*Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbaricz. Pale Swallow-wort. Phen: May-Jul. Hab: Disturbed areas, especially suburban woodlands. Dist: Native of s. Europe.

Origin/Endemic status: Mediterranean Europe and Africa

Synonymy: = Mi, Pa; = Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi – K3, NE, NY; = n/a – F; >< Cynanchum medium R.Br., misapplied; >< Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. – C; >< Vincetoxicum medium (R.Br.) Decne., misapplied

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