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Support the Flora of the Southeastern US

2024 has been a banner year for making the best flora we can imagine. We've created:
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Click the number at the start of a key lead to highlight both that lead and its corresponding lead. Click again to show only the two highlighted leads. Click a third time to return to the full key with the selected leads still highlighted.

Key to Galium, Key B: Bedstraws with leaves mostly 6 per node (ranging from 4-8)

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1 Flowers pink, purple, or blue, in terminal heads, subtended by an involucre of leaves fused at the base; stem rough-hairy or retrorse-scabrid; [exotic].
  2 Leaves obtuse at tip; leaves 6-8 per whorl; stem retrorse-scabrid; [clade VI]
  2 Leaves acute to acuminate at tip; leaves (4-) 6 per whorl; stem rough-hairy; [clade IV]
1 Flowers white, yellow, or green, in axillary or terminal diffuse inflorescences, not subtended by an involucre; stems either smooth, retrorse-scabrid, or pubescent.
    3 Largest leaves < 10 mm long; fruits 0.7-1 mm across; annual; [exotic]; [clade III].
      4 Inflorescence relatively diffuse, branches divaricate; ultimate fruits (2-) 3-6 (-7) nodes beyond primary stem axis (with largest leaves); first inflorescence internode (beyond primary stem axis) 15-50 mm long; fruit surface glabrous (without hairs)
      4 Inflorescence relatively strict, branches ascending; ultimate fruits 2-3 (-4) nodes beyond primary stem axis (with largest leaves); first inflorescence internode (beyond primary stem axis) 3-12 (-20) mm long; fruit surface glabrous or bristly-hispid.
        5 Fruit surface without hairs, smooth to shallowly papillate
        5 Fruit surface bristly-hispid with uncinate-tipped hairs, distinctly papillate
    3 Largest leaves > 10 mm long; fruits 1-2.5 mm across; perennial; [native].
          6 Fruits and ovaries uncinate-hispid; leaves 15-50 mm long, 7-10 mm wide; [clade III]
          6 Fruits and ovaries glabrous or papillose; leaves 5-25 mm long, 1-6 mm wide.
             7 Corolla 1.5-2.5 mm across, 3-lobed; [collectively widespread in our area]; [clade V].
               8 Fruiting pedicels (4-) 5-8 (-12) mm long; pairs of fruits (3-) 3.5-5 mm across at maturity; leaves 2-3 (-4) mm wide
               8 Fruiting pedicels (2-) 2.5-5 (-6) mm long; pairs of fruits (2-) 2.5-3 mm across at maturity; leaves (1.5-) 2-2.5 (-2.8) mm wide
             7 Corolla 2.5-4.5 mm across, 4-lobed; [mostly of the Mountains in our area, extending into the Piedmont or even the Coastal Plain in n. VA and northward]; [clade undetermined].
                 9 Leaf margins retrorsely ciliate-scabrid; leaves 3-5× as long as wide; [plants of bogs and moist thickets]
                 9 Leaf margins antrorsely ciliate-scabrid; leaves 4-8× as long as wide; [plants of dry forests and woodlands].
                   10 Leaves sharply acute or cuspidate; corolla 2.5-3 mm across
                   10 Leaves rounded, obtuse, or barely acute; corolla ca. 4 mm across