Flora of the Southeastern United States

Lycopodiaceae

Strobili borne on elongate, sparsely leafy peduncles borne at the tips of leafy, ascending branches; leaves with attenuate, hyaline hair-tips

Strobili borne on elongate, sparsely leafy peduncles borne at the tips of leafy, ascending branches; leaves with attenuate, hyaline hair-tips

Lycopodiaceae

Strobili borne on elongate, sparsely leafy peduncles borne at the tips of leafy, ascending branches; leaves with attenuate, hyaline hair-tips

Strobili borne on elongate, sparsely leafy peduncles borne at the tips of leafy, ascending branches; leaves with attenuate, hyaline hair-tips

Ophioglossum

Underground stem globose, nearly spherical, 3-11 mm in diameter; fertile spikes commonly with a conspicuous, acute or attenuate sterile portion (apiculum) at its apex; sterile blade 1-4 cm long, 0.5-2.5 cm wide, borne horizontally near the ground

Underground stem globose, nearly spherical, 3-11 mm in diameter; fertile spikes commonly with a conspicuous, acute or attenuate sterile portion (apiculum) at its apex; sterile blade 1-4 cm long, 0.5-2.5 cm wide, borne horizontally near the ground

Ophioglossum

Sterile blade elliptic, broadest near the middle, acute to attenuate at the base, pale green, dull, herbaceous in texture; basal frond sheath membranaceous and ephemeral; spores 50-60 μ in diameter

Sterile blade elliptic, broadest near the middle, acute to attenuate at the base, pale green, dull, herbaceous in texture; basal frond sheath membranaceous and ephemeral; spores 50-60 μ in diameter

Asplenium

Leaf blades 10-40 mm wide, lanceolate, lance-attenuate, or oblong.

Leaf blades 10-40 mm wide, lanceolate, lance-attenuate, or oblong.

Asplenium

Leaf apex long-attenuate and characteristically producing plantlets at the tip; veins anastomosing; [V. Schaffneria clade; A. cordatum subclade]

Leaf apex long-attenuate and characteristically producing plantlets at the tip; veins anastomosing; [V. Schaffneria clade; A. cordatum subclade]

Asplenium

Leaf apex long-attenuate and characteristically producing plantlets at the tip; veins anastomosing; [V. Schaffneria clade; A. cordatum subclade]

Leaf apex long-attenuate and characteristically producing plantlets at the tip; veins anastomosing; [V. Schaffneria clade; A. cordatum subclade]

Asplenium

Leaves pinnatifid (at least in the lower half of the leaf), pinnate, pinnate-pinnatifid, bipinnate, or tripinnate, the apex obtuse, acute, acuminate, or attenuate; veins free.

Leaves pinnatifid (at least in the lower half of the leaf), pinnate, pinnate-pinnatifid, bipinnate, or tripinnate, the apex obtuse, acute, acuminate, or attenuate; veins free.

Polypodium

Leaf blade averaging 5.8 cm wide (range of 3.2-8.2 cm), widest at the base, thus the blade elongate-deltoid in outline; rhizome scales averaging 1.1 mm wide, mostly golden brown throughout; paraphyses (sporangiasters) usually > 40 per sorus (range of 25-120); leaves mostly lobed to apex, without an attenuate, unlobed tip

Leaf blade averaging 5.8 cm wide (range of 3.2-8.2 cm), widest at the base, thus the blade elongate-deltoid in outline; rhizome scales averaging 1.1 mm wide, mostly golden brown throughout; paraphyses (sporangiasters) usually > 40 per sorus (range of 25-120); leaves mostly lobed to apex, without an attenuate, unlobed tip

Polypodium

Leaf blade averaging 4.5 cm wide (range of 3.0-5.8 cm); blade widest near the middle, thus the blade oblong to narrowly lanceolate in outline; rhizome scales averaging 1.5 mm wide, mostly brown, with a dark central stripe; paraphyses (sporangiasters) usually < 40 per sorus (range of 7-69); leaves mostly with an attenuate, unlobed tip

Leaf blade averaging 4.5 cm wide (range of 3.0-5.8 cm); blade widest near the middle, thus the blade oblong to narrowly lanceolate in outline; rhizome scales averaging 1.5 mm wide, mostly brown, with a dark central stripe; paraphyses (sporangiasters) usually < 40 per sorus (range of 7-69); leaves mostly with an attenuate, unlobed tip

Magnolia

Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]

Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]

Magnolia

Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]

Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]

Arisaema

Leaf with (5-) 7-15 leaflets, arranged pedately on a semicircular axis; spadix 9-20 cm long, attenuate, long-exserted from the spathe; [section Flagellarisaema].

Leaf with (5-) 7-15 leaflets, arranged pedately on a semicircular axis; spadix 9-20 cm long, attenuate, long-exserted from the spathe; [section Flagellarisaema].

Arisaema

Plant to 1.2 m tall; spathe apex caudate to attenuate; spathe hood underside green with whitish-green stripes; spadix 3-5 mm in diameter; [e. GA south to s. peninsular FL]

Plant to 1.2 m tall; spathe apex caudate to attenuate; spathe hood underside green with whitish-green stripes; spadix 3-5 mm in diameter; [e. GA south to s. peninsular FL]

Trillium

Leaves distinctly petiolate, borne in an ascending manner (strongly contrasting in position with the strongly deflexed sepals); petals usually ca. 2× as long as wide, attenuate to weakly clawed

Leaves distinctly petiolate, borne in an ascending manner (strongly contrasting in position with the strongly deflexed sepals); petals usually ca. 2× as long as wide, attenuate to weakly clawed

Trillium

Leaves distinctly petiolate, borne in an ascending manner (strongly contrasting in position with the strongly deflexed sepals); petals usually ca. 2× as long as wide, attenuate to weakly clawed

Leaves distinctly petiolate, borne in an ascending manner (strongly contrasting in position with the strongly deflexed sepals); petals usually ca. 2× as long as wide, attenuate to weakly clawed

Colchicaceae

Tepals red or orange, reflexed; leaves attenuate into a tendril-like tip; [exotic]; [tribe Colchiceae]

Tepals red or orange, reflexed; leaves attenuate into a tendril-like tip; [exotic]; [tribe Colchiceae]

Colchicaceae

Tepals red or orange, reflexed; leaves attenuate into a tendril-like tip; [exotic]; [tribe Colchiceae]

Tepals red or orange, reflexed; leaves attenuate into a tendril-like tip; [exotic]; [tribe Colchiceae]

Cypripedium

Pouch-like lip of flower yellow or white; lateral petals and dorsal sepal brown, purplish brown, or yellow, slightly to strongly twisted, acuminate-attenuate; [section Cypripedium].

Pouch-like lip of flower yellow or white; lateral petals and dorsal sepal brown, purplish brown, or yellow, slightly to strongly twisted, acuminate-attenuate; [section Cypripedium].

Catopsis

Leaves bright green, lacking chalky powder, abruptly narrowed above the dilated base to a long-attenuate tip; floral bracts 4-5 mm long; sepals 4-6 mm long

Leaves bright green, lacking chalky powder, abruptly narrowed above the dilated base to a long-attenuate tip; floral bracts 4-5 mm long; sepals 4-6 mm long

Eriocaulon

Heads soft (much flattened by a plant press, and easily compressed when fresh between finger and thumb); leaves pale green, the tip attenuate-subulate; scape sheaths longer than most leaves; involucral bracts gray or dark, the apex rounded or obtuse; receptacular bracteoles gray to dark gray, the apex acute; pistillate flower petals adaxially villous; all cells of club-shaped hairs on perianth white.

Heads soft (much flattened by a plant press, and easily compressed when fresh between finger and thumb); leaves pale green, the tip attenuate-subulate; scape sheaths longer than most leaves; involucral bracts gray or dark, the apex rounded or obtuse; receptacular bracteoles gray to dark gray, the apex acute; pistillate flower petals adaxially villous; all cells of club-shaped hairs on perianth white.

