2024 Edition • Donate • Get the App • Cite this Page
X

Colors

Data mode

Account

Login
Sign up

Support FSUS...

We've finished our 2024 fundraiser. Many thanks to those who have given! It's not too late to support us (click here)...

Click the number at the start of a key lead to highlight both that lead and its corresponding lead. Click again to show only the two highlighted leads. Click a third time to return to the full key with the selected leads still highlighted.

Key to Campanulaceae

Copy permalink to share

1 Corollas bilaterally symmetrical (zygomorphic); carpels 2; [subfamily Lobelioideae]
1 Corollas radially symmetrical (actinomorphic); carpels (2-) 3-5; [subfamily Campanuloideae].
  2 Capsule dehiscent apically; flowers solitary or in very diffuse panicles (Platycodon, Wahlenbergia), or in compact involucrate umbels (Jasione); [exotics, generally in weedy or disturbed situations].
    3 Flowers and fruits borne in an involucrate umbel
    3 Flowers and fruits solitary or in a diffuse inflorescence.
      4 Flowers large, 1 to few, solitary or nearly so; leaves large, ovate to elliptic; [Platycodonoid clade]
      4 Flowers small, several to many, borne in a diffuse inflorescence; leaves small, linear to narrowly elliptic; [Wahlenbergioid clade]
  2 Capsule dehiscent laterally (the pores nearly apical in some Campanula); flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles; [mostly native species of various habitats (some of them weedy)].
        5 Inflorescence spicate, the flowers sessile, mostly in the axils of well-developed leaves; corollas rotate and style straight.
          6 Stamen filaments hairy towards the base; stem strict, unbranched; flowers chasmogamous, but often with the lowest flowers cleistogamous
        5 Inflorescence racemose or paniculate, the flowers pedicelled, sometimes axillary to well-developed leaves; corollas campanulate, funnelform, or rotate, with a straight or curved style
             7 Corolla campanulate.
               8 Stems weak and slender, reclining, 3-angled.
               8 Stems more robust, erect, terete or nearly so.
             7 Corolla rotate.
                 9 Stem erect; leaf obviously serrate or crenate; [Panhandle FL and northwards, of upland habitats]
                 9 Stem sprawling; leaf entire or with a few obscure teeth; [FL, s. GA, and s. AL, of wetland habitats].
                   10 Corolla 14-18 mm across; sepals 6-9 mm long
                   10 Corolla 7-8 mm across; sepals 1-2.5 mm long