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1 Plant annual; pappus bristles 2-8 mm long. | |
2 Lower leaves lanceolate, acute; phyllary appendages white to dark brown or black, the teeth ca. 1 mm long; pappus 2-4 mm long |
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1 Disc flowers yellow, orange, red, or brownish. | |
4 Receptacle epaleate. | |
1 Disc flowers pink, purple, or white | |
8 Receptacle epaleate. | |
9 Disc flowers 1-5 (rarely more) per head. | |
10 Disc flowers white (rarely cream), 3; heads not aggregated into a secondary cluster subtended by bracts; [se. TX] | |
10 Disc flowers lavender to purple, sometimes so lightly so as to be white, 1-4 (-5+); heads aggregated into clusters of 1-40 heads, subtended by 1-3 bracts; [collectively widespread in our region] | |
11 Heads (1-) 10-40 per secondary cluster, borne in corymbiform arrays; bracts subtending clusters (2-) 3, deltate; pappus of 5 (-6) scales, each aristate | |
9 Disc flowers (2-) 10-100+ per head (at least most heads with >10 flowers). | |
12 Phyllaries 5-15 (-21) in 1-2 (-3) series. | |
12 Phyllaries 18-many in 5+ series. | |
15 Heads discoid, all flowers similar | |
14 Phyllary tips not so modified, unarmed and unelaborate; receptacle epaleate and naked; [tribe Vernonieae]. | |
18 Peripheral flowers of the heads enlarged and bilaterally symmetrical, appearing like "false rays" | |
19 Perennials; cypselas 8-10-ribbed. | |
20 Heads not subtended by leafy bracts; pappus of an inner series of scales or bristles and an outer series of bristles, persistent |