Rhynchospora

Tubercle 1.0-2.6 mm long, long-attenuate to subulate

Tubercle 1.0-2.6 mm long, long-attenuate to subulate

Rhynchospora

Tubercle 0.2-0.8 mm long, triangular to triangular-attenuate or with a strap-like beak.

Tubercle 0.2-0.8 mm long, triangular to triangular-attenuate or with a strap-like beak.

Rhynchospora

Basal leaves 1.3-4 mm wide, all much shorter than the culm; tubercle triangular to triangular-attenuate.

Basal leaves 1.3-4 mm wide, all much shorter than the culm; tubercle triangular to triangular-attenuate.

Rhynchospora

Longer bristles equaling to exceeding the achene body; achene body elliptic, 1.1-1.3 mm wide; tubercle triangular-attenuate; larger basal leaves 1.3-2.5 mm wide

Longer bristles equaling to exceeding the achene body; achene body elliptic, 1.1-1.3 mm wide; tubercle triangular-attenuate; larger basal leaves 1.3-2.5 mm wide

Poaceae

Ligules 4-8 (-15) mm long, acute to attenuate, entire (lacerate only by tearing)

Ligules 4-8 (-15) mm long, acute to attenuate, entire (lacerate only by tearing)

Dichanthelium

Larger blades 2-6 (-8) mm wide, 10-15× or more as long as wide (if shorter, then culms arising from hard corm-like bases and culms with 8-14 leaves); spikelets basally attenuate.

Larger blades 2-6 (-8) mm wide, 10-15× or more as long as wide (if shorter, then culms arising from hard corm-like bases and culms with 8-14 leaves); spikelets basally attenuate.

Dichanthelium

Spikelets (3.0-) 3.2-3.8 mm long, fusiform, pointed at summit, attenuate at base, with both glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma, the autumnal spikelets 3.5-3.8 mm long; larger vernal blades 3-6 mm wide, the lower and mid-culm blades of similar width; autumnal blades involute

Spikelets (3.0-) 3.2-3.8 mm long, fusiform, pointed at summit, attenuate at base, with both glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma, the autumnal spikelets 3.5-3.8 mm long; larger vernal blades 3-6 mm wide, the lower and mid-culm blades of similar width; autumnal blades involute

Dichanthelium

Spikelets 1.8-3.1 mm long, obovate, blunt, and the base not attenuate except in D. arenicoloides with autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long; larger vernal blades 2-8 mm wide, the lower usually wider and often shorter than mid-culm blades; autumnal blades involute or flat.

Spikelets 1.8-3.1 mm long, obovate, blunt, and the base not attenuate except in D. arenicoloides with autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long; larger vernal blades 2-8 mm wide, the lower usually wider and often shorter than mid-culm blades; autumnal blades involute or flat.

Dichanthelium

Longest vernal blades to 6 (-8) cm, widest vernal blades 2-5 mm; vernal and autumnal spikelets 1.7-2.3 mm long, blunt, not attenuate, the glumes attached <0.2 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.6-0.9 mm long; larger autumnal blades to 3 cm by 1 mm

Longest vernal blades to 6 (-8) cm, widest vernal blades 2-5 mm; vernal and autumnal spikelets 1.7-2.3 mm long, blunt, not attenuate, the glumes attached <0.2 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.6-0.9 mm long; larger autumnal blades to 3 cm by 1 mm

Dichanthelium

Longest vernal blades to 12 cm, widest vernal blades 3-4 (-5) mm; vernal spikelets 2.1-2.8 mm long; autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, pointed, attenuate, the glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.7-1.5 mm long; larger autumnal blades to 6 cm by 1.5 mm

Longest vernal blades to 12 cm, widest vernal blades 3-4 (-5) mm; vernal spikelets 2.1-2.8 mm long; autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, pointed, attenuate, the glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.7-1.5 mm long; larger autumnal blades to 6 cm by 1.5 mm

Dichanthelium

Spikelet bases strongly attenuate, apices blunt to beaked; first glume (2/5-) ½-2/3 (-4/5) as long as spikelet, attached 0.3-0.5 (-0.7) mm belong expansion of second glume and sterile lemma; larger vernal blades 3-6 (-7) mm wide

Spikelet bases strongly attenuate, apices blunt to beaked; first glume (2/5-) ½-2/3 (-4/5) as long as spikelet, attached 0.3-0.5 (-0.7) mm belong expansion of second glume and sterile lemma; larger vernal blades 3-6 (-7) mm wide

Dichanthelium

Spikelet bases not noticeably attenuate, apices rounded to obtuse; first glume < ½ as long as spikelet, attached < 0.3 mm below expansion of second glume and sterile lemma; larger vernal blades 5-12 mm wide.

Spikelet bases not noticeably attenuate, apices rounded to obtuse; first glume < ½ as long as spikelet, attached < 0.3 mm below expansion of second glume and sterile lemma; larger vernal blades 5-12 mm wide.

Dichanthelium

Spikelets (3.0-) 3.2-3.8 mm long, fusiform, pointed at summit, attenuate at base, with both glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma, the autumnal spikelets 3.5-3.8 mm long; larger vernal leaf blades 3-6 mm wide, the lower and mid-culm leaf blades of similar width; autumnal leaf blades involute

Spikelets (3.0-) 3.2-3.8 mm long, fusiform, pointed at summit, attenuate at base, with both glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma, the autumnal spikelets 3.5-3.8 mm long; larger vernal leaf blades 3-6 mm wide, the lower and mid-culm leaf blades of similar width; autumnal leaf blades involute

Dichanthelium

Spikelets 1.8-3.1 mm long, obovate, blunt, and the base not attenuate (except in D. arenicoloides with autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long); larger vernal leaf blades 2-8 mm wide, the lower usually wider and often shorter than mid-culm leaf blades; autumnal leaf blades involute or flat.

Spikelets 1.8-3.1 mm long, obovate, blunt, and the base not attenuate (except in D. arenicoloides with autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long); larger vernal leaf blades 2-8 mm wide, the lower usually wider and often shorter than mid-culm leaf blades; autumnal leaf blades involute or flat.

Dichanthelium

Longest vernal leaf blades to 12 cm, widest vernal leaf blades 3-4 (-5) mm; vernal spikelets 2.1-2.8 mm long; autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, pointed, attenuate, the glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.7-1.5 mm long; larger autumnal leaf blades to 6 cm by 1.5 mm

Longest vernal leaf blades to 12 cm, widest vernal leaf blades 3-4 (-5) mm; vernal spikelets 2.1-2.8 mm long; autumnal spikelets 2.3-3.1 mm long, pointed, attenuate, the glumes attached 0.3-0.5 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.7-1.5 mm long; larger autumnal leaf blades to 6 cm by 1.5 mm

Dichanthelium

Longest vernal leaf blades to 6 (-8) cm, widest vernal leaf blades 2-5 mm; vernal and autumnal spikelets 1.7-2.3 mm long, blunt, not attenuate, the glumes attached < 0.2 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.6-0.9 mm long; larger autumnal leaf blades to 3 cm by 1 mm

Longest vernal leaf blades to 6 (-8) cm, widest vernal leaf blades 2-5 mm; vernal and autumnal spikelets 1.7-2.3 mm long, blunt, not attenuate, the glumes attached < 0.2 mm below sterile lemma; first glumes 0.6-0.9 mm long; larger autumnal leaf blades to 3 cm by 1 mm

Dichanthelium

Spikelet bases strongly attenuate, apices blunt to beaked; first glume (2/5-) ½-2/3 (-4/5) as long as spikelet, attached 0.3-0.5 (-0.7) mm below expansion of second glume and sterile lemma

Spikelet bases strongly attenuate, apices blunt to beaked; first glume (2/5-) ½-2/3 (-4/5) as long as spikelet, attached 0.3-0.5 (-0.7) mm below expansion of second glume and sterile lemma

Dichanthelium

Spikelet bases not noticeably attenuate, apices rounded to acute; first glume < ½ as long as spikelet, attached < 0.3 mm below expansion of second glume and sterile lemma.

