascending, the pairs different in shape and/or size (anisophyllous); leaves acute, mucronate, lacking a white or translucent apical hair-tip; fertile branch tips strongly differentiated (into strobili) from the sterile portions of the stem; rhizophores either dorsal or ventral, borne along the stems; rhizophores either very fine or medium fine, 0.02-0.4 mm in diameter, or coarse, 1-3 mm in diameter. | |||||
Bryodesma | Apical hair-tip of the leaves twisted-contorted, 1.2-1.7 mm long (sometimes deciduous); strobili 3-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; leaves 0.15-0.3 mm wide, the marginal cilia absent, toothlike, or as much as 1/6 as wide as the leaf blade; budlike “arrested” branches present | ||||||
Bryodesma | Apical hair-tip of the leaves twisted-contorted, 1.2-1.7 mm long (sometimes deciduous); strobili 3-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; leaves 0.15-0.3 mm wide, the marginal cilia absent, toothlike, or as much as 1/6 as wide as the leaf blade; budlike “arrested” branches present | ||||||
Bryodesma | Apical hair-tip of the leaves twisted-contorted, 1.2-1.7 mm long (sometimes deciduous); strobili 3-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; leaves 0.15-0.3 mm wide, the marginal cilia absent, toothlike, or as much as 1/6 as wide as the leaf blade; budlike “arrested” branches present | ||||||
Bryodesma | Apical hair-tip of the leaves straight, 0.3-1.4 mm long (sometimes deciduous); strobili (5-) 10-35 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide; leaves 0.2-0.45 mm wide, the marginal cilia 1/4-1/3 as wide as the leaf blade; budlike “arrested” branches present or absent. | ||||||
Asplenium | Pinnae margins shallowly crenate or crenate-serrate; pinnae bright-green, subcoriaceous, borne at right angles to the rachis or ascending, opposite below but usually becoming alternate in the apical 1/3-1/2 of the leaf blade | ||||||
Abies | Juvenile-form leaves of young plants with rounded-retuse apices; leaf resin canals 2, marginal; cone bracts exserted and reflexed with elongate apical cusps; [section Abies] | ||||||
Abies | Juvenile-form leaves of young plants with spinose-bifid apices; leaf resin canals 2, median (and usually with up to 2 additional marginal canals); cone bracts exserted and erect with abrupt, short apical cusps; [section Pseudopicea] | ||||||
Taxodium | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | |||||
Taxodium | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | |||||
Taxodium | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | |||||
Taxodium | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | Larger knees short, rarely > 4 dm tall, usually columnar or broad and mound-like, with thick, compact bark on top; leafy branchlets ascending from the twigs, secundly erect (the base often curving, the apical portion of the branchlet borne in a vertical plane), except on juvenile trees (which mimic T. distichum); leaves subulate, spirally arranged, not spreading laterally and featherlike (except on juvenile trees), ascending or appressed; leaves mostly 3-10 mm long (to 15 mm long on juvenile trees); bark thick (1-2.5 cm thick), furrowed, dark-brown, not exfoliating; [trees mainly of fire-maintained habitats: isolated depressions (clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds), wet pine savannas, pocosins and other wet peaty habitats, domes and stringers in wet prairies, and, less commonly, blackwater swamps and natural lakes] | |||||
Erythronium | Petals (inner tepals) lacking auricles near their bases; capsule and ovary distinctly indented (umbilicate) at apex (or rarely truncate in E. umbilicatum ssp. monostolum, or the ovary when young not yet displaying the apical indentation); mature capsules usually reclining on ground, with the apex downward; stolons 0-1 per bulb; anthers usually lavender, brown, cinnamon, or purple (sometimes yellow). | Petals (inner tepals) lacking auricles near their bases; capsule and ovary distinctly indented (umbilicate) at apex (or rarely truncate in E. umbilicatum ssp. monostolum, or the ovary when young not yet displaying the apical indentation); mature capsules usually reclining on ground, with the apex downward; stolons 0-1 per bulb; anthers usually lavender, brown, cinnamon, or purple (sometimes yellow). | |||||
Cypripedium | Pouch-like lip of flower white, 1.5-2.5 cm long; orifice margin acute on the apical margin; [of calcareous barrens] | ||||||
Cypripedium | Pouch-like lip of flower bright yellow, pale yellow, or creamy white, (2.0-) 2.2-6.3 cm long (if pale yellow or white, then > 4 cm long); orifice margin rounded-obtuse on the apical margin; [of various habitats]. | ||||||
Malaxis | Pedicels 3-5 (-5.8) mm long (even in plants with inflorescences over 80 mm long); basal lobes of the lip prominent, 0.75-1.1 mm long, usually 1.5-2 (-2.5)× as long as the apical lateral lobes and > 0.6× as long as the length from the base to the tip of the mid-lobe; inflorescences loosely flowered above, the lower flowers withering slowly | Pedicels 3-5 (-5.8) mm long (even in plants with inflorescences over 80 mm long); basal lobes of the lip prominent, 0.75-1.1 mm long, usually 1.5-2 (-2.5)× as long as the apical lateral lobes and > 0.6× as long as the length from the base to the tip of the mid-lobe; inflorescences loosely flowered above, the lower flowers withering slowly | |||||
