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Key to Verbesina
https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=show-key.php&keyid=40639
3 Internodes winged; [collectively widespread]. | |
3 Internodes not winged; [collectively of sw. GA, s. AL, FL Panhandle, and TX]. | |
5 Ray flowers (5-) 11-13+, yellow; heads 1-20. | |
7 Heads few, 1-15 (-20) in a compact inflorescence; disc 7-16 mm wide at anthesis; ray flowers (5-) 7-15, yellow; plants 5-12 dm tall | |
7 Heads numerous, 10-200+ in a dense to open inflorescence; disc 3-15 mm wide at anthesis; ray flowers either absent, or 1-5 and white, or 2-10 and yellow; plants 10-40 dm tall. | |
11 Lower and middle leaves pinnately lobed or dissected; achenes of ray florets glabrous; [of the outer Coastal Plain from SC southward] | |
Key to Asteraceae, Key B: herbaceous composites with opposite or whorled leaves
and discoid or disciform heads (lacking ray florets)
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https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=show-key.php&keyid=40515
1 Pappus present, of 5-60 barbellate bristles; receptacle naked (without paleae or well-developed bristles); [tribe Heliantheae; subtribe Eupatoriae]. | |
2 Plant stiffly erect to sprawling but never twining, phyllaries and disk florets usually > 4 per head. | |
11 Phyllaries not strongly imbricate, with the principal ones subequal and sub-biseriate; petioles 0.5-10 cm | |
11 Phyllaries clearly imbricate, in 3+ series, the margins usually glandular; some species epetiolate | |
1 Pappus either absent, or of scales, setae, or awns; receptacle naked, paleate, or bearing bristles. | |
16 Leaves petiolate; corolla tube glabrous, typically blue or lavender colored (sometimes white tinged); heads with 20-125 florets; [naturalized exotics or s. FL native] | |
16 Leaves sessile; corolla tube glandular-pubescent, typically white colored (sometimes pink-purple tinged); heads with 75-125 florets; [s. TX native] | |
15 Heads with 10-30 florets (or fewer in Schkuhria); leaves entire; [natives, of FL, s. GA, MS, and TX in our area]; [tribe Heliantheae; subtribe Chaenactidinae]. | |
19 Heads bright yellow, closely aggregated into corymbiform arrays of flat-topped to dome-shaped glomerules | |
20 Heads in paniculiform arrays, all or most of the heads not subtended by bracts | |
22 Heads small, less than 1 cm in diameter at anthesis (the female heads enlarging in Xanthium); disc florets dull white or suffused with green or purple; florets mainly unisexual (either in the same heads and then males central and females peripheral, or in separate female and male heads); female florets 0-8 per head; [tribe Heliantheae; subtribe Ambrosiinae]. | |
23 Heads unisexual; cypselas shed within an indurated bur or “nut” with hooked or straight spines developed from the phyllaries and/or paleae. | |
24 Involucre of the female heads with tubercles or straight spines developing from the phyllaries; burs 1-8 mm long | |
24 Involucre of the female heads with hooked spines developing from the phyllaries/paleae; burs 10-35 mm long | |
23 Heads bisexual, with functionally male and female flowers in the same head; cypselas shed individually, not enclosed. | |
25 Heads in paniculiform arrays, all or most of the heads not subtended by bracts | |
27 Disc flowers bright yellow or reddish-brown. | |
28 Involucre of phyllaries subtended by a calyculus of bracts obviously different in color, texture, and shape than the phyllaries. | |
28 Involucre of phyllaries not subtended by a calyculus (phyllaries sometimes in 2+ series, but without obvious calyculi below). | |
30 Plants erect; heads without ray florets; [wet pine savannas and bogs; FL panhandle] | |
27 Disc flowers bright white or pale yellow. | |
31 Stems not winged; plants erect or spreading. | |