1 Leaves very large, > 10 dm long |
1 Leaves small to large, < 10 dm long. |
2 Stems armed with prickles or stipular or nodal spines; leaves often also with prickles. |
3 Leaves with conspicuous leafy stipules, often adnate to the petiole; plant a liana or small to medium shrub; leaves serrate, often sharply and prominently so; leaves not strongly aromatic when fresh, lacking pellucid punctate glands on the surface |
3 Leaves lacking leafy stipules; plant a tree or tall shrub; leaves entire or obscurely crenate or serrate; plant a tree or tall shrub; leaves either strongly aromatic when fresh, with conspicuous pellucid punctate glands or not aromatic and not pellucid- punctate. |
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4 Leaves strongly aromatic when fresh, with conspicuous pellucid punctate glands; leaves often with prickles on the rachis; leaflet apices usually acuminate |
2 Stems unarmed (leaflets with spinose margins in some species, or the stem with dense hispid hairs, but these not particularly sharp to the touch). |
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6 Plant an upright shrub or tree, not climbing. |
7 Plant a medium or tall tree. |
8 Leaves with stipules; flowers bilaterally symmetrical, papilionaceous, white, cream, or pink; stamens 10; fruit a legume; [collectively widespread in our area] |
8 Leaves without stipules; flowers radially symmetrical, whitish; stamens 5 or 10; fruit a single-seeded drupe; [FL peninsula] |
7 Plant a shrub or small tree to 7 (-10) m tall. |
9 Leaf 2-5 cm long, with 5-7 leaflets |
9 Leaf > 8 cm long, with 5-many leaflets. |
10 Flowers bilaterally symmetrical, papilionaceous (reduced in Amorpha to a single petal); stamens 10; fruit a legume; leaves with stipules ( stipulate). |
10 Flowers radially symmetrical, stamens 4-5 (to 10+ in Simarouba); fruit either a drupe (Anacardiaceae, Simaroubaceae), or a 1-3-seeded berry or a samara (Picramniaceae); leaves without stipules ( exstipulate). |
11 Inflorescence a panicle; fruit a drupe; [collectively widespread] |
12 Plants with pellucid ( translucent) gland dots (usually variously present across vegetative and flowering parts) |
12 Plants lacking pellucid gland dots. |
13 Carpels remaining united, forming a compound fruit (the fruits various) |
13 Carpels becoming distinct, each forming a simple drupe |
11 Inflorescence a raceme or compound thyrse; fruit a samara or 1-3-seeded berry; [s. FL] |
5 Leaflets serrate or crenate (sometimes minutely so, look closely). |
14 Leaflets crenate or crenulate, the teeth rounded and coarse ( Cupania) or often inconspicuous or minute. |
15 Fruit a fleshy berry, red to dark orange at maturity; leaf surfaces often (but not always) with punctate glands; flowers white, solitary or in small fascicles; [uncommon non-native, s. FL] |
15 Fruit a capsule, drupe, or shizocarp of mericarps, variously colored at maturity; leaf surfaces not glandular- punctate; flowers variously colored, the inflorescence paniculate or thyrsiform; [collectively widespread natives and non-natives, including s. FL]. |
16 Fruit a dehiscent capsule; mid to lower leaflets usually conspicuously alternate along the rachis, the leaflet crenations often coarse; [s. FL only in our area] |
16 Fruit a drupe or schizocarp of 2-5 samaroid mericarps (these evidently winged); mid to lower leaflets usually opposite or subopposite along the rachis, the crenations often inconspicuous; [collectively widespread]. |
17 Leaflets with obscure crenations, not as below nor bearing glands; leaf rachis narrowly to conspicuously winged, especially towards the tip; fruit a drupe; plant a shrub or small tree |
17 Leaflets (especially the basal and on the basalscopic side) with 1-5 large rounded teeth, each bearing a prominent dark green gland; leaf rachis not winged; fruit a schizocarp, with 2-5 samaroid mericarps; plant a medium to large tree |
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18 Leaf serrations spinose |
18 Leaf serrations not spinose. |
19 Inflorescences axillary. |
20 Plant a tree, freely branched; rhizome inner bark not brightly colored; flowers unisexual, the male flowers in catkins, the female flowers solitary or few in a spike, the perianth greenish or tan and inconspicuous; fruit a nut covered by a dehiscent or indehiscent involucre |
20 Plant a short shrub, < 1 m tall, little branched; rhizome inner bark of fresh plants bright yellow; flowers bisexual, petals absent, the 5 petaloid sepals maroon; inflorescence a drooping panicle from the base of the new year’s growth; fruit an aggregate of follicles |
19 Inflorescences terminal. |
21 Inflorescence corymbose (flat-topped or rounded, as wide as long or wider); fruit a red pome |
21 Inflorescence paniculate (longer than wide); fruit various (see below), but not as above. |
22 Leaves stipulate; flowers bright white; fruit an aggregate of 5 follicles |
22 Leaves lacking stipules; flowers cream or yellow; fruit either a drupe or an inflated membranaceous capsule. |
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23 Fruit an inflated membranaceous capsule |
1 Liana, climbing by twining; [tribe Millettieae] |
2 Inflorescence a stiff panicle; leaflets (5-) 7-9; ovary and fruit glabrous; leaves evergreen |
2 Inflorescence a pendent raceme; leaflets 7-19; ovary and fruit either glabrous or densely velvety- villous; leaves cold- deciduous |
1 Shrubs and trees, lacking climbing adaptations. |
3 Leaflets glandular- punctate (not requiring magnification). |
4 Leaflets 4-10 cm long; leaves with 7-13 leaflets; large tree; flowers ca. 15 mm long, pink-purple; [tribe Milletieae] |
4 Leaflets 0.4-4 (-7) cm long; leaves with (7-) 9-31 leaflets; shrub or small tree; flowers 4-11 mm long, white, cream, violet, purple, or blue; [tribe Amorpheae]. |
5 Corolla reduced to a single petal (the standard); flowers whitish, sky blue, dark blue, purple, or violet; [collectively widespread] |
5 Corolla of 5 petals; flowers white to cream, sometimes 'fading' to dark purple; [s. FL, TX]. |
6 Flowers papilionoid, either cream, fading purplish, or bicolored white and purple; [s. FL, TX, OK] |
6 Flowers only slightly bilaterally symmetrical, white; [TX] |
3 Leaflets lacking punctate glands. |
7 Leaflets 3-9 per leaf; leaflets 2-15 (-20) cm long; small or large tree (to shrub in Dermatophyllum secundiflorum). |
8 Lateral leaflets all or mostly alternate along the rachis. |
9 Leaflets (5-) 7-9 per leaf; flowers 18-25 mm long, white; [native, also planted; SC, GA, AL, MS, and LA northwards] |
9 Leaflets 3-5 (-7) per leaf; flowers ca. 10 mm long, yellow-white or pinkish; [non-native; FL peninsula] |
8 Lateral leaflets strictly in opposite pairs. |
10 Stamens free; [tribe Sophoreae]. |
11 Corollas 14-16 mm long, blue-purple; fruit turgid and cylindrical, but torulose- constricted between the scarlet seeds; [native; TX] |
11 Corollas 7-11 mm long, cream to white; fruit flattened, not constricted between the tan to light brown seeds; [non-native] |
10 Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous; [FL peninsula]; [tribe Milletieae] |
12 Fruit woody, unwinged, with 1 very large (ca. 2 cm long) seed; stamens diadelphous |
12 Fruit 2-9 cm long, membranaceous, with 4 broad, tan, ruffled wings and 1-6 black seeds; stamens monadelphous |
7 Leaflets (5-) 7-31 per leaf, at least the larger and better developed leaves on a plant with 11 or more leaflets; leaflets 0.4-12 cm long; shrub, small tree, or large tree. |
13 Corollas 5-6 mm long, pink or purplish; fruits 15-35 mm long, 1-3 mm wide |
13 Corollas 9-30 mm long, yellow, white, pink, or purplish; fruits 25-150 (-200) mm long, 5-35 mm wide. |
14 Corollas ca. 10 mm long, pink or purplish; fruit a single-seeded, globose or broadly ellipsoid drupe, 2.5-4 cm long, 2-3 cm in diameter; leaflets 4-12 cm long; [s. FL] |
14 Corollas 15-30 mm long, white, pink, purplish, or bright yellow or coppery; fruit a legume, seeds several; leaflets 2-6 cm long; [collectively widespread] |
15 Corollas bright yellow or coppery; fruits about as thick as wide, either bladdery- inflated or moniliform (like beads on a string). |
16 Fruits bladdery- inflated, 50-70 mm long, 20-30 mm in diameter; stamens diadelphous; [cultivated ornamental, rarely establishing] |
16 Fruits moniliform (like beads on a string), 100-200 mm long, 7-8 mm in diameter at the seeds, 1-2 mm in diameter between the seeds; stamens free; [native of coastal peninsular FL and TX]. |
15 Corollas white, pink, or pink-purple; fruits flattened (wider than thick). |
17 Leaflets short- acuminate at the apex; calyx truncate- sinuate at its apex; branches not armed; [tropical s. FL] |
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