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Scientific Lead Number Lead Position Lead Characteristics Lead Characteristics with Glossary Line result key id Line result taxon id result text
Eleocharis
Achenes rufous-brown to reddish-purple to black, (0.3-) 0.4-0.6 mm wide; longer bristles retrorsely barbed, shorter than to equaling achene body
Achenes rufous-brown to reddish-purple to black, (0.3-) 0.4-0.6 mm wide; longer bristles retrorsely barbed, shorter than to equaling achene body
Eleocharis
Achenes olivaceous-brown to black (often olivaceous), 0.5-0.7 (-0.8) mm wide; longer bristles either retrorsely barbed and equaling to exceeding the tubercle (E. olivacea var. olivacea), or smooth and shorter than the tubercle (E. olivacea var. reductiseta).
Achenes olivaceous-brown to black (often olivaceous), 0.5-0.7 (-0.8) mm wide; longer bristles either retrorsely barbed and equaling to exceeding the tubercle (E. olivacea var. olivacea), or smooth and shorter than the tubercle (E. olivacea var. reductiseta).
Eleocharis
Bristles retrorsely barbed, the longest bristles equaling to far exceeding the tubercle; [wet sandy or peaty habitats, NS to FL, w. to MS and TX]
Bristles retrorsely barbed, the longest bristles equaling to far exceeding the tubercle; [wet sandy or peaty habitats, NS to FL, w. to MS and TX]
Fuirena
Perianth bristles longer than the achene stipe, reaching the middle of or exceeding the achene body, strongly and retrorsely barbed (if smooth as in F. bushii, then scales of the spikelets also with strongly retrorse apical cusps); blades of the perianth scales with an acuminate to awned apex.
Perianth bristles longer than the achene stipe, reaching the middle of or exceeding the achene body, strongly and retrorsely barbed (if smooth as in F. bushii, then scales of the spikelets also with strongly retrorse apical cusps); blades of the perianth scales with an acuminate to awned apex.
Fuirena
Blades of the perianth scales rounded, retuse, or rarely acute at the tip, bearing a subapical bristle which is retrorsely barbed
Blades of the perianth scales rounded, retuse, or rarely acute at the tip, bearing a subapical bristle which is retrorsely barbed
Rhynchospora
Bristles absent, or present and smooth or minutely barbed.
Bristles absent, or present and smooth or minutely barbed.
Rhynchospora
Bristles absent, or present and smooth or minutely barbed.
Bristles absent, or present and smooth or minutely barbed.
Rhynchospora
Bristles absent, or present and smooth or minutely barbed.
Bristles absent, or present and smooth or minutely barbed.
Rhynchospora
Bristles present, retrorsely barbed (at least towards their tips), or antrorsely barbed and straplike (flattened); [subgenus Diplostylae; section Albae]
Bristles present, retrorsely barbed (at least towards their tips), or antrorsely barbed and straplike (flattened); [subgenus Diplostylae; section Albae]
Rhynchospora
Bristles present, retrorsely barbed (at least towards their tips), or antrorsely barbed and straplike (flattened); [subgenus Diplostylae; section Albae]
Bristles present, retrorsely barbed (at least towards their tips), or antrorsely barbed and straplike (flattened); [subgenus Diplostylae; section Albae]
Rhynchospora
Bristles absent, or present and smooth, or antrorsely barbed and filiform.
Bristles absent, or present and smooth, or antrorsely barbed and filiform.
Rhynchospora
Bristles 8-25, retrorsely barbed distally, antrorsely barbed proximally; spikelets white, turning tan with age.
Bristles 8-25, retrorsely barbed distally, antrorsely barbed proximally; spikelets white, turning tan with age.
Rhynchospora
Bristles 6 or fewer, either retrorsely or (rarely) antrorsely barbed their entire length; spikelets variously brown, rufous, or tan (or very rarely white).
Bristles 6 or fewer, either retrorsely or (rarely) antrorsely barbed their entire length; spikelets variously brown, rufous, or tan (or very rarely white).
Schoenoplectus
Perianth bristles retrorsely barbed; spikelets obtuse; culms terete throughout their length
Triumfetta
Spines of the capsule either retrorsely barbed or densely hirsute on one side; capsule surfaces glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or densely tomentose.
Spines of the capsule either retrorsely barbed or densely hirsute on one side; capsule surfaces glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or densely tomentose.
Alternanthera
Tepals dimorphic; tepal hairs barbed.
Alternanthera
Tepals monomorphic; tepal hairs not barbed.