Spikelet bases not noticeably attenuate, apices rounded to acute; first glume < ½ as long as spikelet, attached < 0.3 mm below expansion of second glume and sterile lemma.

Crassulaceae

Flowers 5-merous, bisexual; flowering stems 2-10 dm tall, from an underground, tuberous base; average leaves 3-11 cm long, 1-5 cm wide; ovaries attenuate at the base; [tribe Telephieae]

Flowers 5-merous, bisexual; flowering stems 2-10 dm tall, from an underground, tuberous base; average leaves 3-11 cm long, 1-5 cm wide; ovaries attenuate at the base; [tribe Telephieae]

Crassulaceae

Flowers 4 -(5)-merous, usually unisexual and then the plants dioecious; flowering stems 0.5-4 dm tall, from axils of brown scale-leaves clothing a stout rootstock at least in part exposed aboveground; average leaves 1-5 cm long, 0.4-1.5 cm wide; ovaries not attenuate at the base; [tribe Umbiliceae]

Flowers 4 -(5)-merous, usually unisexual and then the plants dioecious; flowering stems 0.5-4 dm tall, from axils of brown scale-leaves clothing a stout rootstock at least in part exposed aboveground; average leaves 1-5 cm long, 0.4-1.5 cm wide; ovaries not attenuate at the base; [tribe Umbiliceae]

Prunus

Leaf serrations single to double, the tips of the serrations acuminate to attenuate; leaf blades strongly acuminate to attenuate-caudate.

Leaf serrations single to double, the tips of the serrations acuminate to attenuate; leaf blades strongly acuminate to attenuate-caudate.

Prunus

Leaf serrations attenuate; tree with upright form; leaf apices attenuate-caudate; twigs, petioles, and leaf blades glabrous; [subgenus Cerasus, section Sargentiella]

Leaf serrations attenuate; tree with upright form; leaf apices attenuate-caudate; twigs, petioles, and leaf blades glabrous; [subgenus Cerasus, section Sargentiella]

Crataegus

Leaf blade attenuate along most of petiole, margin subentire, obscurely toothed near apex

Leaf blade attenuate along most of petiole, margin subentire, obscurely toothed near apex

Crataegus

Leaves elliptic-obovate, blade attenuate for about half of petiole

Leaves elliptic-obovate, blade attenuate for about half of petiole

Crataegus

Leaves generally spatulate, blade attenuate for most of petiole

Leaves generally spatulate, blade attenuate for most of petiole

Quercus

Upper scales of the acorn cups long-attenuate into nearly terete awns; acorn cup covering 1/3 to 1/2 of the acorn; [Mountains of VA]

Upper scales of the acorn cups long-attenuate into nearly terete awns; acorn cup covering 1/3 to 1/2 of the acorn; [Mountains of VA]

Morella

Small shrub (usually < 1 m tall), strongly stoloniferous; leaves of fertile branches 1.5-5 cm long, 3-13 mm wide, very narrowly cuneate or attenuate, the leaves near the branch tips reduced in size compared to those lower on the branch; leaf surfaces very densely glandular, the glands giving the upper leaf surface a reddish (ferruginous) or yellow cast; [restricted to Coastal Plain pinelands (or areas formerly so)]

Small shrub (usually < 1 m tall), strongly stoloniferous; leaves of fertile branches 1.5-5 cm long, 3-13 mm wide, very narrowly cuneate or attenuate, the leaves near the branch tips reduced in size compared to those lower on the branch; leaf surfaces very densely glandular, the glands giving the upper leaf surface a reddish (ferruginous) or yellow cast; [restricted to Coastal Plain pinelands (or areas formerly so)]

Betula

Leaves glabrous beneath or somewhat pubescent on the veins; bark of young stems remaining tight; leaf apex long-acuminate to attenuate; central lobe of infructescence scales shorter than the basal and lateral lobes.

Leaves glabrous beneath or somewhat pubescent on the veins; bark of young stems remaining tight; leaf apex long-acuminate to attenuate; central lobe of infructescence scales shorter than the basal and lateral lobes.

Betula

Leaf apex long-acuminate, but not attenuate; infructescence scales sparsely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees creamy to bright white

Leaf apex long-acuminate, but not attenuate; infructescence scales sparsely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees creamy to bright white

Betula

Leaf apex long-acuminate, but not attenuate; infructescence scales sparsely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees creamy to bright white

Leaf apex long-acuminate, but not attenuate; infructescence scales sparsely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees creamy to bright white

Betula

Leaf apex attenuate-acuminate; infructescence scales densely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees grayish white

Leaf apex attenuate-acuminate; infructescence scales densely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees grayish white

Betula

Leaf apex attenuate-acuminate; infructescence scales densely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees grayish white

Leaf apex attenuate-acuminate; infructescence scales densely pubescent on the outer surface; bark of mature trees grayish white

Pombalia

Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex acute or abruptly attenuate, margins shallowly serrate to serrulate (rarely subentire); corolla whitish to violet or purple, > 15 mm long, bottom petal 2.5-3× as long as others; [exotic, Miami-Dade Co., FL]

Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex acute or abruptly attenuate, margins shallowly serrate to serrulate (rarely subentire); corolla whitish to violet or purple, > 15 mm long, bottom petal 2.5-3× as long as others; [exotic, Miami-Dade Co., FL]

Viola

Corolla white with a yellow center, ventral surface of petals pink- or violet-tinged, dorsal surface of aging flowers fading to pink or violet; stipules long-triangular, attenuate

Corolla white with a yellow center, ventral surface of petals pink- or violet-tinged, dorsal surface of aging flowers fading to pink or violet; stipules long-triangular, attenuate

Viola

Leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 8-15× as long as broad, (2-) 4-9 (-13) mm broad, tapering gradually to the petiole; gland of marginal teeth ascending to spreading, margins commonly appearing denticulate; summer plants rarely producing surficial stolons, these leafless and non-reproductive; lowest sepals of chasmogamous flowers linear-lanceolate to lance-triangular, acuminate to attenuate; foliage glabrous to moderately hirtellous; [se. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain]

Leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 8-15× as long as broad, (2-) 4-9 (-13) mm broad, tapering gradually to the petiole; gland of marginal teeth ascending to spreading, margins commonly appearing denticulate; summer plants rarely producing surficial stolons, these leafless and non-reproductive; lowest sepals of chasmogamous flowers linear-lanceolate to lance-triangular, acuminate to attenuate; foliage glabrous to moderately hirtellous; [se. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain]

Rhus

Leaflets 11-25, attenuate to base, 2-9 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, either >3× as long as wide or < 4 cm long; leaflet margins entire (rarely serrate); leaflet apex rounded, obtuse, acute, or acuminate (often at least the more basal leaflets with an obtuse tip)

Leaflets 11-25, attenuate to base, 2-9 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, either >3× as long as wide or < 4 cm long; leaflet margins entire (rarely serrate); leaflet apex rounded, obtuse, acute, or acuminate (often at least the more basal leaflets with an obtuse tip)

Corchorus

Capsule with an attenuate beak; seeds separated by incomplete transverse partitions

Capsule with an attenuate beak; seeds separated by incomplete transverse partitions