Malaxis | Pedicels (4-) 5-10 (-13) mm long (and > 5 mm long in plants with inflorescences > 45 mm long); basal lobes of the lip not prominent, 0.4-1.1 mm long, mostly < 1.5× as long as the apical lateral lobes and < 0.6× as long as the length from the base to the tip of the mid-lobe; inflorescences densely flowered above, the lower flowers soon withering | Pedicels (4-) 5-10 (-13) mm long (and > 5 mm long in plants with inflorescences > 45 mm long); basal lobes of the lip not prominent, 0.4-1.1 mm long, mostly < 1.5× as long as the apical lateral lobes and < 0.6× as long as the length from the base to the tip of the mid-lobe; inflorescences densely flowered above, the lower flowers soon withering | |||||
Sparganium | Rachis of inflorescence unbranched; fruit beak straight to curved; tepals reaching about half the length of fruit body; leaves often keeled distally; perianth segments essentially translucent and lacking an apical dark spot | Rachis of inflorescence unbranched; fruit beak straight to curved; tepals reaching about half the length of fruit body; leaves often keeled distally; perianth segments essentially translucent and lacking an apical dark spot | |||||
Xyris | Leaves spreading, not twisted or only slightly so; spikes narrowly ovoid, ellipsoidal, or oblong; bracts and sepals without a small apical tuft of hairs; bases of leaves whitish, tan, pink, purplish, maroon, or dark brown, the outermost leaves not scale-like, the plant base not appearing bulbous; [typically of the Coastal Plain, rarely disjunct inland]. | Leaves spreading, not twisted or only slightly so; spikes narrowly ovoid, ellipsoidal, or oblong; bracts and sepals without a small apical tuft of hairs; bases of leaves whitish, tan, pink, purplish, maroon, or dark brown, the outermost leaves not scale-like, the plant base not appearing bulbous; [typically of the Coastal Plain, rarely disjunct inland]. | |||||
Luzula | Inflorescences simple, with an occasional pedicel branching from the base of a flower; apical appendages of seeds 0.6-1.5 (-2.1) mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 0.8-1.7 | Inflorescences simple, with an occasional pedicel branching from the base of a flower; apical appendages of seeds 0.6-1.5 (-2.1) mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 0.8-1.7 | |||||
Luzula | Inflorescences simple, with an occasional pedicel branching from the base of a flower; apical appendages of seeds 0.6-1.5 (-2.1) mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 0.8-1.7 | Inflorescences simple, with an occasional pedicel branching from the base of a flower; apical appendages of seeds 0.6-1.5 (-2.1) mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 0.8-1.7 | |||||
Luzula | Inflorescences usually branching, the pedicels commonly paired; apical appendages of seeds 0.4-1.1 mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 1.0-2.8 | Inflorescences usually branching, the pedicels commonly paired; apical appendages of seeds 0.4-1.1 mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 1.0-2.8 | |||||
Luzula | Inflorescences usually branching, the pedicels commonly paired; apical appendages of seeds 0.4-1.1 mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 1.0-2.8 | Inflorescences usually branching, the pedicels commonly paired; apical appendages of seeds 0.4-1.1 mm long; seed/appendage length ratio 1.0-2.8 | |||||
Carex | Spikes gynecandrous; beak of perigynium with apical teeth > 0.3 mm long | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales (excluding the awns, if present) shorter than the perigynia at least in the middle portions of the spikes, the apical portion of the pistillate scales narrower than the perigynia beaks and not completely covering them, the apex awned in some species. | ||||||
Fuirena | Perianth bristles longer than the achene stipe, reaching the middle of or exceeding the achene body, strongly and retrorsely barbed (if smooth as in F. bushii, then scales of the spikelets also with strongly retrorse apical cusps); blades of the perianth scales with an acuminate to awned apex. | ||||||
Schoenoplectus | Sides of the culm strongly concave, wing-angled; culms 3-10 mm in diameter; main involucral bract 1-2.5 (-6) cm long; spikelet scale with apical notch 0.1-0.4 mm deep | ||||||
Schoenoplectus | Sides of the culm flat, slightly concave, or slightly convex; culms 1-6 mm in diameter; main involucral bract (1-) 3-20 cm long; spikelet scale with apical notch (0.3-) 0.5-1 mm deep. | ||||||
Poaceae | Glumes (one or both) nearly equaling or surpassing the most apical lemma of the spikelet, therefore partially or completely concealing the florets | ||||||
Poaceae | Glumes (both) shorter than the most apical lemma of the spikelet, therefore the florets largely visible | ||||||
Poa | Anthers 0.6-0.9 (-1.0) mm long; lemmas broad-acute, obtuse or truncate at the apex, the keel and lateral margins of the lemma forming an apical angle of 42-82 degrees, firm at the tip, the scarious tip absent or up to 0.25 mm long | ||||||
