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Scientific Lead Number Lead Position Lead Characteristics Lead Characteristics with Glossary Line result key id Line result taxon id result text
Ophioglossum
Sterile blade ovate to elliptic, the base cuneate to obtuse, broadest between one quarter and one half of the way from the base to the tip; primary areoles mostly < 2 mm wide, with included veinlets.
Sterile blade ovate to elliptic, the base cuneate to obtuse, broadest between one quarter and one half of the way from the base to the tip; primary areoles mostly < 2 mm wide, with included veinlets.
Sceptridium
Sterile pinna and pinnule apices round to obtuse; ultimate segments cuneate, rounded, or truncate at the base; ultimate segments remote or overlapping; [VA and KY southwards]
Sterile pinna and pinnule apices round to obtuse; ultimate segments cuneate, rounded, or truncate at the base; ultimate segments remote or overlapping; [VA and KY southwards]
Sceptridium
Sterile blade mostly 2(-3)-pinnate, herbaceous in texture; ultimate blade segments mostly oblong to obliquely lanceolate, the margins nearly parallel, the base cuneate, the apex relatively blunt
Sterile blade mostly 2(-3)-pinnate, herbaceous in texture; ultimate blade segments mostly oblong to obliquely lanceolate, the margins nearly parallel, the base cuneate, the apex relatively blunt
Cystopteris
Leaf blade 2-2.5 (-3)× as long as wide; pinnae usually at an acute angle to the rachis, curving toward the blade apex; margins of pinnae crenulate, the teeth rounded; basal pinnules short-stalked or sessile, rounded to cuneate at the base; indusium about 0.5 mm long, ovate to round; pinnae usually at an acute angle to the rachis; [on rock outcrops or forest floor].
Leaf blade 2-2.5 (-3)× as long as wide; pinnae usually at an acute angle to the rachis, curving toward the blade apex; margins of pinnae crenulate, the teeth rounded; basal pinnules short-stalked or sessile, rounded to cuneate at the base; indusium about 0.5 mm long, ovate to round; pinnae usually at an acute angle to the rachis; [on rock outcrops or forest floor].
Cystopteris
Rhizome short-creeping, the apex extending only 1-5 mm beyond the last of the closely-spaced petioles; rhizome covered with scales, lacking hairs; spores 32-42 μ long; leaves thicker in texture; basal pinnules slightly stalked or merely cuneate to the base; petiole dark brown; lowermost pinnules of each pinna slightly lobed; [often on rocks, less commonly on forest floor]
Rhizome short-creeping, the apex extending only 1-5 mm beyond the last of the closely-spaced petioles; rhizome covered with scales, lacking hairs; spores 32-42 μ long; leaves thicker in texture; basal pinnules slightly stalked or merely cuneate to the base; petiole dark brown; lowermost pinnules of each pinna slightly lobed; [often on rocks, less commonly on forest floor]
Peperomia
Leaves 2-4× as long as wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; plant either with conspicuous black punctate glands on stems and leaves, or black punctate glands absent or minute and inconspicuous.
Leaves 2-4× as long as wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; plant either with conspicuous black punctate glands on stems and leaves, or black punctate glands absent or minute and inconspicuous.
Peperomia
Leaves 2-4× as long as wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; plant either with conspicuous black punctate glands on stems and leaves, or black punctate glands absent or minute and inconspicuous.
Leaves 2-4× as long as wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; plant either with conspicuous black punctate glands on stems and leaves, or black punctate glands absent or minute and inconspicuous.
Peperomia
Leaves 0.8-2× as long as wide, the apex rounded to emarginate (or if broadly cuneate, then the base rounded to truncate); plant lacking dark punctate glands (may have pellucid or amber glands).
Leaves 0.8-2× as long as wide, the apex rounded to emarginate (or if broadly cuneate, then the base rounded to truncate); plant lacking dark punctate glands (may have pellucid or amber glands).
Peperomia
Leaves 1.3-2× as long as wide; largest leaves > 4 cm long, > 1.5 cm wide; leaf base cuneate; leaf venation pinnate (4-10 secondary veins diverging from the midvein at intervals above the base).
Leaves 1.3-2× as long as wide; largest leaves > 4 cm long, > 1.5 cm wide; leaf base cuneate; leaf venation pinnate (4-10 secondary veins diverging from the midvein at intervals above the base).
Magnolia
Leaves cuneate to rounded (subcordate) at base; leaves distributed along the twigs (or clustered in a 'pseudowhorl' in M. tripetala).
Leaves cuneate to rounded (subcordate) at base; leaves distributed along the twigs (or clustered in a 'pseudowhorl' in M. tripetala).
Magnolia
Leaves cuneate to rounded (subcordate) at base; leaves distributed along the twigs (or clustered in a 'pseudowhorl' in M. tripetala).
Leaves cuneate to rounded (subcordate) at base; leaves distributed along the twigs (or clustered in a 'pseudowhorl' in M. tripetala).
Magnolia
Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]
Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]
Magnolia
Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]
Leaf base cuneate-attenuate; leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate (broader toward the tip); leaves 3-16 cm long; tepals white to pink or purplish; [Asian species, used horticulturally and rarely persistent or weakly establishing]; [section Yulania]
Magnolia
Leaf base rounded to subcordate (often cuneate to widely cuneate in M. acuminata var. subcordata); leaves 10-30 cm long, broader toward the base; tepals green to yellow; [native]; [section Tulipastrum].
Leaf base rounded to subcordate (often cuneate to widely cuneate in M. acuminata var. subcordata); leaves 10-30 cm long, broader toward the base; tepals green to yellow; [native]; [section Tulipastrum].
Lindera
Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long
Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long
Lindera
Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long
Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long
Lindera
Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long
Leaf base cuneate; leaves widely obovate, plane (not rugose), with a short-acuminate apex, glabrous above, borne horizontally, spicy-fragrant when crushed; shrubs not colonial, often multi-stemmed from base, short to tall (to 5 m tall); fruiting pedicels 3-5 mm long
Lindera
Leaf base widely cuneate to rounded; leaves narrowly ovate, reticulate-rugose, with an acute apex, pubescent above, drooping, fragrant when crushed with an odor like sassafras; shrubs colonial, short (to 2 m tall); fruiting pedicels 7-12 mm long
Leaf base widely cuneate to rounded; leaves narrowly ovate, reticulate-rugose, with an acute apex, pubescent above, drooping, fragrant when crushed with an odor like sassafras; shrubs colonial, short (to 2 m tall); fruiting pedicels 7-12 mm long
Lindera
Leaf base widely cuneate to rounded; leaves narrowly ovate, reticulate-rugose, with an acute apex, pubescent above, drooping, fragrant when crushed with an odor like sassafras; shrubs colonial, short (to 2 m tall); fruiting pedicels 7-12 mm long
Leaf base widely cuneate to rounded; leaves narrowly ovate, reticulate-rugose, with an acute apex, pubescent above, drooping, fragrant when crushed with an odor like sassafras; shrubs colonial, short (to 2 m tall); fruiting pedicels 7-12 mm long
Lindera
Leaf base widely cuneate to rounded; leaves narrowly ovate, reticulate-rugose, with an acute apex, pubescent above, drooping, fragrant when crushed with an odor like sassafras; shrubs colonial, short (to 2 m tall); fruiting pedicels 7-12 mm long
Leaf base widely cuneate to rounded; leaves narrowly ovate, reticulate-rugose, with an acute apex, pubescent above, drooping, fragrant when crushed with an odor like sassafras; shrubs colonial, short (to 2 m tall); fruiting pedicels 7-12 mm long
Araceae
Spathe absent or obscure; leaf blade 2.5-5× as long as wide, cuneate at the base, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic; leaf venation parallel; [subfamily Orontioideae, tribe Orontieae]
Spathe absent or obscure; leaf blade 2.5-5× as long as wide, cuneate at the base, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic; leaf venation parallel; [subfamily Orontioideae, tribe Orontieae]
Araceae
Spathe absent or obscure; leaf blade 2.5-5× as long as wide, cuneate at the base, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic; leaf venation parallel; [subfamily Orontioideae, tribe Orontieae]
Spathe absent or obscure; leaf blade 2.5-5× as long as wide, cuneate at the base, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic; leaf venation parallel; [subfamily Orontioideae, tribe Orontieae]
Sagittaria
Leaves very variable from population to population, in swiftly flowing black water typically about 100 cm long and 1-3 mm wide, in more stagnant water (or when emersed by dropping water levels, typically with lax petioles and floating blades, the blades lanceolate, or elliptic, the base cuneate, rounded, or cordate; [blackwater streams and ponds, MA south to FL, west to s. AL]
Leaves very variable from population to population, in swiftly flowing black water typically about 100 cm long and 1-3 mm wide, in more stagnant water (or when emersed by dropping water levels, typically with lax petioles and floating blades, the blades lanceolate, or elliptic, the base cuneate, rounded, or cordate; [blackwater streams and ponds, MA south to FL, west to s. AL]
Sagittaria
Leaves very variable from population to population, in swiftly flowing black water typically about 100 cm long and 1-3 mm wide, in more stagnant water (or when emersed by dropping water levels, typically with lax petioles and floating blades, the blades lanceolate, or elliptic, the base cuneate, rounded, or cordate; [blackwater streams and ponds, MA south to FL, west to s. AL]
Leaves very variable from population to population, in swiftly flowing black water typically about 100 cm long and 1-3 mm wide, in more stagnant water (or when emersed by dropping water levels, typically with lax petioles and floating blades, the blades lanceolate, or elliptic, the base cuneate, rounded, or cordate; [blackwater streams and ponds, MA south to FL, west to s. AL]
Melanthium
Leaf blades (the larger, basal) narrowly to broadly elliptic, 17-50 cm long, 3-14 cm wide, with an obvious petiolar base 1-10 cm long; tepals green to maroon or purple, cuneate (not clawed); tepal blade 2-4× as long as wide.
Leaf blades (the larger, basal) narrowly to broadly elliptic, 17-50 cm long, 3-14 cm wide, with an obvious petiolar base 1-10 cm long; tepals green to maroon or purple, cuneate (not clawed); tepal blade 2-4× as long as wide.
Pontederiaceae
Inflorescence with > 30 flowers; fruit 1-seeded, indehiscent, a utricle; seeds smooth; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-10× as long as wide, the base cordate, truncate, or cuneate
Inflorescence with > 30 flowers; fruit 1-seeded, indehiscent, a utricle; seeds smooth; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-10× as long as wide, the base cordate, truncate, or cuneate
Pontederiaceae
Inflorescence with > 30 flowers; fruit 1-seeded, indehiscent, a utricle; seeds smooth; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-10× as long as wide, the base cordate, truncate, or cuneate
Inflorescence with > 30 flowers; fruit 1-seeded, indehiscent, a utricle; seeds smooth; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-10× as long as wide, the base cordate, truncate, or cuneate
Heteranthera
Base of petiolate leaf blades cuneate to truncate; leaf apex acute to obtuse; perianth radially symmetrical or nearly so; vegetative stems elongating only in water deeper than 5 cm; perianth tube 15-45 mm long
Base of petiolate leaf blades cuneate to truncate; leaf apex acute to obtuse; perianth radially symmetrical or nearly so; vegetative stems elongating only in water deeper than 5 cm; perianth tube 15-45 mm long
Pontederia
Floral tube villous when young, essentially glabrous to sparsely glandular in maturity; leaves primarily ovate to triangular-lanceolate, 2.2-21 cm wide, the base generally cordate or truncate (rarely cuneate)
Floral tube villous when young, essentially glabrous to sparsely glandular in maturity; leaves primarily ovate to triangular-lanceolate, 2.2-21 cm wide, the base generally cordate or truncate (rarely cuneate)
Pontederia
Floral tube persistently pubescent with short glandular hairs; leaves lanceolate, 0.4-8.3 cm wide, the base generally cuneate to truncate
Floral tube persistently pubescent with short glandular hairs; leaves lanceolate, 0.4-8.3 cm wide, the base generally cuneate to truncate
Xyris
Seeds farinose, dark brown (X. stricta) or pale (X. louisianica) at maturity, narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid; spike dark brown, the scales tightly imbricate; plant bases maroon, purplish, dark-brown, or reddish-brown; leaves 2-5 mm wide; petal blades triangular-cuneate, 3-5 mm long, opening at mid-day.
Seeds farinose, dark brown (X. stricta) or pale (X. louisianica) at maturity, narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid; spike dark brown, the scales tightly imbricate; plant bases maroon, purplish, dark-brown, or reddish-brown; leaves 2-5 mm wide; petal blades triangular-cuneate, 3-5 mm long, opening at mid-day.
Carex
Base of perigynium cuneate to rounded; distance from base of perigynium to base of achene 0.1-0.5 mm; [primarily of the Mountains in our area on dry soils]
Base of perigynium cuneate to rounded; distance from base of perigynium to base of achene 0.1-0.5 mm; [primarily of the Mountains in our area on dry soils]
Carex
Perigynia 1.6-2.5× as long as wide, widest just below the middle, the base broadly cuneate to rounded.
Perigynia 1.6-2.5× as long as wide, widest just below the middle, the base broadly cuneate to rounded.
Carex
Perigynia rhombic-ovoid, cuneate to the base, 8-35 per spike, radiating in all directions and therefore forming a globular spike
Perigynia rhombic-ovoid, cuneate to the base, 8-35 per spike, radiating in all directions and therefore forming a globular spike
Eleocharis
Spikelets distinctly long and cylindric (> 4× as long as wide); the width of the spikelets the same as the culm width, thus not conspicuously expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets narrowly cuneate; achenes biconvex; [subgenus Limnochloa , in part]
Spikelets distinctly long and cylindric (> 4× as long as wide); the width of the spikelets the same as the culm width, thus not conspicuously expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets narrowly cuneate; achenes biconvex; [subgenus Limnochloa , in part]
Eleocharis
Spikelets distinctly long and cylindric (> 4× as long as wide); the width of the spikelets the same as the culm width, thus not conspicuously expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets narrowly cuneate; achenes biconvex; [subgenus Limnochloa , in part]
Spikelets distinctly long and cylindric (> 4× as long as wide); the width of the spikelets the same as the culm width, thus not conspicuously expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets narrowly cuneate; achenes biconvex; [subgenus Limnochloa , in part]
Eleocharis
Spikelets typically ovoid, but also terete, lanceoloid, or ellipsoid and rarely cylindric (e.g. E. palustris), < 4× as long as wide; spikelets distinctly wider than the culms, thus obviously differentiated and expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate; achenes biconvex, terete, trigonous, or compressed-trigonous.
Spikelets typically ovoid, but also terete, lanceoloid, or ellipsoid and rarely cylindric (e.g. E. palustris), < 4× as long as wide; spikelets distinctly wider than the culms, thus obviously differentiated and expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate; achenes biconvex, terete, trigonous, or compressed-trigonous.
Eleocharis
Spikelets typically ovoid, but also terete, lanceoloid, or ellipsoid and rarely cylindric (e.g. E. palustris), < 4× as long as wide; spikelets distinctly wider than the culms, thus obviously differentiated and expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate; achenes biconvex, terete, trigonous, or compressed-trigonous.
Spikelets typically ovoid, but also terete, lanceoloid, or ellipsoid and rarely cylindric (e.g. E. palustris), < 4× as long as wide; spikelets distinctly wider than the culms, thus obviously differentiated and expanded from the culms below; the base of the spikelets broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate; achenes biconvex, terete, trigonous, or compressed-trigonous.
Schoenoplectiella
Achenes 1.75-2.0 mm long, unequally biconvex (rounded on both faces, but less so on one than the other), rounded-obovate, broadly cuneate at the base, rounded at the apex.
Achenes 1.75-2.0 mm long, unequally biconvex (rounded on both faces, but less so on one than the other), rounded-obovate, broadly cuneate at the base, rounded at the apex.
Schoenoplectiella
Achenes 1.5-1.8 mm long, planoconvex (nearly flat on 1 face), obovate, cuneate at the base, subtruncate at the apex.
Achenes 1.5-1.8 mm long, planoconvex (nearly flat on 1 face), obovate, cuneate at the base, subtruncate at the apex.
Poaceae
Leaves tapering to a broadly cuneate base; spikelets unawned, paired (one of the pair sometimes vestigial); each panicle with 1-few rames
Leaves tapering to a broadly cuneate base; spikelets unawned, paired (one of the pair sometimes vestigial); each panicle with 1-few rames
Actaea
Terminal leaflet broadly cuneate, rounded, truncate, or subcordate, mostly < 12 cm wide, with 3 major veins arising from the base; principal leaves with (15-) 20-70 leaflets.
Terminal leaflet broadly cuneate, rounded, truncate, or subcordate, mostly < 12 cm wide, with 3 major veins arising from the base; principal leaves with (15-) 20-70 leaflets.
Ranunculus
Leaves and stems villous, at least sparsely so and at least toward the base of the plant; basal leaves 1-2.5 cm wide, truncate to cuneate (rarely cordate) at the base; roots sometimes in part fusiform-thickened; receptacle surface glabrous; achenes dull
Leaves and stems villous, at least sparsely so and at least toward the base of the plant; basal leaves 1-2.5 cm wide, truncate to cuneate (rarely cordate) at the base; roots sometimes in part fusiform-thickened; receptacle surface glabrous; achenes dull
Ribes
Ovary with glandular hairs which become stiff spines on the mature fruit; leaf bases cordate to deeply cordate (rarely truncate or cuneate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 190-230º, moderately to sparsely silvery-pilose beneath, usually on the surface as well as on the veins and in the vein axils; stamens at full anthesis equaling the petals
Ovary with glandular hairs which become stiff spines on the mature fruit; leaf bases cordate to deeply cordate (rarely truncate or cuneate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 190-230º, moderately to sparsely silvery-pilose beneath, usually on the surface as well as on the veins and in the vein axils; stamens at full anthesis equaling the petals
Ribes
Ovary and fruit glabrous; leaf bases rounded or cuneate (rarely truncate or cordate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 130-170º, glabrescent to sparsely pubescent beneath (mostly on the veins and in the vein axils); stamens at full anthesis exceeding the petals
Ovary and fruit glabrous; leaf bases rounded or cuneate (rarely truncate or cordate), the angle of leaf tissue mostly 130-170º, glabrescent to sparsely pubescent beneath (mostly on the veins and in the vein axils); stamens at full anthesis exceeding the petals
Saxifragaceae
Basal leaves short-petioled or sessile, the petioles 0-1× as long as the blade; basal leaves cuneate or rounded at the base; leaf venation predominately pinnate.
Basal leaves short-petioled or sessile, the petioles 0-1× as long as the blade; basal leaves cuneate or rounded at the base; leaf venation predominately pinnate.
Micranthes
Leaves not petiolate, cuneate to the base, gradually increasing in width from the base to the widest point; leaf blade margins densely ciliate with long, gland-tipped hairs; corolla normally bilaterally symmetrical, the 3 upper petals distinctly clawed and each with 2 yellow spots, the 2 lower petals smaller, cuneate, and not spotted (corolla sometimes radially symmetric and all 5 petals clawed and spotted); [section Stellares].
Leaves not petiolate, cuneate to the base, gradually increasing in width from the base to the widest point; leaf blade margins densely ciliate with long, gland-tipped hairs; corolla normally bilaterally symmetrical, the 3 upper petals distinctly clawed and each with 2 yellow spots, the 2 lower petals smaller, cuneate, and not spotted (corolla sometimes radially symmetric and all 5 petals clawed and spotted); [section Stellares].
Saxifraga
Plant annual; leaves elongate, cuneate at base, tridentate at the tip; flowers radially symmetrical; [section Saxifraga; subsection Tridactylites]
Plant annual; leaves elongate, cuneate at base, tridentate at the tip; flowers radially symmetrical; [section Saxifraga; subsection Tridactylites]
Sedum
Leaves of flower-bearing stems narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, spatulate, cuneate or short-spurred at the base (not clasping); petals white; perennial or annual.
Leaves of flower-bearing stems narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, spatulate, cuneate or short-spurred at the base (not clasping); petals white; perennial or annual.
Fabaceae
Petiole not winged; leaflet blade 8-15× as long as wide, cuneate at the base; foliage glandular-punctate; [tribe Psoraleeae]
Petiole not winged; leaflet blade 8-15× as long as wide, cuneate at the base; foliage glandular-punctate; [tribe Psoraleeae]
Baptisia
Plant glabrous; leaves 1.3-1.6× as long as wide, rounded to broadly cuneate at base; corolla 12-15 mm long, pale yellow to greenish; [of the FL Panhandle (Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla counties)]
Plant glabrous; leaves 1.3-1.6× as long as wide, rounded to broadly cuneate at base; corolla 12-15 mm long, pale yellow to greenish; [of the FL Panhandle (Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla counties)]
Lespedeza
Leaflets distinctly widest toward the tip, 3-5× as long as wide, the base and apex very differently shaped (the base narrowly cuneate, the tip rounded, truncate or even retuse); racemes reduced, with 2-3 flowers, shorter than the subtending leaves; [plants exotic]
Leaflets distinctly widest toward the tip, 3-5× as long as wide, the base and apex very differently shaped (the base narrowly cuneate, the tip rounded, truncate or even retuse); racemes reduced, with 2-3 flowers, shorter than the subtending leaves; [plants exotic]
Lespedeza
Leaflets generally widest near the middle, 1-8 (-10)× as long as wide, the base and apex shaped similarly (i.e., both rounded, or both cuneate); racemes with 3-many flowers, shorter or longer than the subtending leaves; [plants native, except L. virgata and L. daurica].
Leaflets generally widest near the middle, 1-8 (-10)× as long as wide, the base and apex shaped similarly (i.e., both rounded, or both cuneate); racemes with 3-many flowers, shorter or longer than the subtending leaves; [plants native, except L. virgata and L. daurica].
Prunus
Leaves narrowly to broadly cuneate at the base; petiole usually lacking glands near its junction with the leaf blade; sepals glabrous on the lower side
Leaves narrowly to broadly cuneate at the base; petiole usually lacking glands near its junction with the leaf blade; sepals glabrous on the lower side
Spiraea
Follicle 1-2 mm long; leaves 2-4× as long as wide, acute at apex, cuneate at base; plants 4-25 dm tall; [of rocky riverbanks]
Follicle 1-2 mm long; leaves 2-4× as long as wide, acute at apex, cuneate at base; plants 4-25 dm tall; [of rocky riverbanks]
Amelanchier
Inflorescences 1-3 (-4)-flowered; leaves imbricate in bud, bases cuneate; petioles 2-10 (-15) mm; [WV northward]
Inflorescences 1-3 (-4)-flowered; leaves imbricate in bud, bases cuneate; petioles 2-10 (-15) mm; [WV northward]
Amelanchier
Inflorescences usually 4-many-flowered; leaves conduplicate in bud, bases truncate or rounded to cordate (rarely cuneate); petioles usually at least 10 mm; [collectively widespread].
Inflorescences usually 4-many-flowered; leaves conduplicate in bud, bases truncate or rounded to cordate (rarely cuneate); petioles usually at least 10 mm; [collectively widespread].
Crataegus
Leaf blades elliptical, rhomboid, suborbicular, obovate or oblanceolate, widest at midpoint or beyond midpoint; blade base usually cuneate.
Leaf blades elliptical, rhomboid, suborbicular, obovate or oblanceolate, widest at midpoint or beyond midpoint; blade base usually cuneate.
Crataegus
Leaf blade cuneate at base, margin distinctly toothed or dentate near apex.
Leaf blade cuneate at base, margin distinctly toothed or dentate near apex.
Crataegus
Leaf base short-cuneate or acute; lobes or teeth acute
Leaf base short-cuneate or acute; lobes or teeth acute
Crataegus
Leaf base narrowly cuneate; lobes and teeth obtuse or rounded
Leaf base narrowly cuneate; lobes and teeth obtuse or rounded
Rhamnus
Leaf base cuneate; leaves mostly 2-4× as long as wide, with (3-) 4-7 (-8) lateral veins on either side of the midrib; drupe stones 2.
Leaf base cuneate; leaves mostly 2-4× as long as wide, with (3-) 4-7 (-8) lateral veins on either side of the midrib; drupe stones 2.
Rhamnus
Leaf base cuneate; leaves mostly 2-4× as long as wide, with (3-) 4-7 (-8) lateral veins on either side of the midrib; drupe stones 2.
Leaf base cuneate; leaves mostly 2-4× as long as wide, with (3-) 4-7 (-8) lateral veins on either side of the midrib; drupe stones 2.
Ficus
Peduncles < 5 mm long; figs 5-15 mm in diameter, yellow, orange, red, purple or black when ripe; leaves rounded to cuneate at the base.
Peduncles < 5 mm long; figs 5-15 mm in diameter, yellow, orange, red, purple or black when ripe; leaves rounded to cuneate at the base.
Quercus
Leaves 2-10 (-15) cm long, mostly with cuneate or rounded bases (in some species sometimes subcordate, truncate, or oblique); lower leaf surfaces glabrous, glabrescent, or pubescent, but the pubescence not orange and glandlike.
Leaves 2-10 (-15) cm long, mostly with cuneate or rounded bases (in some species sometimes subcordate, truncate, or oblique); lower leaf surfaces glabrous, glabrescent, or pubescent, but the pubescence not orange and glandlike.
Quercus
Leaves with broadly cuneate to rounded leaf bases, the blades 5-15 cm long; lower leaf surfaces generally pubescent across the surface, and also with tufts in the axils; [of sw. GA westward]
Leaves with broadly cuneate to rounded leaf bases, the blades 5-15 cm long; lower leaf surfaces generally pubescent across the surface, and also with tufts in the axils; [of sw. GA westward]
Quercus
Leaves with cuneate bases, the blades 5-10 (-15) cm long; lower leaf surfaces glabrous, except for tufts of hairs in the vein axils; [widespread in our area]
Leaves with cuneate bases, the blades 5-10 (-15) cm long; lower leaf surfaces glabrous, except for tufts of hairs in the vein axils; [widespread in our area]
Quercus
Leaf base cuneate; [native].
Leaf base cuneate; [native].
Quercus
Leaves with broadly cuneate to rounded leaf bases, the blades 5-15 cm long; lower leaf surfaces generally pubescent across the surface, and also with tufts in the axils; [of sw. GA westward]
Leaves with broadly cuneate to rounded leaf bases, the blades 5-15 cm long; lower leaf surfaces generally pubescent across the surface, and also with tufts in the axils; [of sw. GA westward]
Quercus
Leaves with cuneate bases, the blades 5-10 (-15) cm long; lower leaf surfaces glabrous, except for tufts of hairs in the vein axils; [widespread in our area]
Leaves with cuneate bases, the blades 5-10 (-15) cm long; lower leaf surfaces glabrous, except for tufts of hairs in the vein axils; [widespread in our area]
Quercus
Base of blades of sun-leaves typically rounded, thus forming a U-shape (some leaves cuneate, angled, or oblique); terminal lobe of leaves generally long-attenuated, narrow (its sides nearly parallel for much of its length), and curved to one side (falcate) (note that trees with the trilobed leaf form will key out above); leaves with 3-7 well-developed lobes, these often very irregular in size, shape, spacing, and orientation; pubescence of lower leaf surface normally tawny (when fresh)
Base of blades of sun-leaves typically rounded, thus forming a U-shape (some leaves cuneate, angled, or oblique); terminal lobe of leaves generally long-attenuated, narrow (its sides nearly parallel for much of its length), and curved to one side (falcate) (note that trees with the trilobed leaf form will key out above); leaves with 3-7 well-developed lobes, these often very irregular in size, shape, spacing, and orientation; pubescence of lower leaf surface normally tawny (when fresh)
Quercus
Base of blades of sun-leaves typically cuneate or angled, thus forming a V-shape (some leaves somewhat U-shaped or oblique); terminal lobe of leaves generally short, broadly triangular (its sides normally tapering toward the tip for most of their length), not strongly curved to one side; leaves with 5-11 well-developed lobes, these generally rather uniform in size, shape, spacing, and orientation; pubescence of leaf surface gray
Base of blades of sun-leaves typically cuneate or angled, thus forming a V-shape (some leaves somewhat U-shaped or oblique); terminal lobe of leaves generally short, broadly triangular (its sides normally tapering toward the tip for most of their length), not strongly curved to one side; leaves with 5-11 well-developed lobes, these generally rather uniform in size, shape, spacing, and orientation; pubescence of leaf surface gray
Betula
Leaves broadly cuneate at the base; inner bark of the twigs bitter, not aromatic; [subgenus Betulaster]
Leaves broadly cuneate at the base; inner bark of the twigs bitter, not aromatic; [subgenus Betulaster]
Betula
Leaves broadly cuneate at the base; inner bark of the twigs bitter, not aromatic; [subgenus Betulaster]
Leaves broadly cuneate at the base; inner bark of the twigs bitter, not aromatic; [subgenus Betulaster]
Betula
Leaves broadly cuneate at the base; inner bark of the twigs bitter, not aromatic; [subgenus Betulaster]
Leaves broadly cuneate at the base; inner bark of the twigs bitter, not aromatic; [subgenus Betulaster]
Betula
Leaf blades broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, with 6-9 pairs of lateral veins; scales of carpellate aments 3.9-6.2 mm long, the lateral lobes divergent (curved outwards, away from the apex); bark of mature trees chalky white (rarely light brown to dark brown); twigs densely pubescent; lenticels of young twigs variable in size, the smallest about 0.25 mm; leaf margins usually obviously doubly-serrate
Leaf blades broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, with 6-9 pairs of lateral veins; scales of carpellate aments 3.9-6.2 mm long, the lateral lobes divergent (curved outwards, away from the apex); bark of mature trees chalky white (rarely light brown to dark brown); twigs densely pubescent; lenticels of young twigs variable in size, the smallest about 0.25 mm; leaf margins usually obviously doubly-serrate
Betula
Leaf blades broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, with 6-9 pairs of lateral veins; scales of carpellate aments 3.9-6.2 mm long, the lateral lobes divergent (curved outwards, away from the apex); bark of mature trees chalky white (rarely light brown to dark brown); twigs densely pubescent; lenticels of young twigs variable in size, the smallest about 0.25 mm; leaf margins usually obviously doubly-serrate
Leaf blades broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, with 6-9 pairs of lateral veins; scales of carpellate aments 3.9-6.2 mm long, the lateral lobes divergent (curved outwards, away from the apex); bark of mature trees chalky white (rarely light brown to dark brown); twigs densely pubescent; lenticels of young twigs variable in size, the smallest about 0.25 mm; leaf margins usually obviously doubly-serrate
Betula
Leaf blades broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, with 6-9 pairs of lateral veins; scales of carpellate aments 3.9-6.2 mm long, the lateral lobes divergent (curved outwards, away from the apex); bark of mature trees chalky white (rarely light brown to dark brown); twigs densely pubescent; lenticels of young twigs variable in size, the smallest about 0.25 mm; leaf margins usually obviously doubly-serrate
Leaf blades broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, with 6-9 pairs of lateral veins; scales of carpellate aments 3.9-6.2 mm long, the lateral lobes divergent (curved outwards, away from the apex); bark of mature trees chalky white (rarely light brown to dark brown); twigs densely pubescent; lenticels of young twigs variable in size, the smallest about 0.25 mm; leaf margins usually obviously doubly-serrate
Parnassia
Leaf blades ovate, longer than wide, the base rounded, broadly cuneate, truncate, or cordate; staminodia longer than the stamens (P. caroliniana and P. grandifolia) or shorter than the stamens (P. glauca); petal margins planar.
