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Support the Flora of the Southeastern US

2024 has been a banner year for making the best flora we can imagine. We've created:
With financial support from people like you, we are aiming even higher in 2025. Together we can accomplish all this: Vote on our 2025 priorities
  • Add Global Conservation Ranks (GRanks) vote
  • Professional graphic keys (polyclaves) to individual families/genera vote
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Key to Chenopodium

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1 Seeds arranged vertically or both horizontally and vertically in the fruit; leaf blades glabrous or occasionally sparsely farinose.
  2 Perianth segments 5; plants perennial; [Blitum, sect. Blitum]
  2 Perianth segments 3; plants annual.
    3 Leaves lanceolate or oblong, glaucous on the lower surface; [Oxybasis, sect. Pseudoblitum]
    3 Leaves triangular or rhombic, green or white-farinose on the lower surface.
      4 Leaves farinose on the lower surface; [Oxybasis, sect. Oxybasis]
      4 Leaves glabrous and green on the lower surface.
        5 Glomerules 3-10 mm in diameter, borne sessile on unbranched terminal and occasionally axillary spikes; perianth segments fleshy and red at maturity; [Blitum, sect. Blitum]
        5 Glomerules 2-5 mm in diameter, borne sessile on lateral branched spikes; perianth segments membranaceous, green at maturity; [Oxybasis, sect. Pseudoblitum]
1 Seeds arranged horizontally in the fruit; leaf blades usually farinose.
          6 Flowers individually disposed in panicles; leaf blades glabrous; [Chenopodiastrum, sect. Grossefoveata]
          6 Flowers in loose or dense glomerules; leaf blades usually farinose; [subgenus Chenopodium, section Chenopodium].
             7 Primary leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, at least 2-3× as long as wide, usually untoothed and unlobed (but often with 2 basal lobes in C. foggii); [subsection Leptophylla].
                 9 Seeds 0.9-1.1 mm in diameter; taller plants often < 4 dm tall
                 9 Seeds 1.4-1.6 mm in diameter; taller plants > 4 dm tall
                   10 Leaves > 3× as long as wide.
                     11 Perianth spreading from fruit at maturity; plants strictly erect
                     11 Perianth enclosing the fruit at maturity; plants erect to spreading.
                       12 Plants usually spreading; perianth segments obtuse; leaf blades usually unlobed
                       12 Plants erect; perianth segments acute; leaf blades often with basal lobes
             7 Primary leaves ovate, rhombic, triangular, or lanceolate, usually with basal lobes and often also with additional teeth on the margins.
                          13 Seeds honeycomb-pitted; [subsection Favosa].
                              15 Style bases without yellow area; seeds 1.3-2.0 mm in diameter.
                                  17 Leaves 3-lobed; inflorescences with or without bracts.
                                           21 Leaf blades with basal lobes but no additional teeth, usually farinose; [subsect. Fremontiana]
                                               23 Seeds 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, the seed margin sharp; leaf blades without basal lobes; [Chenopodiastrum, sect. Chenopodiastrum]
                                               23 Seeds 0.8-1.2 mm in diameter, the seed margin rounded; leaf blades often with basal lobes; [Oxybasis, sect. Urbica]
                                                 24 Leaf blades without teeth, except for the often present basal lobes or teeth.
                                                    25 Leaves not aromatic; flowers in each glomerule in markedly different stages of development; [subsection Standleyana]
                                                    25 Leaves strongly malodorous; flowers in each glomerule in similar stages of development; [subsection Chenopodium]
                                                        27 Leaf margins more or less parallel below the obtuse apex; leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; inflorescence generally moniliform, not profusely branched; seeds oval in outline; pericarp strongly adherent
                                                          28 Plants greenish-gray, copiously farinose; perianth parts yellow-farinose, ribbed but not keeled
                                                          28 Plants green, slightly farinose; perianth parts green to slightly farinose, with a keeled midrib.
                                                            29 Plant densely branched from base; inflorescences in paniculate arching branches; lower leaves with a few lobes or teeth; upper leaves lanceolate and entire

Key to Oxybasis

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1 Leaf blades lanceolate-oblong, the margins toothed, sinuous, or shallowly rounded-lobed; leaf undersurface densely white-farinose.
  2 Inflorescences lacking leafy bracts, at least terminally; leaves obtuse at apex; vertical seeds 0.6-0.9 mm long
  2 Inflorescences with leafy bracts throughout; leaves acute at apex; vertical seeds 0.9-1.1 mm long
1 Leaf blades triangular-rhombic, green beneath (though also farinose in O. macrosperma).
    3 Leaf blades glabrous beneath.
      4 Stamens 2-3; seeds vertical (or occasionally horizontal); leaves turning red at maturity; plant typically branched from the base
      4 Stamens 5; seeds all horizontal (or rarely a few vertical); leaves remaining green; plant strict or branching above