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Key title
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“Triadenum”
Key A: lycophytes and pteridophytes
Key A1: pteridophytes reduced to thalloid or filamentous, free-living gametophytes
Key A2: pteridophytes and lycophytes growing as floating or rooted aquatics
Key A3: lycophytes and pteridophytes with leaves not ‘fern-like’ (unlobed, variously awl-shaped, scale-like, or terete)
Key A4: small ‘fern-like’ pteridophytes, epipetric or epiphytic, growing on rock, tree bark, or walls
Key A5: small ‘fern-like’ pteridophytes, terrestrial, growing in soil, not associated with rock outcrops
Key A6: medium to large ‘fern-like’ pteridophytes, epipetric on rock or walls, or epiphytic on tree trunks
Key A7: medium to large ‘fern-like’ pteridophytes, terrestrial, growing in soil, not associated with rock outcrops
Key B: gymnosperms
Key B1: cycads
Key B3: gymnosperm trees and shrubs with scale or needle leaves
Key C: aquatics
Key C1: floating aquatics
Key C2: rooted aquatics with basal leaves, compound or divided
Key C3: rooted aquatics with basal and simple, broad leaves
Key C4: rooted aquatics with basal and simple, linear leaves
Key C5: rooted aquatics with cauline leaves, compound or divided
Key C6: rooted aquatics with simple, cauline, alternate leaves
Key C7: rooted aquatics with simple, cauline, opposite or whorled leaves
Key E: angiosperm shrubs and subshrubs with basally-disposed leaves
Key F: woody angiosperms with alternate, compound leaves
Key F1: Key to Plantae
Key F2: Leaves with 4-many leaflets (poorly developed leaves in some species with only 3 leaflets, but usually leaves elsewhere on the plant with 4 or 5+).
Key F3: Key to Plantae
Key F4: Key to Plantae
Key F5: Key to Plantae
Key G: woody plants with alternate, simple leaves
Key G1: woody plants with alternate, simple, pinnately lobed leaves
Key G2: woody plants with alternate, simple, palmately lobed leaves
Key G3: lianas with alternate, simple, and unlobed leaves
Key G4: shrubs and subshrubs with alternate, simple, unlobed, entire leaves
Key G5: shrubs and subshrubs with alternate, simple, unlobed, toothed leaves
Key G6: trees with alternate, simple, unlobed, entire leaves
Key G7: trees with alternate, simple, unlobed, toothed leaves
Key H: woody plants with whorled leaves
Key I: woody plants with opposite, compound leaves
Key J: woody plants with opposite, simple leaves
Key J1: woody plants with opposite, simple, palmately or pinnately lobed leaves
Key J2: woody angiosperms with opposite, simple leaves with toothed margins {add [Abelia] CAPRIFOLIACEAE}
Key J3: lianas with opposite simple leaves with entire margins {add Paederia in RUBIACEAE}
Key J4: shrubs and subshrubs with opposite simple leaves with entire margins
Key J5: trees with opposite simple leaves with entire margins
Key K: holoparasites and holomycotrophs
Key L: epiphytic angiosperms {Note that epiphytic Pteridophytes are not re-keyed here; seek them in Keys A4 and A6}
Key M: monocots {Note that strictly aquatic monocots are not additionally keyed here; seek them in Key C. Some amphibious monocots are keyed both here and in Key C}
Key M1: monocots with linear, scale, or narrow leaves (or grasses)
Key M2: monocots with broad leaves
Key N: herbaceous dicots with mainly basal leaves
Key N1: herbaceous dicots with mainly basal, compound leaves
Key N2: herbaceous dicots with mainly basal, simple leaves