Leaf blades ovate, longer than wide, the base rounded, broadly cuneate, truncate, or cordate; staminodia longer than the stamens (P. caroliniana and P. grandifolia) or shorter than the stamens (P. glauca); petal margins planar.
Triadenum
Leaves narrowed to the cuneate or broadly cuneate (rarely truncate) base.
Leaves narrowed to the cuneate or broadly cuneate (rarely truncate) base.
Hypericum
Leaves cuneate at the base, oblanceolate, oblong, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 2.5-10× as long as wide; shrub prolifically bushy-branched when well-developed, with thin bark; [collectively widespread]; [section Myriandra, subsection Centrosperma].
Leaves cuneate at the base, oblanceolate, oblong, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 2.5-10× as long as wide; shrub prolifically bushy-branched when well-developed, with thin bark; [collectively widespread]; [section Myriandra, subsection Centrosperma].
Hypericum
Leaves lanceolate to linear, 6-30 mm long, 0.5-6 mm wide, the leaf base attenuate to cuneate
Leaves lanceolate to linear, 6-30 mm long, 0.5-6 mm wide, the leaf base attenuate to cuneate
Violaceae
Plant caulescent; leaf blades much longer than broad, base narrowly cuneate; peduncle/pedicel juncture articulated; bottom petal saccate at base, blade slightly to greatly exserted beyond lateral and upper petals.
Plant caulescent; leaf blades much longer than broad, base narrowly cuneate; peduncle/pedicel juncture articulated; bottom petal saccate at base, blade slightly to greatly exserted beyond lateral and upper petals.
Viola
Stems 1 (2), erect in flower; basal leaves 0 (-2); cauline leaves clustered in uppermost 1/4 of stem length, broadly ovate to reniform, subcordate to broadly cuneate at base, broadly obtuse to rounded at apex; foliage densely pubescent throughout; upper surface of leaf blades gray-green; [montane in our region]
Stems 1 (2), erect in flower; basal leaves 0 (-2); cauline leaves clustered in uppermost 1/4 of stem length, broadly ovate to reniform, subcordate to broadly cuneate at base, broadly obtuse to rounded at apex; foliage densely pubescent throughout; upper surface of leaf blades gray-green; [montane in our region]
Viola
Leaf blades narrowly ovate or lance-triangular to rhombic-lanceolate, base cuneate to broadly rounded or truncate; leaf blade surfaces uniformly green.
Leaf blades narrowly ovate or lance-triangular to rhombic-lanceolate, base cuneate to broadly rounded or truncate; leaf blade surfaces uniformly green.
Viola
Corolla strongly frontally flattened in life; flower 'throat' yellow; spur short, up to 3 mm long; stipules deeply pinnately lobed with few to many lateral segments, the terminal lobe resembling the leaf blades; leaf blades linear-lanceolate to elliptical, base cuneate to truncate; plants annual or biennial, without thickish rootstock; [of weedy habitats].
Corolla strongly frontally flattened in life; flower 'throat' yellow; spur short, up to 3 mm long; stipules deeply pinnately lobed with few to many lateral segments, the terminal lobe resembling the leaf blades; leaf blades linear-lanceolate to elliptical, base cuneate to truncate; plants annual or biennial, without thickish rootstock; [of weedy habitats].
Viola
Leaf blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate in early flower, narrowly lanceolate to linear in fruit, 3-15× as long as broad, base cuneate and somewhat decurrent onto petiole.
Leaf blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate in early flower, narrowly lanceolate to linear in fruit, 3-15× as long as broad, base cuneate and somewhat decurrent onto petiole.
Tragia
Larger leaf blades on a plant < 3.5 cm wide and < 8 cm long, cuneate, rounded, truncate, or shallowly cordate at the base; capsules 4-11 mm wide; stamens 3-6 (-10); petioles 0-38 (-41) mm long.
Larger leaf blades on a plant < 3.5 cm wide and < 8 cm long, cuneate, rounded, truncate, or shallowly cordate at the base; capsules 4-11 mm wide; stamens 3-6 (-10); petioles 0-38 (-41) mm long.
Lythrum
Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, widest at a point 1/3 to 2/3 of the way from the base to the apex, the base cuneate, often narrowly so; stems stout, to 13 dm tall; bracteoles mostly on the upper pedicel, immediately below the floral tube
Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, widest at a point 1/3 to 2/3 of the way from the base to the apex, the base cuneate, often narrowly so; stems stout, to 13 dm tall; bracteoles mostly on the upper pedicel, immediately below the floral tube
Ludwigia
Leaves cuneate at base; pedicels 2-5 mm long; nectary discs at base of style flattish, inconspicuous; [widespread in our area, in a wide variety of habitats]
Leaves cuneate at base; pedicels 2-5 mm long; nectary discs at base of style flattish, inconspicuous; [widespread in our area, in a wide variety of habitats]
Acer
Leaves unlobed or 3 (-5)-lobed, the central lobe 1-5 cm long, the lateral lobes (if present) 0.5-2 (-3) cm long; leaf base broadly cuneate to rounded or subcordate; leaves 2-10 cm wide; [primarily of wetlands, especially in the Coastal Plain]
Leaves unlobed or 3 (-5)-lobed, the central lobe 1-5 cm long, the lateral lobes (if present) 0.5-2 (-3) cm long; leaf base broadly cuneate to rounded or subcordate; leaves 2-10 cm wide; [primarily of wetlands, especially in the Coastal Plain]
Malvaceae
Leaves cuneate at base, acuminate at apex; fruit subglobose, with hooked spines
Leaves cuneate at base, acuminate at apex; fruit subglobose, with hooked spines
Sida
Mericarps, styles, and stigmas 7-14; leaves usually cuneate to rounded (cordate to subcordate in S. cordifolia) at the base.
Mericarps, styles, and stigmas 7-14; leaves usually cuneate to rounded (cordate to subcordate in S. cordifolia) at the base.
Sida
Leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; petiole 2-10 (-40) mm long.
Leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; petiole 2-10 (-40) mm long.
Crocanthemum
Stems mostly 20-50 cm tall, clustered, arising from an upright caudex; distinct portion of the outer sepals of the cleistogamous flowers linear, (0.3-) 0.6-1.2 (-1.8) mm long, about 3-5× as long as wide; distinct portion of calyx of the chasmogamous flowers (2.4-) 3.5-4.5 (-8) mm long; cleistogamous capsules sharply 3-angled in cross-section; leaf with broadly cuneate base
Stems mostly 20-50 cm tall, clustered, arising from an upright caudex; distinct portion of the outer sepals of the cleistogamous flowers linear, (0.3-) 0.6-1.2 (-1.8) mm long, about 3-5× as long as wide; distinct portion of calyx of the chasmogamous flowers (2.4-) 3.5-4.5 (-8) mm long; cleistogamous capsules sharply 3-angled in cross-section; leaf with broadly cuneate base
Crocanthemum
Stems mostly 10-30 cm tall, scattered, arising from horizontal elongate rootstocks; distinct portion of the outer sepals of the cleistogamous flowers rudimentary, knob-like, 0.2-0.5 mm long, 1-2× as long as wide; distinct portion of calyx of the chasmogamous flowers (0.7-) 1.5-3.0 (-4.0) mm long; cleistogamous capsules somewhat rounded in cross-section; leaf with narrowly cuneate to attenuate base
Stems mostly 10-30 cm tall, scattered, arising from horizontal elongate rootstocks; distinct portion of the outer sepals of the cleistogamous flowers rudimentary, knob-like, 0.2-0.5 mm long, 1-2× as long as wide; distinct portion of calyx of the chasmogamous flowers (0.7-) 1.5-3.0 (-4.0) mm long; cleistogamous capsules somewhat rounded in cross-section; leaf with narrowly cuneate to attenuate base
Leavenworthia
Styles 2-5.5 mm long; mature siliques cuneate at the base and acute at the tip; [AL (Colbert, Franklin, and Lawrence counties)]
Styles 2-5.5 mm long; mature siliques cuneate at the base and acute at the tip; [AL (Colbert, Franklin, and Lawrence counties)]
Lunaria
Upper cauline leaves spinulose-dentate, the teeth acuminate and usually with a linear tip > 0.5 mm long; siliques cuneate at the base, acute at the tip; plant perennial
Upper cauline leaves spinulose-dentate, the teeth acuminate and usually with a linear tip > 0.5 mm long; siliques cuneate at the base, acute at the tip; plant perennial
Paysonia
Cauline leaves cuneate or petiolate at the base, not auriculate
Cauline leaves cuneate or petiolate at the base, not auriculate
Physaria
Cauline leaves cuneate or petiolate at the base, not auriculate.
Cauline leaves cuneate or petiolate at the base, not auriculate.
Warea
Leaves cuneate at the base.
Leaves cuneate at the base.
Polygonaceae
Leaf base truncate to broadly cuneate
Leaf base truncate to broadly cuneate
Polygonaceae
Leaves cuneate at the base, either linear, spatulate, or oblanceolate, mostly < 4 cm long and < 5 mm wide; leaves jointed at the base; pedicels jointed at the base; [tribe Polygoneae]
Leaves cuneate at the base, either linear, spatulate, or oblanceolate, mostly < 4 cm long and < 5 mm wide; leaves jointed at the base; pedicels jointed at the base; [tribe Polygoneae]
Polygonaceae
Leaves cuneate, cordate, or hastate at the base, either lanceolate or ovate, mostly > 5 cm long and > 8 mm wide; leaves not jointed at the base; pedicels not jointed at the base.
Leaves cuneate, cordate, or hastate at the base, either lanceolate or ovate, mostly > 5 cm long and > 8 mm wide; leaves not jointed at the base; pedicels not jointed at the base.
Coccoloba
Leaf blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, longer than broad; leaf base cuneate to rounded; ["Meso-Caribbean Clade 2"]
Leaf blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, longer than broad; leaf base cuneate to rounded; ["Meso-Caribbean Clade 2"]
Persicaria
Inflorescence branches glandular-pubescent; stamens 5, in 1 whorl; leaves sessile (rarely shortly petiolate), usually cuneate or rounded at the base (rarely slightly cordate)
Inflorescence branches glandular-pubescent; stamens 5, in 1 whorl; leaves sessile (rarely shortly petiolate), usually cuneate or rounded at the base (rarely slightly cordate)
Persicaria
Achenes biconvex; styles 2; leaf base cuneate; ocreae 12-23 mm long, glabrous and sometimes glandular punctate
Achenes biconvex; styles 2; leaf base cuneate; ocreae 12-23 mm long, glabrous and sometimes glandular punctate
Persicaria
Leaf blades cuneate to truncate at the base; stem internodes glabrous or loosely spreading-hirsute near the nodes only
Leaf blades cuneate to truncate at the base; stem internodes glabrous or loosely spreading-hirsute near the nodes only
Rumex
Plants annual or biennial; base of leaf blade cuneate (rarely rounded).
Plants annual or biennial; base of leaf blade cuneate (rarely rounded).
Drosera
Inflorescence stipitate-glandular; basal rosettes 0.8-3.5 cm in diameter; leaf bases cuneate to narrowly cuneate, usually not parallel-sided for any part of their length; stipules absent or obsolete (consisting of a few hair-like segments); seeds black, crateriform
Inflorescence stipitate-glandular; basal rosettes 0.8-3.5 cm in diameter; leaf bases cuneate to narrowly cuneate, usually not parallel-sided for any part of their length; stipules absent or obsolete (consisting of a few hair-like segments); seeds black, crateriform
Stellaria
Leaves sessile, short-petiolate, to long-petiolate (if long petiolate, the blades cuneate), the blades rounded to cuneate at the base; sepals 2.5-11 mm long, broadly acute to acuminate; seeds 0.4-2.0 mm long; stem puberulent to short-pilose (the pubescence in vertical lines or not).
Leaves sessile, short-petiolate, to long-petiolate (if long petiolate, the blades cuneate), the blades rounded to cuneate at the base; sepals 2.5-11 mm long, broadly acute to acuminate; seeds 0.4-2.0 mm long; stem puberulent to short-pilose (the pubescence in vertical lines or not).
Mirabilis
Leaves cuneate at the base, 2.5-6× as long as wide; [native, of dry sandy or calcareous habitats, sometimes disturbed]
Leaves cuneate at the base, 2.5-6× as long as wide; [native, of dry sandy or calcareous habitats, sometimes disturbed]
Primula
Leaves long-cuneate at the base, gradually narrowed to the petiole; seeds mostly angled
Leaves long-cuneate at the base, gradually narrowed to the petiole; seeds mostly angled
Diapensiaceae
Leaves broadly elliptic, generally emarginate (slightly notched) at the apex, coarsely serrate (1-4 teeth per cm), the teeth prominently mucronate, the venation pinnate (with 1 main vein from the rounded, truncate, or shortly cuneate leaf base); flowers solitary; [native to humid gorges along the escarpment between the Mountains and Piedmont, sometimes cultivated and becoming established elsewhere]
Leaves broadly elliptic, generally emarginate (slightly notched) at the apex, coarsely serrate (1-4 teeth per cm), the teeth prominently mucronate, the venation pinnate (with 1 main vein from the rounded, truncate, or shortly cuneate leaf base); flowers solitary; [native to humid gorges along the escarpment between the Mountains and Piedmont, sometimes cultivated and becoming established elsewhere]
Chimaphila
Leaves oblanceolate (broadest above the middle), base cuneate, solid dark green throughout
Leaves oblanceolate (broadest above the middle), base cuneate, solid dark green throughout
Rhododendron
Leaves rounded at base (rarely broadly cuneate or slightly cordate), obtuse at apex; leaf generally 1.5-2.5× as long as wide; corolla usually deep pink to purple; sepals 0.5-1 mm long
Leaves rounded at base (rarely broadly cuneate or slightly cordate), obtuse at apex; leaf generally 1.5-2.5× as long as wide; corolla usually deep pink to purple; sepals 0.5-1 mm long
Rhododendron
Leaves cuneate at base, acute at apex; leaf generally 3-5× as long as wide; corolla usually white to pale pink; sepals 4-6 mm long
Leaves cuneate at base, acute at apex; leaf generally 3-5× as long as wide; corolla usually white to pale pink; sepals 4-6 mm long
Gentianaceae
Corolla lobes alternating with corolla appendages (appearing as plaits or lobes, these often toothed, notched, or lacerate, sometimes as long as or longer than the true corolla lobes); main stem leaves cuneate at the base; perennial; [tribe Gentianeae, subtribe Gentianinae]
Corolla lobes alternating with corolla appendages (appearing as plaits or lobes, these often toothed, notched, or lacerate, sometimes as long as or longer than the true corolla lobes); main stem leaves cuneate at the base; perennial; [tribe Gentianeae, subtribe Gentianinae]
Gentianaceae
Corolla lobes alternating with corolla appendages (appearing as plaits or lobes, these often toothed, notched, or lacerate, sometimes as long as or longer than the true corolla lobes); main stem leaves cuneate at the base; perennial; [tribe Gentianeae, subtribe Gentianinae]
Corolla lobes alternating with corolla appendages (appearing as plaits or lobes, these often toothed, notched, or lacerate, sometimes as long as or longer than the true corolla lobes); main stem leaves cuneate at the base; perennial; [tribe Gentianeae, subtribe Gentianinae]
Sabatia
Leaves thick, succulent when fresh, blackening on drying; corolla lobes 4-10 (-13) mm long; plant diffusely branched from the base; leaf base broadly cuneate, not at all clasping; [se. LA westward]
Leaves thick, succulent when fresh, blackening on drying; corolla lobes 4-10 (-13) mm long; plant diffusely branched from the base; leaf base broadly cuneate, not at all clasping; [se. LA westward]
Mitreola
Leaves 2-8 cm long, petiolate or subsessile and tapering to a cuneate base
Leaves 2-8 cm long, petiolate or subsessile and tapering to a cuneate base
Spigelia
Corolla light pink to white on the outer and inner surfaces; leaves narrowly to broadly cuneate at base, 1.5-5 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide; anthers included in the corolla tube; [of FL, AL, or TX].