Poa | Anthers 0.9-1.5 mm long; lemmas acute to acuminate at the apex, the keel and lateral margins of the lemma forming an apical angle of 10-47 degrees, pliable at the tip, the scarious tip prominent and 0.25-0.5 mm long | ||||||
Senega | Inflorescence of dense racemes; wing sepals white (drying darker), 0.9-1.4 mm wide, the apical cusp 0.6-0.8 mm long; seeds < 0.6 mm long; aril of seeds usually ca. 0.2 mm long; [Coastal Plain, FL and GA west to TX] | ||||||
Senega | Inflorescence of elongated racemes; wing sepals cream to greenish-white (drying darker), 1.5-1.7 mm wide, the apical cusp 0.3-0.5 mm long; seeds usually 0.6-0.7 mm long; aril of seeds a minute scale or absent; [s. FL] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Fruit a hip, developing from a globose to urceolate hypanthium, enclosing the ovaries and achenes, except for the apical orifice; leaflets usually acute to obtuse at the apex; leaflet margins crenulate or serrulate; [tribe Roseae] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Fruit a hip, developing from a globose to urceolate hypanthium, enclosing the ovaries and achenes, except for the apical orifice; leaflets usually acute to obtuse at the apex; leaflet margins crenulate or serrulate; [tribe Roseae] | ||||||
Rosaceae | Fruit a hip, developing from a globose to urceolate hypanthium, enclosing the ovaries and achenes, except for the apical orifice; leaflets usually acute to obtuse at the apex; leaflet margins crenulate or serrulate; [tribe Roseae] | ||||||
Urtica | Plants mainly dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants), but some plants in populations monoecious (with basal inflorescences male and apical inflorescences female, or with male and female flowers intermixed in the same inflorescence); stems usually weak, sprawling, branching; stems strongly hispid with stinging hairs; leaf blades strongly hispid with stinging hairs on both surfaces; leaf teeth commonly 5-6 mm long | Plants mainly dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants), but some plants in populations monoecious (with basal inflorescences male and apical inflorescences female, or with male and female flowers intermixed in the same inflorescence); stems usually weak, sprawling, branching; stems strongly hispid with stinging hairs; leaf blades strongly hispid with stinging hairs on both surfaces; leaf teeth commonly 5-6 mm long | |||||
Urtica | Plants mainly dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants), but some plants in populations monoecious (with basal inflorescences male and apical inflorescences female, or with male and female flowers intermixed in the same inflorescence); stems usually weak, sprawling, branching; stems strongly hispid with stinging hairs; leaf blades strongly hispid with stinging hairs on both surfaces; leaf teeth commonly 5-6 mm long | Plants mainly dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants), but some plants in populations monoecious (with basal inflorescences male and apical inflorescences female, or with male and female flowers intermixed in the same inflorescence); stems usually weak, sprawling, branching; stems strongly hispid with stinging hairs; leaf blades strongly hispid with stinging hairs on both surfaces; leaf teeth commonly 5-6 mm long | |||||
Urtica | Plants mostly monoecious (with male and female flowers in separate inflorescences on the same plant, usually with basal and apical inflorescences female and median inflorescences male), rarely an entire plant male or female; stems upright, erect, less branched; stems glabrous to puberulent or strigose, lacking (or nearly so) stinging hairs; leaf blades glabrous or glabrescent above (lacking stinging hairs), glabrous to puberulent below (with some stinging hairs); leaf teeth commonly 2-3.5 mm long | Plants mostly monoecious (with male and female flowers in separate inflorescences on the same plant, usually with basal and apical inflorescences female and median inflorescences male), rarely an entire plant male or female; stems upright, erect, less branched; stems glabrous to puberulent or strigose, lacking (or nearly so) stinging hairs; leaf blades glabrous or glabrescent above (lacking stinging hairs), glabrous to puberulent below (with some stinging hairs); leaf teeth commonly 2-3.5 mm long | |||||
Urtica | Plants mostly monoecious (with male and female flowers in separate inflorescences on the same plant, usually with basal and apical inflorescences female and median inflorescences male), rarely an entire plant male or female; stems upright, erect, less branched; stems glabrous to puberulent or strigose, lacking (or nearly so) stinging hairs; leaf blades glabrous or glabrescent above (lacking stinging hairs), glabrous to puberulent below (with some stinging hairs); leaf teeth commonly 2-3.5 mm long | Plants mostly monoecious (with male and female flowers in separate inflorescences on the same plant, usually with basal and apical inflorescences female and median inflorescences male), rarely an entire plant male or female; stems upright, erect, less branched; stems glabrous to puberulent or strigose, lacking (or nearly so) stinging hairs; leaf blades glabrous or glabrescent above (lacking stinging hairs), glabrous to puberulent below (with some stinging hairs); leaf teeth commonly 2-3.5 mm long | |||||
Oxalis | Leaflets obdeltoid (the apical lobes angular, each leaf thus with 6 "points"). | ||||||
Oxalis | Leaflets obcordate (the apical lobes rounded, each leaf thus with 6 rounded lobes). | ||||||
Oxalis | Flowers in umbels; plants bulbous; tips of sepals with orange callosities; leaflets with oxalate deposits (visible as dots) distributed either evenly over the entire surface, around the margins of the leaflets, or at the apical notch of the leaflets; [section Ionoxalis]. | ||||||
Oxalis | Sepals glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaflets with reddish-brown callosities either scattered over the surface or only at the apical notch; [native or naturalized] | ||||||
Oxalis | Leaflets 8-15 mm long; leaflets with reddish-brown callosities only at the apical notch; [native] | ||||||
Hypericum | Inflorescence branches from the upper 1-6 nodes of the stem, the further branching repeatedly monochasial; stem with apical internode well developed, usually longer than the internode below; sepals broader above the middle, more-or-less imbricate; [of the Coastal Plain] | Inflorescence branches from the upper 1-6 nodes of the stem, the further branching repeatedly monochasial; stem with apical internode well developed, usually longer than the internode below; sepals broader above the middle, more-or-less imbricate; [of the Coastal Plain] | |||||
Hypericum | Inflorescence branches from the upper 2-10 nodes of the stem, the further branching mostly dichasial; stem with apical internode shorter than the internode below or even essentially absent; sepals broader below the middle, not imbricate (rarely broader above the middle and imbricate); [widespread] | ||||||
Erodium | Primary leaflets sessile or nearly so, sometimes connected by blade tissue; blades of the primary leaflets divided nearly or quite to the base; apical pits of mericarp lacking sessile glands | ||||||
Erodium | Primary leaflets petiolulate; blades of the primary leaflets divided <0.75× to the base; apical pits of mericarp with sessile glands | ||||||
Ludwigia | Pedicels 2-15 mm long; capsules subglobose to spheric or cubic, about as long as wide, box-like, 4-angled, dehiscence by an apical pore (later sometimes also irregularly loculicidal); petals present, 4-15 mm long, persistent or caducous; roots fascicled, fusiform, tuberous; plants lacking basal, stoloniform shoots; [section Ludwigia]. | Pedicels 2-15 mm long; capsules subglobose to spheric or cubic, about as long as wide, box-like, 4-angled, dehiscence by an apical pore (later sometimes also irregularly loculicidal); petals present, 4-15 mm long, persistent or caducous; roots fascicled, fusiform, tuberous; plants lacking basal, stoloniform shoots; [section Ludwigia]. | |||||
Waltheria | Calyx tube 1.7-2.5 mm long; stem nodes knobby, joints extended 0.8-1.0 mm; leaf surface glabrate, puberulent, drying brownish olive, dark brown, bronze, or coppery; anthers ovate when dehisced; styles densely white-sericeous; capsules with dense white puberulent line at apical valve margin | Calyx tube 1.7-2.5 mm long; stem nodes knobby, joints extended 0.8-1.0 mm; leaf surface glabrate, puberulent, drying brownish olive, dark brown, bronze, or coppery; anthers ovate when dehisced; styles densely white-sericeous; capsules with dense white puberulent line at apical valve margin | |||||
Waltheria | Calyx tube 2.5-2.9 mm long; stem nodes even or extended < 0.5 mm; leaf surface tomentose or pubescent, drying olive; anthers oblong when dehisced; styles hirsutulous near base; capsules lacking dense white puberulent line at apical valve margin | Calyx tube 2.5-2.9 mm long; stem nodes even or extended < 0.5 mm; leaf surface tomentose or pubescent, drying olive; anthers oblong when dehisced; styles hirsutulous near base; capsules lacking dense white puberulent line at apical valve margin | |||||
Pavonia | Carpels each with 3 apical awns (spines) up to 10 mm long; petals yellow; leaf blades rounded to truncate at the base, acuminate at the apex, 1.2-2× as long as wide; hairs of the stem and foliage simple; [FL] | ||||||
Caryophyllaceae | Capsule cylindric, dehiscent by 10 apical teeth | ||||||
Salsola | Leaf blades not fleshy in fresh material, narrowly linear to filiform, < 1 mm wide in herbarium material; leaves with a weak apical spine | ||||||
Salsola | Leaf blades fleshy in fresh material, linear, 1-2 mm wide in dried specimens; leaves with a strong apical spine. | ||||||
Solanaceae | Corolla salverform or narrowly funnel-shaped, with a well-developed tubular portion, this > 1 cm long (except in Calibrachoa) and either flared or essentially isodiametric and > 4× as long as its midpoint diameter, the limb expanding more or less abruptly from the tubular portion; fruit a capsule opening by longitudinal valves or by apical pores. | Corolla salverform or narrowly funnel-shaped, with a well-developed tubular portion, this > 1 cm long (except in Calibrachoa) and either flared or essentially isodiametric and > 4× as long as its midpoint diameter, the limb expanding more or less abruptly from the tubular portion; fruit a capsule opening by longitudinal valves or by apical pores. | |||||