Cactaceae
Areoles with detachable glochids (retrorsely barbed bristles, finer than spines) (and also with or without spines), stems segmented into “pads” that are circular, ovate, obovate, or elliptical in outline and flattened in ×-section, at least apically (Consolea) or throughout (Opuntia), or into cylindric-clavate segments that are terete in ×-section (Cylindropuntia, Grusonia); [subfamily Opuntioideae].
Areoles with detachable glochids (retrorsely barbed bristles, finer than spines) (and also with or without spines), stems segmented into “pads” that are circular, ovate, obovate, or elliptical in outline and flattened in ×-section, at least apically (Consolea) or throughout (Opuntia), or into cylindric-clavate segments that are terete in ×-section (Cylindropuntia, Grusonia); [subfamily Opuntioideae].
Cactaceae
Areoles with detachable glochids (retrorsely barbed bristles, finer than spines) (and also with or without spines), stems segmented into “pads” that are circular, ovate, obovate, or elliptical in outline and flattened in ×-section, at least apically (Consolea) or throughout (Opuntia), or into cylindric-clavate segments that are terete in ×-section (Cylindropuntia, Grusonia); [subfamily Opuntioideae].
Areoles with detachable glochids (retrorsely barbed bristles, finer than spines) (and also with or without spines), stems segmented into “pads” that are circular, ovate, obovate, or elliptical in outline and flattened in ×-section, at least apically (Consolea) or throughout (Opuntia), or into cylindric-clavate segments that are terete in ×-section (Cylindropuntia, Grusonia); [subfamily Opuntioideae].
Opuntia
Terminal cladodes easily disarticulating, cylindrical or moderately flattened; spines strongly retrorsely barbed to the touch, disposed from areoles in the same plane; terminal cladodes with 1-3 areoles per diagonal row at the widest point of the cladode
Terminal cladodes easily disarticulating, cylindrical or moderately flattened; spines strongly retrorsely barbed to the touch, disposed from areoles in the same plane; terminal cladodes with 1-3 areoles per diagonal row at the widest point of the cladode
Opuntia
Terminal cladodes disarticulating (sometimes falling easily later in the season), 3.1-17.7 cm × 2-9 cm, strongly flattened; spines retrorsely barbed (to the touch) or not; cladodes with 3-4 areoles per diagonal row at the widest point of the cladode.
Terminal cladodes disarticulating (sometimes falling easily later in the season), 3.1-17.7 cm × 2-9 cm, strongly flattened; spines retrorsely barbed (to the touch) or not; cladodes with 3-4 areoles per diagonal row at the widest point of the cladode.
Opuntia
Spines white (at least on second year’s growth), generally round at the base and thus round in cross section, strongly retrorsely barbed or not; glochids stramineous-colored; mature fruit red, greenish yellow or pink; [coastal and inland areas, restricted to FL]
Spines white (at least on second year’s growth), generally round at the base and thus round in cross section, strongly retrorsely barbed or not; glochids stramineous-colored; mature fruit red, greenish yellow or pink; [coastal and inland areas, restricted to FL]
Asteraceae
Pappus not only coroniform, either absent or variously composed of scales, awns, or plumose bristles (Galinsogeopsis has 2 antrorsely barbed bristles plus a crowns of laciniate scales); disk florets yellow, red-brown, or pinkish.
Pappus not only coroniform, either absent or variously composed of scales, awns, or plumose bristles (Galinsogeopsis has 2 antrorsely barbed bristles plus a crowns of laciniate scales); disk florets yellow, red-brown, or pinkish.
Bidens
Rays 12-25+ mm long; cypselas 2.5-4.5 mm long, the margins not barbed or ciliate
Rays 12-25+ mm long; cypselas 2.5-4.5 mm long, the margins not barbed or ciliate
Bidens
Rays absent or 2-5 (-12) mm long; cypselas (3-) 6-13 mm long, the margins sometimes barbed or ciliate.
Rays absent or 2-5 (-12) mm long; cypselas (3-) 6-13 mm long, the margins sometimes barbed or ciliate.
Bidens
Cypselas 2.5-5 mm long, the margins not winged, barbed, or ciliate
Cypselas 2.5-5 mm long, the margins not winged, barbed, or ciliate
Bidens
Cypselas (4-) 5-8 mm long, the margins usually barbed or ciliate, and often also corky-winged.
Cypselas (4-) 5-8 mm long, the margins usually barbed or ciliate, and often also corky-winged.
