For Syringa
Green. 2004. In Kadereit, J.W. 2004. The families and genera of vascular plants. VII. Flowering plants – Dicotyledons – Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin. 478 pp.
Hardin, J.W. 1974. Studies of the southeastern United States flora. IV. Oleaceae. Sida 5: 274-285.
Li, J., B. Goldman-Huertas, J. DeYoung, and J. Alexander III. 2012. Phylogenetics and diversification of Syringa inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. Castanea 77: 82-88.
Li, J., J.H. Alexander, and D. Zhang. 2002. Paraphyletic Syringa (Oleaceae): evidence from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and ETS regions. Syst. Bot. 27: 592-597.
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