Veronica | Lobes of the capsule with apices diverging at ca. 90 degrees, the apical notch of the capsule > 90°; corolla > 8 mm wide | ||||||
Veronica | Lobes of the capsule with apices parallel or diverging at an acute angle, the apical notch of the capsule < 90°; corolla < 8 mm wide. | ||||||
Pycnanthemum | Bracts of the inflorescence glabrous (or very sparsely pubescent) on the upper surface, the margins long-ciliate; calyx lobes and upper part (at least) of the tube with long spreading hairs (independent of the apical tufts) | Bracts of the inflorescence glabrous (or very sparsely pubescent) on the upper surface, the margins long-ciliate; calyx lobes and upper part (at least) of the tube with long spreading hairs (independent of the apical tufts) | |||||
Pycnanthemum | Bracts of the inflorescence puberulent on the upper surface, the margins not ciliate; calyx lobes and tube variously glabrous or puberulent (independent of the apical tufts). | Bracts of the inflorescence puberulent on the upper surface, the margins not ciliate; calyx lobes and tube variously glabrous or puberulent (independent of the apical tufts). | |||||
Ilex | Leaves with a well-developed apical spine (and usually also marginal spines) 2-6 mm long. | ||||||
Ilex | Leaves 3-4× as long as wide, generally about 1 cm wide (almost never > 2 cm wide), obovate and widest beyond the midpoint of the blade; leaf margins crenate in the apical 1/2 to 1/3 (almost never entire) | ||||||
Campanulaceae | Capsule dehiscent laterally (the pores nearly apical in some Campanula); flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles; [mostly native species of various habitats (some of them weedy)]. | ||||||
Boltonia | Plants reproducing vegetatively by basal offsets, culms ascending, leaves elliptic to obovate with rounded or blunt apices, held at various angles from culm and inflorescence branches, plants with weak apical dominance; [of the Susquehanna River of MD and PA] | ||||||
Boltonia | Plants reproducing vegetatively by elongate stolons, culms more strictly erect, leaves lanceolate with acute apices, the leaves oriented at an acute angle to the culm and inflorescence branches, plants with relatively strong apical dominance; [more widespread in our area] | Plants reproducing vegetatively by elongate stolons, culms more strictly erect, leaves lanceolate with acute apices, the leaves oriented at an acute angle to the culm and inflorescence branches, plants with relatively strong apical dominance; [more widespread in our area] | |||||
Symphyotrichum | Phyllary tips appressed, acute, flat, inner phyllaries with broadly lanceolate, distinctly demarcated, apical green zone, proximal ½ -1/3 white-chartaceous; ray flower blades erect, often involute along the edges (curling inward lengthwise), rarely coiling back distally (if so, then only ca. 1/2 coil), usually shorter than mature pappus; disc flowers (3-) 7-14 | Phyllary tips appressed, acute, flat, inner phyllaries with broadly lanceolate, distinctly demarcated, apical green zone, proximal ½ -1/3 white-chartaceous; ray flower blades erect, often involute along the edges (curling inward lengthwise), rarely coiling back distally (if so, then only ca. 1/2 coil), usually shorter than mature pappus; disc flowers (3-) 7-14 | |||||
Symphyotrichum | Phyllary tips loose, linear-acuminate, distal margins often inrolled/involute, inner phyllaries with narrowly lanceolate, often weakly demarcated apical green zone, white-chartaceous bases short, ca. 1/3-1/2 the length of the phyllaries; ray flower blades not involute along edges, usually coiling back distally in 1-4 or more coils, usually as long or longer than mature pappus; disc flowers either (6-) 8-15 or 11-23 or (20-) 33-45 (-50). | Phyllary tips loose, linear-acuminate, distal margins often inrolled/involute, inner phyllaries with narrowly lanceolate, often weakly demarcated apical green zone, white-chartaceous bases short, ca. 1/3-1/2 the length of the phyllaries; ray flower blades not involute along edges, usually coiling back distally in 1-4 or more coils, usually as long or longer than mature pappus; disc flowers either (6-) 8-15 or 11-23 or (20-) 33-45 (-50). | |||||
Dipsacus | Bracts on the receptacle 7-30 mm long, with straight apical spines, these stiff but flexible; bracts of the involucre 1-13 cm long, curved upward | ||||||
Dipsacus | Bracts on the receptacle 12-14 mm long, with recurved apical spines, these rigid; bracts of the involucre 1-5 cm long, spreading more or less horizontally | Bracts on the receptacle 12-14 mm long, with recurved apical spines, these rigid; bracts of the involucre 1-5 cm long, spreading more or less horizontally | |||||
Plantae | Leaves pinnate, pinnate-pinnatifid, 2-pinnate, or even more divided, to 5-pinnate (the rachis naked for most of its length, often winged in the apical portion). | ||||||
Plantae | Leaves pinnate, pinnate-pinnatifid, 2-pinnate, or even more divided (the rachis naked for most of its length, often winged in the apical portion). | ||||||
Plantae | Leaflets obovate or broadly elliptic (broadest at or above the middle), the teeth or lobes soley or primarily in the apical half of the leaf; plant climbing by tendrils; fruit a blue to black berry. | ||||||