Daucus
Involucral bracts scarious-margined, spreading or reflexed in fruit; spines of fruit not prominently barbed apically; umbel rays 10-65 mm long (at least some in a given inflorescence usually exceeding 30 mm); umbellets (10-) 20-numerous flowered; central flower of the umbel usually dark purple; plant a freely-branched biennial
Involucral bracts scarious-margined, spreading or reflexed in fruit; spines of fruit not prominently barbed apically; umbel rays 10-65 mm long (at least some in a given inflorescence usually exceeding 30 mm); umbellets (10-) 20-numerous flowered; central flower of the umbel usually dark purple; plant a freely-branched biennial
Daucus
Involucral bracts not scarious-margined, appressed-ascending in fruit; spines of the fruit prominently barbed apically with a set of retrorse barbs; umbel rays 5-26 mm long; umbellets 5-12 flowered; central flower of the umbel white; plant an unbranched (or rarely few-branched) annual
Involucral bracts not scarious-margined, appressed-ascending in fruit; spines of the fruit prominently barbed apically with a set of retrorse barbs; umbel rays 5-26 mm long; umbellets 5-12 flowered; central flower of the umbel white; plant an unbranched (or rarely few-branched) annual
Zornia
Leaves with 4 leaflets; floral bracts ovate to elliptic, 3.5-7.1 mm wide; loment with retrorsely barbed bristles but otherwise glabrous; loments with 2-4 segments; loment segments lunulate, 3.4-4.2 mm long
Leaves with 4 leaflets; floral bracts ovate to elliptic, 3.5-7.1 mm wide; loment with retrorsely barbed bristles but otherwise glabrous; loments with 2-4 segments; loment segments lunulate, 3.4-4.2 mm long
Zornia
Leaves with 2 leaflets; floral bracts lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1.3-1.7 mm wide; loment with retrorsely barbed bristles and hirtellous; loments with (3-) 4-6 (-7) segments; loment segments ± square, 1.9-2.1 mm long.
Leaves with 2 leaflets; floral bracts lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1.3-1.7 mm wide; loment with retrorsely barbed bristles and hirtellous; loments with (3-) 4-6 (-7) segments; loment segments ± square, 1.9-2.1 mm long.
Schoenoplectiella
Perianth bristles 4-6, densely retrorsely barbed, equaling or longer than the achene
Perianth bristles 4-6, densely retrorsely barbed, equaling or longer than the achene
Schoenoplectiella
Perianth bristles 1-4, smooth or very sparsely retrorsely barbed, equaling or shorter than the achene
Perianth bristles 1-4, smooth or very sparsely retrorsely barbed, equaling or shorter than the achene
Eleocharis
Achenes lacking a stout spongy region at the apex, distinctly separate from the tubercles (or achene apex slightly constricted into a hard annular thickening, but still with a distinguishable transition zone as in E. mutata); perianth bristles distinctly retrorsely barbed; [coastal areas; s. FL and s. TX].
Achenes lacking a stout spongy region at the apex, distinctly separate from the tubercles (or achene apex slightly constricted into a hard annular thickening, but still with a distinguishable transition zone as in E. mutata); perianth bristles distinctly retrorsely barbed; [coastal areas; s. FL and s. TX].
Eleocharis
Perianth bristles 5-7, retrorsely barbed, exceeding tubercle; tubercles 0.3-0.5 mm high; [widespread, VA w. to MO northward]
Perianth bristles 5-7, retrorsely barbed, exceeding tubercle; tubercles 0.3-0.5 mm high; [widespread, VA w. to MO northward]
Fuirena
Perianth bristles retrorsely barbed, reaching perianth blade base or beyond; scales of the spikelets with 3-5 (-7) lower ribs, the apical cusp 1/2-1x the length of the scale; [MA s. to FL, w. to c. TX]
Perianth bristles retrorsely barbed, reaching perianth blade base or beyond; scales of the spikelets with 3-5 (-7) lower ribs, the apical cusp 1/2-1x the length of the scale; [MA s. to FL, w. to c. TX]
Asteraceae
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Asteraceae
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Asteraceae
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Asteraceae
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Asteraceae
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Pappus wholly or partially of scales (broad to narrow, sometimes almost bristle-like, but at least in part flattened) or awns (these often barbed)
Asteraceae
Cypselas 2.5-16 mm long, usually not winged; pappus awns (if present) usually retrorsely barbed; rays white
Cypselas 2.5-16 mm long, usually not winged; pappus awns (if present) usually retrorsely barbed; rays white
Asteraceae
Pappus absent or of 1-2 antrorsely-barbed or subplumose bristles; leaf blades usually lobed; [c. and TX westward; formerly Perityle]
Pappus absent or of 1-2 antrorsely-barbed or subplumose bristles; leaf blades usually lobed; [c. and TX westward; formerly Perityle]


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43 key lines found. Start a new search Searched: Lead Characteristics with Glossary