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Scientific Lead Number Lead Position Lead Characteristics Lead Characteristics with Glossary Line result key id Line result taxon id result text
Abies
Juvenile-form leaves of young plants with spinose-bifid apices; leaf resin canals 2, median (and usually with up to 2 additional marginal canals); cone bracts exserted and erect with abrupt, short apical cusps; [section Pseudopicea]
Juvenile-form leaves of young plants with spinose-bifid apices; leaf resin canals 2, median (and usually with up to 2 additional marginal canals); cone bracts exserted and erect with abrupt, short apical cusps; [section Pseudopicea]
Rhynchospora
Tubercles 3-23 mm long; style simple or bifid only at the tip; [subgenus Haplostylae]
Tubercles 3-23 mm long; style simple or bifid only at the tip; [subgenus Haplostylae]
Erianthus
Awn of the lemma of the upper floret basally spiraled, 15-22 mm long; lemma of the upper floret bifid, the tooth on either side of the lemma 2.0-2.5 mm long
Awn of the lemma of the upper floret basally spiraled, 15-22 mm long; lemma of the upper floret bifid, the tooth on either side of the lemma 2.0-2.5 mm long
Vitaceae
Petals separate at their tips, falling individually; pith white, continuous through the node; bark adherent; tendrils bifid or trifid
Petals separate at their tips, falling individually; pith white, continuous through the node; bark adherent; tendrils bifid or trifid
Vitaceae
Petals connate at their tips, falling together; pith tan to brown, interrupted by a diaphragm at each node (subg. Vitis) or continuous through the node (subg. Muscadinia); bark adherent (subg. Muscadinia) or exfoliating (subg. Vitis); tendrils bifid or trifid (subg. Vitis) or simple (subg. Muscadinia); [tribe Viteae].
Petals connate at their tips, falling together; pith tan to brown, interrupted by a diaphragm at each node (subg. Vitis) or continuous through the node (subg. Muscadinia); bark adherent (subg. Muscadinia) or exfoliating (subg. Vitis); tendrils bifid or trifid (subg. Vitis) or simple (subg. Muscadinia); [tribe Viteae].
Vitis
Tendrils bifid to trifid; bark shedding, the lenticels inconspicuous; pith interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; leaves relatively large (well-developed leaves usually > 10 cm wide and long) and finely toothed, often deeply lobed.
Tendrils bifid to trifid; bark shedding, the lenticels inconspicuous; pith interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; leaves relatively large (well-developed leaves usually > 10 cm wide and long) and finely toothed, often deeply lobed.
Vitis
Tendrils bifid to trifid; bark shedding, the lenticels inconspicuous; pith interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; leaves relatively large (well-developed leaves usually > 10 cm wide and long) and finely toothed, often deeply lobed.
Tendrils bifid to trifid; bark shedding, the lenticels inconspicuous; pith interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; leaves relatively large (well-developed leaves usually > 10 cm wide and long) and finely toothed, often deeply lobed.
Brassicaceae
Petal apices strongly bifid; [tribe Alysseae]
Petal apices strongly bifid; [tribe Alysseae]
Draba
Leaves all basal; petals deeply bifid (about 1/2 way to base)
Leaves all basal; petals deeply bifid (about 1/2 way to base)
Draba
Leaves all basal; petals deeply bifid (about 1/2 way to base)
Leaves all basal; petals deeply bifid (about 1/2 way to base)
Caryophyllaceae
Capsule cylindrical, and often somewhat curved; petals emarginate to bifid; [tribe Alsineae]
Capsule cylindrical, and often somewhat curved; petals emarginate to bifid; [tribe Alsineae]
Paronychia
Plant an annual (-biennial); stems 1-4 dm long, uniformly and minutely recurved-puberulent; flowers 1.25-1.4 mm long, shortly ciliate to nearly glabrous; sepals ca. 1 mm long, oval-oblong, the margin ciliolate; style 0.4-0.5 mm long, bifid; fruit rounded at the top
Plant an annual (-biennial); stems 1-4 dm long, uniformly and minutely recurved-puberulent; flowers 1.25-1.4 mm long, shortly ciliate to nearly glabrous; sepals ca. 1 mm long, oval-oblong, the margin ciliolate; style 0.4-0.5 mm long, bifid; fruit rounded at the top