Plantae | Leaves glabrous, or if hairy, the hairs strictly simple (sometimes also bearing a few conspicuous apical, marginal or abaxial pit domatia in COMBRETACEAE). | ||||||
Plantae | Scrambling shrubs, armed with recurved paired spines at the nodes (except Santalum, which can be a scrambling shrub and has red flowers producing drupe-like fruit bearing an apical circular rim). | ||||||
Plantae | Stamens (5-) 10, 15, 20, 30 (-many); corolla yellow or reddish; filaments not densely villous basally, the anthers the anthers not conspicuously tubular and lacking apical pores; capsule 3 (-10)-locular, loculicidal | ||||||
Plantae | Stamens 10; corolla white or pink; filament bases dilated basally and densely villous, the anthers tubular with conspicuous apical pore dehiscence; capsule 5-locular | ||||||
Xanthium | Leaf axil with a 1-3 cm long, yellow, 3-forked spine; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, mostly 2-5× as long as wide, cuneate at the base; burs bearing 0-1 apical beak (if 2, then unequal); [section Acanthoxanthium]. | ||||||
Xanthium | Leaf axil lacking a spine; leaf blades orbicular or broadly ovate, mostly 0.8-1.5× as long as wide, cordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate at the base; burs bearing 2 equal apical beaks; [section Xanthium]. | ||||||
Parietaria | Annual; achenes light brown, the apex rounded but with an apical mucro; tepals 1.5-2.0 mm long, shorter than the involucral bracts (1.8-5.0 mm long); [native, sometimes weedy]; [subgenus Freirea]. | ||||||
Viola | Leaf blades narrowly ovate, broadest well above the base, base broadly rounded to cuneate; apical half of blade with conspicuous marginal teeth; stem and leaves sparsely to moderately hirtellous with easily visible hairs; [north of GA and SC] | ||||||
Viola | Leaf blades lance-triangular to rhombic-lanceolate, broadest just above the base, base broadly cuneate to truncate; apical half of blade subentire; stem and leaves minutely puberulent, hairs requiring magnification to see clearly; [mostly south of TN and NC] | Leaf blades lance-triangular to rhombic-lanceolate, broadest just above the base, base broadly cuneate to truncate; apical half of blade subentire; stem and leaves minutely puberulent, hairs requiring magnification to see clearly; [mostly south of TN and NC] | |||||
Carex | Perigynia minutely but strongly and regularly serrulate on apical portion and beak, ± flattened; plants cespitose | ||||||
Carex | Apical teeth of perigynium beak erect; achenes oblong-obovoid or obovoid; at least proximal pistillate scales with 3-5 (-7)-veined center | Apical teeth of perigynium beak erect; achenes oblong-obovoid or obovoid; at least proximal pistillate scales with 3-5 (-7)-veined center | |||||
Carex | Apical teeth of perigynium beak reflexed; achenes elongate; pistillate scales with 1-veined center | ||||||
Carex | Sheaths glabrous; apical teeth of perigynium beak not more than 1 mm. | ||||||
Carex | Sheaths, at least the proximal sheath fronts, densely tomentose at mouth; apical teeth of perigynium beak often > 1 mm long | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium beak with apical teeth < 1 mm long. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium beak with apical teeth (0.4-) 0.6-3 mm long, often > 1 mm long | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium beak entire, emarginate, or with 2 apical teeth < 0.2 mm long. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium with distinct beak > 0.5 mm, usually with apical teeth > 0.1 mm long. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium beakless or with beak < 0.5 mm long, entire or with 2 apical teeth < 0.1 mm long. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium beak with apical teeth 0.2-1 mm. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynium beak entire, emarginate, or with apical teeth < 0.1 mm long | ||||||
Loasaceae | Stamens numerous (8-50+), often strongly exerted; petals 5 (sometimes superficially appearing to have ca. 10+ due to the presence of 5+ petaloid stamen filaments and 5 petals), fruits dehiscent (capsules with apical dehiscence); plants with two types of trichomes (antrorse/smooth or retrorse); [FL; s. and nc. TX northwards through AR, MO to ne IL westwards] | Stamens numerous (8-50+), often strongly exerted; petals 5 (sometimes superficially appearing to have ca. 10+ due to the presence of 5+ petaloid stamen filaments and 5 petals), fruits dehiscent (capsules with apical dehiscence); plants with two types of trichomes (antrorse/smooth or retrorse); [FL; s. and nc. TX northwards through AR, MO to ne IL westwards] | |||||
Botrychium | Lowest pair of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) lobes or leaflets, when present, not obviously larger than the next apical pair; lobes on well-developed plants usually square-oblong to obovate-oblong; stalk of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) inserted high on common stalk, usually at or above mid-height of plant; [primarily of forested wetlands] | Lowest pair of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) lobes or leaflets, when present, not obviously larger than the next apical pair; lobes on well-developed plants usually square-oblong to obovate-oblong; stalk of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) inserted high on common stalk, usually at or above mid-height of plant; [primarily of forested wetlands] | |||||
