1 Plant a tree, with opposite leathery leaves; [of FL, s. MS, s. LA southward] |
1 Plant an herb or vine, with various leaf arrangements. |
2 Leaves in a basal rosette (sometimes with smaller leaves on a scape). |
3 Leaves glabrate, to 22 cm long and 8 cm wide; corolla 0.8-1.3 cm long; capsule 8-10 mm long; stamens 2; [of moist to wet swamps]; [subfamily Nelsonioideae] |
3 Leaves pubescent, to 10 cm long and 3 cm wide; corolla 1.8-4 cm long; capsule 9-18 mm long; stamens 4; [of dry upland pinelands]. |
4 Leaves 2-10 cm long, 1-3 cm wide; corolla 3-4 cm long; calyx lobes 15-30 mm long; capsule 12-18 mm long |
4 Leaves 1.5-2.5 cm long, 0.7-0.8 cm wide; corolla ca. 2 cm long; calyx lobes 6-9 mm long; capsule ca. 10 mm long |
|
5 Fertile stamens 2; corolla distinctly 2-lipped or zygomorphic (except salverform in Pseuderanthemum and with 4 nearly equal lobes in Yeatesia). |
|
6 Corolla distinctly 2-lipped or 4- lobed. |
7 Leaves speckled or mottled with pink or white |
7 Leaves not speckled with pink or white. |
8 Flowers with 2 staminodes present; corolla tubular; anther sacs parallel, equal; [uncommon non-native, s. AL and FL] |
8 Flowers lacking staminodes; corolla not tubular; anther sacs unequal; [widespread native and non-natives] |
9 Texas only; {additional characters} |
10 Stout shrubs to 3 m tall; corolla bright red to orange, 30-55 mm long |
10 Suffrutescent herbs to 0.5 m tall; corolla white to light purple, 5.0-9.5 mm long |
9 yyyy; [widespread, including TX]. |
11 Bracts and bractlets inconspicuous, 2-5 mm long, linear or triangular; stem subterete or obscurely 4-angled |
11 Bracts and/or bractlets subtending the flowers conspicuous, 5-15 mm long, obovate; stem terete or 6-angled. |
12 Stem six-angled in cross-section; corolla conspicuously 2-lipped |
12 Stem terete in cross-section; corolla 4- lobed, the lobes nearly equal |
5 Fertile stamens 4; corolla not distinctly 2-lipped, the corolla lobes of nearly equal size (except distinctly 2-lipped in Hygrophila). |
13 Corolla distinctly 2-lipped (bilabitate, with a distinct upper and lower lip). |
14 Outer sepals aristulate or with spinose margins (except B. repens, which has a reddish corolla and grows trailing) |
|
13 Corolla not distinctly 2-lipped, the corolla lobes of nearly equal size. |
15 Plant an herbaceous vine; leaves cordate- hastate at the base; flowers yellow to orange, usually with a dark purple “eye” |
15 Plant an herb; leaves cuneate to rounded at the base; flowers white to various shades of blue or pink. |
16 Flowers axillary, solitary. |
17 Calyx lobes linear- aristate; anther sacs awned or pointed at the base |
17 Calyx lobes lanceolate or linear; anther sacs blunt |
16 Flowers in elongate terminal racemes |
18 Bracts in the inflorescence small, inconspicuous |
18 Bracts in the inflorescence large, conspicuous |
1 Leaves whorled, most nodes with 3 or more leaves. |
2 Leaves strongly toothed to pectinate |
2 Leaves entire or finely toothed. |
3 Leaves tipped by a callus (visible at 10× magnification); leaf margins entire; flowers many, grouped in a terminal involucrate head; [Eudicots] |
3 Leaves not callus-tipped; leaf margins finely toothed or at least with conical protrusions remaining from the disintegration of better-developed deciduous teeth; flowers solitary on elongate, flexuous stalks; [Monocots] |
1 Leaves opposite, no nodes with 3 or more leaves. |
4 Cauline leaves in 1 pair |
4 Cauline leaves in 2-many nodes. |
5 Leaves in 2-3 pairs, appearing verticillate; plants of marine waters; [of FL, MS, LA and southward] |
5 Leaves along stem at 2-many nodes; plants of fresh to brackish waters; [collectively widespread]. |
6 Flowers 3 -merous; [Monocots]. |
7 Leaf margins (or at least leaf sheaths) serrate or minutely spiny; fruits sessile, entire; leaves 5-15× as long as wide |
7 Leaf margins (including sheaths) entire; fruit stalked, dentate on one side; leaves >20× as long as wide |
6 Flowers 4- or 5 -merous; [Eudicots]. |
8 Leaves 1-12 cm long; flowers borne in axillary or terminal spikes or clusters |
8 Leaves 0.5-3 (-5) cm long; flowers solitary, axillary. |
9 Carpels 4-5, separate; fruit an aggregate of follicles; leaves succulent |
9 Carpels 2-5, fused; fruit capsular (variously dehiscent); leaves thin in texture or somewhat succulent (e.g. Bacopa in PLANTAGINACEAE). |
10 Leaves dimorphic, the terminal leaves usually spatulate (strongly expanded towards the apex); corolla absent; stamen 1 |
10 Leaves monomorphic, obovate, oblanceolate, or parallel-margined; corolla present (absent in Didiplis in LYTHRACEAE); stamens 2-6. |
11 Flower radially symmetrical, 3-4 -merous; petals absent or separate |
12 Stems lacking ridges running down from leaf bases |
12 Stems with ridges running down from leaf bases |
11 Flower bilaterally symmetrical, 4-5 -merous; petals present, fused at least basally, forming a tube. |
|
|