Crocanthemum

Stems mostly 10-30 cm tall, scattered, arising from horizontal elongate rootstocks; distinct portion of the outer sepals of the cleistogamous flowers rudimentary, knob-like, 0.2-0.5 mm long, 1-2× as long as wide; distinct portion of calyx of the chasmogamous flowers (0.7-) 1.5-3.0 (-4.0) mm long; cleistogamous capsules somewhat rounded in cross-section; leaf with narrowly cuneate to attenuate base

Stems mostly 10-30 cm tall, scattered, arising from horizontal elongate rootstocks; distinct portion of the outer sepals of the cleistogamous flowers rudimentary, knob-like, 0.2-0.5 mm long, 1-2× as long as wide; distinct portion of calyx of the chasmogamous flowers (0.7-) 1.5-3.0 (-4.0) mm long; cleistogamous capsules somewhat rounded in cross-section; leaf with narrowly cuneate to attenuate base

Hudsonia

Sepals acuminate, with attenuate apices 1-2 mm long; stamens 20-30; leaves 5-7 mm long, glabrate to sparsely villous; fruits urceolate to campanulate; [of the Mountains of NC]

Sepals acuminate, with attenuate apices 1-2 mm long; stamens 20-30; leaves 5-7 mm long, glabrate to sparsely villous; fruits urceolate to campanulate; [of the Mountains of NC]

Fallopia

Fruiting perianth wings usually truncate to attenuate-decurrent on stipelike base, flat, or (less often) undulate or crinkled, margins entire (rarely undulate-crenate)

Fruiting perianth wings usually truncate to attenuate-decurrent on stipelike base, flat, or (less often) undulate or crinkled, margins entire (rarely undulate-crenate)

Polygonella

Perennial, much-branched from near the distinctly woody base; leaves with hyaline margins toward the tip, persistent through fruiting; ocreae obtuse, acute, acuminate, or aristate-attenuate; achenes (0.7-) 0.8-1.0 (-1.2) mm wide.

Perennial, much-branched from near the distinctly woody base; leaves with hyaline margins toward the tip, persistent through fruiting; ocreae obtuse, acute, acuminate, or aristate-attenuate; achenes (0.7-) 0.8-1.0 (-1.2) mm wide.

Polygonella

Vernal leaves (larger leaves toward the base of the plant) 4-13 mm long, 0.5-1.2 (-2.1) mm wide, linear to linear-spatulate; leaf ocreae tips 1-1.5 mm long, acuminate to aristate-attenuate; floral ocreolae orange-reddish to orange-brownish throughout or pale distally, the pale portion no more than 1/5 the length of the ocreolae; longitudinal grooves evident in ocreolae

Vernal leaves (larger leaves toward the base of the plant) 4-13 mm long, 0.5-1.2 (-2.1) mm wide, linear to linear-spatulate; leaf ocreae tips 1-1.5 mm long, acuminate to aristate-attenuate; floral ocreolae orange-reddish to orange-brownish throughout or pale distally, the pale portion no more than 1/5 the length of the ocreolae; longitudinal grooves evident in ocreolae

Rumex

Leaf blades widest at the middle or toward the base; leaf apex acute or attenuate (rarely nearly obtuse).

Leaf blades widest at the middle or toward the base; leaf apex acute or attenuate (rarely nearly obtuse).

Solanaceae

Leaves broadly elliptical, rounded at the base; corolla lobes > 2× as long as wide, attenuate at the tip; [tribe Jaboroseae]

Leaves broadly elliptical, rounded at the base; corolla lobes > 2× as long as wide, attenuate at the tip; [tribe Jaboroseae]

Physalis

Leaf margins strongly dentate with 7-10 (or more) teeth per side; fruiting pedicels 12 mm or more long; mature fruiting calyx 2.5-4 cm (or more) long, the lobes long-acuminate to attenuate; corolla pubescent internally

Leaf margins strongly dentate with 7-10 (or more) teeth per side; fruiting pedicels 12 mm or more long; mature fruiting calyx 2.5-4 cm (or more) long, the lobes long-acuminate to attenuate; corolla pubescent internally

Penstemon

Corollas purplish to lavender; sepals linear-lanceolate, straight and attenuate, 5-9 mm long at anthesis; anthers glabrous to papillose

Corollas purplish to lavender; sepals linear-lanceolate, straight and attenuate, 5-9 mm long at anthesis; anthers glabrous to papillose

Penstemon

Leaves mostly 30-40 mm wide; corolla pale-lavender to whitish, usually strongly lined with dark purple; sepals linear-attenuate; [plants of dry to mesic calcareous uplands, of ne. AL and se. TN]

Leaves mostly 30-40 mm wide; corolla pale-lavender to whitish, usually strongly lined with dark purple; sepals linear-attenuate; [plants of dry to mesic calcareous uplands, of ne. AL and se. TN]

Verbascum

Basal and lower stem leaves with blades basally attenuate (V. thapsus) or distinctly petiolate (V. phlomoides); leaves densely and persistently tomentose on both surfaces; proximal filaments villous or glabrous, distal pair of filaments villous with yellowish to whitish hairs.

Basal and lower stem leaves with blades basally attenuate (V. thapsus) or distinctly petiolate (V. phlomoides); leaves densely and persistently tomentose on both surfaces; proximal filaments villous or glabrous, distal pair of filaments villous with yellowish to whitish hairs.

Lantana

Stems, leaves, and inflorescence bracts moderately to densely covered with (and whitened or yellowed by) strongly appressed, stiff, usually straight hairs; inflorescence bract apices attenuate or caudate (abruptly tapered to a long tail-like tip)

Stems, leaves, and inflorescence bracts moderately to densely covered with (and whitened or yellowed by) strongly appressed, stiff, usually straight hairs; inflorescence bract apices attenuate or caudate (abruptly tapered to a long tail-like tip)

Verbena

Leaves basally attenuate to short-petiolate; corolla tubes 2.5-5 mm long.

Leaves basally attenuate to short-petiolate; corolla tubes 2.5-5 mm long.

Scutellaria

Corolla glabrous, lower lip with an immaculate the white central band; leaf bases long-attenuate

Corolla glabrous, lower lip with an immaculate the white central band; leaf bases long-attenuate

Physostegia

All or most of the largest leaves sharply serrate; apex of the leaves acute to attenuate.

All or most of the largest leaves sharply serrate; apex of the leaves acute to attenuate.

Physostegia

Half or more of the larger leaves bluntly toothed to entire; apex of the leaves obtuse, or acute to attenuate.

Half or more of the larger leaves bluntly toothed to entire; apex of the leaves obtuse, or acute to attenuate.

Physostegia

Raceme axis densely tomentose, the hairs mostly 0.2-0.3 mm long; calyx lobes at anthesis generally 2-3 mm long, attenuate or cuspidate

Raceme axis densely tomentose, the hairs mostly 0.2-0.3 mm long; calyx lobes at anthesis generally 2-3 mm long, attenuate or cuspidate

Physostegia

Flowers 22-35 mm long; larger stem leaves acute to attenuate at the tip; axis of raceme with at least some of the hairs 0.13-0.25 mm long; larger stem leaves mostly sharply serrate

Flowers 22-35 mm long; larger stem leaves acute to attenuate at the tip; axis of raceme with at least some of the hairs 0.13-0.25 mm long; larger stem leaves mostly sharply serrate

Ocimum

Calyx with a dense ring of hairs at throat (annulate), lower lobes deltoid-attenuate; corolla white to lavender, (5-) 6-12 mm long, strongly exserted beyond calyx, lower lobe toothed, hirtellous, annulate; anthers > 1 mm long; mericarps black-brown, strongly mucilaginous

Calyx with a dense ring of hairs at throat (annulate), lower lobes deltoid-attenuate; corolla white to lavender, (5-) 6-12 mm long, strongly exserted beyond calyx, lower lobe toothed, hirtellous, annulate; anthers > 1 mm long; mericarps black-brown, strongly mucilaginous

Pycnanthemum

Longer calyx lobes 1.5-5 mm long, attenuate-aristate, stiff, whitened; [Coastal Plain pinelands, rarely in Mountain bogs with Coastal Plain affinities].