Key O: herbaceous dicots with alternate, compound leaves on the stem
Key P: herbaceous dicots with alternate, simple leaves on the stem
Key P1: herbaceous dicots with alternate, simple, and unlobed leaves on the stem
Key P2: herbaceous dicots with alternate, simple, and palmately lobed leaves on the stem
Key P3: herbaceous dicots with alternate, simple, and pinnately lobed leaves on the stem
Key Q: herbaceous dicots with whorled leaves on the stem {add [Platycodon] CAMPANULACEAE}
Key R: herbaceous dicots with opposite, compound leaves on the stem
Key S: herbaceous dicots with opposite, simple leaves on the stem
Key S1: herbaceous dicots with opposite, simple, and unlobed leaves on the stem
Key S2: herbaceous dicots with opposite, simple, and palmately lobed leaves on the stem {add [Humulus] CANNABINACEAE}
Key S3: herbaceous dicots with opposite, simple, and pinnately lobed leaves on the stem
Key to Oenothera
Key to Solidago
Key to Abdra
Key to Abies
Key to Abutilon
Key to Acacia
Key to Acalypha
Key to Acanthaceae
Key to Acanthospermum
Key to Acer
Key to Acetosa
Key to Achillea
Key to Achyranthes
Key to Acmella
Key to Acmispon
Key to Aconitum
Key to Acorus
Key to Acrostichum
Key to Actaea
Key to Actinidia
Key to Adiantum
Key to Aegilops
Key to Aeschynomene
Key to Aesculus
Key to Agalinis
Key to Agastache
Key to Agavaceae
Key to Agave
Key to Ageratina
Key to Ageratum
Key to Agrimonia
Key to Agrostis
Key to Aira
Key to Aizoaceae
Key to Ajuga
Key to Albizia
Key to Alcea
Key to Aletris
Key to Alisma
Key to Alismataceae
Key to Allamanda
Key to Alliaceae
Key to Allium
Key to Allowissadula
Key to Alnus
Key to Alocasia
Key to Aloe
Key to Alopecurus
Key to Aloysia
Key to Alstonia
Key to Alternanthera
Key to Alysicarpus
Key to Amaranthaceae
Key to Amaranthus
Key to Amaranthus, Key A: Amaranthus, subgenus Acnida
Key to Amaranthus, Key B: Amaranthus, subgenera Albersia and Amaranthus
Key to Amaryllidaceae
Key to Amauropelta
Key to Ambrosia
Key to Amelanchier
Key to Ammannia
Key to Ammi
Key to Ammoselinum
Key to Amorpha
Key to Ampelopsis
Key to Amphiachyris
Key to Amphicarpaea
Key to Amphicarpum
Key to Amsinckia
Key to Amsonia
Key to Amyris
Key to Anacardiaceae
Key to Anacis
Key to Anagallis
Key to Anatherum
Key to Andersonglossum
Key to Andropogon
Key to Anemia
Key to Anemone
Key to Angelica
Key to Annona
Key to Annonaceae
Key to Anoda
Key to Anredera
Key to Antennaria
Key to Anthemis
Key to Anthenantia: Key to Anthaenantia
Key to Anthoxanthum
Key to Anthriscus
Key to Aphanes
Key to Aphanostephus
Key to Aphyllon
Key to Apiaceae
Key to Apiaceae, Key A: Apiaceae with simple leaves
Key to Apiaceae, Key B: Apiaceae with 1-palmate leaves
Key to Apiaceae, Key C: Apiaceae with 1-pinnate leaves
Key to Apiaceae, Key D: Apiaceae with leaves 2-4× pinnately-ternately compound, the ultimate leaflets distinct and relatively broad
Key to Apiaceae, Key E: Apiaceae with leaves 2-4× pinnately-ternately compound, the ultimate leaflets linear and < 1 mm wide
Key to Apiaceae, Key F: Apiaceae with leaves 2-4× pinnately-ternately compound, the ultimate leaflets broader than 1 mm wide and many >25) and often imperfectly separated from one another (clone); fruits ornamented with hairs, bristles, barbs, or tubercles (clone)
Key to Apiaceae, Key G: Apiaceae with leaves 2-4× pinnately-ternately compound, the ultimate leaflets broader than 1 mm wide and many >25) and often imperfectly separated from one another (clone); fruits glabrous, not ornamented