Corolla light pink to white on the outer and inner surfaces; leaves narrowly to broadly cuneate at base, 1.5-5 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide; anthers included in the corolla tube; [of FL, AL, or TX].
Apocynaceae
Leaves not cordate at base (cuneate, rounded, or truncate; occasionally hastate or subcordate); leaves ovate, lanceolate, or linear, ca. 1.5-10x as long as wide.
Leaves not cordate at base (cuneate, rounded, or truncate; occasionally hastate or subcordate); leaves ovate, lanceolate, or linear, ca. 1.5-10x as long as wide.
Apocynum
Leaves of the main stem with petioles 5-10 mm long; leaf base cuneate to rounded; [widespread in our area]
Leaves of the main stem with petioles 5-10 mm long; leaf base cuneate to rounded; [widespread in our area]
Asclepias
Leaf base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; leaves widest above the middle or near the midpoint; [s. NH west to OH, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX widespread eastwards]
Leaf base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; leaves widest above the middle or near the midpoint; [s. NH west to OH, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX widespread eastwards]
Asclepias
Leaves cuneate, rounded, or cordate at base; rarely cordate-clasping; 1-6 cm wide, (1-) 1.5-6× as long as wide; stem and leaves pubescent to glabrate (or glabrous in A. meadii); flowers cream, green, or pink-colored (if pink colored then leaves lanceolate and acuminate-tipped).
Leaves cuneate, rounded, or cordate at base; rarely cordate-clasping; 1-6 cm wide, (1-) 1.5-6× as long as wide; stem and leaves pubescent to glabrate (or glabrous in A. meadii); flowers cream, green, or pink-colored (if pink colored then leaves lanceolate and acuminate-tipped).
Cynanchum
Leaves linear, cuneate at the base.
Leaves linear, cuneate at the base.
Vinca
Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, broadest near the middle, rounded to cuneate at the base, 1-2 cm wide, thick in texture and evergreen; leaf margins not ciliate; corollas 2-3 cm across, the tube 9-11 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 cm long
Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, broadest near the middle, rounded to cuneate at the base, 1-2 cm wide, thick in texture and evergreen; leaf margins not ciliate; corollas 2-3 cm across, the tube 9-11 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 cm long
Vinca
Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, broadest near the middle, rounded to cuneate at the base, 1-2 cm wide, thick in texture and evergreen; leaf margins not ciliate; corollas 2-3 cm across, the tube 9-11 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 cm long
Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, broadest near the middle, rounded to cuneate at the base, 1-2 cm wide, thick in texture and evergreen; leaf margins not ciliate; corollas 2-3 cm across, the tube 9-11 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 cm long
Phacelia
Pubescence of the middle stem (from 2nd to 5th node from the base) consisting of appressed to ascending, stiff, pointed hairs, sometimes also with a few gland-tipped hairs < 2 mm long; terminal leaflet of leaves directly subtending an inflorescence with acute to cuneate bases; flowers medium blue; [of rivers in the Atlantic drainage, also west of the Appalachians in rivers of the Mississippi drainage]
Pubescence of the middle stem (from 2nd to 5th node from the base) consisting of appressed to ascending, stiff, pointed hairs, sometimes also with a few gland-tipped hairs < 2 mm long; terminal leaflet of leaves directly subtending an inflorescence with acute to cuneate bases; flowers medium blue; [of rivers in the Atlantic drainage, also west of the Appalachians in rivers of the Mississippi drainage]
Convolvulaceae
Styles 2, free or only fused basally; leaves cuneate or rounded at the base, and narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear in outline; [tribe Cresseae].
Styles 2, free or only fused basally; leaves cuneate or rounded at the base, and narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear in outline; [tribe Cresseae].
Ipomoea
Leaf bases cordate (or rarely cuneate or truncate in some species).
Leaf bases cordate (or rarely cuneate or truncate in some species).
Oleaceae
Leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; fruit a drupe; corolla lobes either shorter or longer than the tube; flowers white or greenish-white, in terminal or lateral panicles or fascicles.
Leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; fruit a drupe; corolla lobes either shorter or longer than the tube; flowers white or greenish-white, in terminal or lateral panicles or fascicles.
Chelone
Petioles 0-15 mm long; leaf blade cuneate at the base; staminodium white or green; leaf blades averaging 3× (or more) as long as wide, 1-6 cm wide; corolla purple or white; inflorescence bracts 4-23 mm long.
Petioles 0-15 mm long; leaf blade cuneate at the base; staminodium white or green; leaf blades averaging 3× (or more) as long as wide, 1-6 cm wide; corolla purple or white; inflorescence bracts 4-23 mm long.
Gratiola
Leaves cuneate at the base; annual; [section Nibora].
Leaves cuneate at the base; annual; [section Nibora].
Veronica
Leaves cuneate at the base; leaves widest at the middle or beyond; pedicels shorter than the subtending bracts; [subgenus Veronica]
Leaves cuneate at the base; leaves widest at the middle or beyond; pedicels shorter than the subtending bracts; [subgenus Veronica]
Linderniaceae
Leaves elliptic, cuneate at the base; calyx lobes uneven, 3 of the sinuses extending about halfway to the base of the calyx, the lowermost sinus extending to the base
Leaves elliptic, cuneate at the base; calyx lobes uneven, 3 of the sinuses extending about halfway to the base of the calyx, the lowermost sinus extending to the base
Acanthaceae
Plant an herb; leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; flowers white to various shades of blue or pink.
Plant an herb; leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; flowers white to various shades of blue or pink.
Verbena
Stem leaves sessile or subsessile, cuneate to base.
Stem leaves sessile or subsessile, cuneate to base.
Scutellaria
Corolla short pilose, lower lip with blue spots or lines on the white central band; leaf bases cuneate to deltoid.
Corolla short pilose, lower lip with blue spots or lines on the white central band; leaf bases cuneate to deltoid.
Stachys
Leaves cuneate at base, acute to acuminate at tip; corolla 10-16 mm long (well exceeding the calyx); corolla mostly white, the lower lip yellow; upper corolla lip erect, the galea margin erose/crisped
Leaves cuneate at base, acute to acuminate at tip; corolla 10-16 mm long (well exceeding the calyx); corolla mostly white, the lower lip yellow; upper corolla lip erect, the galea margin erose/crisped
Hyptis
Flowers borne in large, globose heads, 1.5-2.5 cm across, borne on peduncles 2-6 cm long; leaves narrowed to a narrowly cuneate, subpetiolar base; corolla primarily white-colored.
Flowers borne in large, globose heads, 1.5-2.5 cm across, borne on peduncles 2-6 cm long; leaves narrowed to a narrowly cuneate, subpetiolar base; corolla primarily white-colored.
Hyptis
Flowers borne in spikes (these sometimes variously branched and paniculiform, but never condensed into globose heads); leaves narrowed to a cuneate base or with a well-developed petiole and truncate; corolla primarily pink, purple, or white colored.
Flowers borne in spikes (these sometimes variously branched and paniculiform, but never condensed into globose heads); leaves narrowed to a cuneate base or with a well-developed petiole and truncate; corolla primarily pink, purple, or white colored.
Mentha
Leaves subtending the inflorescence mostly cuneate at the base; leaves of the inflorescence relatively broad; [native, though often in weedy situations]
Leaves subtending the inflorescence mostly cuneate at the base; leaves of the inflorescence relatively broad; [native, though often in weedy situations]
Mentha
Leaves generally 1-3× as long as wide, ovate to oblong, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, acute at the apex; leaf serrations sharp; leaf surface moderately rugose; fresh plant with spearmint odor.
Leaves generally 1-3× as long as wide, ovate to oblong, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, acute at the apex; leaf serrations sharp; leaf surface moderately rugose; fresh plant with spearmint odor.
Monarda
Flowers in 2-6 glomerules, terminal and at 2-5 successive nodes down the stem; stamens included; leaves linear, lanceolate, to narrowly elliptic, usually broadest near the middle and tapered to a cuneate base, (2.5-) 3-8× (or more) as long as wide.
Flowers in 2-6 glomerules, terminal and at 2-5 successive nodes down the stem; stamens included; leaves linear, lanceolate, to narrowly elliptic, usually broadest near the middle and tapered to a cuneate base, (2.5-) 3-8× (or more) as long as wide.
Prunella
Principal or median cauline leaves lanceolate to oblong, (2-) avg. 3 (-5)× as long as wide; leaf cuneate at the base
Principal or median cauline leaves lanceolate to oblong, (2-) avg. 3 (-5)× as long as wide; leaf cuneate at the base
Salvia
Leaves rhombic-ovate (ovate-lanceolate in the waif S. hispanica), the bases cordate, subcordate, truncate, or broadly cuneate.
Leaves rhombic-ovate (ovate-lanceolate in the waif S. hispanica), the bases cordate, subcordate, truncate, or broadly cuneate.
Salvia
Leaves lanceolate, linear, or narrowly elliptic, the bases cuneate to attenuate.
Leaves lanceolate, linear, or narrowly elliptic, the bases cuneate to attenuate.
Ilex
Leaves 6-16 cm long (the largest, at least, > 8 cm long), narrowly to broadly ovate, the base usually cuneate, the apex long acuminate to attenuate, the marginal teeth rather coarse; petioles of mature leaves usually > 1 cm long; fruits 9-12 mm in diameter; plant a shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; [of the Mountains and upper Piedmont]
Leaves 6-16 cm long (the largest, at least, > 8 cm long), narrowly to broadly ovate, the base usually cuneate, the apex long acuminate to attenuate, the marginal teeth rather coarse; petioles of mature leaves usually > 1 cm long; fruits 9-12 mm in diameter; plant a shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; [of the Mountains and upper Piedmont]
Ageratina
Phyllaries mostly 3-5 mm long, acute (to obtuse); heads with (9-) 12-25 flowers; leaves deltoid to ovate (the base generally broadly cuneate); heads arranged in open corymbs; [widespread in our region]
Phyllaries mostly 3-5 mm long, acute (to obtuse); heads with (9-) 12-25 flowers; leaves deltoid to ovate (the base generally broadly cuneate); heads arranged in open corymbs; [widespread in our region]
Arnoglossum
Larger leaves parallel-veined (the primary veins parallel and converging toward the leaf apex), lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire to remotely toothed (usually fewer than 10 teeth per leaf).
Larger leaves parallel-veined (the primary veins parallel and converging toward the leaf apex), lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire to remotely toothed (usually fewer than 10 teeth per leaf).
Arnoglossum
Basal and low-cauline leaves cuneate at the base; larger leaves entire, crenate, sinuate, but not lobed or hastate; corolla creamy yellow (or greenish or tinged with pink).
Basal and low-cauline leaves cuneate at the base; larger leaves entire, crenate, sinuate, but not lobed or hastate; corolla creamy yellow (or greenish or tinged with pink).
Arnoglossum
Involucres (8-) 9.5-10 (-12) mm high; corollas 6-8 (-9.5) mm long; leaves usually with 3-5 main parallel veins; mid-stem leaves sessile, with broadly cuneate bases
Involucres (8-) 9.5-10 (-12) mm high; corollas 6-8 (-9.5) mm long; leaves usually with 3-5 main parallel veins; mid-stem leaves sessile, with broadly cuneate bases
Brickellia
Leaves cuneate at base; lower stem leaf blades 2-8× as long as wide; petioles 0-10 mm long; flowers 6-35 per head; [collectively widespread in our region].
Leaves cuneate at base; lower stem leaf blades 2-8× as long as wide; petioles 0-10 mm long; flowers 6-35 per head; [collectively widespread in our region].
Chromolaena
Leaf base cuneate; leaf blade lanceolate; petiole 0-1 (-3) mm long; [more widespread in our region, especially along the Gulf Coastal Plain]
Leaf base cuneate; leaf blade lanceolate; petiole 0-1 (-3) mm long; [more widespread in our region, especially along the Gulf Coastal Plain]
Chromolaena
Leaf base broadly cuneate, rounded, truncate, or subcordate; leaf blades (at least the larger) triangular; petiole 5-20 mm long; [FL peninsula and TX coastal areas].
Leaf base broadly cuneate, rounded, truncate, or subcordate; leaf blades (at least the larger) triangular; petiole 5-20 mm long; [FL peninsula and TX coastal areas].
Chrysopsis
Mid-stem leaves obovate or oblanceolate (widest above the midpoint), their bases cuneate or slightly clasping; longest marginal cilia of the leaves rarely > 1 mm long; leaf blades appressed-tomentose, sparsely stipitate-glandular (these largely hidden by the non-glandular hairs)
Mid-stem leaves obovate or oblanceolate (widest above the midpoint), their bases cuneate or slightly clasping; longest marginal cilia of the leaves rarely > 1 mm long; leaf blades appressed-tomentose, sparsely stipitate-glandular (these largely hidden by the non-glandular hairs)
Echinacea
Leaves lanceolate to linear, the larger (basal) leaves 1-3 (-4) cm wide and cuneate to attenuate at the base.
Leaves lanceolate to linear, the larger (basal) leaves 1-3 (-4) cm wide and cuneate to attenuate at the base.
Eupatorium
Leaf bases tapering to a cuneate base
Leaf bases tapering to a cuneate base
Eupatorium
Leaf bases broadly cuneate, truncate, or subcordate, the leaves generally distinctly broadest near the base.
Leaf bases broadly cuneate, truncate, or subcordate, the leaves generally distinctly broadest near the base.
Eupatorium
Leaf base cuneate, broadly cuneate, rounded, or cordate (but not clasping); leaves densely to sparsely pubescent; larger leaves usually 2-6 cm long; principal pair of lateral veins diverging at the base or 2-10 mm above the base of the leaf; toothing of leaf regular and relatively fine.
Leaf base cuneate, broadly cuneate, rounded, or cordate (but not clasping); leaves densely to sparsely pubescent; larger leaves usually 2-6 cm long; principal pair of lateral veins diverging at the base or 2-10 mm above the base of the leaf; toothing of leaf regular and relatively fine.
Eupatorium
Leaves broadly cuneate to broadly rounded, thin in texture, the pubescence rather soft and long (and also often sparse), the leaf blade not twisted at base, borne in a horizontal plane, up to 10 cm long and 6.5 cm wide; axillary fascicles lacking
Leaves broadly cuneate to broadly rounded, thin in texture, the pubescence rather soft and long (and also often sparse), the leaf blade not twisted at base, borne in a horizontal plane, up to 10 cm long and 6.5 cm wide; axillary fascicles lacking
Eupatorium
Leaves cuneate to broadly cuneate, firm in texture, the pubescence rather harsh and short, the leaf blade twisted at the base, thus borne in a partially or fully vertical plane, up to 5.5 cm long and 3 cm wide; axillary fascicles regularly present
Leaves cuneate to broadly cuneate, firm in texture, the pubescence rather harsh and short, the leaf blade twisted at the base, thus borne in a partially or fully vertical plane, up to 5.5 cm long and 3 cm wide; axillary fascicles regularly present
Eupatorium
Leaf bases narrowly cuneate, the leaves generally broadest near the middle or toward the tip.
