Carpinus Linnaeus. Subfamily: Coryloideae. Hornbeam, Ironwood, Muscle-tree, Water-beech, Blue-beech.
A genus of about 26 species, trees, in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, extending southward to se. Asia and Central America. The smooth gray bark gives Carpinus the names ‘Water-beech’ and ‘Blue-beech’, the fluted, sinewy appearance of the trunk the name ‘Muscle-tree’, and the very hard, heavy wood the name ‘Ironwood’.
Ref: Furlow (1987a); Furlow (1987b); Furlow (1990); Furlow (1997) In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1997); Govaerts & Frodin (1998); Hardin (1971a); Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993). Show full citations.
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© Étienne Léveillé-Bourret, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Étienne Léveillé-Bourret | Carpinus caroliniana var. caroliniana source | Original Image ⭷
© Alan Weakley | 
© Alan Weakley |