Gentianaceae
Style slightly bifid; stigma lobes reniform to shoe-shaped, fleshy; capsule linear
Style slightly bifid; stigma lobes reniform to shoe-shaped, fleshy; capsule linear
Gentiana
Calyx lobes linear-subulate, broadest at the base, 4× or more as long as broad, shorter than the densely puberulent calyx tube; stems densely puberulent; corolla appendages very unevenly bifid, the narrower segment often deflexed into the corolla tube
Calyx lobes linear-subulate, broadest at the base, 4× or more as long as broad, shorter than the densely puberulent calyx tube; stems densely puberulent; corolla appendages very unevenly bifid, the narrower segment often deflexed into the corolla tube
Gentiana
Calyx lobes linear-subulate, broadest at the base, 4× or more as long as broad, shorter than the densely puberulent calyx tube; stems densely puberulent; corolla appendages very unevenly bifid, the narrower segment often deflexed into the corolla tube
Calyx lobes linear-subulate, broadest at the base, 4× or more as long as broad, shorter than the densely puberulent calyx tube; stems densely puberulent; corolla appendages very unevenly bifid, the narrower segment often deflexed into the corolla tube
Gentiana
Calyx lobes lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate, or orbicular, 1-5× as long as broad, longer or shorter than the glabrous or puberulent calyx tube; stems glabrous or puberulent; corolla appendages subequally bifid, both segments erect.
Calyx lobes lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate, or orbicular, 1-5× as long as broad, longer or shorter than the glabrous or puberulent calyx tube; stems glabrous or puberulent; corolla appendages subequally bifid, both segments erect.
Cuscuta
Corolla tubular; calyx > ½ as long as the corolla; flowers 4 (-5)-merous; infrastaminal scales reduced, merely bifid or shallowly toothed
Corolla tubular; calyx > ½ as long as the corolla; flowers 4 (-5)-merous; infrastaminal scales reduced, merely bifid or shallowly toothed
Linaria
Styles bifid, with 2 distinct stigmatic surfaces; corolla primarily reddish-purple or magenta (the palate red, yellow, or whitish); capsule 3-7 mm long; plants annuals, with no stolons or rhizomes; seeds wingless; [section Versicolores].
Styles bifid, with 2 distinct stigmatic surfaces; corolla primarily reddish-purple or magenta (the palate red, yellow, or whitish); capsule 3-7 mm long; plants annuals, with no stolons or rhizomes; seeds wingless; [section Versicolores].
Utricularia
Branches of the floats longer (3-8 cm long), with dissections throughout the distal half; leaves with the 2 primary divisions unequal; bracts of the scape longer than broad, entire; flowers (6-) 9-14 (-17) per scape; apex of corolla spur bifid
Branches of the floats longer (3-8 cm long), with dissections throughout the distal half; leaves with the 2 primary divisions unequal; bracts of the scape longer than broad, entire; flowers (6-) 9-14 (-17) per scape; apex of corolla spur bifid
Utricularia
Branches of the floats shorter (1-4 cm long), with dissections at just the tip; leaves with the 2 primary divisions equal; bracts of the scape broader than long, the apex slightly to strongly 3-lobed; flowers (1-) 3-4 (-7) per scape; apex of corolla spur usually entire (rarely bifid)
Branches of the floats shorter (1-4 cm long), with dissections at just the tip; leaves with the 2 primary divisions equal; bracts of the scape broader than long, the apex slightly to strongly 3-lobed; flowers (1-) 3-4 (-7) per scape; apex of corolla spur usually entire (rarely bifid)
Apiaceae
Bracteoles present subtending the umbellets; outer flowers of the umbellet asymmetric, with the outer petals larger and often bifid (raylike); annuals; stems solid
Bracteoles present subtending the umbellets; outer flowers of the umbellet asymmetric, with the outer petals larger and often bifid (raylike); annuals; stems solid
Plantae
Ovary 3-locular; styles 3, each bifid; fruit a capsule, with 6 seeds
Ovary 3-locular; styles 3, each bifid; fruit a capsule, with 6 seeds
Plantae
Ovary 1-locular; styles 1-3, not bifid; fruit a utricle or achene (1-seeded).
Ovary 1-locular; styles 1-3, not bifid; fruit a utricle or achene (1-seeded).
