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3 Flowers > 25 mm across (individual petals > 15 mm long) |
3 Flowers < 20 mm across (individual petals < 12 mm long). |
4 Leaves flattened in cross-section, > 2.5 mm wide, elliptic. |
4 Leaves terete to hemispherical in cross-section, usually < 2 mm wide, linear to lanceolate. |
5 Petals deeply bilobed; stamens > 40; [of sandstone (Altamaha Grit) outcrops in s. GA] |
5 Petals not bilobed; stamens usually < 30; [collectively widespread and of various habitats]. |
6 Petals dark pink to purple; seeds 0.4- 0.6 mm wide, round; leaves narrowly elliptic, 3-5× as long as wide |
6 Petals medium to pale pink; seeds 0.7-0.9 mm wide, elongate; leaves linear, ca. 8× as long as wide |
2 Petals yellow, orange, copper, bronze, or white. |
7 Flowers > 25 mm across (individual petals > 15 mm long). |
8 Leaves terete; capsule not encircled by an expanded, membranaceous wing |
8 Leaves flat; capsule encircled by an expanded, membranaceous wing |
9 Petals yellow, tipped with copper or red; [MS and AR westwards] |
9 Petals variable in color; [ exotic, in disturbed situations or naturalized on granite flatrocks in SC and GA] |
7 Flowers < 20 mm across (individual petals < 12 mm long). |
10 Leaf blades terete or hemispheric in cross-section, linear, usually < 3 mm wide. |
11 Stem nodes and inflorescences with conspicuous trichomes; flowers < 8 mm in diameter; [TX, waif elsewhere] |
11 Stem nodes and inflorescences with inconspicuous trichomes; flowers > 9 mm in diameter; [s. FL] |
10 Leaf blades flattened in cross-section, obovate or spathulate, 2-15 mm wide. |
12 Capsule encircled by an expanded membranaceous wing; [of granitic and sandstone outcrops in SC and GA] |
12 Capsule not encircled by an expanded membranaceous wing; [collectively widespread in our area, and of various habitats]. |
13 Leaves opposite; petals 4 (-5); tap-rooted perennial; [narrowly restricted to limestone outcrops in pine rocklands in the Florida Keys, and southeastwards in the Bahamas] |
13 Leaves alternate to subopposite; petals 5; fibrous-rooted annuals; [widely distributed in various habitats]. |
14 Epidermal cells of the seed coast (stellulae) with broad lobes, the lobes almost never longer than broad; seeds bluish (covered by wax); seeds retained in the nipple-like projection of the operculum avg. 4; {not readily identifiable by characters other than those of mature capsules and seeds} |
14 Epidermal cells of the seed coat (stellulae), with narrow lobes, the lobes mostly distinctly longer than broad (and sometimes developing prominent papillae at their ends); seeds not bluish (not covered by wax); seeds retained in the nipple-like projection of the operculum avg. 1-3 |
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15 Capsule encircled by an expanded membranaceous wing. |
16 [Native in our area, in thin soil on granitic and sandstone outcrops in SC and GA] |
16 [Introduced cultivar, persistent to weakly spreading from plantings] |
17 Petals yellow, tipped with copper or red; [MS and AR westwards] |
17 Petals variable in color; [ exotic, in disturbed situations or naturalized on granite flatrocks in SC and GA] |
15 Capsule not encircled by an expanded membranaceous wing. |
18 Leaves flattened in cross-section, > 2.5 mm wide, obovate to spatulate. |
19 Trichomes at nodes conspicuous; seeds round, < 0.6 mm long; leaves elliptic, with an acute to acuminate apex |
19 Trichomes at nodes inconspicuous; seeds elongate, > 0.4 mm long; leaves spatulate, with a rounded apex |
20 Capsules ca. 2 mm wide; styles 3; seeds ca. 0.5 mm long; leaves opposite; [narrowly restricted to limestone outcrops in pine rocklands in the Florida Keys, and southeastwards in the Bahamas] |
20 Capsules 4-9 mm wide; styles 3-6; seeds 0.7-1 mm long; leaves alternate to subopposite; [widely distributed in various habitats]. |
21 Epidermal cells of the seed coast (stellulae) with broad lobes, the lobes almost never longer than broad; seeds bluish (covered by wax); seeds retained in the nipple-like projection of the operculum avg. 4 |
21 Epidermal cells of the seed coat (stellulae), with narrow lobes, the lobes mostly distinctly longer than broad (and sometimes developing prominent papillae at their ends); seeds not bluish (not covered by wax); seeds retained in the nipple-like projection of the operculum avg. 1-3 |
18 Leaves terete to hemispherical in cross-section, usually < 3 mm wide, linear to lanceolate. |
22 Nodes and inflorescences with inconspicuous trichomes. |
23 Seeds > 0.7 mm in diameter; epidermal cells of the seed coat (stellulae) distinctly stellate and also tuberculate |
23 Seeds < 0.7 mm in diameter; epidermal cells of the seed coat (stellulae) obscurely stellate, and without tubercles |
22 Nodes and inflorescences with conspicuous trichomes. |
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25 Longest leaves mostly > 20 mm long; capsules mostly > 4 mm in diameter; [introduced, usually in obviously disturbed sites] |
25 Longest leaves mostly < 17 mm long; capsules mostly < 3.5 mm in diameter; [native, on granitic or diabase flatrocks] |
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26 Capsules 1.1-2.0 mm in diameter; seeds 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter |
26 Capsules 1.5-5 mm in diameter; seeds (0.4-) 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter |