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Key to Apiaceae, Key D: Apiaceae with leaves 2-4× pinnately-ternately compound, the ultimate leaflets distinct and relatively broad

Apiaceae

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  2 Leaflets broad, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, sparingly lobed; corolla yellow
1 Leaflets variously serrate, dentate, and/or incised.
    3 Plants in flower.
      4 Corolla yellow, maroon, pale creamy yellow, or yellowish green.
        5 Herbs acaulescent to short-caulescent, 1-4 dm tall; [endemic to se. TX]
        5 Herbs caulescent, 1.8-15 dm tall; [east and north of se. TX or rare garden escape].
          6 Plants annual; foliage aromatic when crushed; [rare garden escape]
          6 Plants perennial; foliage odorless or foul-smelling (Zizia) when crushed; [native species].
             7 Flowers yellow, maroon, or pale creamy-yellow; central flower of each umbellet staminate and pedicelled; fruits all pedicelled in all umbellets; developing fruits subterete to slightly dorsally compressed, several or all of the ribs with thin-edged wings
             7 Flowers yellow; central flower of each umbellet either staminate and pedicelled, or pistillate and sessile; fruits all pedicelled in some umbellets (those with a staminate central flower), or the central fruit sessile in some umbellets (those with a pistillate central flower); developing fruits laterally compressed, all of the ribs rounded and cordlike
                 9 Rays 16-25; leaves somewhat coriaceous; leaflet bases often cuneate or obliquely truncate; [plants of dry habitats]
                 9 Rays 3-5; leaves thin in texture; leaflet bases rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate; [plants of moist forests]
                   10 Basal leaves lobed or 1-pinnate, cauline leaves ternate and narrowing upward [rare native in nw. LA, OK, and c. TX]
                   10 Basal leaves ternate and similar to cauline leaves; [either rarely naturalized non-natives or more widespread natives]
                     11 Plants 1-12 dm tall at maturity; [either naturalized non-natives or uncommon native species in OK or TX].
                       12 Plants to 4 dm tall; acaulescent; [uncommon native species in OK and TX]
                          13 Involucel bractlets relatively small, not showy, green or purplish, herbaceous, not enveloping young umbellets
                          13 Involucel bractlets large, showy, green or purple with broad white margins, usually scarious, enveloping young umbellets
                       12 Plants to 12 dm tall; caulescent; [naturalized non-natives]
                            14 Ovary (and later the fruits) terete, the ribs corky-winged; [plants of wetlands]
                            14 Ovary (and later the fruits) laterally compressed, not winged; [plants of uplands]
                              15 Umbellets (rays) (25-) 50-100 per umbel; [primarily southern and western portions of the FSUS region]
                     11 Plants 6-18 dm tall at maturity; [collectively common and widespread natives].
(c) Gilliam, Stan
                                16 Sheaths of the upper leaves dilated, > 1 cm wide when flattened; [plants of moist habitats, from GA northward in the Mountains, extending into adjacent provinces towards the northern edge of our area]
                                16 Sheaths of the upper leaves not dilated, < 1 cm wide; [plants either of wetlands or of moist to dry forests].
                                  17 Veins of the leaflets directed to the sinuses; leaflets mostly 2.5-5× as long as wide, acuminate at the tip; [of wetlands]
                                  17 Veins of the leaflets directed to the tips of the teeth or lobes; leaflets mostly 1.3-1.8× as long as wide, acute to obtuse at the tip; [of moist to dry forests]
    3 Plants in fruit.
                                       19 Fruits 4-6 mm long, hispid across the surfaces; rays 16-25; leaves somewhat coriaceous; leaflet bases often cuneate or obliquely truncate; [plants of dry habitats]
                                       19 Fruits 18-24 mm long, oblanceolate or linear, appressed-pubescent on the ribs; rays 3-5; leaves thin in texture; leaflet bases rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate; [plants of moist forests]
                                           21 Fruits strongly dorsiventrally compressed, ovate to oblong 4.5-12 mm long, strongly winged; [north of se. TX]
                                         20 Herbs caulescent, 1.8-15 dm tall; [more widespread, mostly eastward or garden escape]
                                               23 Fruits dorsally compressed (strongly to slightly) or subterete, either thin-winged or corky-winged.
                                                 24 Basal leaves ternate and similar to cauline leaves; [rarely naturalized non-natives or more widespread natives]
                                                    25 Ribs thin-winged; fruits 3-8 mm long; [common natives of most to submesic forests].
                                                      26 Rays 12-30; fruits 4-8 mm long; plant 6-20 dm tall; sheaths of the upper leaves dilated, > 1 cm wide when flattened
                                                      26 Rays 5-10; fruits 3-6 mm long; plant 5-10 dm tall; sheaths of the upper leaves not dilated, < 1 cm wide
                                                        27 Veins of the leaflets either directed to the tips of the teeth or lobes, or reticulating extensively and becoming obscure before reaching the margin; leaflets mostly 1.3-1.8× as long as wide, acute to obtuse at the tip; [of moist to dry forests or disturbed areas].
                                                            29 Plants perennial or Ammi majus annual; foliage odorless or foul-smelling (Zizia) when crushed; [native or naturalized species].
                                                              30 Lateral veins of the leaflet arcing, reticulating and becoming obscure before reaching the leaflet margin; leaflet base symmetrical or slightly oblique; leaflet margin toothed to or very close to the base