Longer calyx lobes 1.5-5 mm long, attenuate-aristate, stiff, whitened; [Coastal Plain pinelands, rarely in Mountain bogs with Coastal Plain affinities].

Pycnanthemum

Longer calyx teeth 1.0-1.5 mm long, lanceolate and attenuate; bracts of the inflorescence and leaves glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on the upper surface

Longer calyx teeth 1.0-1.5 mm long, lanceolate and attenuate; bracts of the inflorescence and leaves glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on the upper surface

Pycnanthemum

Calyx lobes attenuate, with stiff hairs usually extending beyond the apex; anthers nonfunctional, included; stems with long hairs (0.1-0.6 mm long), clearly hairy to the naked eye

Calyx lobes attenuate, with stiff hairs usually extending beyond the apex; anthers nonfunctional, included; stems with long hairs (0.1-0.6 mm long), clearly hairy to the naked eye

Pycnanthemum

Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, their apices acuminate to attenuate; calyx tube 1-2× as long as the longest (lower) calyx lobes.

Calyx lobes narrowly triangular, their apices acuminate to attenuate; calyx tube 1-2× as long as the longest (lower) calyx lobes.

Salvia

Leaves lanceolate, linear, or narrowly elliptic, the bases cuneate to attenuate.

Leaves lanceolate, linear, or narrowly elliptic, the bases cuneate to attenuate.

Orobanchaceae

Calyx divided to the base into 2 lateral halves, these usually 2-lobed, the 4 lobes long-attenuate or caudate; stem unbranched

Calyx divided to the base into 2 lateral halves, these usually 2-lobed, the 4 lobes long-attenuate or caudate; stem unbranched

Orobanche

Calyx divided to the base into 2 lateral halves, these usually 2-lobed, the 4 lobes long-attenuate or caudate; stem unbranched

Calyx divided to the base into 2 lateral halves, these usually 2-lobed, the 4 lobes long-attenuate or caudate; stem unbranched

Ilex

Leaves 6-16 cm long (the largest, at least, > 8 cm long), narrowly to broadly ovate, the base usually cuneate, the apex long acuminate to attenuate, the marginal teeth rather coarse; petioles of mature leaves usually > 1 cm long; fruits 9-12 mm in diameter; plant a shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; [of the Mountains and upper Piedmont]

Leaves 6-16 cm long (the largest, at least, > 8 cm long), narrowly to broadly ovate, the base usually cuneate, the apex long acuminate to attenuate, the marginal teeth rather coarse; petioles of mature leaves usually > 1 cm long; fruits 9-12 mm in diameter; plant a shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; [of the Mountains and upper Piedmont]

Chrysopsis

Phyllary tips acuminate, attenuate, or subulate, spreading to reflexed; [of FL Panhandle and s. AL].

Phyllary tips acuminate, attenuate, or subulate, spreading to reflexed; [of FL Panhandle and s. AL].

Chrysopsis

Phyllary tips spreading to reflexed, twisted, usually long-attenuate, eglandular; cypselas with 6-10-ridges; [of n. FL southwards]

Phyllary tips spreading to reflexed, twisted, usually long-attenuate, eglandular; cypselas with 6-10-ridges; [of n. FL southwards]

Echinacea

Leaves lanceolate to linear, the larger (basal) leaves 1-3 (-4) cm wide and cuneate to attenuate at the base.

Leaves lanceolate to linear, the larger (basal) leaves 1-3 (-4) cm wide and cuneate to attenuate at the base.

Eupatorium

Phyllaries acuminate to attenuate.

Phyllaries acuminate to attenuate.

Eupatorium

Leaves moderately pubescent; lower stem pubescence typically spreading, the hairs 0.5-1 mm long; phyllaries (at least the inner) long-attenuate.

Leaves moderately pubescent; lower stem pubescence typically spreading, the hairs 0.5-1 mm long; phyllaries (at least the inner) long-attenuate.

Eupatorium

Involucre 4.5-7 mm high; leaves acute to attenuate-acuminate, lanceolate, the 2 main lateral veins separating from the midvein at the base; leaves rarely 3 per node.

Involucre 4.5-7 mm high; leaves acute to attenuate-acuminate, lanceolate, the 2 main lateral veins separating from the midvein at the base; leaves rarely 3 per node.

Eupatorium

Leaf surfaces densely glandular-punctate, sparsely puberulent (mainly on the veins), the hairs short; stem sparsely puberulent; leaves serrate to pinnatifid, the teeth often 1-5 mm long (measured on the side toward the leaf apex), often salient or divergent; leaves attenuate-acuminate, the terminal 1/3 extended and generally entire

Leaf surfaces densely glandular-punctate, sparsely puberulent (mainly on the veins), the hairs short; stem sparsely puberulent; leaves serrate to pinnatifid, the teeth often 1-5 mm long (measured on the side toward the leaf apex), often salient or divergent; leaves attenuate-acuminate, the terminal 1/3 extended and generally entire

Helianthus

Phyllaries attenuate, conspicuously exceeding the disk in length and reflexed, apically with numerous subsessile glandular trichomes (‘resin dots’); leaf bases often convex, the basically ovate or lance-ovate blade joined to a broadly winged and gradually narrowed petiole

Phyllaries attenuate, conspicuously exceeding the disk in length and reflexed, apically with numerous subsessile glandular trichomes (‘resin dots’); leaf bases often convex, the basically ovate or lance-ovate blade joined to a broadly winged and gradually narrowed petiole

Helianthus

Phyllaries acute to attenuate, but not reflexed, subsessile glandular trichomes present or absent; leaf bases usually attenuate to truncate or rounded, the blade lance-linear or lanceolate, or if ovate or lance-ovate either sessile or with a petiole that is at most narrowly winged.

Phyllaries acute to attenuate, but not reflexed, subsessile glandular trichomes present or absent; leaf bases usually attenuate to truncate or rounded, the blade lance-linear or lanceolate, or if ovate or lance-ovate either sessile or with a petiole that is at most narrowly winged.

Marshallia

Lower stem leaves (and basal leaves) erect, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, with attenuate or long-acuminate apices, relatively thick in texture, the 2-4 lateral nerves (parallel to the midnerve) prominent; caudex with fibrous remnants of the previous year's leaves (if not burned off); phyllaries thick, ovate-attenuate, gradually narrowing to the next series; [NC, SC, and extreme e. GA]

Lower stem leaves (and basal leaves) erect, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, with attenuate or long-acuminate apices, relatively thick in texture, the 2-4 lateral nerves (parallel to the midnerve) prominent; caudex with fibrous remnants of the previous year's leaves (if not burned off); phyllaries thick, ovate-attenuate, gradually narrowing to the next series; [NC, SC, and extreme e. GA]

Symphyotrichum

Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.

Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.

Symphyotrichum

Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.

Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.