Key to Apios
Key to Apium
Key to Apocynaceae
Key to Apocynum
Key to Aquilegia
Key to Arabidopsis
Key to Arabis
Key to Araceae
Key to Arachis
Key to Aralia
Key to Araliaceae
Key to Araujia
Key to Arctium
Key to Ardisia
Key to Arecaceae
Key to Arenaria
Key to Argemone
Key to Argentina
Key to Argyrochosma
Key to Argythamnia
Key to Arisaema
Key to Aristida
Key to Aristolochia
Key to Aristolochiaceae
Key to Armoracia
Key to Arnoglossum
Key to Aronia
Key to Arrhenatherum
Key to Artemisia
Key to Aruncus
Key to Arundinaria
Key to Asarum
Key to Asclepias
Key to Asclepias, Key A: milkweeds with clear sap and alternate leaves
Key to Asclepias, Key B: milkweeds with milky sap, with linear leaves opposite, subopposite, or whorled
Key to Asclepias, Key C: milkweeds with milky sap, with sessile, nonlinear leaves
Key to Asclepias, Key D: milkweeds with milky sap, with petiolate, nonlinear leaves, in flower
Key to Asclepias, Key E: milkweeds with milky sap, with petiolate, nonlinear leaves, in fruit (or sterile)
Key to Asimina
Key to Asparagus
Key to Asplenium
Key to Asteraceae
Key to Asteraceae, Key A: woody composites (shrubs and lianas)
Key to Asteraceae, Key B: herbaceous composites with opposite or whorled leaves
and discoid or disciform heads (lacking ray florets)
Key to Asteraceae, Key C: herbaceous composites with opposite leaves and radiate heads
Key to Asteraceae, Key D: Herbaceous composites with the leaves basal only (stems bearing heads with bracts only)
Key to Asteraceae, Key E: herbaceous composites with leaves alternate or basal,
liguliflorous heads (composed of ligulate florets), and sap usually milky
Key to Asteraceae, Key F: herbaceous composites with leaves spiny, leaves alternate or basal, and heads discoid
Key to Asteraceae, Key G: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate, the heads lacking rays, and with 0 pappus
Key to Asteraceae, Key H: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate, the heads lacking rays, and with a pappus of bristles only
Key to Asteraceae, Key I: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate, the heads lacking rays, and with a pappus wholly or partly of scales or awns
Key to Asteraceae, Key J: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate or basal and the heads radiate, the rays yellow, orange, red
Key to Asteraceae, Key K: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate or basal and the heads radiate, the rays yellow, orange, red
Key to Asteraceae, Key L: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate or basal and the heads radiate, the rays white, pink, purple, and the 0 pappus
Key to Asteraceae, Key M: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate or basal and the heads radiate, the rays white, pink, purple, and with a pappus of bristles only
Key to Asteraceae, Key N: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate or basal and the heads radiate, the rays white, pink, purple, and the pappus absent or essentially so
Key to Asteraceae, old Key J: Herbaceous composites with the leaves alternate or basal and the heads radiate, the rays white, pink, purple
Key to Astilbe
Key to Astragalus
Key to Astranthium
Key to Astrolepis
Key to Asystasia
Key to Athyriaceae
Key to Athyrium
Key to Atriplex
Key to Aureolaria
Key to Avena
Key to Axonopus
Key to Ayenia
Key to Azolla
Key to Baccharis
Key to Bacopa
Key to Balduina
Key to Bambusa