Cryptostegia
Corolline corona lobes bifid; calyx lobes 13-20 mm long, the margins reflexed; follicles (8-) 10-15.5 cm long; corolla pale mauve
Corolline corona lobes bifid; calyx lobes 13-20 mm long, the margins reflexed; follicles (8-) 10-15.5 cm long; corolla pale mauve
Hexastylis
Leaves triangular to ovate-sagittate or subhastate, portions of the sides of larger leaves straight or concave; leaves mottled, the paler areas between the veins; style extension bifid to the stigma.
Leaves triangular to ovate-sagittate or subhastate, portions of the sides of larger leaves straight or concave; leaves mottled, the paler areas between the veins; style extension bifid to the stigma.
Hexastylis
Leaves triangular to ovate-sagittate or subhastate, portions of the sides of larger leaves straight or concave; leaves mottled, the paler areas between the veins; style extension bifid to the stigma.
Leaves triangular to ovate-sagittate or subhastate, portions of the sides of larger leaves straight or concave; leaves mottled, the paler areas between the veins; style extension bifid to the stigma.
Hexastylis
Leaves rounded, with cordate base, all portions of the sides of the leaves convex; leaves mottled or unmottled, if mottled, the paler areas along the veins; style extension notched or divided at the apex, not bifid to the stigma.
Leaves rounded, with cordate base, all portions of the sides of the leaves convex; leaves mottled or unmottled, if mottled, the paler areas along the veins; style extension notched or divided at the apex, not bifid to the stigma.
Hexastylis
Leaves rounded, with cordate base, all portions of the sides of the leaves convex; leaves mottled or unmottled, if mottled, the paler areas along the veins; style extension notched or divided at the apex, not bifid to the stigma.
Leaves rounded, with cordate base, all portions of the sides of the leaves convex; leaves mottled or unmottled, if mottled, the paler areas along the veins; style extension notched or divided at the apex, not bifid to the stigma.
Acalypha
Hairs of the stems, petioles, and peduncles gland-tipped; pistillate inflorescences terminal, staminate inflorescences axillary; styles usually unbranched (rarely bifid)
Hairs of the stems, petioles, and peduncles gland-tipped; pistillate inflorescences terminal, staminate inflorescences axillary; styles usually unbranched (rarely bifid)
Stellaria
Styles 5 (-6); capsule opening by 5 (-6) shallowly bifid valves
Styles 5 (-6); capsule opening by 5 (-6) shallowly bifid valves
Brazoria
Stems pubescent below inflorescence; corollas mostly 13-28 mm long; upper lobe of corolla bifid and erect; cocci pubescent.
Stems pubescent below inflorescence; corollas mostly 13-28 mm long; upper lobe of corolla bifid and erect; cocci pubescent.
Cyperus
Outer scale 0.5-1 mm long; inner scale bifid, to 0.2 mm long or absent; [widespread in our region]
Outer scale 0.5-1 mm long; inner scale bifid, to 0.2 mm long or absent; [widespread in our region]
Eleocharis
Culms not compressed; instead terete, subterete, elliptic, sulcate (grooved) or with 4-many ridges; if culms ridged, the ridges sometimes sharp and often most evident when culms have dried; apex of scales entire, not bifid (except for E. occulta); [habitat calcareous or acidic].
Culms not compressed; instead terete, subterete, elliptic, sulcate (grooved) or with 4-many ridges; if culms ridged, the ridges sometimes sharp and often most evident when culms have dried; apex of scales entire, not bifid (except for E. occulta); [habitat calcareous or acidic].
Eleocharis
Culms distinctly compressed (sometimes subterete-compressed in E. compressa var. acutisquamata); at least some scales bifid or shallowly cut; [habitat often calcareous or limestone-derived].
Culms distinctly compressed (sometimes subterete-compressed in E. compressa var. acutisquamata); at least some scales bifid or shallowly cut; [habitat often calcareous or limestone-derived].
Eleocharis
Culms distinctly compressed (sometimes subterete-compressed in E. compressa var. acutisquamata); at least some scales bifid or shallowly cut; [habitat often calcareous or limestone-derived].
Culms distinctly compressed (sometimes subterete-compressed in E. compressa var. acutisquamata); at least some scales bifid or shallowly cut; [habitat often calcareous or limestone-derived].
Eleocharis
Plants perennial, mat-forming (rhizomes not hidden by culm bases); spikelets a mix of entire and bifid scales (the proximal-most scale entire, remaining proximal 1/2 of scales bifid or shallowly cut, and distal scales often entire).