Leaf bases narrowly cuneate, the leaves generally broadest near the middle or toward the tip.
Helianthus
Leaves lanceolate, 5-10 cm long, 0.2-1.0 cm wide, entire or nearly so, the base cuneate; disc corollas 2.8-3.5 mm long; stems 4-10 dm tall; [section Porteri]
Leaves lanceolate, 5-10 cm long, 0.2-1.0 cm wide, entire or nearly so, the base cuneate; disc corollas 2.8-3.5 mm long; stems 4-10 dm tall; [section Porteri]
Helianthus
Leaves cuneate, gradually narrowing to base, sessile to petiolate.
Leaves cuneate, gradually narrowing to base, sessile to petiolate.
Heterotheca
Ray flowers with pappus; perennial, from creeping rhizomes; upper and lower leaves cuneate to a sessile base; fruits developing from the ray florets 2-angled (flattened), moderately to densely hairy.
Ray flowers with pappus; perennial, from creeping rhizomes; upper and lower leaves cuneate to a sessile base; fruits developing from the ray florets 2-angled (flattened), moderately to densely hairy.
Packera
Plant an annual (rarely a biennial) from a fibrous root system or a taproot; leaves with lateral lobes either broadly rounded (and toothed) apically and broadly triangular-cuneate or rounded at the base, or parallel-sided in their lower half and 3-5-lobed apically, the lateral lobes resembling the terminal lobe in shape and usually size; [of wet soil of swamps and wet fields]
Plant an annual (rarely a biennial) from a fibrous root system or a taproot; leaves with lateral lobes either broadly rounded (and toothed) apically and broadly triangular-cuneate or rounded at the base, or parallel-sided in their lower half and 3-5-lobed apically, the lateral lobes resembling the terminal lobe in shape and usually size; [of wet soil of swamps and wet fields]
Packera
Basal leaves cuneate at the base, with leaf tissue often somewhat decurrent along upper petiole or petiole winged throughout; leaf blades oblong, elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spathulate, 1.5-8× longer than broad.
Basal leaves cuneate at the base, with leaf tissue often somewhat decurrent along upper petiole or petiole winged throughout; leaf blades oblong, elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spathulate, 1.5-8× longer than broad.
Pluchea
Leaves petiolate or narrowly cuneate at the base; [section Pluchea].
Leaves petiolate or narrowly cuneate at the base; [section Pluchea].
Rudbeckia
Basal leaves with bases cuneate to broadly cuneate or rounded; upper stem leaves similar in size to the lower stem leaves.
Basal leaves with bases cuneate to broadly cuneate or rounded; upper stem leaves similar in size to the lower stem leaves.
Solidago
Leaves (2.2-) 2.5-3 (-3.5)× as long as wide, cuneate to a sessile base; teeth of the leaf margins not notably elongate and narrow, mostly 1-2 (-3) mm long (as measured on the upper side of the tooth), but sometimes longer and more like S. flexicaulis
Leaves (2.2-) 2.5-3 (-3.5)× as long as wide, cuneate to a sessile base; teeth of the leaf margins not notably elongate and narrow, mostly 1-2 (-3) mm long (as measured on the upper side of the tooth), but sometimes longer and more like S. flexicaulis
Symphyotrichum
Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.
Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.
Symphyotrichum
Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.
Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (often cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.
Symphyotrichum
Midstem leaves <3cm long, bases rounded to cuneate (sometimes subclasping); leaves and bracts silvery-sericeous (glabrous in S. concolor var. devestitum); leaves held erect-ascending, lower often twisted by 90 degrees to bring edge in line with stem; plants not stipitate-glandular; [section Virgulus].
Midstem leaves <3cm long, bases rounded to cuneate (sometimes subclasping); leaves and bracts silvery-sericeous (glabrous in S. concolor var. devestitum); leaves held erect-ascending, lower often twisted by 90 degrees to bring edge in line with stem; plants not stipitate-glandular; [section Virgulus].
Symphyotrichum
Midstem leaves >3cm, bases strongly cordate- or auriculate-clasping or subclasping to cuneate; leaves and bracts scabrous, strigoso-scabrous, or hirtellous; main stem leaves spreading or lax, not twisted; plants stipitate-glandular in arrays (glands sparse in S. fontinale and S. estesii; sometimes absent in S. patens).
Midstem leaves >3cm, bases strongly cordate- or auriculate-clasping or subclasping to cuneate; leaves and bracts scabrous, strigoso-scabrous, or hirtellous; main stem leaves spreading or lax, not twisted; plants stipitate-glandular in arrays (glands sparse in S. fontinale and S. estesii; sometimes absent in S. patens).
Viburnum
Leaf bases cuneate, truncate, or occasionally subcordate; [plants of various substrates].
Leaf bases cuneate, truncate, or occasionally subcordate; [plants of various substrates].
Apiaceae
Inflorescence a head, with > 20 flowers; leaves cuneate to truncate at the base, sessile to short petiolate, the petioles < 1× as long as the leaf (except E. prostratum)
Inflorescence a head, with > 20 flowers; leaves cuneate to truncate at the base, sessile to short petiolate, the petioles < 1× as long as the leaf (except E. prostratum)
Apiaceae
Rays 16-25; leaves somewhat coriaceous; leaflet bases often cuneate or obliquely truncate; [plants of dry habitats]
Rays 16-25; leaves somewhat coriaceous; leaflet bases often cuneate or obliquely truncate; [plants of dry habitats]
Apiaceae
Rays 3-5; leaves thin in texture; leaflet bases rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate; [plants of moist forests]
Rays 3-5; leaves thin in texture; leaflet bases rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate; [plants of moist forests]
Apiaceae
Fruits 4-6 mm long, hispid across the surfaces; rays 16-25; leaves somewhat coriaceous; leaflet bases often cuneate or obliquely truncate; [plants of dry habitats]
Fruits 4-6 mm long, hispid across the surfaces; rays 16-25; leaves somewhat coriaceous; leaflet bases often cuneate or obliquely truncate; [plants of dry habitats]
Apiaceae
Fruits 18-24 mm long, oblanceolate or linear, appressed-pubescent on the ribs; rays 3-5; leaves thin in texture; leaflet bases rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate; [plants of moist forests]
Fruits 18-24 mm long, oblanceolate or linear, appressed-pubescent on the ribs; rays 3-5; leaves thin in texture; leaflet bases rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate; [plants of moist forests]
Plantae
Leaf blades 0.3-15 cm long, cuneate at the base, acute to rounded or obtuse at the tip, not proliferous; sporangia solitary in a marginal pocket on the leaf; leaf texture very thin; rhizome creeping on the surface of rock or bark, either 0.1-0.3 or 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter, the leaves scattered along it
Leaf blades 0.3-15 cm long, cuneate at the base, acute to rounded or obtuse at the tip, not proliferous; sporangia solitary in a marginal pocket on the leaf; leaf texture very thin; rhizome creeping on the surface of rock or bark, either 0.1-0.3 or 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter, the leaves scattered along it
Plantae
Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, sessile, pale green; plants floating because of “unwettable” leaf surfaces
Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, sessile, pale green; plants floating because of “unwettable” leaf surfaces
Plantae
Leaves not peltate, the petiole attached at a cuneate, cordate, or sagittate base.
Leaves not peltate, the petiole attached at a cuneate, cordate, or sagittate base.
Plantae
Leaf blades cuneate, rounded, or truncate at the base.
Leaf blades cuneate, rounded, or truncate at the base.
Plantae
Floating or emersed leaves cuneate to rounded at base.
Floating or emersed leaves cuneate to rounded at base.
Plantae
Leaflet bases cuneate to rounded, unlobed (sometimes cleft), but lacking 2 rounded, lateral lobes at their bases; fruit either a drupe (Eleutherococcus), berry (Triphasia), OR a hip or aggregate of drupelets (ROSACEAE); corolla variously colored.
Leaflet bases cuneate to rounded, unlobed (sometimes cleft), but lacking 2 rounded, lateral lobes at their bases; fruit either a drupe (Eleutherococcus), berry (Triphasia), OR a hip or aggregate of drupelets (ROSACEAE); corolla variously colored.
Plantae
Plants climbing by twining, or by growing through bark layers of Taxodium ascendens or Chamaecyparis thyoides; leaf base cuneate, rounded, or cordate.
Plants climbing by twining, or by growing through bark layers of Taxodium ascendens or Chamaecyparis thyoides; leaf base cuneate, rounded, or cordate.
Plantae
Leaves cuneate, rounded, or subcordate at the base, 0.3-8 cm wide.
Leaves cuneate, rounded, or subcordate at the base, 0.3-8 cm wide.
Plantae
Leaves elliptic or ovate, obviously longer than broad, most leaves > 1.4× as long as wide; leaf blade base narrowly cuneate, broadly cuneate, rounded, or subcordate.
Leaves elliptic or ovate, obviously longer than broad, most leaves > 1.4× as long as wide; leaf blade base narrowly cuneate, broadly cuneate, rounded, or subcordate.
Plantae
Leaves 3-8 cm long, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base and rounded or obtuse at the apex; lateral leaf veins straight, parallel, not forking; inflorescence a terminal thyrse or panicle
Leaves 3-8 cm long, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base and rounded or obtuse at the apex; lateral leaf veins straight, parallel, not forking; inflorescence a terminal thyrse or panicle
Plantae
Leaves 6-15 cm long, cuneate at the base and acuminate at the apex; lateral leaf veins forking at or beyond the middle; inflorescence a solitary, axillary flower
Leaves 6-15 cm long, cuneate at the base and acuminate at the apex; lateral leaf veins forking at or beyond the middle; inflorescence a solitary, axillary flower
Plantae
Leaves orbicular to very widely ovate or reniform, most leaves < 1.4× as long as wide; leaf blade base deeply cordate, subcordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate
Leaves orbicular to very widely ovate or reniform, most leaves < 1.4× as long as wide; leaf blade base deeply cordate, subcordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate
Plantae
Leaf venation palmate, with (3-) 5-9 primary veins from the marginal or peltate point of attachment of the petiole, these primary veins then rebranching well above the leaf base; basalmost pair of primary veins completely included within leaf tissue; leaf blade base cordate, subcordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate; leaf with a tendency to lobing, the leaf outline with 1 or more concave areas between the base and the apex (except Cissampelos of s. FL)
Leaf venation palmate, with (3-) 5-9 primary veins from the marginal or peltate point of attachment of the petiole, these primary veins then rebranching well above the leaf base; basalmost pair of primary veins completely included within leaf tissue; leaf blade base cordate, subcordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate; leaf with a tendency to lobing, the leaf outline with 1 or more concave areas between the base and the apex (except Cissampelos of s. FL)
Plantae
Leaves crenulate, serrate or serrulate, with >2 teeth per cm of leaf margin; leaves cuneate, rounded, or subcordate at base, not oblique; pubescence of leaves and stems absent or simple.
Leaves crenulate, serrate or serrulate, with >2 teeth per cm of leaf margin; leaves cuneate, rounded, or subcordate at base, not oblique; pubescence of leaves and stems absent or simple.
Plantae
Leaf base cuneate, rounded, truncate, subcordate, or auriculate (with 2 small “earlobe-like” lobes at the base of the leaf blade), with 1 (mid) vein from the base (3 veins from the base in Celtis in CANNABACEAE); leaf blade about as wide as long, or somewhat to much longer, 0.9-10× as long as wide.
Leaf base cuneate, rounded, truncate, subcordate, or auriculate (with 2 small “earlobe-like” lobes at the base of the leaf blade), with 1 (mid) vein from the base (3 veins from the base in Celtis in CANNABACEAE); leaf blade about as wide as long, or somewhat to much longer, 0.9-10× as long as wide.
Plantae
Petioles < 1 cm long; leaves various in shape, often acuminate at the apex and/or cuneate at the base, often with some tendency to toothing; hairs on foliage stellate (use at least 10× magnification), at least in part; fruit either a nut borne in a cup (acorn) or a dry, subglobose 3-valved capsule, with 1 seed.
Petioles < 1 cm long; leaves various in shape, often acuminate at the apex and/or cuneate at the base, often with some tendency to toothing; hairs on foliage stellate (use at least 10× magnification), at least in part; fruit either a nut borne in a cup (acorn) or a dry, subglobose 3-valved capsule, with 1 seed.
Plantae
Flowers axillary, < 2 cm across, brown or maroon; perianth 3-merous, whorled; fresh foliage with a strong musky odor; fruit a fleshy berry; leaves cuneate at the base; twigs lacking circumferential stipule scars at each node
Flowers axillary, < 2 cm across, brown or maroon; perianth 3-merous, whorled; fresh foliage with a strong musky odor; fruit a fleshy berry; leaves cuneate at the base; twigs lacking circumferential stipule scars at each node
Plantae
Flowers terminal, > 4 cm across, white, pale yellow, or pink; perianth many-merous, spiraled; fresh foliage not noticeably aromatic; fruit an aggregate of follicles; leaves cuneate or auriculate at the base; twigs with circumferential stipule scars at each node
Flowers terminal, > 4 cm across, white, pale yellow, or pink; perianth many-merous, spiraled; fresh foliage not noticeably aromatic; fruit an aggregate of follicles; leaves cuneate or auriculate at the base; twigs with circumferential stipule scars at each node
Plantae
Leaves pinnately veined; leaf blade base cordate, subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate base, not oblique.
Leaves pinnately veined; leaf blade base cordate, subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate base, not oblique.
Plantae
Leaves cuneate to rounded at base; leaves > 1.5× as long as wide; shrub to small tree.
Leaves cuneate to rounded at base; leaves > 1.5× as long as wide; shrub to small tree.
Plantae
Leaves 1-12 cm wide, cuneate to rounded at the base; flowers 4-6-merous, radially symmetrical, small to medium (< 25 mm long), the petals either connate into a tube or separate and clawed; fruit a drupe or capsule.
Leaves 1-12 cm wide, cuneate to rounded at the base; flowers 4-6-merous, radially symmetrical, small to medium (< 25 mm long), the petals either connate into a tube or separate and clawed; fruit a drupe or capsule.
Plantae
Leaves broadly elliptic, light green on both surfaces, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base, rounded and often retuse at the tip; petiole with 2 prominent salt-excreting glands; plants with neither prop-roots from the trunk and branches, nor pneumatophores from the roots
Leaves broadly elliptic, light green on both surfaces, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base, rounded and often retuse at the tip; petiole with 2 prominent salt-excreting glands; plants with neither prop-roots from the trunk and branches, nor pneumatophores from the roots
Plantae
Leaves narrowly elliptic, dark green above, cuneate at the base, acute to obtuse at the tip; petiole without salt glands; plants with either prop-roots from the trunk and branches, or pneumatophores from the roots.
Leaves narrowly elliptic, dark green above, cuneate at the base, acute to obtuse at the tip; petiole without salt glands; plants with either prop-roots from the trunk and branches, or pneumatophores from the roots.
Plantae
Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, > 4× as long as wide, cuneate at the base; flowers bisexual and plants hermaphroditic
Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, > 4× as long as wide, cuneate at the base; flowers bisexual and plants hermaphroditic
Plantae
Basal leaves petiolate or not, with a truncate, rounded, or cuneate leaf base.
Basal leaves petiolate or not, with a truncate, rounded, or cuneate leaf base.
Plantae
Leaf bases cuneate (or strongly oblique in Begonia, with one leaf base usually being cuneate, the other variously rounded or cordate).
Leaf bases cuneate (or strongly oblique in Begonia, with one leaf base usually being cuneate, the other variously rounded or cordate).
Plantae
Leaf base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; calyx of 3-4-5 distinct sepals, radially symmetrical, white or yellow; fruit a dry, nutlike drupe or an achene.
Leaf base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; calyx of 3-4-5 distinct sepals, radially symmetrical, white or yellow; fruit a dry, nutlike drupe or an achene.
Plantae
Sepals present, 4 or 5; petaloid, white; carpels 1 to many (-12); stamens 4 to many (-25); fruit a berry or an apically 2-lobed achene (as in Petiveria); leaf bases cuneate or rounded (but not cordate); [Eudicots].
Sepals present, 4 or 5; petaloid, white; carpels 1 to many (-12); stamens 4 to many (-25); fruit a berry or an apically 2-lobed achene (as in Petiveria); leaf bases cuneate or rounded (but not cordate); [Eudicots].
Plantae
Leaves cuneate at the base; flowers in a diffuse inflorescence
Leaves cuneate at the base; flowers in a diffuse inflorescence
Plantae
Leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; plant an erect, sprawling, or reclining herb (twining in Solanum dulcamara in SOLANACEAE).
Leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; plant an erect, sprawling, or reclining herb (twining in Solanum dulcamara in SOLANACEAE).
Elatine
Capsules 3-locular; petals 3 or 0; leaf base attenuate to cuneate (rarely rounded in E. brachysperma).
Capsules 3-locular; petals 3 or 0; leaf base attenuate to cuneate (rarely rounded in E. brachysperma).
Ruellia
Leaf base broadly cuneate; midvein and main secondary veins not impressed into the surface from above; inflorescence panicle-like or corymb-like, diffuse because of elongate peduncles and repeated branching of cymose units; [native, of AL westwards].
Leaf base broadly cuneate; midvein and main secondary veins not impressed into the surface from above; inflorescence panicle-like or corymb-like, diffuse because of elongate peduncles and repeated branching of cymose units; [native, of AL westwards].
Salvia
Leaves with cuneate bases extending into a winged petiole; plants typically with both terminal and axillary inflorescences; corolla 7-12 mm long; flowering Aug-Oct
Leaves with cuneate bases extending into a winged petiole; plants typically with both terminal and axillary inflorescences; corolla 7-12 mm long; flowering Aug-Oct
Aristolochiaceae
Leaf bases cuneate; gynoecium and androecium 5-merous
Aristolochiaceae
Leaf bases cuneate; gynoecium and androecium 5-merous
Aristolochia
Leaf bases cuneate; gynoecium and androecium 5-merous
Aristolochia
Leaf bases cuneate; gynoecium and androecium 5-merous
Tricerma
Leaves cuneate at base; erect to spreading shrub or tree, 1-7 m tall
Leaves cuneate at base; erect to spreading shrub or tree, 1-7 m tall
Asplenium
Leaf blade cuneate at base; [of FL southwards]; [III. Neottopteris clade]
Leaf blade cuneate at base; [of FL southwards]; [III. Neottopteris clade]
Liriodendron
Fruiting axis ("lance") (34-) avg. 38 (-42) mm long; stamen apex acute to apiculate; tree producing pencil-like pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to medium, 4-lobed, the terminal lobes obtuse, broadly rounded to acuminate, though when acuminate the ultimate tip minutely blunt, the base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; [peninsular FL]
Fruiting axis ("lance") (34-) avg. 38 (-42) mm long; stamen apex acute to apiculate; tree producing pencil-like pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to medium, 4-lobed, the terminal lobes obtuse, broadly rounded to acuminate, though when acuminate the ultimate tip minutely blunt, the base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; [peninsular FL]
Liriodendron
Fruiting axis ("lance") (42-) avg. 44-53 (-60) mm long (see below); stamen apex rounded, truncate, or retuse; tree never producing pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to large (see below), 0-8-lobed, the terminal lobes (acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; [collectively widespread].
Fruiting axis ("lance") (42-) avg. 44-53 (-60) mm long (see below); stamen apex rounded, truncate, or retuse; tree never producing pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to large (see below), 0-8-lobed, the terminal lobes (acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; [collectively widespread].
Liriodendron
Fruiting axis ("lance") (42-) avg. 44-53 (-60) mm long (see below); stamen apex rounded, truncate, or retuse; tree never producing pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to large (see below), 0-8-lobed, the terminal lobes (acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; [collectively widespread].
Fruiting axis ("lance") (42-) avg. 44-53 (-60) mm long (see below); stamen apex rounded, truncate, or retuse; tree never producing pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to large (see below), 0-8-lobed, the terminal lobes (acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; [collectively widespread].
Liriodendron
Fruiting axis ("lance") (42-) avg. 44-53 (-60) mm long (see below); stamen apex rounded, truncate, or retuse; tree never producing pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to large (see below), 0-8-lobed, the terminal lobes (acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; [collectively widespread].
Fruiting axis ("lance") (42-) avg. 44-53 (-60) mm long (see below); stamen apex rounded, truncate, or retuse; tree never producing pneumatophores; mature leaves of fertile branches small to large (see below), 0-8-lobed, the terminal lobes (acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; [collectively widespread].
Liriodendron
Mature leaves of fertile branches larger, 4-8-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; fully-developed tepals 4.5-5+ cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {usually > 6} cm long at maturity; stamens mostly > 30; [of the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain (in the Coastal Plain, especially along brownwater rivers and on mesic bluffs and slopes)]
Mature leaves of fertile branches larger, 4-8-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; fully-developed tepals 4.5-5+ cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {usually > 6} cm long at maturity; stamens mostly > 30; [of the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain (in the Coastal Plain, especially along brownwater rivers and on mesic bluffs and slopes)]
Liriodendron
Mature leaves of fertile branches larger, 4-8-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; fully-developed tepals 4.5-5+ cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {usually > 6} cm long at maturity; stamens mostly > 30; [of the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain (in the Coastal Plain, especially along brownwater rivers and on mesic bluffs and slopes)]
Mature leaves of fertile branches larger, 4-8-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; fully-developed tepals 4.5-5+ cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {usually > 6} cm long at maturity; stamens mostly > 30; [of the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain (in the Coastal Plain, especially along brownwater rivers and on mesic bluffs and slopes)]
Liriodendron
Mature leaves of fertile branches larger, 4-8-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; fully-developed tepals 4.5-5+ cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {usually > 6} cm long at maturity; stamens mostly > 30; [of the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain (in the Coastal Plain, especially along brownwater rivers and on mesic bluffs and slopes)]
Mature leaves of fertile branches larger, 4-8-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes acute to acuminate, and often terminating in an apiculum, the base cordate to broadly cuneate; fully-developed tepals 4.5-5+ cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {usually > 6} cm long at maturity; stamens mostly > 30; [of the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain (in the Coastal Plain, especially along brownwater rivers and on mesic bluffs and slopes)]
Liriodendron
Mature leaves of fertile branches smaller, 0-4-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes obtuse, broadly rounded to acuminate, though when acuminate the ultimate tip minutely blunt, the base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; fully-developed tepals 3.0-4.0 cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {< 6} cm long at maturity; stamens < 32; [of the Coastal Plain, especially fire-maintained, wetland, acidic, saturated, peaty/sandy sites]
Mature leaves of fertile branches smaller, 0-4-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes obtuse, broadly rounded to acuminate, though when acuminate the ultimate tip minutely blunt, the base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; fully-developed tepals 3.0-4.0 cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {< 6} cm long at maturity; stamens < 32; [of the Coastal Plain, especially fire-maintained, wetland, acidic, saturated, peaty/sandy sites]
Liriodendron
Mature leaves of fertile branches smaller, 0-4-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes obtuse, broadly rounded to acuminate, though when acuminate the ultimate tip minutely blunt, the base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; fully-developed tepals 3.0-4.0 cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {< 6} cm long at maturity; stamens < 32; [of the Coastal Plain, especially fire-maintained, wetland, acidic, saturated, peaty/sandy sites]
Mature leaves of fertile branches smaller, 0-4-lobed (sun leaves), the terminal lobes obtuse, broadly rounded to acuminate, though when acuminate the ultimate tip minutely blunt, the base cuneate, rounded, or truncate; fully-developed tepals 3.0-4.0 cm long; aggregate fruit (samaracetum) {< 6} cm long at maturity; stamens < 32; [of the Coastal Plain, especially fire-maintained, wetland, acidic, saturated, peaty/sandy sites]
Persicaria
Leaves rhombic, bases cuneate, apices acute, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, purple blotch absent or faint, marginal bristles 0.1-0.3 mm long; inflorescences dense, fascicles congested (interrupted basally); pedicels included; proximal bracteole bristles surpassing the adjacent flowers; tepals dark pink, closed at anthesis; achenes < 2 mm long
Leaves rhombic, bases cuneate, apices acute, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, purple blotch absent or faint, marginal bristles 0.1-0.3 mm long; inflorescences dense, fascicles congested (interrupted basally); pedicels included; proximal bracteole bristles surpassing the adjacent flowers; tepals dark pink, closed at anthesis; achenes < 2 mm long
Persicaria
Leaves elliptic, bases rounded and abruptly cuneate to the petiole, apices caudate, adaxial and abaxial surfaces strigose, purple lunate blotch conspicuous and present at maturity, marginal bristles 0.5 mm long; inflorescences lax, fascicles remote; pedicels exserted; proximal bracteole bristles scarcely reaching the base of the tepals; tepals pale pink to white, open at anthesis; achenes > 2 mm long
Leaves elliptic, bases rounded and abruptly cuneate to the petiole, apices caudate, adaxial and abaxial surfaces strigose, purple lunate blotch conspicuous and present at maturity, marginal bristles 0.5 mm long; inflorescences lax, fascicles remote; pedicels exserted; proximal bracteole bristles scarcely reaching the base of the tepals; tepals pale pink to white, open at anthesis; achenes > 2 mm long
Xanthium
Leaf axil with a 1-3 cm long, yellow, 3-forked spine; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, mostly 2-5× as long as wide, cuneate at the base; burs bearing 0-1 apical beak (if 2, then unequal); [section Acanthoxanthium].
Leaf axil with a 1-3 cm long, yellow, 3-forked spine; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, mostly 2-5× as long as wide, cuneate at the base; burs bearing 0-1 apical beak (if 2, then unequal); [section Acanthoxanthium].
Xanthium
Leaf axil lacking a spine; leaf blades orbicular or broadly ovate, mostly 0.8-1.5× as long as wide, cordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate at the base; burs bearing 2 equal apical beaks; [section Xanthium].
Leaf axil lacking a spine; leaf blades orbicular or broadly ovate, mostly 0.8-1.5× as long as wide, cordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate at the base; burs bearing 2 equal apical beaks; [section Xanthium].
Xanthium
Burs glabrous or hirsute, 1 to 3 cm long, densely covered by prickles (if not, then burs longer than 1 cm and with strong prickles and beaks), with strait or curved beaks; leaf blades truncate, rounded, or cuneate at the base.
Burs glabrous or hirsute, 1 to 3 cm long, densely covered by prickles (if not, then burs longer than 1 cm and with strong prickles and beaks), with strait or curved beaks; leaf blades truncate, rounded, or cuneate at the base.
Croton
Lower surface of leaf blade silvery, the scales mostly unpigmented or light amber (a few dark blackish brown scales sometimes present); leaf blades narrowly ovate, 2-3× as long as wide, broadest at or slightly below the midpoint, cuneate to rounded at the base; inflorescences 9-18-flowered, producing 0-11 fruits; [AL]
Lower surface of leaf blade silvery, the scales mostly unpigmented or light amber (a few dark blackish brown scales sometimes present); leaf blades narrowly ovate, 2-3× as long as wide, broadest at or slightly below the midpoint, cuneate to rounded at the base; inflorescences 9-18-flowered, producing 0-11 fruits; [AL]
Croton
Leaves (the larger) 2.5-6 cm long, 0.7-1.5 cm wide (generally 3-6× as long as wide), linear to linear-lanceolate, cuneate at the base; hairs of 1 color, all gray; lobes of the calyx of the pistillate flowers 5-6; [native, of Coastal Plain pondshores]
Leaves (the larger) 2.5-6 cm long, 0.7-1.5 cm wide (generally 3-6× as long as wide), linear to linear-lanceolate, cuneate at the base; hairs of 1 color, all gray; lobes of the calyx of the pistillate flowers 5-6; [native, of Coastal Plain pondshores]
Prunus
Leaf blade base cuneate; leaf blades > 1.8× as long as wide
Leaf blade base cuneate; leaf blades > 1.8× as long as wide
Parietaria
Main lateral veins diverging from the midvein above the usually narrowly cuneate leaf base; larger leaves 2-5× as long as wide; achene 0.9-1.2 mm long
Main lateral veins diverging from the midvein above the usually narrowly cuneate leaf base; larger leaves 2-5× as long as wide; achene 0.9-1.2 mm long
Parietaria
Main lateral veins diverging from the midvein at the usually truncate, rounded, or broadly cuneate leaf base; larger leaves 1-2× as long as wide; achene either 0.6-0.9 or 1.0-1.4 mm long.
Main lateral veins diverging from the midvein at the usually truncate, rounded, or broadly cuneate leaf base; larger leaves 1-2× as long as wide; achene either 0.6-0.9 or 1.0-1.4 mm long.
Solanum
Leaf bases attenuate to cuneate; inflorescences mostly internodal, with 4-8 (-10) flowers; corolla with a central greenish yellow star with black or purple margins; berries dark green to greenish brown, marbled with white, becoming translucent and shiny; stone cells 1-3, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter
Leaf bases attenuate to cuneate; inflorescences mostly internodal, with 4-8 (-10) flowers; corolla with a central greenish yellow star with black or purple margins; berries dark green to greenish brown, marbled with white, becoming translucent and shiny; stone cells 1-3, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter
Persicaria
Leaf base cuneate to attenuate; leaves obovate and acute to short-acuminate; leaves with persistent dark purplish-brown chevron on adaxial surface; leaves with 7-13 pairs of lateral veins; flowers red (very rarely, if ever, white)
Leaf base cuneate to attenuate; leaves obovate and acute to short-acuminate; leaves with persistent dark purplish-brown chevron on adaxial surface; leaves with 7-13 pairs of lateral veins; flowers red (very rarely, if ever, white)
Asclepias
Leaves with cuneate or rounded bases; [widespread in our area, but not ne. FL and peninsular FL]
Leaves with cuneate or rounded bases; [widespread in our area, but not ne. FL and peninsular FL]
Asclepias
Leaves > 3× as long as wide; leaf base cordate, subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; leaf apex acuminate, acute or obtuse; [collectively widespread].
Leaves > 3× as long as wide; leaf base cordate, subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; leaf apex acuminate, acute or obtuse; [collectively widespread].
Asclepias
Leaves 3-8× as long as wide, widest near the base, near the middle, or towards the apex (or the margins parallel for >3/4 of the leaf length); leaf base cordate, subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; leaf apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse; [collectively widespread].
Leaves 3-8× as long as wide, widest near the base, near the middle, or towards the apex (or the margins parallel for >3/4 of the leaf length); leaf base cordate, subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; leaf apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse; [collectively widespread].