Symphyotrichum

Phyllaries with attenuate, loosely spreading tips; disc flowers 50-110; ray flowers (40-) 50-75 (-100); [section Polyliguli]

Phyllaries with attenuate, loosely spreading tips; disc flowers 50-110; ray flowers (40-) 50-75 (-100); [section Polyliguli]

Symphyotrichum

Phyllaries with obtuse to acute tips (the inner phyllaries sometimes acuminate, but not attenuate); disc flowers 15-50; ray flowers 9-24 (-30); [section Patentes, series Patentes]

Phyllaries with obtuse to acute tips (the inner phyllaries sometimes acuminate, but not attenuate); disc flowers 15-50; ray flowers 9-24 (-30); [section Patentes, series Patentes]

Symphyotrichum

Phyllaries with obtuse to acute tips (the inner phyllaries sometimes acuminate, but not attenuate); disc flowers 15-50; ray flowers 9-24 (-30); [section Patentes, series Patentes]

Phyllaries with obtuse to acute tips (the inner phyllaries sometimes acuminate, but not attenuate); disc flowers 15-50; ray flowers 9-24 (-30); [section Patentes, series Patentes]

Symphyotrichum

Phyllaries with obtuse to acute tips (the inner phyllaries sometimes acuminate, but not attenuate); disc flowers 15-50; ray flowers 9-24 (-30); [section Patentes, series Patentes]

Phyllaries with obtuse to acute tips (the inner phyllaries sometimes acuminate, but not attenuate); disc flowers 15-50; ray flowers 9-24 (-30); [section Patentes, series Patentes]

Plantae

Plant with many leaves, generally 5 or more, not divided into separate sterile and fertile segments, the leaves either (a) small, 0.3-1.6 cm long, obovate, scattered along a very thin creeping rhizome, or (b) larger, (2-) 8-30 cm long, cordate at base, the tip long-attenuate (often proliferous, bearing a plantlet at the tip).

Plant with many leaves, generally 5 or more, not divided into separate sterile and fertile segments, the leaves either (a) small, 0.3-1.6 cm long, obovate, scattered along a very thin creeping rhizome, or (b) larger, (2-) 8-30 cm long, cordate at base, the tip long-attenuate (often proliferous, bearing a plantlet at the tip).

Plantae

Leaf blades (2-) 8-30 cm long, cordate at the base, the tip long-attenuate, often proliferous (bearing a plantlet at the tip); sporangia grouped into indusiate sori on the undersurface; leaf texture moderately thick; rhizome erect or ascending, 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, the leaves clustered from its tip

Leaf blades (2-) 8-30 cm long, cordate at the base, the tip long-attenuate, often proliferous (bearing a plantlet at the tip); sporangia grouped into indusiate sori on the undersurface; leaf texture moderately thick; rhizome erect or ascending, 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, the leaves clustered from its tip

Plantae

Leaf blades with a long-attenuate apex, blade lobed for up to 2/3 its length; sori elongate

Leaf blades with a long-attenuate apex, blade lobed for up to 2/3 its length; sori elongate

Plantae

Leaves without a long-attenuate apex, blade lobed for > 4/5 of its length; sori round

Leaves without a long-attenuate apex, blade lobed for > 4/5 of its length; sori round

Plantae

Leaves 4-9 cm wide, the tip long-attenuate; indusium pocket-like or hood-like

Leaves 4-9 cm wide, the tip long-attenuate; indusium pocket-like or hood-like

Plantae

Leaves 4-9 cm wide, the tip long-attenuate; indusium pocket-like or hood-like

Leaves 4-9 cm wide, the tip long-attenuate; indusium pocket-like or hood-like

Plantae

Leaves 4-9 cm wide, the tip long-attenuate; indusium pocket-like or hood-like

Leaves 4-9 cm wide, the tip long-attenuate; indusium pocket-like or hood-like

Plantae

Leaves 3 (-5)-lobed, to 35 cm wide and long, each lobe coarsely toothed or sublobed, the teeth or sublobes (at most 1-2 per cm of margin) attenuate-acuminate; multiple fruit spherical and merely rough on the surface, consisting of multiple achenes with tawny bristles; buds infrapetiolar (completely hidden in the swollen petiole base)

Leaves 3 (-5)-lobed, to 35 cm wide and long, each lobe coarsely toothed or sublobed, the teeth or sublobes (at most 1-2 per cm of margin) attenuate-acuminate; multiple fruit spherical and merely rough on the surface, consisting of multiple achenes with tawny bristles; buds infrapetiolar (completely hidden in the swollen petiole base)

Quercus

Leaves evergreen; acorn cups with 3-8 concentric ridges made up of fused scales; leaf tips attenuate to strongly acuminate; [section Cyclobalanopsis; "Glauca group"]

Leaves evergreen; acorn cups with 3-8 concentric ridges made up of fused scales; leaf tips attenuate to strongly acuminate; [section Cyclobalanopsis; "Glauca group"]

Quercus

Leaves deciduous; acorn cups not concentrically ridged; leaf tips not attenuate to strongly acuminate (except Q. acutissima).

Leaves deciduous; acorn cups not concentrically ridged; leaf tips not attenuate to strongly acuminate (except Q. acutissima).

Aristolochia

Calyx limb 20-50 cm in diameter, attenuate at the bottom into an elongate dangling appendage

Calyx limb 20-50 cm in diameter, attenuate at the bottom into an elongate dangling appendage

Glinus

Seeds smooth, strongly glossy, 0.4-0.5 mm × 0.2-0.3 mm; sepal apices long-acuminate to attenuate

Seeds smooth, strongly glossy, 0.4-0.5 mm × 0.2-0.3 mm; sepal apices long-acuminate to attenuate

Eriogonum

Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 2-5 (-8) × 0.3-0.9 (-1.5) cm, 4-10× as long as wide, attenuate to rarely rounded at base, not auriculate-subclasping

Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 2-5 (-8) × 0.3-0.9 (-1.5) cm, 4-10× as long as wide, attenuate to rarely rounded at base, not auriculate-subclasping

Solanum

Leaf bases attenuate to cuneate; inflorescences mostly internodal, with 4-8 (-10) flowers; corolla with a central greenish yellow star with black or purple margins; berries dark green to greenish brown, marbled with white, becoming translucent and shiny; stone cells 1-3, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter

Leaf bases attenuate to cuneate; inflorescences mostly internodal, with 4-8 (-10) flowers; corolla with a central greenish yellow star with black or purple margins; berries dark green to greenish brown, marbled with white, becoming translucent and shiny; stone cells 1-3, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter

Persicaria

Leaf base acute to rounded (not attenuate); leaves ovate, corrugated and acuminate; mature leaves entirely green, without persistent dark purplish-brown chevron on adaxial surface (juvenile leaves often do have a chevron); leaves with 7-9 pairs of lateral veins; flowers green to white (very rarely, if ever, pink to red)

Leaf base acute to rounded (not attenuate); leaves ovate, corrugated and acuminate; mature leaves entirely green, without persistent dark purplish-brown chevron on adaxial surface (juvenile leaves often do have a chevron); leaves with 7-9 pairs of lateral veins; flowers green to white (very rarely, if ever, pink to red)

Persicaria

Leaf base cuneate to attenuate; leaves obovate and acute to short-acuminate; leaves with persistent dark purplish-brown chevron on adaxial surface; leaves with 7-13 pairs of lateral veins; flowers red (very rarely, if ever, white)

Leaf base cuneate to attenuate; leaves obovate and acute to short-acuminate; leaves with persistent dark purplish-brown chevron on adaxial surface; leaves with 7-13 pairs of lateral veins; flowers red (very rarely, if ever, white)

Liatris

Phyllaries 6-11, in 2-3 series, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-triangular, subequal (the inner 11-12 mm long), the apices acute to acute-attenuate (sometimes with narrow tips), lateral veins usually evident beyond middle, continuing nearly to tips); flowering mid Jul-Aug (-Sep)

Phyllaries 6-11, in 2-3 series, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-triangular, subequal (the inner 11-12 mm long), the apices acute to acute-attenuate (sometimes with narrow tips), lateral veins usually evident beyond middle, continuing nearly to tips); flowering mid Jul-Aug (-Sep)

Symphyotrichum

Phyllaries mostly obtuse to acute, sometimes acuminate, green zones foliaceous; mid and upper stem leaves mostly lanceolate or oblanceolate to linear, faces glabrous, bases slightly auriculate-clasping to short-petiolate and attenuate; stems sparsely hairy in lines above, otherwise glabrous; [series Symphyotrichum].

Phyllaries mostly obtuse to acute, sometimes acuminate, green zones foliaceous; mid and upper stem leaves mostly lanceolate or oblanceolate to linear, faces glabrous, bases slightly auriculate-clasping to short-petiolate and attenuate; stems sparsely hairy in lines above, otherwise glabrous; [series Symphyotrichum].

Symphyotrichum

Lower stem leaves attenuate, sessile to winged-petiolate; leaves thick-textured, often slightly fleshy; stems erect; [marshes, pine savannahs; Atlantic Coastal Plain of GA northwards, disjunct in w. NC]

Lower stem leaves attenuate, sessile to winged-petiolate; leaves thick-textured, often slightly fleshy; stems erect; [marshes, pine savannahs; Atlantic Coastal Plain of GA northwards, disjunct in w. NC]

Helianthus

Leaves mostly alternate; phyllaries 20-30, acute to long-attenuate at tip; [collectively widespread in our region].

Leaves mostly alternate; phyllaries 20-30, acute to long-attenuate at tip; [collectively widespread in our region].

Xanthisma

Phyllaries not markedly expanded above, linear to broadly oblong or lanceolate, 1-2 mm wide; phyllary apices narrowly obtuse to long-attenuate, usually bristle-tipped; [section Sideranthus].

Phyllaries not markedly expanded above, linear to broadly oblong or lanceolate, 1-2 mm wide; phyllary apices narrowly obtuse to long-attenuate, usually bristle-tipped; [section Sideranthus].

Eugenia

Twigs glabrous or glabrate (hairs, if present at all, widely scattered); leaf blades widest at or below their midpoints (elliptic to ovate); leaf apices acute, acuminate, to attenuate-caudate.

Twigs glabrous or glabrate (hairs, if present at all, widely scattered); leaf blades widest at or below their midpoints (elliptic to ovate); leaf apices acute, acuminate, to attenuate-caudate.

Dipsacaceae

Stem and leaves (midvein on the undersurface) prickly; flower heads (capitula) ovoid to cylindrical in flower and in fruit, (15-) 30-90 mm long; involucral bracts subtending the flower heads ascending to spreading, stiff, elongate, and attenuate, the longer > 30 mm long

Stem and leaves (midvein on the undersurface) prickly; flower heads (capitula) ovoid to cylindrical in flower and in fruit, (15-) 30-90 mm long; involucral bracts subtending the flower heads ascending to spreading, stiff, elongate, and attenuate, the longer > 30 mm long

Plantago

Leaves mostly broadly oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate, or spatulate, (3-) 4-10× as long as wide, attenuate to the only somewhat petiolar base; scapes solid and 5-angled, or hollow (to solid) and terete.

Leaves mostly broadly oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate, or spatulate, (3-) 4-10× as long as wide, attenuate to the only somewhat petiolar base; scapes solid and 5-angled, or hollow (to solid) and terete.

Oenothera

Cauline leaves 0.4-1.0 cm wide; apex of the inflorescence curved; free sepal tips subterminal, divergent; capsules spreading at nearly right angles to the stem, conspicuously curved upward, long-attenuate

Cauline leaves 0.4-1.0 cm wide; apex of the inflorescence curved; free sepal tips subterminal, divergent; capsules spreading at nearly right angles to the stem, conspicuously curved upward, long-attenuate

Rubus

Leaves glabrous (or very nearly so) beneath, sometimes with prickles on the midveins of the leaflets; canes with at most few and weak prickles; leaflets of the primocanes with attenuate to caudate apices

Leaves glabrous (or very nearly so) beneath, sometimes with prickles on the midveins of the leaflets; canes with at most few and weak prickles; leaflets of the primocanes with attenuate to caudate apices

Brickellia

Outer and middle phyllaries often nearly equaling the inner in length, with apices long-attenuate into falcate or twisted, filiform tips

Outer and middle phyllaries often nearly equaling the inner in length, with apices long-attenuate into falcate or twisted, filiform tips

Brickellia

Outer and middle phyllaries often nearly equaling the inner in length, with apices long-attenuate into loose and spreading, falcate or twisted, filiform tips

Outer and middle phyllaries often nearly equaling the inner in length, with apices long-attenuate into loose and spreading, falcate or twisted, filiform tips

Pavonia

Leaf blades entire to shallowly toothed, 6-18 cm long, the apex acuminate to attenuate-caudate; shrub 1-4 m tall; flowers in a terminal raceme; petals 12-18 mm long, pale yellow or greenish yellow; [s. FL]

Leaf blades entire to shallowly toothed, 6-18 cm long, the apex acuminate to attenuate-caudate; shrub 1-4 m tall; flowers in a terminal raceme; petals 12-18 mm long, pale yellow or greenish yellow; [s. FL]

Sida

Stems not glandular-viscid; petals yellowish to orange or salmon, usually with a dark orange or reddish base, fading rose-pink; calyces setose, the lobes trullate, attenuate-aristate (beaked in bud)

Stems not glandular-viscid; petals yellowish to orange or salmon, usually with a dark orange or reddish base, fading rose-pink; calyces setose, the lobes trullate, attenuate-aristate (beaked in bud)

Eleocharis

Spikelets cylindric, the width the same as the width of the culms; roots (usually) with conspicuous tubers; achenes 2.0-2.5 mm long; tubercles triangular-attenuate; [cultivated waif, GA, potentially elsewhere]

Spikelets cylindric, the width the same as the width of the culms; roots (usually) with conspicuous tubers; achenes 2.0-2.5 mm long; tubercles triangular-attenuate; [cultivated waif, GA, potentially elsewhere]

Eleocharis

Spikelets cylindric, the width the same as the width of the culms; roots (usually) with conspicuous tubers; achenes 2.0-2.5 mm long; tubercles triangular-attenuate; [cultivated waif, GA, potentially elsewhere]

Spikelets cylindric, the width the same as the width of the culms; roots (usually) with conspicuous tubers; achenes 2.0-2.5 mm long; tubercles triangular-attenuate; [cultivated waif, GA, potentially elsewhere]

Eleocharis

Proximal scale with subacute to acute apex, the scale ovate or lanceolate, the tip free; scale apices attenuate to acute throughout spikelet; perianth bristles vestigial to equaling achene or sometimes absent; tubercles pyramidal, semicircular, or birettaform; culms 2-40 cm long.

Proximal scale with subacute to acute apex, the scale ovate or lanceolate, the tip free; scale apices attenuate to acute throughout spikelet; perianth bristles vestigial to equaling achene or sometimes absent; tubercles pyramidal, semicircular, or birettaform; culms 2-40 cm long.

Equisetum

First internodes of the branches of the lowest whorl of branches equaling or surpassing the adjacent sheath and teeth of the main stem; teeth of the sheaths of the side branches acuminate-attenuate; ridges of the main stem with small bumps, feeling nearly smooth to the touch; central stem cavity approx. 25% of stem diameter; [widespread in our area but absent or sporadic in the southern most states]

First internodes of the branches of the lowest whorl of branches equaling or surpassing the adjacent sheath and teeth of the main stem; teeth of the sheaths of the side branches acuminate-attenuate; ridges of the main stem with small bumps, feeling nearly smooth to the touch; central stem cavity approx. 25% of stem diameter; [widespread in our area but absent or sporadic in the southern most states]

Lycopus

Calyx lobes triangular, attenuate to acute apex; leaves glabrous, glabrate, canescent or pubescent, sometimes densely so throughout; [widespread in our region]

Calyx lobes triangular, attenuate to acute apex; leaves glabrous, glabrate, canescent or pubescent, sometimes densely so throughout; [widespread in our region]

Selaginella

Megaspores 0.33-0.40 mm in diameter, shiny, more loosely reticulated; apices of median leaves long-attenuate to bristled, veined, the apices frequently recurved; lateral leaves ca. 1-2 mm × 0.5-1.3 mm

Megaspores 0.33-0.40 mm in diameter, shiny, more loosely reticulated; apices of median leaves long-attenuate to bristled, veined, the apices frequently recurved; lateral leaves ca. 1-2 mm × 0.5-1.3 mm

Symphyotrichum

Stem leaves winged-petiolate (lower, often withering by anthesis) to sessile (upper), often toothed, bases attenuate to auriculate-clasping (main stem leaves mostly > 3 cm long); leaves not crowded, internodes of main stem > 3.5 cm long; arrays eglandular; rays white in some species.

Stem leaves winged-petiolate (lower, often withering by anthesis) to sessile (upper), often toothed, bases attenuate to auriculate-clasping (main stem leaves mostly > 3 cm long); leaves not crowded, internodes of main stem > 3.5 cm long; arrays eglandular; rays white in some species.

Symphyotrichum

Mid and upper stem leaves elliptic to linear, cuneate or attenuate at base (auriculate-clasping but broader in S. rhiannon, rarely subclasping in other species); ray blades 3-11 (-13) mm; stems and leaf faces glabrous or pubescent.

Mid and upper stem leaves elliptic to linear, cuneate or attenuate at base (auriculate-clasping but broader in S. rhiannon, rarely subclasping in other species); ray blades 3-11 (-13) mm; stems and leaf faces glabrous or pubescent.

Symphyotrichum

Plants annuals, from a taproot, glabrous; involucres narrowly turbinate or cylindro-turbinate (in bloom, broadened from peduncle to apex); inflorescence open and diffuse, bracts subulate, appressed-ascending, and inconspicuous; stem leaves attenuate with strongly sheathing petioles; [subgenus Astropolium]

Plants annuals, from a taproot, glabrous; involucres narrowly turbinate or cylindro-turbinate (in bloom, broadened from peduncle to apex); inflorescence open and diffuse, bracts subulate, appressed-ascending, and inconspicuous; stem leaves attenuate with strongly sheathing petioles; [subgenus Astropolium]

Asteraceae

Phyllaries long-attenuate or loose and spreading

Phyllaries long-attenuate or loose and spreading

Asteraceae

Phyllaries appressed, not long-attenuate.

Phyllaries appressed, not long-attenuate.

Asteraceae

Leaf blades spatulate to obovate, cuneate to attenuate at the base, rounded or shallowly notched at the apex; leaf margins entire; leaves opposite below, alternate higher on the stems; [native of FL]

Leaf blades spatulate to obovate, cuneate to attenuate at the base, rounded or shallowly notched at the apex; leaf margins entire; leaves opposite below, alternate higher on the stems; [native of FL]

Symphyotrichum

Petioles not notably dilated at the base; mid and upper cauline blades narrowly lanceolate to linear, bases cuneate to attenuate, gradually narrowed onto the petiole or sessile; upper stems minutely strigillose or pilosulous, rarely glabrous; [series Concinni].

Petioles not notably dilated at the base; mid and upper cauline blades narrowly lanceolate to linear, bases cuneate to attenuate, gradually narrowed onto the petiole or sessile; upper stems minutely strigillose or pilosulous, rarely glabrous; [series Concinni].

Solidago

Upper stem leaves quickly reduced in size compared to the lower, ascending or appressed; basal and lower stem leaves elliptic to obovate (rarely ovate), acute or obtuse, with narrowly attenuate bases; [LA, TX, AR, and OK]

Upper stem leaves quickly reduced in size compared to the lower, ascending or appressed; basal and lower stem leaves elliptic to obovate (rarely ovate), acute or obtuse, with narrowly attenuate bases; [LA, TX, AR, and OK]

Solidago

Leaves 20-50 (-60) per stem; midstem leaves usually 4-5 cm long; phyllaries attenuate; [Mountains and Piedmont of GA northward, and Coastal Plain from VA northward]

Leaves 20-50 (-60) per stem; midstem leaves usually 4-5 cm long; phyllaries attenuate; [Mountains and Piedmont of GA northward, and Coastal Plain from VA northward]

Cuscuta

Flower clusters dense; calyx lobes acute-attenuate; hosts usually Iva annua, more rarely Symphyotrichum

Flower clusters dense; calyx lobes acute-attenuate; hosts usually Iva annua, more rarely Symphyotrichum

Asteraceae

Plants 10-35 dm tall; larger leaves (basal or low on the stem) with cuneate or attenuate bases, the blades 30-50 cm long; [non-native, rarely persistent or spreading from horticultural use]

Plants 10-35 dm tall; larger leaves (basal or low on the stem) with cuneate or attenuate bases, the blades 30-50 cm long; [non-native, rarely persistent or spreading from horticultural use]

Asteraceae

Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (sometimes cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.

Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (sometimes cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.

Solidago

Midstems densely pubescent; midstem leaves with attenuate to rounded bases; midvein of phyllaries as wide or wider than the tissue on each side (midveins of phyllaries equal or greater than 1/3 the phyllary width; [mainly Interior Highlands of AR and MO, rarely disjunct eastwards]

Midstems densely pubescent; midstem leaves with attenuate to rounded bases; midvein of phyllaries as wide or wider than the tissue on each side (midveins of phyllaries equal or greater than 1/3 the phyllary width; [mainly Interior Highlands of AR and MO, rarely disjunct eastwards]

Dichanthelium

Culm bases hard, thickened, corm-like; plants producing basal branches instead of rosettes, the branches ultimately producing the largest leaves, 4-13 cm long and 4-11 mm wide; vernal spikelets 2.3-2.7 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, autumnal spikelets 2.6-2.9 mm long, 1.0-1.1 mm wide; spikelets basally attenuate, the glumes attached 0.2-0.4 mm below expanding base of upper glume and lower lemma; [currently known only from sand ridges in peninsular FL]

Culm bases hard, thickened, corm-like; plants producing basal branches instead of rosettes, the branches ultimately producing the largest leaves, 4-13 cm long and 4-11 mm wide; vernal spikelets 2.3-2.7 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, autumnal spikelets 2.6-2.9 mm long, 1.0-1.1 mm wide; spikelets basally attenuate, the glumes attached 0.2-0.4 mm below expanding base of upper glume and lower lemma; [currently known only from sand ridges in peninsular FL]

Dichanthelium

Culm bases hard, thickened, corm-like; plants producing basal branches instead of rosettes, the branches ultimately producing the largest leaves, 4-13 cm long and 4-11 mm wide; vernal spikelets 2.3-2.7 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, autumnal spikelets 2.6-2.9 mm long, 1.0-1.1 mm wide; spikelets basally attenuate, the glumes attached 0.2-0.4 mm below expanding base of upper glume and lower lemma; [currently known only from dry sand ridges in peninsular FL]

Culm bases hard, thickened, corm-like; plants producing basal branches instead of rosettes, the branches ultimately producing the largest leaves, 4-13 cm long and 4-11 mm wide; vernal spikelets 2.3-2.7 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, autumnal spikelets 2.6-2.9 mm long, 1.0-1.1 mm wide; spikelets basally attenuate, the glumes attached 0.2-0.4 mm below expanding base of upper glume and lower lemma; [currently known only from dry sand ridges in peninsular FL]

Yucca

Inflorescence branches usually scurfy-pubescent or occasionally glabrous; tepals 3-5 cm long; leaves 1.5-4 cm wide, pliable, the apex attenuate-acuminate, not notably concave, the marginal fibrils usually short (to 4 cm long); [more common inland, and on a variety of soil types]

Inflorescence branches usually scurfy-pubescent or occasionally glabrous; tepals 3-5 cm long; leaves 1.5-4 cm wide, pliable, the apex attenuate-acuminate, not notably concave, the marginal fibrils usually short (to 4 cm long); [more common inland, and on a variety of soil types]