Botrychium | Lowest pair of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) lobes or leaflets, when present, often noticeably larger and more complex than the next apical pair; lobes varying from oblong to flabellate to reniform; stalk of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) usually borne near base of plant (sometimes toward mid-height); [primarily of open areas such as fields, shores, and banks] | Lowest pair of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) lobes or leaflets, when present, often noticeably larger and more complex than the next apical pair; lobes varying from oblong to flabellate to reniform; stalk of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) usually borne near base of plant (sometimes toward mid-height); [primarily of open areas such as fields, shores, and banks] | |||||
Botrychium | Lowest pair of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) leaflets (or lobes in dwarf individuals) obviously larger and more complex in most plants then next apical pair; many sterile leaf blades (trophophores) with a characteristically broad, rounded to obtuse, terminal segment | ||||||
Botrychium | Lowest pair of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) leaflets slightly, if at all, larger and more cleft or lobed than next apical pair; sterile leaf blades (trophophores) typically with small, narrow-flabellate terminal segments | Lowest pair of sterile leaf blade (trophophore) leaflets slightly, if at all, larger and more cleft or lobed than next apical pair; sterile leaf blades (trophophores) typically with small, narrow-flabellate terminal segments | |||||
Pelazoneuron | Apical portion of blade attenuated, different from the lateral pinnae; pinnae 0.4-4.8 cm wide. | ||||||
Pelazoneuron | Apical portion of blade similar to the lateral pinnae; pinnae < 2 cm wide | ||||||
Eleocharis | Culms 0.5-1.3 mm wide; usually with 10 blunt ribs, finely ridged and minutely granular (at 20x); distal leaf sheath nearly always bearing an apical tooth up to 2 mm long; [freshwater habitats, coastal plain ponds, often acidic; MA w. to MI, south to TX and FL] | ||||||
Eleocharis | Culms 0.35-2 mm wide; bearing up to 8 subacute ribs; distal leaf sheath not bearing an apical tooth [calcareous brackish or tidal habitats, inland calcareous fens, other similar limestone-influenced wetlands; ME, ON, south to FL, TX, further westward] | Culms 0.35-2 mm wide; bearing up to 8 subacute ribs; distal leaf sheath not bearing an apical tooth [calcareous brackish or tidal habitats, inland calcareous fens, other similar limestone-influenced wetlands; ME, ON, south to FL, TX, further westward] | |||||
Eleocharis | Some or most culms with the distal leaf sheath apex bearing a distinct tooth, the tooth (usually at least 0.2 mm long) sharpened to an apical point and much thinned from the obtuse or subtruncate (sometimes acute in E. tenuis) sheath below; distal leaf sheaths persistent (not splitting). | ||||||
Eleocharis | Culms sharply angled, usually deeply sulcate, to 0.8 mm wide; distal leaf sheaths usually with stout apical tooth 0.4-0.6(-0.9) mm; rhizomes slender, (0.8-) 0.9-1.4 (-1.9) mm wide, with longer internodes (3.2-) 4.6-7.7 (-10) mm, scales of rhizome (3.7-) 5.1-8.5 (-10.2) mm in length; tubercles depressed, rarely pyramidal (0.3-) 0.4-0.6 mm wide; achene elongate obovate to faintly spatulate, (0.7-) 0.9-1.1 mm long by 0.6-0.8 mm wide, obscurely to finely rugulose (at 10× magnification); [w. NC northeast to se. ME, disjunct to s. IL] | Culms sharply angled, usually deeply sulcate, to 0.8 mm wide; distal leaf sheaths usually with stout apical tooth 0.4-0.6(-0.9) mm; rhizomes slender, (0.8-) 0.9-1.4 (-1.9) mm wide, with longer internodes (3.2-) 4.6-7.7 (-10) mm, scales of rhizome (3.7-) 5.1-8.5 (-10.2) mm in length; tubercles depressed, rarely pyramidal (0.3-) 0.4-0.6 mm wide; achene elongate obovate to faintly spatulate, (0.7-) 0.9-1.1 mm long by 0.6-0.8 mm wide, obscurely to finely rugulose (at 10× magnification); [w. NC northeast to se. ME, disjunct to s. IL] | |||||
Eleocharis | Culms bluntly angled to smooth, seldom deeply sulcate, to 0.5 mm wide; distal leaf sheaths with or without apical tooth to 0.2 mm; rhizomes delicate to slender, 0.6-1.0 (-1.2) mm wide, with longer internodes (2.6-) 3.5-5.9 (-8.0), scales of rhizome (3.7-) 4.4-6.7 (-7.9) mm in length; tubercles pyramidal, rarely depressed (0.2-) 0.3-0.4 mm wide; achene obovate, rugulose to finely cancellate at 10×; [e. KY and w. NC northeast to NS] | Culms bluntly angled to smooth, seldom deeply sulcate, to 0.5 mm wide; distal leaf sheaths with or without apical tooth to 0.2 mm; rhizomes delicate to slender, 0.6-1.0 (-1.2) mm wide, with longer internodes (2.6-) 3.5-5.9 (-8.0), scales of rhizome (3.7-) 4.4-6.7 (-7.9) mm in length; tubercles pyramidal, rarely depressed (0.2-) 0.3-0.4 mm wide; achene obovate, rugulose to finely cancellate at 10×; [e. KY and w. NC northeast to NS] | |||||