Asclepias
Leaves > 9× as long as wide, widest near the base; leaf base broadly cuneate to truncate; apex acuminate; [e. TX and e. OK westwards and southwestwards]
Leaves > 9× as long as wide, widest near the base; leaf base broadly cuneate to truncate; apex acuminate; [e. TX and e. OK westwards and southwestwards]
Asclepias
Leaves widest above the midpoint, near the midpoint, or with margins nearly parallel for > 3/4 of the leaf length; leaf base subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; [IN, s. IL, AR, and e. TX eastwards].
Leaves widest above the midpoint, near the midpoint, or with margins nearly parallel for > 3/4 of the leaf length; leaf base subcordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; [IN, s. IL, AR, and e. TX eastwards].
Solanum
Leaf blade broadest above the midpoint, narrowly cuneate at the base; calyx and corolla shaggy-pubescent with stellate hairs
Leaf blade broadest above the midpoint, narrowly cuneate at the base; calyx and corolla shaggy-pubescent with stellate hairs
Solanum
Leaf blade broadest below the midpoint, short-cuneate or nearly truncate at the base; calyx and corolla densely short-stellate pubescent
Leaf blade broadest below the midpoint, short-cuneate or nearly truncate at the base; calyx and corolla densely short-stellate pubescent
Hieracium
Leaf bases of basal leaf blades cuneate; reproductive stems with 2-10 leaves.
Leaf bases of basal leaf blades cuneate; reproductive stems with 2-10 leaves.
Acalypha
Leaves rounded to widely cuneate at base; fruit pubescent with pustular-based trichomes
Leaves rounded to widely cuneate at base; fruit pubescent with pustular-based trichomes
Swida
Abaxial leaf surface coronulate, trichomes all appressed and rigid, leaf base usually cuneate
Abaxial leaf surface coronulate, trichomes all appressed and rigid, leaf base usually cuneate
Persicaria
Widest leaf blades 17-29 (-35) mm wide; principal emersed leaves with petioles 1-9 (-12) mm long, commonly with small, red-brown spots, usually otherwise green in drying; primary inflorescences 13-32 (-36) mm long; floating leaf blades cuneate to rounded (infrequently truncate) at the base; rhizome 1.5-3.5 mm thick between leafless nodes, bearing few-branched to moderately branched roots; stipules of emersed shoots usually developing sheathing stipules with a foliaceous, outward-flange at the summit, these pubescent with wide-ascending to spreading hairs
Widest leaf blades 17-29 (-35) mm wide; principal emersed leaves with petioles 1-9 (-12) mm long, commonly with small, red-brown spots, usually otherwise green in drying; primary inflorescences 13-32 (-36) mm long; floating leaf blades cuneate to rounded (infrequently truncate) at the base; rhizome 1.5-3.5 mm thick between leafless nodes, bearing few-branched to moderately branched roots; stipules of emersed shoots usually developing sheathing stipules with a foliaceous, outward-flange at the summit, these pubescent with wide-ascending to spreading hairs
Conoclinium
Leaf bases cuneate to truncate (rarely subcordate); [collectively widespread].
Leaf bases cuneate to truncate (rarely subcordate); [collectively widespread].
Steironema
Plants with well-developed long-creeping rhizomes; stem bases not swollen, <4 mm in diameter, lacking adventitious roots; leaf bases cuneate; petioles evenly ciliate from petiole base to apex and extending onto lower leaf edge; plants of mesic to dry sites, rarely of wet areas
Plants with well-developed long-creeping rhizomes; stem bases not swollen, <4 mm in diameter, lacking adventitious roots; leaf bases cuneate; petioles evenly ciliate from petiole base to apex and extending onto lower leaf edge; plants of mesic to dry sites, rarely of wet areas
Steironema
Plants lacking creeping rhizomes; stem bases usually somewhat swollen and >4 mm in diameter, often with adventitious roots; leaf bases mostly rounded to broadly cuneate; petioles ciliate mostly only in basal half but sometimes with a few cilia extending into distal half of petiole; plants of wetlands
Plants lacking creeping rhizomes; stem bases usually somewhat swollen and >4 mm in diameter, often with adventitious roots; leaf bases mostly rounded to broadly cuneate; petioles ciliate mostly only in basal half but sometimes with a few cilia extending into distal half of petiole; plants of wetlands
Steironema
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, bases cuneate and generally gradually contracted to the petiole, widest point located near the middle to just below the middle of the blade, 4-9× longer than wide, mid-cauline leaves 5-12 mm wide
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, bases cuneate and generally gradually contracted to the petiole, widest point located near the middle to just below the middle of the blade, 4-9× longer than wide, mid-cauline leaves 5-12 mm wide
Fothergilla
Leaf blades 1.0-6.2 cm wide; leaf base cordate, rounded, truncate, to cuneate, but not V-cordate; stamens 10-24, the filaments 3.6-13.8 mm long; [Coastal Plain, NC to FL Panhandle and s. AL].
Leaf blades 1.0-6.2 cm wide; leaf base cordate, rounded, truncate, to cuneate, but not V-cordate; stamens 10-24, the filaments 3.6-13.8 mm long; [Coastal Plain, NC to FL Panhandle and s. AL].
Fothergilla
Leaf bases rounded, truncate, or cuneate (rarely shallowly cordate); width of blade from the lowermost secondary vein to the margin < 0.5× as wide as distance along the midvein from the lowermost to the next lowermost secondary vein; leaves borne in a spreading to erect-ascending posture; petioles 2.6-10.5 mm long.
Leaf bases rounded, truncate, or cuneate (rarely shallowly cordate); width of blade from the lowermost secondary vein to the margin < 0.5× as wide as distance along the midvein from the lowermost to the next lowermost secondary vein; leaves borne in a spreading to erect-ascending posture; petioles 2.6-10.5 mm long.
Packera
Leaves with lateral lobes broadly rounded (and toothed) apically and broadly triangular-cuneate or rounded at the base; plants fibrous-rooted; plants 1.5-10 dm tall, with 1 stem from the rosette; [widespread in our area]
Leaves with lateral lobes broadly rounded (and toothed) apically and broadly triangular-cuneate or rounded at the base; plants fibrous-rooted; plants 1.5-10 dm tall, with 1 stem from the rosette; [widespread in our area]
Hamamelis
Leaves mostly obovate, (7-) avg. 8.7 (-13) cm long, 4-10 cm wide, glaucous and lightly stellate-pubescent below (mostly on and near the main veins), usually with 9-10 lateral veins; leaf base cuneate, narrowed to the petiole on at least one side (cuneate, rounded, or cordate on the other side); petals 5-10 mm long; [plants of the Interior Highlands and adjacent areas of s. MO, AR, and e. OK]
Leaves mostly obovate, (7-) avg. 8.7 (-13) cm long, 4-10 cm wide, glaucous and lightly stellate-pubescent below (mostly on and near the main veins), usually with 9-10 lateral veins; leaf base cuneate, narrowed to the petiole on at least one side (cuneate, rounded, or cordate on the other side); petals 5-10 mm long; [plants of the Interior Highlands and adjacent areas of s. MO, AR, and e. OK]
Hamamelis
Leaves mostly obovate, (7-) avg. 8.7 (-13) cm long, 4-10 cm wide, glaucous and lightly stellate-pubescent below (mostly on and near the main veins), usually with 9-10 lateral veins; leaf base cuneate, narrowed to the petiole on at least one side (cuneate, rounded, or cordate on the other side); petals 5-10 mm long; [plants of the Interior Highlands and adjacent areas of s. MO, AR, and e. OK]
Leaves mostly obovate, (7-) avg. 8.7 (-13) cm long, 4-10 cm wide, glaucous and lightly stellate-pubescent below (mostly on and near the main veins), usually with 9-10 lateral veins; leaf base cuneate, narrowed to the petiole on at least one side (cuneate, rounded, or cordate on the other side); petals 5-10 mm long; [plants of the Interior Highlands and adjacent areas of s. MO, AR, and e. OK]
Viola
Leaf blades narrowly ovate, broadest well above the base, base broadly rounded to cuneate; apical half of blade with conspicuous marginal teeth; stem and leaves sparsely to moderately hirtellous with easily visible hairs; [north of GA and SC]
Leaf blades narrowly ovate, broadest well above the base, base broadly rounded to cuneate; apical half of blade with conspicuous marginal teeth; stem and leaves sparsely to moderately hirtellous with easily visible hairs; [north of GA and SC]
Viola
Leaf blades lance-triangular to rhombic-lanceolate, broadest just above the base, base broadly cuneate to truncate; apical half of blade subentire; stem and leaves minutely puberulent, hairs requiring magnification to see clearly; [mostly south of TN and NC]
Leaf blades lance-triangular to rhombic-lanceolate, broadest just above the base, base broadly cuneate to truncate; apical half of blade subentire; stem and leaves minutely puberulent, hairs requiring magnification to see clearly; [mostly south of TN and NC]
Sophora
Leaflets (1.5-) 1.8-2.5× as long as wide; leaflet bases cuneate to rounded, usually strongly asymmetrical; leaflet lower surface sparsely pubescent at maturity; corollas (17-) 20-23 mm long; [of s. FL]
Leaflets (1.5-) 1.8-2.5× as long as wide; leaflet bases cuneate to rounded, usually strongly asymmetrical; leaflet lower surface sparsely pubescent at maturity; corollas (17-) 20-23 mm long; [of s. FL]
Viola
Upper surface of leaf blades concolorous; larger leaf blades all distinctly longer than broad, elliptical or oblong to oblong-ovate (rarely lanceolate), base shallowly cordate or truncate to cuneate, apex acute; petioles shorter than leaf blades (chasmogamous flower) to 2 × as long as blades (cleistogamous fruit); lowest sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate; upper and lateral petals of chasmogamous flower ≥ 3 mm wide; sepals of cleistogamous fruit ≥ 1/2 as long as capsule; seeds (1.3-) avg. 1.6 (-1.8) × (0.9-) avg. 1.1 (-1.3) mm, medium to dark brown or gray-brown with small weak or prominent darker spots, streaks or blotches
Upper surface of leaf blades concolorous; larger leaf blades all distinctly longer than broad, elliptical or oblong to oblong-ovate (rarely lanceolate), base shallowly cordate or truncate to cuneate, apex acute; petioles shorter than leaf blades (chasmogamous flower) to 2 × as long as blades (cleistogamous fruit); lowest sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate; upper and lateral petals of chasmogamous flower ≥ 3 mm wide; sepals of cleistogamous fruit ≥ 1/2 as long as capsule; seeds (1.3-) avg. 1.6 (-1.8) × (0.9-) avg. 1.1 (-1.3) mm, medium to dark brown or gray-brown with small weak or prominent darker spots, streaks or blotches
Symphyotrichum
Stem leaves cuneate or rounded at base; leaves thick, firm
Stem leaves cuneate or rounded at base; leaves thick, firm
Silphium
Principal leaves shallowly to deeply pinnatifid; leaf blade base cuneate, rounded or shallowly cordate; leaf blade often > 2× as long as wide
Principal leaves shallowly to deeply pinnatifid; leaf blade base cuneate, rounded or shallowly cordate; leaf blade often > 2× as long as wide
Silphium
Basal and lower cauline leaf blades either rounded or cuneate at the base, or sessile.
Basal and lower cauline leaf blades either rounded or cuneate at the base, or sessile.
Bignoniaceae
Leaves linear (> 10× as long as wide, with a narrowly cuneate base; stamens 4; shrub to small tree; [TX westwards and southwestwards]
Leaves linear (> 10× as long as wide, with a narrowly cuneate base; stamens 4; shrub to small tree; [TX westwards and southwestwards]
Bignoniaceae
Leaflets 1.3-5× as long as wide, the venation pinnate; leaf bases cordate, subcordate, auriculate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; leaf apices abruptly to gradually acuminate; corollas red, orange, bright yellow, or pink; fruit linear or ellipsoid, > 6× as long as wide, the surface smooth; tendrils narrowing to pointed tips.
Leaflets 1.3-5× as long as wide, the venation pinnate; leaf bases cordate, subcordate, auriculate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate; leaf apices abruptly to gradually acuminate; corollas red, orange, bright yellow, or pink; fruit linear or ellipsoid, > 6× as long as wide, the surface smooth; tendrils narrowing to pointed tips.
Silphium
Basal and lower stem leaves rounded or cuneate at the base.
Basal and lower stem leaves rounded or cuneate at the base.
Primulaceae
Basal leaves sessile; leaf bases cuneate to rounded; leaves not variegated.
Basal leaves sessile; leaf bases cuneate to rounded; leaves not variegated.
Crataegus
Leaves often ovate to rhomboid or suborbicular, bases cuneate or rounded.
Leaves often ovate to rhomboid or suborbicular, bases cuneate or rounded.
Crataegus
Leaves mostly ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, bases cuneate.
Crataegus
Leaves pubescent, particularly when young; leaves ovate or rhomboid, often lobed, bases cuneate; [interserial hybrids].
Leaves pubescent, particularly when young; leaves ovate or rhomboid, often lobed, bases cuneate; [interserial hybrids].
Crataegus
Leaves barely lobed (5-10 % to midrib), base rounded or broadly cuneate
Leaves barely lobed (5-10 % to midrib), base rounded or broadly cuneate
Crataegus
Leaves predominately lanceolate, elliptical, rhomboid or obovate; terminal shoot leaves often ovate; bases usually cuneate.
Leaves predominately lanceolate, elliptical, rhomboid or obovate; terminal shoot leaves often ovate; bases usually cuneate.
Crataegus
Leaf base often broadly cuneate; anthers white or ivory; habit usually shrubby
Leaf base often broadly cuneate; anthers white or ivory; habit usually shrubby
Salicaceae
Leaf base attenuate to cuneate; fruit a berry, 5-6 mm diameter; style divided into 2-3 branches, erect; [native, s. TX].
Leaf base attenuate to cuneate; fruit a berry, 5-6 mm diameter; style divided into 2-3 branches, erect; [native, s. TX].
Xylosma
Leaf apex acute to rounded; leaf base attenuate to cuneate; leaves elliptic to obovate; 6-8 pairs of prominent secondary veins; inflorescence a fascicle or raceme; pedicels 2-5 (-8) mm, glabrous or puberulent; [TX]
Leaf apex acute to rounded; leaf base attenuate to cuneate; leaves elliptic to obovate; 6-8 pairs of prominent secondary veins; inflorescence a fascicle or raceme; pedicels 2-5 (-8) mm, glabrous or puberulent; [TX]
Lythrum
Leaf bases cuneate; stems glabrous
Leaf bases cuneate; stems glabrous
Tragia
Leaf bases cuneate to rounded; stamens 2; [section Leptobotrys].
Leaf bases cuneate to rounded; stamens 2; [section Leptobotrys].
Dalbergia
Leaflets 6-13 cm long, the base cuneate to rounded; leaflets distinctly bicolored, much paler below than above; fruits about as wide as long, 2-3 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; seed 1 per fruit
Leaflets 6-13 cm long, the base cuneate to rounded; leaflets distinctly bicolored, much paler below than above; fruits about as wide as long, 2-3 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; seed 1 per fruit
Cyperus
Achenes 0.5-0.6 mm wide, < 2× as long as wide, cuneate to the base; scales 1.0-2.0 mm wide, 9-13-nerved; filaments ca. 2.5 mm long; anthers 0.4-0.8 mm long
Achenes 0.5-0.6 mm wide, < 2× as long as wide, cuneate to the base; scales 1.0-2.0 mm wide, 9-13-nerved; filaments ca. 2.5 mm long; anthers 0.4-0.8 mm long
Cyperus
Spikes relatively loose, the rachis usually visible when pressed; achenes cuneate to a stipitate base, broadly rounded to acute at the apex; [native, s. TX, uncertain reports]
Spikes relatively loose, the rachis usually visible when pressed; achenes cuneate to a stipitate base, broadly rounded to acute at the apex; [native, s. TX, uncertain reports]
Solidago
Midstem leaf blades 4-20× as long as wide, the base sessile and cuneate to rounded; plants 3-20 dm tall; [collectively widespread].