Plants perennial, mat-forming (rhizomes not hidden by culm bases); spikelets a mix of entire and bifid scales (the proximal-most scale entire, remaining proximal 1/2 of scales bifid or shallowly cut, and distal scales often entire).
Eleocharis
Plants densely cespitose (rhizomes present, but concealed by persistent living or dead culm bases); spikelet scales primarily bifid throughout.
Plants densely cespitose (rhizomes present, but concealed by persistent living or dead culm bases); spikelet scales primarily bifid throughout.
Eleocharis
Scales of spikelet acute or obtuse, not bifid; 5-35 scales per spikelet; plants cespitose or with proliferous spikelets, but lacking horizontal rhizomes; [collectively widespread]
Scales of spikelet acute or obtuse, not bifid; 5-35 scales per spikelet; plants cespitose or with proliferous spikelets, but lacking horizontal rhizomes; [collectively widespread]
Eleocharis
Scales of spikelet bifid, 20-50 scales per spikelet; plants densely cespitose and with horizontal rhizomes present (although these obscured by persistent leaf bases); [endemic to OK and TX]
Scales of spikelet bifid, 20-50 scales per spikelet; plants densely cespitose and with horizontal rhizomes present (although these obscured by persistent leaf bases); [endemic to OK and TX]
Eleocharis
Scales of spikelet bifid, 20-50 scales per spikelet; plants densely cespitose and with horizontal rhizomes present (although these obscured by persistent leaf bases); [endemic to OK and TX]
Scales of spikelet bifid, 20-50 scales per spikelet; plants densely cespitose and with horizontal rhizomes present (although these obscured by persistent leaf bases); [endemic to OK and TX]
Sphenopholis
Spikelets pedicellate; if awns present, then arising from just below the lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or not; plants usually perennial, rarely winter annuals.
Spikelets pedicellate; if awns present, then arising from just below the lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or not; plants usually perennial, rarely winter annuals.
Sphenopholis
Spikelets often in pairs with one subsessile and one pedicellate floret (or a mix of both if 3 florets present within a spikelet); awns of the lemma arising from midway to just below the lemma apices; lemma apices bifid; plants annual
Spikelets often in pairs with one subsessile and one pedicellate floret (or a mix of both if 3 florets present within a spikelet); awns of the lemma arising from midway to just below the lemma apices; lemma apices bifid; plants annual
Koeleria
Awns of the lemmas 3-8 mm long (therefore conspicuous and not merely a minute midvein extension), bent or geniculate and often basally-twisted and exceeding lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or bicuspidate; spikelets 5-7.5 mm long; ligule 0.5-4 mm long; [cool, moist northern sites, rare and disjunct in high elevation areas s. to VA]
Awns of the lemmas 3-8 mm long (therefore conspicuous and not merely a minute midvein extension), bent or geniculate and often basally-twisted and exceeding lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or bicuspidate; spikelets 5-7.5 mm long; ligule 0.5-4 mm long; [cool, moist northern sites, rare and disjunct in high elevation areas s. to VA]
Poaceae
Awns of the lemmas 2-8 mm long, therefore conspicuous and not merely a minute midvein extension, bent or geniculate and often basally-twisted and exceeding lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or bicuspidate.
Awns of the lemmas 2-8 mm long, therefore conspicuous and not merely a minute midvein extension, bent or geniculate and often basally-twisted and exceeding lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or bicuspidate.
Poaceae
Lemmas 3-7 veined, the apices not bifid (instead either unawned, entire, or only minutely awned); plants rhizomatous; [tribe Arundineae]
Lemmas 3-7 veined, the apices not bifid (instead either unawned, entire, or only minutely awned); plants rhizomatous; [tribe Arundineae]
Poaceae
Lemmas 3-veined, the apices bifid and shortly awned from between the teeth; [tribe Cynodonteae]
Lemmas 3-veined, the apices bifid and shortly awned from between the teeth; [tribe Cynodonteae]
Trisetum
Awns of the lemmas 2-8 mm long (therefore conspicuous and not merely a minute midvein extension), bent or geniculate and often basally-twisted and exceeding lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or bicuspidate.
Awns of the lemmas 2-8 mm long (therefore conspicuous and not merely a minute midvein extension), bent or geniculate and often basally-twisted and exceeding lemma apices; lemma apices bifid or bicuspidate.


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