Intro:

Stems: Pith continuous. Young twigs (1-year-old or less) green or purple or red or reddish-brown, glabrous. Twigs (2-4 years old) glabrous, scaly. Leaf scars absent, bundle scars absent, stipule scars absent, short shoots present or absent, short shoots bearing leaves. Bark of mature trunks flaky or furrowed or plated. Buds axillary or terminal, bud clusters at ends of twigs present or absent, reddish-brown, (6-)8-10(-12) mm long, cylindric or fusiform or ovoid or ovoid-cylindric, sharp, glabrous or pubescent, ciliate, bud scales imbricate.

Leaves: Leaves evergreen, needle-like, simple, sessile, fascicled, spreading or ascending, needles 2 per cluster or fascicle, 2-8 cm long, 0.1-0.12(-0.15) cm wide, acicular, leaf margins entire or serrulate, leaf apices acute, leaf bases attenuate, leaf cross section semicircular. Leaf upper surface green or yellow-green, striped, glabrous. Leaf lower surface green or yellow-green, striped, glabrous. Stipules absent.

Inforescence: Pollen cones shedding pollen March or April or May, (0.8-)1-2 cm long. Seed cone maturation 2 years. Seed cones persistent, axillary, sessile or nearly sessile or stalked, symmetric, before opening lanceoloid or lance-ovoid, when open conic or ovoid or ovoid-conic, 3-7(-8) cm long, immature seed cones green, mature seed cones gray or reddish-brown. Seed cone scales woody, armed. Seed cone armature persistent, curved or straight. Apophyses keeled.

Flowers:

Fruits:

Comments: Needles typically twisted; buds very resinous (sometimes not resinous); bark plates without resin pockets; 3-4 year-old twigs smoothish to rough, but not flaking; trees tending to retain the lower branches, especially when growing in the open.

Height: (5-)10-20(-30) m tall.

plant sale text:

bloom table text:

description:

stems: Pith continuous. Young twigs (1-year-old or less) green or purple or red or reddish-brown, glabrous. Twigs (2-4 years old) glabrous, scaly. Leaf scars absent, bundle scars absent, stipule scars absent, short shoots present or absent, short shoots bearing leaves. Bark of mature trunks flaky or furrowed or plated. Buds axillary or terminal, bud clusters at ends of twigs present or absent, reddish-brown, (6-)8-10(-12) mm long, cylindric or fusiform or ovoid or ovoid-cylindric, sharp, glabrous or pubescent, ciliate, bud scales imbricate.

leaves: Leaves evergreen, needle-like, simple, sessile, fascicled, spreading or ascending, needles 2 per cluster or fascicle, 2-8 cm long, 0.1-0.12(-0.15) cm wide, acicular, leaf margins entire or serrulate, leaf apices acute, leaf bases attenuate, leaf cross section semicircular. Leaf upper surface green or yellow-green, striped, glabrous. Leaf lower surface green or yellow-green, striped, glabrous. Stipules absent.

inflorescence: Pollen cones shedding pollen March or April or May, (0.8-)1-2 cm long. Seed cone maturation 2 years. Seed cones persistent, axillary, sessile or nearly sessile or stalked, symmetric, before opening lanceoloid or lance-ovoid, when open conic or ovoid or ovoid-conic, 3-7(-8) cm long, immature seed cones green, mature seed cones gray or reddish-brown. Seed cone scales woody, armed. Seed cone armature persistent, curved or straight. Apophyses keeled.

flowers:

fruits:

comments: Needles typically twisted; buds very resinous (sometimes not resinous); bark plates without resin pockets; 3-4 year-old twigs smoothish to rough, but not flaking; trees tending to retain the lower branches, especially when growing in the open.

cultural notes:

germination code:

native range: