Click the triangle ▼ next to a column to customize it: then click the X to hide it, left or right arrow to move the column, or drag the double arrow to change a column's width.
Select previously saved view:
Save view with name:
| Scientific | Lead Number | Lead Position | Lead Characteristics | Lead Characteristics with Glossary | Line result key id | Line result taxon id | result text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carex | Pistillate scales, at least some, with a scabrous awn. | ||||||
Carex | Upper pistillate scales with awn > ½ as long as the body | ||||||
Carex | Upper pistillate scales acute to short-awned, awn < ½ as long as the body. | ||||||
Carex | Awn of pistillate scales 1-3 mm long; adaxial surface of perigynia with 3-5 nerves; [wet pine savannas; se. S, south to c. peninsular FL, west to LA] | ||||||
Carex | Awn of pistillate scales 0.5-1.5 mm long; adaxial surface of perigynia lacking nerves; [prairies; s. IL, MO, se. KS, and OK south to AR and se. TX, and also introduced eastwards in disturbed sites] | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia spreading, either nerved or nerveless on the upper (ventral) surface; scales acuminate or with an awn to 1.5 (-2.0) mm long; lowest inflorescence bract short, delicate, the free portion 0.5-2 cm long. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | |||||
Carex | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | Perigynia smooth to slightly papillose toward the apex, the papillae mostly < 10 μm long; lower pistillate scales usually acute or acuminate, tapering into the awn; sheaths strongly scabrous; [primarily montane in distribution southward (C. fumosimontana), or montane southward and more commonly in a variety of wetlands northward (C. gynandra)]. | |||||
Carex | Pistillate and staminate scale bodies dark reddish-brown; apex of pistillate scale bodies retuse with rounded shoulders, the awn extending from the notch; sheath faces with reddish-brown prickles; widest leaves per plant (3-) 4.5-6.5 (-8) mm wide; longest proximal spikes (29-) 42-60 (-76) mm long; longest distal spikes (20-) 29-40 (-48) mm long | Pistillate and staminate scale bodies dark reddish-brown; apex of pistillate scale bodies retuse with rounded shoulders, the awn extending from the notch; sheath faces with reddish-brown prickles; widest leaves per plant (3-) 4.5-6.5 (-8) mm wide; longest proximal spikes (29-) 42-60 (-76) mm long; longest distal spikes (20-) 29-40 (-48) mm long | |||||
Carex | Pistillate and staminate scale bodies clear, tan, or light golden-brown; apex of pistillate scale bodies acuminate to rounded (or rarely obliquely truncate) into the awn base; sheath faces with colorless prickles; widest leaves per plant (5-) 6.5-10.5 (-14) mm wide; longest proximal spikes (35-) 51-93 (-125) mm long; longest distal spikes (20-) 33-58 (-82) mm long | Pistillate and staminate scale bodies clear, tan, or light golden-brown; apex of pistillate scale bodies acuminate to rounded (or rarely obliquely truncate) into the awn base; sheath faces with colorless prickles; widest leaves per plant (5-) 6.5-10.5 (-14) mm wide; longest proximal spikes (35-) 51-93 (-125) mm long; longest distal spikes (20-) 33-58 (-82) mm long | |||||
Carex | Awn of the pistillate scale tapering gradually into the scale; perigynium 2-ribbed, and also distinctly and evenly nerved between the ribs; [of swamps and marshes] | Awn of the pistillate scale tapering gradually into the scale; perigynium 2-ribbed, and also distinctly and evenly nerved between the ribs; [of swamps and marshes] | |||||
Carex | Awn of the pistillate scale emerging from a retuse notch in the apex of the scale; perigynium 2-ribbed, obscurely nerved between the ribs; [generally of acid seepages, pocosins, and blackwater situations, often associated with Pinus serotina]. | Awn of the pistillate scale emerging from a retuse notch in the apex of the scale; perigynium 2-ribbed, obscurely nerved between the ribs; [generally of acid seepages, pocosins, and blackwater situations, often associated with Pinus serotina]. | |||||
Carex | Upper pistillate scales awned (awn 2.5-3 mm long); perigynia 4.5-6.0 mm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia puberulent, (5-) avg. 7 (-9) mm long; pistillate scales usually with the midrib excurrent as a short awn | Perigynia puberulent, (5-) avg. 7 (-9) mm long; pistillate scales usually with the midrib excurrent as a short awn | |||||
Carex | Pistillate scales with a prominent, scabrous awn (the body of the scale often ciliate as well). | ||||||
Carex | Plants densely to loosely cespitose, the rhizomes connecting individual culms in a clump < 10 cm long; staminate scales (at least some of them) with a distinct, scabrous awn; perigynia 6-25-nerved. | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales usually awned (rarely merely cuspidate); pistillate scales (including the awn, if present) 0.5-1.2× as long as the perigynia; larger achenes 3.4-4.0 (-4.5) mm long (ca. (1.7-2.4x as long as wide); widest leaves of vegetative shoots 8-18 (-21) mm wide; pistillate spikes normally not staminate at apex (rarely with a few staminate flowers); [primarily of the Mountains and Piedmont] | Pistillate scales usually awned (rarely merely cuspidate); pistillate scales (including the awn, if present) 0.5-1.2× as long as the perigynia; larger achenes 3.4-4.0 (-4.5) mm long (ca. (1.7-2.4x as long as wide); widest leaves of vegetative shoots 8-18 (-21) mm wide; pistillate spikes normally not staminate at apex (rarely with a few staminate flowers); [primarily of the Mountains and Piedmont] | |||||
Carex | Pistillate scales acute or long-acuminate (rarely short-awned); pistillate scales (including the awn, if present) 0.3-0.6× as long as the perigynia; larger achenes 2.3-3.4 (-3.8) mm long (ca. 1.3-1.8x as long as wide); larger leaves mostly 4-12 mm wide; pistillate spikes normally staminate at apex; [primarily of the Coastal Plain] | Pistillate scales acute or long-acuminate (rarely short-awned); pistillate scales (including the awn, if present) 0.3-0.6× as long as the perigynia; larger achenes 2.3-3.4 (-3.8) mm long (ca. 1.3-1.8x as long as wide); larger leaves mostly 4-12 mm wide; pistillate spikes normally staminate at apex; [primarily of the Coastal Plain] | |||||
Carex | Terminal spike usually entirely staminate; pistillate scales with an awn equaling or surpassing the perigynium; achenes 1.2-2.1 mm long. | Terminal spike usually entirely staminate; pistillate scales with an awn equaling or surpassing the perigynium; achenes 1.2-2.1 mm long. | |||||
Carex | Terminal spike gynecandrous, mainly pistillate; pistillate scales awnless, or with a short awn not surpassing the perigynium; achenes 2.0-3.0 mm long. | Terminal spike gynecandrous, mainly pistillate; pistillate scales awnless, or with a short awn not surpassing the perigynium; achenes 2.0-3.0 mm long. | |||||
Carex | Plant cespitose; lowest inflorescence bract longer than the inflorescence; pistillate scales with an awn 1.0-3.5 mm long | Plant cespitose; lowest inflorescence bract longer than the inflorescence; pistillate scales with an awn 1.0-3.5 mm long | |||||
Fuirena | Blades of the perianth scales acuminate, narrowed into an awn (the awn without barbs) | ||||||
Isolepis | Achenes (1.0-) 1.2-1.6 mm long; scales in middle of spikelet 1.8-2.0 mm long, with a short awn to 0.2 (-0.5) mm long | ||||||
Scirpus | Scales 1.6-2.8 mm long, terminating in a flattened or terete awn 0.4-0.6 (1.2) mm long | ||||||
Poaceae | Spikelets awned, the awn 10-20 cm long. | ||||||
Poaceae | Lowest lemmas unawned (or with an awn to 1.2 mm long); upper glumes truncate or bilobed, sometimes short-awned from between the lobes | ||||||
Poaceae | Glume awn 0.7-3 mm long; lemmas not awned | ||||||
Poaceae | Glume awn 3-8 mm long; lemmas awned | ||||||
Poaceae | Lemma awn 3-branched (the lateral 2 sometimes very reduced compared to the central); [tribe Aristideae] | ||||||
Poaceae | Lemma awned with a simple awn. | ||||||
Poaceae | Lemmas faintly 5-veined; awn from the back of the lemma; lower glume longer than the lemma; palea much shorter than the lemma (or absent); [tribe Poeae] | ||||||
Poaceae | Lemmas strongly 3-veined; awn from the tip of the lemma; lower glume shorter than (rarely equaling) the lemma; palea about equaling the lemma; [tribe Cynodonteae; subtribe Muhlenbergiinae] | ||||||
Agrostis | Lemma usually awned (sometimes unawned), the awn inserted near the tip, 4-10 mm long, straight, very delicate and flexuous; annual, flowering Apr-Jun | ||||||
Agrostis | Lemma awned or not, the awn (when present) inserted either near the middle of the lemma or near the apex, 0-6 mm long, straight or bent, neither delicate nor flexuous; perennial, flowering Mar-Nov. | ||||||
Agrostis | Lemma with a (2-) 3-5 mm long, geniculate awn. | ||||||
Agrostis | Lemma awnless or with a 0-3 mm long awn, this often straight (rarely geniculate in A. scabra). | ||||||
Aira | Pedicels usually 1-2× as long as the spikelets; lemma of both the lower floret and the upper floret with an awn 2-4 mm long | ||||||
Aira | Pedicels usually 2-8× as long as the spikelets; lemma of upper floret with an awn 1.5-2.5 mm long, lemma of the lower floret awnless or with a minute awn < 1 mm long | ||||||
Alopecurus | Awn about as long as the glumes (at most exceeding the glumes by 1 mm) | ||||||
Alopecurus | Awn longer than the glumes, exceeding the glumes by 1.5-3.5 mm. | ||||||
Andropogon | Summit of branchlet below attachment of raceme sheath glabrous; raceme sheaths (2.1-) 2.6-3.8 (-4.9) cm long; spikelets (2.6-) 3.2-3.5 (-3.9) mm long; racemes (1.4-) 1.7-2.4 (-3.2) cm long; leaves 2-5 mm wide, averaging 3.5 mm; upper floret lemma awn 0.6-1.5 mm long, averaging 1.1 mm | ||||||
Andropogon | Summit of branchlet below attachment of raceme sheath pubescent with hairs 2-4 mm long; raceme sheaths (2.4-) 3.2-4.8 (-6.0) cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.5-3.9 (-4.4) mm long; racemes (1.5-) 2.0-3.0 (-4.0) cm long; leaves 2.5-6.5 mm wide, averaging 5 mm; upper floret lemma awn 0.9-2.1 mm long, averaging 1.4 mm | Summit of branchlet below attachment of raceme sheath pubescent with hairs 2-4 mm long; raceme sheaths (2.4-) 3.2-4.8 (-6.0) cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.5-3.9 (-4.4) mm long; racemes (1.5-) 2.0-3.0 (-4.0) cm long; leaves 2.5-6.5 mm wide, averaging 5 mm; upper floret lemma awn 0.9-2.1 mm long, averaging 1.4 mm | |||||
Andropogon | Inflorescence branches arching outward in pronounced curves; awn mostly < 1 cm long; spikelets (4.1-) 4.4-4.6 (-5.0) mm long; anther > 1.7 mm long | Inflorescence branches arching outward in pronounced curves; awn mostly < 1 cm long; spikelets (4.1-) 4.4-4.6 (-5.0) mm long; anther > 1.7 mm long | |||||
Andropogon | Inflorescence branches erect; awn mostly >1 cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.3-3.8 (-4.5) mm long; anther < 1.5 mm long. | Inflorescence branches erect; awn mostly >1 cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.3-3.8 (-4.5) mm long; anther < 1.5 mm long. | |||||
Aristida | Central awn of the lemma (8-) 12-65 (-70) mm long, the lateral awns as long or nearly so | ||||||
Aristida | Central awn of the lemma (9-) 12-25 (-30) mm long, the lateral awns 1-4 mm long (or even lacking) | ||||||
Aristida | Central awns spirally coiled at the base (above the awn column), like a corkscrew, ½ to 3 full turns (when dry). | ||||||
Aristida | Lateral awns < ½ as long as the central awn (or virtually obsolete). | ||||||
Aristida | Lemmas 8-22 mm long; central awn curved ca. 180 degrees at the base | ||||||
Aristida | Lemmas 2.5-10 mm long; central awn curved ca. 90 degrees at the base. | ||||||
Aristida | Central awn (8-) 12-27 mm long; lateral awns (1-) 6-18 mm long | ||||||
Aristida | Central awn mostly 1-10 (-14) mm long; lateral awns 0-5 (-8) mm long | ||||||
Aristida | Lateral awns > ½ as long as the central awn. | ||||||
Aristida | Awn column (the connivent awns twisted together) or lemma beak (slender, narrowed, and twisted portion of lemma body below the awns) 7-30 mm long; lemma body (including the beak, if present) separated from the awns (or awn column) by an articulation zone, the awns (or awn column) disarticulating at maturity from the lemma. | Awn column (the connivent awns twisted together) or lemma beak (slender, narrowed, and twisted portion of lemma body below the awns) 7-30 mm long; lemma body (including the beak, if present) separated from the awns (or awn column) by an articulation zone, the awns (or awn column) disarticulating at maturity from the lemma. | |||||
Aristida | Panicle almost corymbiform, broadest above the middle, open, the spikelets overlapping only slightly; awns 30-40 mm long, not including the 8-15 mm long column formed by the twisting together of the 3 awn bases; culms often much-branched; plants annual | ||||||
Aristida | Awn column or lemma beak absent or < 7 mm long; lemma body not separated from the awns by an articulation zone. | ||||||
Aristida | Central awn 15-40 mm long; first glume prominently 2-keeled, (8-) 9-14 mm long when mature | ||||||
Aristida | Central awn 8-25 mm long; first glume either 1-keeled and 6-14 mm long, or weakly 2-keeled and 5.5-9 (-10) mm long when mature. | ||||||
Aristida | Central awn about 2× as thick as the lateral awns, divergent to reflexed; first glume 1-keeled or weakly 2-keeled; [moist to wet habitats]. | ||||||
Aristida | Basal internode of the culm 0.3-0.6 mm wide; most nodes of the inflorescence with 1-2 spikelets; all awns spreading, the central spirally twisted basally and often contorted by as much as 180 degrees (best seen in fresh material); central awn 15-20 mm long, lateral awns 11-16 mm long, the ratio of the lateral:central awn length 0.69-0.80; lemma callus beard 0.6-1.0 mm long | Basal internode of the culm 0.3-0.6 mm wide; most nodes of the inflorescence with 1-2 spikelets; all awns spreading, the central spirally twisted basally and often contorted by as much as 180 degrees (best seen in fresh material); central awn 15-20 mm long, lateral awns 11-16 mm long, the ratio of the lateral:central awn length 0.69-0.80; lemma callus beard 0.6-1.0 mm long | |||||
Aristida | Basal internode of the culm 0.7-1.2 mm wide; most nodes of the inflorescence with 3 or more spikelets; central awn spreading to slightly deflexed, not spirally twisted basally, the lateral awns ascending to erect (best seen in fresh material); central awn 13-22 mm long, lateral awns 8-15 mm long, the ratio of the lateral:central awn length 0.55-0.69; lemma callus beard 0.2-0.6 mm long | Basal internode of the culm 0.7-1.2 mm wide; most nodes of the inflorescence with 3 or more spikelets; central awn spreading to slightly deflexed, not spirally twisted basally, the lateral awns ascending to erect (best seen in fresh material); central awn 13-22 mm long, lateral awns 8-15 mm long, the ratio of the lateral:central awn length 0.55-0.69; lemma callus beard 0.2-0.6 mm long | |||||
Aristida | Central awn < 1.5× as thick as the lateral awns, erect to divergent; first glume 1-keeled (rarely weakly 2-keeled); [dry habitats]. | ||||||
Bromus | Lemma awn 2-3 mm long; plant perennial; [native species of dry woodlands]; [section Bromopsis] | ||||||
Bromus | Lemma awn 3-12 mm long (or 0-6 mm long in B. secalinus); plant annual; [introduced species of disturbed habitats]; [section Bromus]. | ||||||
Bromus | First glume 5-7 mm long; second glume 8-11 mm long; lemma awn (7-) 10-17 mm long | ||||||
Cynosurus | Panicle ovoid, 1-4 (-8) cm long, 0.7-2 cm wide; leaves (2-) 3-10 mm wide; annual; fertile lemma 4.5-7 mm long, plus a 6-16 mm long awn; [section Falona] | ||||||
Danthonia | Lemma teeth (flanking the awn) 0.8-1.8 mm long, triangular, acuminate; glumes 8-13 mm long | ||||||
Danthonia | Lemma teeth (flanking the awn) (1.8-) 2.0-4.5 mm long, setaceous; glumes 9-19 mm long. | ||||||
Danthonia | Lemma awn 4-10 mm long; glumes 9-13 mm long | ||||||
Danthonia | Lemma awn 11-18 mm long; glumes 11-19 mm long. | ||||||
Danthonia | Sheaths villous; lemmas herbaceous in texture, villous on the back and sides; awn twisted at base several times, forming an awn column 2.5-3 mm long | ||||||
Danthonia | Sheaths glabrous; lemmas membranaceous in texture, villous only on the margins and toward the base; awn twisted at base a single time, forming a loose awn column 0.5-1.5 mm long | ||||||
Deschampsia | Awn 4-8 mm long, geniculate, exserted beyond the tips of the glumes; lemmas minutely scabrous, dull; leaf blades involute, appearing filiform (rounded in cross-section); ligule 0.5-3 (-5) mm long | ||||||
Deschampsia | Awn 2-3 mm long, straight or nearly so, scarcely (or not at all) exserted beyond the tips of the glumes; lemmas smooth, shiny; leaf blades flat or folded at the midvein (V-shaped in cross-section); ligule 3-10 (-17) mm long | ||||||
Diplachne | First glume 2.3-3.4 mm long; second glume 3.4-5.0; lemmas 4-5 mm long, with an awn 0.5-2.5 mm long | ||||||
Diplachne | First glume 1.3-2 mm long; second glume 2.2-3.5; lemmas 3-4 mm long, with an awn 0.5-1 mm long | ||||||
Echinochloa | Panicle fairly open, the branches erect, appressed, or spreading; spikelets green or purple-tinged, awnless or with a well-developed awn (to 25 mm long); leaves 5-15 mm wide; plants mostly 3-7 dm tall | ||||||
Echinochloa | Panicle very crowded, the branches appressed to slightly spreading, the tips often incurved; spikelets purplish-brown, awnless (or with awn to 2 mm long); leaves mostly 15-30 mm wide; plants mostly 7-15 dm tall | ||||||
Echinochloa | Spikelets < 3.5 mm long, not including the awn (if present); sterile lemma awnless or with an awn to 6 (-10) mm long | ||||||
Echinochloa | Spikelets > 3.5 mm long, not including the awn (if present); sterile lemma usually awned (rarely awnless), the awn 6-25 mm long | ||||||
Elymus | Both glumes (including their awn) either 0-3 mm long and subulate or 1-25 (-27) mm long and often differing in length by > 5 mm, 0.1-0.6 mm wide, tapering from the base, with 0-1 distinct veins, persistent; rachis internodes 4-12 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick at the narrowest section. | Both glumes (including their awn) either 0-3 mm long and subulate or 1-25 (-27) mm long and often differing in length by > 5 mm, 0.1-0.6 mm wide, tapering from the base, with 0-1 distinct veins, persistent; rachis internodes 4-12 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick at the narrowest section. | |||||
Elymus | Glumes scabrous; lemmas glabrous to scabrous; lemma awn 20-40 mm long; flowering Jul-Aug | ||||||
Elymus | Glumes and lemmas villous; lemma awn 9-30 mm long; flowering early Jun-early Jul | ||||||
Erianthus | Lemma awn flattened and spirally twisted at base; callus hairs 9-14 mm long, silvery or tinged with purple; leaves usually glabrous on the upper surface at maturity; [of moist to dry sites, rarely in wetlands] | ||||||
Erianthus | Lemma awn nearly terete, straight or slightly flexuous; callus hairs (7-) 15-20 (-25) mm long, tawny or brown; leaves usually pilose on the upper surface at maturity; [of moist to wet sites, rarely in uplands] | ||||||
Erianthus | Awn of the lemma of the upper floret terete at the base, and not spiraled; spikelets dark brown; spikelet pair dissimilar in size, the lemma of the upper floret 0.7-0.8× as long as the lemma of the lower floret; lemma of the lower floret typically 3-nerved | ||||||
Erianthus | Awn of the lemma of the upper floret flattened at the base, either spiraled or not; spikelets straw-colored or purplish; spikelet pair homomorphic, the upper lemma 0.9-1.0× as long as the lower lemma; lemma of the lower floret not distinctly nerved. | ||||||
Erianthus | Awn of the lemma of the upper floret not basally spiraled, 10-18 mm long; lemma of the upper floret entire | ||||||
Erianthus | Awn of the lemma of the upper floret basally spiraled, 15-22 mm long; lemma of the upper floret bifid, the tooth on either side of the lemma 2.0-2.5 mm long | ||||||
Eriochloa | Lemma of fertile floret with an awn > 0.2 mm long; second glume awned; panicle compact, the raceme-like lateral branches close together and ascending-appressed, of irregular lengths; spikelets 8-16 on a typical, primary branch | ||||||
Eriochloa | Lemma of fertile floret with an awn > 0.2 mm long; second glume awned; panicle compact, the raceme-like lateral branches close together and ascending-appressed, of irregular lengths; spikelets 8-16 on a typical, primary branch | ||||||
Eriochloa | Lemma of fertile floret lacking an awn; second glume not awned; panicle open, the raceme-like lateral branches remote and divergent, the lowermost longest, the upper gradually reduced in length to the apex (E. acuminata var. acuminata, E. michauxii var. michauxii) or the panicle compact (E. villosa); spikelets 12-40 on a typical, primary branch. | Lemma of fertile floret lacking an awn; second glume not awned; panicle open, the raceme-like lateral branches remote and divergent, the lowermost longest, the upper gradually reduced in length to the apex (E. acuminata var. acuminata, E. michauxii var. michauxii) or the panicle compact (E. villosa); spikelets 12-40 on a typical, primary branch. | |||||
Festuca | Spikelets 5.5-10 (-13) mm long; awn of the lowest lemma 3-9 mm long. | ||||||
Festuca | Spikelets 4-5.5 (-6.5) mm long; awn of the lowest lemma 0.3-3 mm long | ||||||
Festuca | Lemmas (3-) 3.4-5.5 mm long, with an awn 0.5-2.5 mm long; spikelets 4.5-9.0 mm long | ||||||
Gymnopogon | Awn of the lemma (4.5-) 7.4-12 mm long; inflorescence branches with spikelets distributed from the tip nearly to the base; leaves 5-15 mm wide; [widespread in our area, including the inland provinces] | Awn of the lemma (4.5-) 7.4-12 mm long; inflorescence branches with spikelets distributed from the tip nearly to the base; leaves 5-15 mm wide; [widespread in our area, including the inland provinces] | |||||
Gymnopogon | Awn of the lemma (0.3-) 0.8-2.2 (-3.5) mm long; inflorescence branches with spikelets distributed either from the tip nearly to the base (G. chapmanianus) or to roughly the midpoint, the basal portion naked (or some branches rarely with a few spikelets) (G. brevifolius); leaves 2-8 mm wide; [Coastal Plain and only rarely the inland provinces]. | Awn of the lemma (0.3-) 0.8-2.2 (-3.5) mm long; inflorescence branches with spikelets distributed either from the tip nearly to the base (G. chapmanianus) or to roughly the midpoint, the basal portion naked (or some branches rarely with a few spikelets) (G. brevifolius); leaves 2-8 mm wide; [Coastal Plain and only rarely the inland provinces]. | |||||
Holcus | Plant not rhizomatous; upper culm internodes velvety-villous; lemma awn 1-2 mm long, recurved as a hook | Plant not rhizomatous; upper culm internodes velvety-villous; lemma awn 1-2 mm long, recurved as a hook | |||||
Holcus | Plant strongly rhizomatous; upper culm internodes glabrous; lemma awn 3-5 mm long, straight or geniculate | Plant strongly rhizomatous; upper culm internodes glabrous; lemma awn 3-5 mm long, straight or geniculate | |||||
Nassella | Crown (surrounding the base of the awn) as wide or wider than long, the rim with hairs <0.5 mm long; floret widest just below the crown | ||||||
Piptochaetium | Lemma 8.0-10.1 mm long (including the callus but not the awn); spikelets 9.7-13 mm long (excluding the awn); awns 4.0-7.5 cm long; [widespread in our area] | ||||||
Piptochaetium | Lemma 12.4-18.2 mm long (including the callus but not the awn; spikelets 17.8-20.3 mm long (excluding the awn); awns 62-120 mm long; [endemic to FL] | ||||||
Polypogon | Glumes deeply lobed, the awn borne between the lobes; glume ciliate-fringed; lemma 0.4-0.7 mm long, awnless | ||||||
Polypogon | Glumes slightly notched at the tip, the awn borne from near the tip; glume not ciliate-margined; lemma 0.7-1.1 mm long, awned | ||||||
Sphenopholis | Spikelets 5-9.5 mm long; second lemma with an awn 3.5-7 mm long | ||||||
Sphenopholis | Spikelets 1.5-5 (-5.2) mm long; second lemma awnless, or infrequently with an awn up to 1 mm long (S. nitida) or 3.5-4 mm long (S. filiformis, S. ×pallens), but otherwise awnless. | ||||||
Sphenopholis | First (proximal) lemma with an awn up to 3.5 mm long; distal lemma with awns 0.1-4 mm long | ||||||
Sporobolus | First glume scaberulous, acuminate or awn-like; spikelets dark gray; base of plant relatively fibrous; grain spherical; [of barrens and prairies of IN, IL, MO, and n. AR, scattered eastwards as a disjunct, almost always inland of the Coastal Plain] | ||||||
Triplasis | Lemma awn 4.5-8 mm long; culm internodes appressed pilose or puberulent; perennial | ||||||
Triplasis | Lemma awn 0.5-1.5 mm long; culm internodes glabrous to minutely scaberulous; annual (or rarely perennial) | Lemma awn 0.5-1.5 mm long; culm internodes glabrous to minutely scaberulous; annual (or rarely perennial) | |||||
Trifolium | Stipules abruptly narrowed to a short awn; calyx glabrous to pilose; stem appressed pubescent | ||||||
Geranium | Sepals awned or subulate, the subulate awn 0.7-3 mm long. | ||||||
Rhexia | Sepal lobes aristate, the awn-tip 0.5-1.5 mm long, and also with flaring, yellowish, stiff hairs 3-5 mm long | ||||||
Rhexia | Sepal lobes aristate, the awn-tip 0.5-1.5 mm long, and also with flaring, yellowish, stiff hairs 3-5 mm long | ||||||
Paronychia | Sepals with a distinct white awn to 0.2 mm long | ||||||
Phlox | Sterile shoots rooting at the nodes; leaves broad-elliptic, ca. 2-3× as long as wide; sepals acuminate to very slightly awned, the awn 0-0.5 mm long; corolla tube glabrous. | ||||||
Phlox | Sterile shoots not rooting at the nodes; leaves narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear, ca. 4-10× as long as wide; sepals awned, the awn 0.5-3.0 mm long; corolla glabrous, pilose, or glandular-pubescent. | ||||||
Monarda | Calyx lobes (3-) 5-10× as long as wide, the length including a spinose awn 2-7 mm long; corolla white to pink or lavender; inner bracts subtending the flowers 4-9 mm wide, abruptly acuminate into a spinose bristle | ||||||
Galinsoga | Rays 0-1.5 (-2) mm long, lacking pappus scales (or with vestigial scales); outer phyllaries 2-4, with scarious margins; inner paleae deeply 3-lobed; pappus scales of the disc florets not awn-tipped; stem usually glabrous or sparsely pubescent with appressed (rarely spreading) hairs; gland-tipped hairs of the peduncles < 0.5 mm long; teeth of leaf margin obscure, broadly rounded or reduced to thickened bumps | Rays 0-1.5 (-2) mm long, lacking pappus scales (or with vestigial scales); outer phyllaries 2-4, with scarious margins; inner paleae deeply 3-lobed; pappus scales of the disc florets not awn-tipped; stem usually glabrous or sparsely pubescent with appressed (rarely spreading) hairs; gland-tipped hairs of the peduncles < 0.5 mm long; teeth of leaf margin obscure, broadly rounded or reduced to thickened bumps | |||||
Galinsoga | Rays 2-3 mm long, with pappus scales about as long as the corolla tube; outer phyllaries 1-2, with green herbaceous margins; inner paleae usually entire; pappus scales of the disc florets awn-tipped; stem usually moderately pubescent with long, spreading hairs; gland-tipped hairs of the peduncles > 0.5 mm long; teeth of leaf margins usually well developed, acute | Rays 2-3 mm long, with pappus scales about as long as the corolla tube; outer phyllaries 1-2, with green herbaceous margins; inner paleae usually entire; pappus scales of the disc florets awn-tipped; stem usually moderately pubescent with long, spreading hairs; gland-tipped hairs of the peduncles > 0.5 mm long; teeth of leaf margins usually well developed, acute | |||||
Ratibida | Disks columnar, 10-70 mm tall, 2-4.5× as long as thick; plant a tap-rooted perennial; rays < 2 (-2.5) cm long; achenes ciliate and winged, crowned by a pappus consisting of 1 or more awn-teeth. | ||||||
Rudbeckia | Pales cuspidate, with awn-like tips ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous; rays 8-30 mm long. | ||||||
Rudbeckia | Pales cuspidate, with awn-like tips ca. 1.5 mm long | ||||||
Carex | Leaf blades glaucous; pistillate scales awnless or awn < 1 (-1.9) mm long. | ||||||
Carex | Leaf blades glaucous; pistillate scales awnless or awn < 1 (-1.9) mm long. | ||||||
Andropogon | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn (7.5-) 10-25 mm long; rhizomes short or absent (with internodes usually < 2 mm long; ligule 0.4-2.5 mm long; anthers < 3.8 mm long; inflorescences hairy but not densely long-villous; [widespread in most of our area] | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn (7.5-) 10-25 mm long; rhizomes short or absent (with internodes usually < 2 mm long; ligule 0.4-2.5 mm long; anthers < 3.8 mm long; inflorescences hairy but not densely long-villous; [widespread in most of our area] | |||||
Andropogon | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn 0-6 (-11) mm long; rhizomes well-developed, creeping, with internodes often > 20 mm long; ligule (0.9-) 3.0-4.5 mm long; anthers > 3.8 mm long; inflorescences densely long-villous with white to yellow hairs, the axes somewhat obscured by the density of hairs; [western edge of our area, rarely introduced eastwards] | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn 0-6 (-11) mm long; rhizomes well-developed, creeping, with internodes often > 20 mm long; ligule (0.9-) 3.0-4.5 mm long; anthers > 3.8 mm long; inflorescences densely long-villous with white to yellow hairs, the axes somewhat obscured by the density of hairs; [western edge of our area, rarely introduced eastwards] | |||||
Andropogon | Sessile spikelets (3.8-) 4.4-8.4 mm long, with an awn; [collectively widespread]. | ||||||
Spartina | Second glume with an awn 3-10 mm long; first glume averaging ca. 7/8 as long as the lemma; spikes (5-) 7-27 per inflorescence; [of fresh marshes, either inland or coastal] | ||||||
Aphanostephus | Pappus of acute or awn-tipped scales, 0.4-2 mm long; leaves often pinnatifid or lobed throughout the plant; [s. TX] | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia (2.5-) 2.7-4.8 mm at widest, (0-) 1-8-veined over achene adaxially; staminate and pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate-awned, midvein not excurrent as scabrous awn; larger culms with (3-) 4-7 (-11) spikes. | ||||||
Carex | Perigynia 3.5-6.3 mm at widest, veinless over achenes adaxially or nearly so; at least proximal staminate scales, especially of terminal spike and sometimes proximal pistillate scales, with midvein excurrent as scabrous awn 0.1-0.9(-2.4) mm; larger culms with 2-4(-5) spikes | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales (at least the lowermost) with a prominent, scabrous awn | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales with margins entire; awn, when present, usually smooth. | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales with margins serrulate distally; awn, when present, rough. | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate or with awn < 1 mm long; staminate scales not awned | ||||||
Carex | Lower pistillate scales with awn 1.2-3.5 mm long; staminate scales awned | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales with margins entire, apex awnless or with short, smooth awn. | ||||||
Carex | Distal pistillate scales with apex acute to short-awned, awn < 1/2 as long as the body | ||||||
Carex | Distal pistillate scales with apex long-awned, awn > 1/2 as long as the body | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate or short-awned, awn < 0.2 mm long | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales awned, longest awn > 0.5 mm long | ||||||
Carex | At least proximal pistillate scales with long, rough awn. | ||||||
Carex | At least proximal pistillate scales awned, awn at least 1/2 as long as body; leaves conspicuously septate-nodulose. | ||||||
Carex | Distal pistillate scales acute, acuminate, or short-awned, awn less than 1/2 length of body | ||||||
Carex | Distal pistillate scales with awn at least about as long as body | ||||||
Carex | Pistillate scales, at least proximal, awned, awn at least 1/4 of scale body length. | ||||||
Carex | Distal pistillate scales awned, awn usually more than 1/2 body length; staminate spikes 1, sometimes with 1 much smaller spike laterally | ||||||
Carex | Distal pistillate scales acuminate or with awn less than 1/2 body length; staminate spikes usually 2+ | ||||||
Paronychia | Sepal lobes with a long (0.5-2.1+ mm long) awn attached at or below their apices. | ||||||
Paronychia | Calyx (not including the awn) 2.0-2.9 mm long, lanceolate-triangular, with the midvein and 2 lateral veins prominent. | Calyx (not including the awn) 2.0-2.9 mm long, lanceolate-triangular, with the midvein and 2 lateral veins prominent. | |||||
Paronychia | Calyx (not including the awn) 1-3-1.8 mm long, broadly rounded, with no apparent veins | ||||||
Paronychia | Sepals glabrous; calyx+awn (3.0-) avg. 3.8 (-4.9) mm long; sepal awns (0.2-) avg. 0.6 (-1.1) mm long, glabrous; sepal awns with little or no back-curvature; stems and leaves glabrous to minutely pubescent, the stem hairiness (when present) mainly isolated to near-nodal portions of the stem; [disjunctly scattered east of the Mississippi River, in c. AL, ec. GA, w. VA, e. WV, DC, and sc. & w. MD] | Sepals glabrous; calyx+awn (3.0-) avg. 3.8 (-4.9) mm long; sepal awns (0.2-) avg. 0.6 (-1.1) mm long, glabrous; sepal awns with little or no back-curvature; stems and leaves glabrous to minutely pubescent, the stem hairiness (when present) mainly isolated to near-nodal portions of the stem; [disjunctly scattered east of the Mississippi River, in c. AL, ec. GA, w. VA, e. WV, DC, and sc. & w. MD] | |||||
Paronychia | Sepals densely pubescent; calyx+awn (3.3-) avg. 4.2 (-5.4) long; sepal awns (0.4-) avg. 0.8 (-1.5) mm long, densely pubescent; sepal awns moderately to extremely back-curved; stems and leaves moderately to densely (and uniformly) pubescent; [sw. MO and AR south to e. and c. TX and COA] | ||||||
Cyperus | Scales 10-20 (-40), with cusps 0.2-0.8 mm, usually narrow, awn-like and recurved at least in the upper scales; achenes brown, 2-2.4 mm long × 0.5-0.8 mm wide, narrowly obovoid | ||||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemma awn 7-12 mm long; spikelets loosely clustered, on pedicels 2-4 mm long | ||||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemma awn 1-11 mm long (rarely awnless); spikelets 3-5 mm long; leaf blades (2) 6-10 (-13) mm wide (often > 8 mm wide) | ||||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemmas awnless or awn < 0.5 mm long; spikelets 1.5-2.5 mm long; leaf blades usually (1-) 2-6 mm wide | ||||||
Muhlenbergia | Glumes 3-8 mm long (tapered to arched or straight awns), 1.3-2x the length of the lemma (excluding its awn); panicle dense and spike-like, 0.8-16 cm long and 0.3-10 mm broad. | ||||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemma awn (8-) 12-26 (-35) mm long, first glume awn (0.5-) 1-7 (-10) mm long, second glume awn (1-) 5-19 (-25) mm long, palea awn-tipped; lemma with two setaceous teeth flanking the awn, the teeth 0.5-2.5 (-4.7) mm long; flowering Oct-Nov; [sandy maritime situations on barrier islands of the outer Coastal Plain] | Lemma awn (8-) 12-26 (-35) mm long, first glume awn (0.5-) 1-7 (-10) mm long, second glume awn (1-) 5-19 (-25) mm long, palea awn-tipped; lemma with two setaceous teeth flanking the awn, the teeth 0.5-2.5 (-4.7) mm long; flowering Oct-Nov; [sandy maritime situations on barrier islands of the outer Coastal Plain] | |||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemma awn (2-) 3-13 (-18) mm long, first glume awnless (or rarely with an awn to 3.2 mm long), second glume awnless (or rarely with an awn up to 5.0 mm long), palea awnless; lemma lacking setaceous teeth flanking the awn; flowering late Aug-Oct; [widespread in our area, particularly in rocky, clayey, or sandy glades, barrens, and woodlands with prairie affinities] | Lemma awn (2-) 3-13 (-18) mm long, first glume awnless (or rarely with an awn to 3.2 mm long), second glume awnless (or rarely with an awn up to 5.0 mm long), palea awnless; lemma lacking setaceous teeth flanking the awn; flowering late Aug-Oct; [widespread in our area, particularly in rocky, clayey, or sandy glades, barrens, and woodlands with prairie affinities] | |||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemma awn 0-1.5 (-4) mm long; glume bodies (1.1-) 2.0-3.3 (-3.6) mm long, < ½ as long as the lemma bodies, acuminate, not awned (rarely the second with a short awn < 0.6 mm long); spikelets usually brown or bronze (when fresh); basal sheaths usually very fibrous | ||||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemma awnless or with a short awn tip (rarely to 9 mm long); spikelets densely clustered, on pedicels < 1 mm long. | ||||||
Muhlenbergia | Lemma awn (2-) 3-35 mm long; glume bodies (0.3-) 0.7-1.7 (-2.4) mm long, > ½ as long as the lemma body, one or both glumes sometimes awned; spikelets usually purple (when fresh); basal sheaths rarely strongly fibrous. | ||||||
Poaceae | Lemma awn 2-3 mm long, straight or nearly so, scarcely (or not at all) exserted beyond the tips of the glumes; lemmas smooth, shiny; leaf blades flat or folded at the midvein (V-shaped in cross-section); ligule 3-10 (-17) mm long | ||||||
Poaceae | Lemma awn 4-8 mm long, geniculate, exserted beyond the tips of the glumes; lemmas minutely scabrous, dull; leaf blades involute, appearing filiform (rounded in cross-section); ligule 0.5-3 (-5) mm long | ||||||
Poaceae | Spikelets 2.5-7.5 mm long, with 2-3(-6) florets; ligule membranous, sometimes ciliolate (only ciliolate in Rostraria) but otherwise not only consisting of hairs, 0.5-4 mm long; lemma awn 1-9 mm long; [tribe Poeae]. | ||||||
Poaceae | Spikelets 7-20 mm long, with 3-12 florets; ligule of hairs; lemma awn 5-15 mm long; [collectively widespread in our area]; [tribe Danthoniae] | ||||||
Poaceae | Lemma awns apical or dorsal (arising from the apex or back of the lemma or sometimes the midvein prolonged into a 1 mm awn), or sometimes awns absent (Rostraria). | ||||||
Poaceae | Awns straight or geniculate (sometimes only slightly so), if geniculate then the awn not bearing a distinct ring at the joint and not bearing a clavate distal segment; [collectively widespread]. | Awns straight or geniculate (sometimes only slightly so), if geniculate then the awn not bearing a distinct ring at the joint and not bearing a clavate distal segment; [collectively widespread]. | |||||
Paronychia | Sepal apices mucronate; sepals not forming a broadly rounded or dilated hood. Pubescent portion of the sepal <1/3 its length; sepals narrowed toward the apex, with a short tooth or awn; stem uniformly pubescent with retrorse hairs. | ||||||
Asteraceae | Receptacles conic, pitted; cypselae 4-angled; pappus of setiform to awn-tipped scales or short ciliate crowns (0.1-0.2 mm long, minute, thus requiring magnification) | ||||||
Anatherum | Inflorescence branches arching outward in pronounced curves; awn mostly < 1 cm long; spikelets (4.1-) 4.4-4.6 (-5.0) mm long; anther > 1.7 mm long | Inflorescence branches arching outward in pronounced curves; awn mostly < 1 cm long; spikelets (4.1-) 4.4-4.6 (-5.0) mm long; anther > 1.7 mm long | |||||
Anatherum | Summit of branchlet below attachment of raceme sheath pubescent with hairs 2-4 mm long; raceme sheaths (2.4-) 3.2-4.8 (-6.0) cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.5-3.9 (-4.4) mm long; racemes (1.5-) 2.0-3.0 (-4.0) cm long; leaves 2.5-6.5 mm wide, averaging 5 mm; upper floret lemma awn 0.9-2.1 mm long, averaging 1.4 mm | Summit of branchlet below attachment of raceme sheath pubescent with hairs 2-4 mm long; raceme sheaths (2.4-) 3.2-4.8 (-6.0) cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.5-3.9 (-4.4) mm long; racemes (1.5-) 2.0-3.0 (-4.0) cm long; leaves 2.5-6.5 mm wide, averaging 5 mm; upper floret lemma awn 0.9-2.1 mm long, averaging 1.4 mm | |||||
Anatherum | Summit of branchlet below attachment of raceme sheath glabrous; raceme sheaths (2.1-) 2.6-3.8 (-4.9) cm long; spikelets (2.6-) 3.2-3.5 (-3.9) mm long; racemes (1.4-) 1.7-2.4 (-3.2) cm long; leaves 2-5 mm wide, averaging 3.5 mm; upper floret lemma awn 0.6-1.5 mm long, averaging 1.1 mm | ||||||
Anatherum | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn 0-6 (-11) mm long; rhizomes well-developed, creeping, with internodes often > 20 mm long; ligule (0.9-) 3.0-4.5 mm long; anthers > 3.8 mm long; inflorescences densely long-villous with white to yellow hairs, the axes somewhat obscured by the density of hairs; [western edge of our area, rarely introduced eastwards] | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn 0-6 (-11) mm long; rhizomes well-developed, creeping, with internodes often > 20 mm long; ligule (0.9-) 3.0-4.5 mm long; anthers > 3.8 mm long; inflorescences densely long-villous with white to yellow hairs, the axes somewhat obscured by the density of hairs; [western edge of our area, rarely introduced eastwards] | |||||
Anatherum | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn (7.5-) 10-25 mm long; rhizomes short or absent (with internodes usually < 2 mm long; ligule 0.4-2.5 mm long; anthers < 3.8 mm long; inflorescences hairy but not densely long-villous; [widespread in most of our area] | Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet with an awn (7.5-) 10-25 mm long; rhizomes short or absent (with internodes usually < 2 mm long; ligule 0.4-2.5 mm long; anthers < 3.8 mm long; inflorescences hairy but not densely long-villous; [widespread in most of our area] | |||||
Anatherum | Inflorescence branches erect; awn mostly >1 cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.3-3.8 (-4.5) mm long; anther < 1.5 mm long. | Inflorescence branches erect; awn mostly >1 cm long; spikelets (3.0-) 3.3-3.8 (-4.5) mm long; anther < 1.5 mm long. | |||||
Anatherum | Sessile spikelets (3.8-) 4.4-8.4 mm long, with an awn; [collectively widespread]. | ||||||
Chloris | Awns of the lemma longer (and more apparent), 1.9- 37 mm long (sometimes the awn of the sterile or staminate floret reduced or smaller but the spikelets with at least some longer or well-developed awns). |
0 unsaved edits on this page.
180 key lines found. Start a new search Searched: Lead Characteristics with Glossary