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Key to Palafoxia

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1 Ray flowers 3-13; upper stem and peduncles moderately to densely stipitate glandular.
  2 Leaves 2-6 mm wide, about 15× as long as wide; phyllaries 6-8 mm long; cypselas 5-6 mm long
  2 Leaves (3-) 6-25 mm wide (at least the larger > 6 mm wide), 4-12× as long as wide; phyllaries 7-18 mm long; cypselas 6-9 mm long.
    3 Ray flowers 3-5, the corollas 15-25 mm long, the ray portion 5-12 mm long; lower and mid stem hispid, not glandular
    3 Ray flowers 5-13, the corollas 10-20 mm long, the ray portion 9-14 mm long; lower and mid stem either glandular or hispid.
      4 Phyllaries 10-16 mm long; disc flowers 50-90; lower and mid stem stipitate glandular; [mainly coastwards from the Carrizo, including in s. TX]
      4 Phyllaries 7-12 mm long; disc flowers 25-50; lower and mid stem hispid, not stipitate glandular; [mainly Carrizo sands in TX]
1 Ray flowers 0; upper stem and peduncles strigillose, scabrous, or glabrate, hairs not gland-tipped.
        5 Shrubs, 10-30 dm tall; disc corolla throats cylindrical, longer than the lobes; [FL]
        5 Herbs or suffruticose, 1-15 dm tall; disc corolla throats funnelform, shorter than the lobes; [collectively widespread, including FL].
          6 Perennial herbs or suffruticose, 3-15 dm tall, from a woody crown or rhizome; outer phyllaries shorter than the inner; [east of the Mississippi River, in FL, s. GA, and s. AL]
          6 Annual herbs 1-8 dm tall, from a taproot; outer phyllaries about the same length as the inner; [west of the Mississippi River, except very rarely eastwards, as in FL and MS].
             7 Disc corollas 5-6 mm long; pappus scales 0.3-1.0 mm long; leaves 1-4 mm wide, ca. 20× as long as wide; [MO, AR, LA, and MS west to OK and TX]
             7 Disc corollas 7-10 mm long; pappus scales 1-8 mm long; leaves 2-20 mm wide, 3-15× as long as wide; [w. LA and TX, rarely adventive eastwards in FL and MS].
               8 Leaf blades mostly lanceolate, (5-) 10-20 mm wide, 3-6× as long as wide; phyllaries with or without stipitate glands
                 9 Plants with few branches arising from the base; phyllaries mostly without stipitate-glands; pappus scales mostly 1-4 mm long; [sandy or silty soils]
                 9 Plants with several branches arising from the base; phyllaries with stipitate-glands; pappus scales mostly 3-6 mm long; [rocky calcareous soils]
               8 Leaf blades mostly narrowly lanceolate to linear, 2-6 (-10) mm wide, 6-15× as long as wide; phyllaries usually stipitate glandular.
                   10 Phyllaries 7-10 mm long; pappus scales 3-8 mm long
                   10 Phyllaries 5-7 mm long; pappus scales 1-3 mm long