Midstem leaf blades 4-20× as long as wide, the base sessile and cuneate to rounded; plants 3-20 dm tall; [collectively widespread].
Silphium
Mid-stem leaves petiolate or subsessile (not clasping), with a cuneate or rounded base; leaves typically lanceolate, gradually tapering towards the tip; stem and inflorescence branches eglandular.
Mid-stem leaves petiolate or subsessile (not clasping), with a cuneate or rounded base; leaves typically lanceolate, gradually tapering towards the tip; stem and inflorescence branches eglandular.
Physalis
Pubescence viscid, generally composed of glandular trichomes mixed with fine, short hairs and long, multicellular ones; leaf blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, the base rounded, truncate, or cordate (occasionally widely cuneate).
Pubescence viscid, generally composed of glandular trichomes mixed with fine, short hairs and long, multicellular ones; leaf blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, the base rounded, truncate, or cordate (occasionally widely cuneate).
Physalis
Pubescence seldom if at all glandular-viscid, composed of simple trichomes of varying lengths, from dense, spreading, and long-villous to sparse, strigose and appressed; leaf blades narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, the base cuneate (rarely truncate).
Pubescence seldom if at all glandular-viscid, composed of simple trichomes of varying lengths, from dense, spreading, and long-villous to sparse, strigose and appressed; leaf blades narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, the base cuneate (rarely truncate).
Anacardiaceae
Leaves 7-13 (-15)-foliolate; leaflet base cuneate to rounded; leaflets 2-2.5× as long as wide; fruits white or yellowish; [widespread (though irregular) in our region, in FL south to Highlands County]
Leaves 7-13 (-15)-foliolate; leaflet base cuneate to rounded; leaflets 2-2.5× as long as wide; fruits white or yellowish; [widespread (though irregular) in our region, in FL south to Highlands County]
Physalis
Longer hairs up to 3 (4) mm. long, mature fruiting calyx 2-4 cm long, seeds 1-2 mm long; upper leaf surfaces glandular-pubescent to densely viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate to broadly ovate to suborbicular, the base rounded, truncate, or cordate (occasionally widely cuneate); [widespread in our region]
Longer hairs up to 3 (4) mm. long, mature fruiting calyx 2-4 cm long, seeds 1-2 mm long; upper leaf surfaces glandular-pubescent to densely viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate to broadly ovate to suborbicular, the base rounded, truncate, or cordate (occasionally widely cuneate); [widespread in our region]
Rubus
Primocane terminal leaflets elliptic, the base cuneate to rounded; inflorescences with 1-2 flowers
Primocane terminal leaflets elliptic, the base cuneate to rounded; inflorescences with 1-2 flowers
Pilea
Herbs, stems to 2 dm long; leaves spatulate to obovate, their bases all cuneate to rounded; achene surfaces smooth; [FL peninsula and more widely scattered north to VA, AR, AR, and TX]
Herbs, stems to 2 dm long; leaves spatulate to obovate, their bases all cuneate to rounded; achene surfaces smooth; [FL peninsula and more widely scattered north to VA, AR, AR, and TX]
Sphaeralcea
Stems decumbent to ascending, 1-3 (-5) dm tall; leaf base cuneate to cordate
Stems decumbent to ascending, 1-3 (-5) dm tall; leaf base cuneate to cordate
Sphaeralcea
Stems erect, (3-) 6-20 dm tall; leaf base cuneate
Stems erect, (3-) 6-20 dm tall; leaf base cuneate
Stachys
Corolla pink; midstem leaf bases rounded to broadly cuneate, hardly or not at all clasping.
Corolla pink; midstem leaf bases rounded to broadly cuneate, hardly or not at all clasping.
Fraxinus
Leaflet blades mostly 5.5-12 (-15) cm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, the apex acute-acuminate or less commonly obtuse, base cuneate to rounded; rachis 4-12 cm long; leaf scars 3-4 mm wide; [collectively widespread in our region].
Leaflet blades mostly 5.5-12 (-15) cm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, the apex acute-acuminate or less commonly obtuse, base cuneate to rounded; rachis 4-12 cm long; leaf scars 3-4 mm wide; [collectively widespread in our region].
Ipomoea
Leaf blades broadly cuneate, truncate or shallowly cordate at base, 2-4× as long as wide; [KS, OK, and TX]
Leaf blades broadly cuneate, truncate or shallowly cordate at base, 2-4× as long as wide; [KS, OK, and TX]
Rumex
Bases of leaf blades abruptly truncate to slightly cordate (occasionally broadly cuneate); abaxial surface of leaf blades and inflorescence branches papillose-pubescent; tubercle of the inner tepals distinctly reticulate-pitted; [natives in a variety of coastal and inland wetland and riparian habitats, collectively widespread]
Bases of leaf blades abruptly truncate to slightly cordate (occasionally broadly cuneate); abaxial surface of leaf blades and inflorescence branches papillose-pubescent; tubercle of the inner tepals distinctly reticulate-pitted; [natives in a variety of coastal and inland wetland and riparian habitats, collectively widespread]
Rumex
Bases of leaf blades narrowly cuneate (rarely broadly cuneate); abaxial surface of leaf blades and inflorescence branches glabrous or inconspicuously papillose; tubercle of the inner tepals usually smooth; [non-native of disturbed habitats, NJ northward]
Bases of leaf blades narrowly cuneate (rarely broadly cuneate); abaxial surface of leaf blades and inflorescence branches glabrous or inconspicuously papillose; tubercle of the inner tepals usually smooth; [non-native of disturbed habitats, NJ northward]
Salix
Leaves narrowly elliptic, elliptic, narrowly oblong, obovate or oblanceolate; abaxial leaf surfaces thickly glaucous and glabrous to sparsely pubescent (thus glaucous surface usually very conspicuous); leaf blade bases cordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate; stipules foliaceous or rudimentary to absent; capsules glabrous.
Leaves narrowly elliptic, elliptic, narrowly oblong, obovate or oblanceolate; abaxial leaf surfaces thickly glaucous and glabrous to sparsely pubescent (thus glaucous surface usually very conspicuous); leaf blade bases cordate, rounded, or broadly cuneate; stipules foliaceous or rudimentary to absent; capsules glabrous.
Salix
Leaves lorate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly oblong; abaxial leaf surfaces glaucous and often sparsely to densely silky pubescent; leaf blade bases cuneate; stipules absent to rudimentary (or distally foliaceous on later stipules); capsules silky-pubescent
Leaves lorate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly oblong; abaxial leaf surfaces glaucous and often sparsely to densely silky pubescent; leaf blade bases cuneate; stipules absent to rudimentary (or distally foliaceous on later stipules); capsules silky-pubescent
Peperomia
Leaf bases cuneate, truncate, rounded, or cordate, distinctly petiolate (the petiole > 3 mm long).
Leaf bases cuneate, truncate, rounded, or cordate, distinctly petiolate (the petiole > 3 mm long).
Peperomia
Leaf bases cuneate, truncate, rounded, or cordate, distinctly petiolate (the petiole > 3 mm long).
Leaf bases cuneate, truncate, rounded, or cordate, distinctly petiolate (the petiole > 3 mm long).
Lycopus
Leaves lanceolate to linear, cuneate at the base, upper leaves conspicuously narrower (and often also shorter) than the lower leaves, typically glandular pubescent
Leaves lanceolate to linear, cuneate at the base, upper leaves conspicuously narrower (and often also shorter) than the lower leaves, typically glandular pubescent
Euphorbia
Involucral glands 5; leaf adaxial (upper) surface usually glabrous (besides ciliate margins in E. apocynifolia); leaf bases cuneate to rounded; [ADD Euphorbia species 1].
Involucral glands 5; leaf adaxial (upper) surface usually glabrous (besides ciliate margins in E. apocynifolia); leaf bases cuneate to rounded; [ADD Euphorbia species 1].
Syringa
Leaves lanceolate, cuneate at base
Symphyotrichum
Stem leaves sessile, entire, and cordate- or auriculate-clasping at base (if only rounded or cuneate, then mostly 1-3 cm long); leaves crowded, internodes of main stem < 3.5 cm long (rarely longer in S. patens); plants stipitate-glandular in arrays (on upper stems, leaves, peduncles, bracts, and/or phyllaries; absent in sect. Concolores and sparse to absent in some vars. of S. patens); rays purple, blue, or lavender; [subgenus Virgulus]
Stem leaves sessile, entire, and cordate- or auriculate-clasping at base (if only rounded or cuneate, then mostly 1-3 cm long); leaves crowded, internodes of main stem < 3.5 cm long (rarely longer in S. patens); plants stipitate-glandular in arrays (on upper stems, leaves, peduncles, bracts, and/or phyllaries; absent in sect. Concolores and sparse to absent in some vars. of S. patens); rays purple, blue, or lavender; [subgenus Virgulus]
Symphyotrichum
Mid and upper stem leaves elliptic to linear, cuneate or attenuate at base (auriculate-clasping but broader in S. rhiannon, rarely subclasping in other species); ray blades 3-11 (-13) mm; stems and leaf faces glabrous or pubescent.
Mid and upper stem leaves elliptic to linear, cuneate or attenuate at base (auriculate-clasping but broader in S. rhiannon, rarely subclasping in other species); ray blades 3-11 (-13) mm; stems and leaf faces glabrous or pubescent.
Asteraceae
Heads in spiciform or racemiform arrays; heads unisexual (each head either with only female or only male flowers); involucres burlike, with tubercles or straight or hooked spines or prickles; leaves ovate or broader (in outline), often pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, truncate, cordate, or cuneate at base; [collectively widespread in our region].
Heads in spiciform or racemiform arrays; heads unisexual (each head either with only female or only male flowers); involucres burlike, with tubercles or straight or hooked spines or prickles; leaves ovate or broader (in outline), often pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, truncate, cordate, or cuneate at base; [collectively widespread in our region].
Asteraceae
Heads in corymbiform arrays; heads bisexual; involucres not burlike or nutlike, lacking tubercles or hooked or straight prickles or spines; leaves lanceolate, unlobed, cuneate at base
Heads in corymbiform arrays; heads bisexual; involucres not burlike or nutlike, lacking tubercles or hooked or straight prickles or spines; leaves lanceolate, unlobed, cuneate at base
Rubiaceae
Leaf bases cuneate to rounded but not cordate; leaves oblanceolate, lanceolate or linear; corolla white or yellow; [native, FL].
Leaf bases cuneate to rounded but not cordate; leaves oblanceolate, lanceolate or linear; corolla white or yellow; [native, FL].
Asteraceae
Leaf blades spatulate to obovate, cuneate to attenuate at the base, rounded or shallowly notched at the apex; leaf margins entire; leaves opposite below, alternate higher on the stems; [native of FL]
Leaf blades spatulate to obovate, cuneate to attenuate at the base, rounded or shallowly notched at the apex; leaf margins entire; leaves opposite below, alternate higher on the stems; [native of FL]
Asteraceae
Leaf blades triangular or lanceolate, truncate, cordate, or cuneate at the base, acute to acuminate at the apex; leaf margins serrate; leaves opposite throughout.
Leaf blades triangular or lanceolate, truncate, cordate, or cuneate at the base, acute to acuminate at the apex; leaf margins serrate; leaves opposite throughout.
Symphyotrichum
Stem leaves usually sessile above, cuneate and gradually narrowed onto petiole and/or petiole wings dilated at bases; leaves usually scabrous or pubescent adaxially.
Stem leaves usually sessile above, cuneate and gradually narrowed onto petiole and/or petiole wings dilated at bases; leaves usually scabrous or pubescent adaxially.
Symphyotrichum
Petioles not notably dilated at the base; mid and upper cauline blades narrowly lanceolate to linear, bases cuneate to attenuate, gradually narrowed onto the petiole or sessile; upper stems minutely strigillose or pilosulous, rarely glabrous; [series Concinni].
Petioles not notably dilated at the base; mid and upper cauline blades narrowly lanceolate to linear, bases cuneate to attenuate, gradually narrowed onto the petiole or sessile; upper stems minutely strigillose or pilosulous, rarely glabrous; [series Concinni].
Symphyotrichum
At least some cauline leaves with petiole wings dilated to cordate-clasping bases (often panduriform); cauline leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, bases cordate to broadly cuneate, upper sessile and clasping; upper stems and often adaxial leaf surfaces densely hirtellous with whitish hairs
At least some cauline leaves with petiole wings dilated to cordate-clasping bases (often panduriform); cauline leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, bases cordate to broadly cuneate, upper sessile and clasping; upper stems and often adaxial leaf surfaces densely hirtellous with whitish hairs
Solidago
Basal leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; leaves of normal herbaceous texture.
Basal leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; leaves of normal herbaceous texture.
Asteraceae
Plants scentless, or if bearing an odor, not foul-smelling; anthers cuneate to sagittate at the base, but not tailed; [widespread natives, rarely e. US waifs otherwise native to w. US].
Plants scentless, or if bearing an odor, not foul-smelling; anthers cuneate to sagittate at the base, but not tailed; [widespread natives, rarely e. US waifs otherwise native to w. US].
Asteraceae
Plants 10-35 dm tall; larger leaves (basal or low on the stem) with cuneate or attenuate bases, the blades 30-50 cm long; [non-native, rarely persistent or spreading from horticultural use]
Plants 10-35 dm tall; larger leaves (basal or low on the stem) with cuneate or attenuate bases, the blades 30-50 cm long; [non-native, rarely persistent or spreading from horticultural use]
Asteraceae
Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (sometimes cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.
Basal and lower stem leaves sessile (sometimes cordate-clasping), or if petiolate then with cuneate to attenuate bases.
Terminalia
Leaf blades 8-18 cm long, with abaxial domatia in tufts of hair, the bases cuneate; drupes 1.2-2 cm long, with 2 poorly-developed ridges
Leaf blades 8-18 cm long, with abaxial domatia in tufts of hair, the bases cuneate; drupes 1.2-2 cm long, with 2 poorly-developed ridges
Piper
Leaves ca. 2× as long as wide; leaf base obliquely rounded, cuneate, or slightly cordate (the 'notch' < 0.5 cm deep); leaf venation pinnate; inflorescences solitary and borne opposite the leaves; [subgenus Radula]
Leaves ca. 2× as long as wide; leaf base obliquely rounded, cuneate, or slightly cordate (the 'notch' < 0.5 cm deep); leaf venation pinnate; inflorescences solitary and borne opposite the leaves; [subgenus Radula]
Plantae
Flowers arranged in axillary spikes only; the fruit usually somewhat ridged; leaves clustered at branch tips (except T. arjuna), the bases typically cuneate; stipules reduced to glandular hairs at petiole base; plants armed or unarmed, the stem nodes not conspicuously swollen; branches arranged in tiers, the main branches erect, the lateral spreading horizontally
Flowers arranged in axillary spikes only; the fruit usually somewhat ridged; leaves clustered at branch tips (except T. arjuna), the bases typically cuneate; stipules reduced to glandular hairs at petiole base; plants armed or unarmed, the stem nodes not conspicuously swollen; branches arranged in tiers, the main branches erect, the lateral spreading horizontally
Ochna
Young stems lacking conspicuous lenticels; leaf blade bases cuneate to truncate, the margins entire or toothed
Young stems lacking conspicuous lenticels; leaf blade bases cuneate to truncate, the margins entire or toothed


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