Key to Baptisia
Key to Baptisia, Key A: flowering Baptisia
Key to Baptisia, Key B: fruiting Baptisia
Key to Barbarea
Key to Barleria
Key to Bartonia
Key to Basellaceae
Key to Bassia
Key to Bauhinia
Key to Begonia
Key to Bellardia
Key to Benthamidia
Key to Berberidaceae
Key to Berberis
Key to Berlandiera
Key to Beta
Key to Betula
Key to Betulaceae
Key to Bidens
Key to Bigelowia
Key to Bignonia
Key to Bignoniaceae
Key to Blechnaceae
Key to Blephilia
Key to Bletia
Key to Blitum
Key to Boehmeria
Key to Boerhavia
Key to Bolboschoenus
Key to Boltonia
Key to Bonnaya
Key to Boraginaceae
Key to Borodinia
Key to Borrichia
Key to Bothriochloa
Key to Botrychium
Key to Bourreria
Key to Bouteloua
Key to Brachyelytrum
Key to Bradburia
Key to Brassica
Key to Brassicaceae
Key to Brassicaceae, Key A: plants in flower, trichomes of plant absent or, if present, unbranched
Key to Brassicaceae, Key B: plants in flower, trichomes of plant present with some or most or all branched
Key to Brassicaceae, Key C: plants in fruit, trichomes of plant absent or, if present, unbranched
Key to Brassicaceae, Key D: plants in fruit, trichomes of plant present with some or most or all branched
Key to Brazoria
Key to Brickellia
Key to Briza
Key to Bromeliaceae
Key to Bromus
Key to Bryodesma
Key to Buchnera
Key to Buddleja
Key to Bulbostylis
Key to Bunias
Key to Bupleurum
Key to Burmannia
Key to Burmanniaceae
Key to Buxaceae
Key to Cabomba
Key to Cabombaceae
Key to Cactaceae
Key to Cajanus
Key to Cakile
Key to Calamagrostis
Key to Calamovilfa
Key to Calliandra
Key to Callicarpa
Key to Callirhoe
Key to Callisia
Key to Callitriche
Key to Calophyllum
Key to Calopogon
Key to Calycanthaceae
Key to Calyptocarpus
Key to Camassia
Key to Camelina
Key to Camellia
Key to Campanula
Key to Campanulaceae
Key to Campyloneurum
Key to Canavalia
Key to Canna
Key to Cannabaceae
Key to Cantinoa
Key to Caperonia
Key to Capparaceae
Key to Capraria
Key to Caprifoliaceae
Key to Capsicum
Key to Cardamine
Key to Cardiospermum
Key to Carduus
Key to Carex
Key to Carex, [26a] Section 1a Vulpinae: section Vulpinae
Key to Carex, [26a] Section 1b Vulpinae: section Vulpinae
Key to Carex, [26aa] Section 18 Paniceae: section Paniceae
Key to Carex, [26aaa] Section 38 Leucoglochin: section Leucoglochin
Key to Carex, [26b] Section 2 Heleoglochin: section Heleoglochin (Paniculatae)
Key to Carex, [26bb] Section 19 Laxiflorae: section Laxiflorae
Key to Carex, [26bbb] Section 39 Acrocystis: section Acrocystis (Montanae)
Key to Carex, [26c] Section 3 Multiflorae: section Multiflorae
Key to Carex, [26cc] Section 20 Granulares: section Granulares
Key to Carex, [26ccc] Section 40 Clandestinae: section Clandestinae (Digitatae)
Key to Carex, [26d] Section 4.0 Phaestoglochin: section Phaestoglochin (Bracteosae)
Key to Carex, [26dd] Section 21 Careyanae: section Careyanae
Key to Carex, [26ddd] Section 41 Pictae: section Pictae
Key to Carex, [26e] Section 4.1 Dispermae: section Dispermae
Key to Carex, [26ee] Section 22 Griseae: section Griseae (Oligocarpae)
Key to Carex, [26f] Section 4.2 Chordorrhizae: section Chordorrhizae
Key to Carex, [26ff] Section 23 Hymenochlaenae: section Hymenochlaenae -- Key to Groups
Key to Carex, [26ff] Section 23a Hymenochlaenae: section Hymenochlaenae (the "Longirostres" group)
Key to Carex, [26ff] Section 23b Hymenochlaenae: section Hymenochlaenae (the "Gracillimae" group)


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