Ipomoea | Leaf blade segments 11-19, lanceolate, 3-7 mm wide, parallel-sided near the base or narrowing towards the base, the apical portion of the segment narrowly triangular | Leaf blade segments 11-19, lanceolate, 3-7 mm wide, parallel-sided near the base or narrowing towards the base, the apical portion of the segment narrowly triangular | |||||
Poaceae | Lemma awns apical or dorsal (arising from the apex or back of the lemma or sometimes the midvein prolonged into a 1 mm awn), or sometimes awns absent (Rostraria). | ||||||
Bromeliaceae | Leaf margins entire; seeds with either basal or apical plumose appendages; plants epiphytes | ||||||
Paronychia | Plants diffuse annuals with slender taproots, the taproots of similar width or only slightly thicker than the primary stem; flowers 1-1.5 mm long; sepal lobes widely obovate (due to broadly distinct apical dilation), flowers appearing more broadly rounded (and obscurely or not strongly 5-angled) due to lack of conspicuously raised marginal costae; [south-central SC s. to FL, w. to AL] | Plants diffuse annuals with slender taproots, the taproots of similar width or only slightly thicker than the primary stem; flowers 1-1.5 mm long; sepal lobes widely obovate (due to broadly distinct apical dilation), flowers appearing more broadly rounded (and obscurely or not strongly 5-angled) due to lack of conspicuously raised marginal costae; [south-central SC s. to FL, w. to AL] | |||||
Dichanthium | Rachis joint hairs short; glumes without an arc of apical hairs; pedicellate spikelets usually staminate. | ||||||
Dichanthium | Rachis joints and pedicels with long white hairs; lower glume with an apical arc of long hairs; pedicellate spikelets usually sterile | ||||||
Fuirena | Perianth bristles mostly smooth and shorter than perianth blades; scales of the spikelets with 3 prominently raised medial ribs, the apical cusp ≥ the length of the scale; [s. AR s. to LA, w. to se OK and e. TX] | ||||||
Fuirena | Perianth bristles retrorsely barbed, reaching perianth blade base or beyond; scales of the spikelets with 3-5 (-7) lower ribs, the apical cusp 1/2-1x the length of the scale; [MA s. to FL, w. to c. TX] | ||||||
Symphyotrichum | Blades of mid-stem leaves spreading, the apical portion then abruptly deflexed, basally clasping; [of e. NC to c. peninsular FL] | ||||||
Asteraceae | Annuals, (1-) 2-10 (-30+) cm tall; corollas whitish, inconspicuous, absent on most of the (pistillate) flowers; leaves 2-3× pinnati-palmately lobed into linear segments; cypselae with an apical spine | Annuals, (1-) 2-10 (-30+) cm tall; corollas whitish, inconspicuous, absent on most of the (pistillate) flowers; leaves 2-3× pinnati-palmately lobed into linear segments; cypselae with an apical spine | |||||
Asteraceae | Receptacles typically with spine-like setae or enations (except Gaillardia aestivalis) or very short bristles (i.e. not appearing "chaffy" overall, but these setae apparent upon dissection of the heads); ray florets (apical portion of the laminae) either unlobed (Amblyolepis) or 3-5 lobed (Gaillardia). | Receptacles typically with spine-like setae or enations (except Gaillardia aestivalis) or very short bristles (i.e. not appearing "chaffy" overall, but these setae apparent upon dissection of the heads); ray florets (apical portion of the laminae) either unlobed (Amblyolepis) or 3-5 lobed (Gaillardia). | |||||
Asteraceae | Receptacles entirely epaleate, not bearing any minute setae; ray florets (apical portion of the laminae) 3-5 lobed. | ||||||
Asteraceae | Plants not aromatic; ray laminae not deflexed; cypsela with 3 ribs and 1-5 abaxial-apical resin sacs | ||||||
Asteraceae | Plants usually aromatic; maturing flowering heads with deflexed ray laminae; cypsela 5-ribbed, lacking apical resin sacs | ||||||
Plantae | Flowers solitary or in dichasia; fruit capsules dehiscing via apical valves | ||||||
Plantae | Stamens numerous (8-50+), often strongly exerted; petals 5 (sometimes superficially appearing to have ca. 10+ due to the presence of 5+ petaloid stamen filaments and 5 petals), fruits dehiscent (capsules with apical dehiscence); plants with two types of trichomes (antrorse/smooth or retrorse) | ||||||
Plantae | Petioles prominently 2-ribbed; fruits drupeaceous, bearing an apical rimmed collar; [plants trees or shrubs, sometimes scrambling; uncommon non-native in s. FL] | ||||||
Plantae | Plants never producing pneumatophores; leaf blades variously pubescent or glandular, but lacking conspcuous marginal or apical pit-domatia; [collectively widespread natives] | ||||||
Plantae | Plants sometimes with pneumatophores; leaf blades with apical and pit-domatia present; [non-native, s. FL] | ||||||
Plantae | Plants sometimes with pneumatophores; leaf blades with apical and pit-domatia present; [non-native, s. FL] | ||||||
Citrus | Mature fruit with an apical nipple, the rinds orange | Mature fruit with an apical nipple, the rinds orange | |||||
Citrus | Mature fruit with an apical nipple, the rinds green to yellow | Mature fruit with an apical nipple, the rinds green to yellow | |||||
Asteraceae | Cypselae of the rays and discs similar, monomorphic and not as above (the achenes weakly dimorphic in C. vialis, but the apical awns of similar length and the margins with only small, inconspicuous winglike projections) |
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