Tillandsia usneoides (Linnaeus) Linnaeus. Common name: Spanish-moss, Long-moss, Pastle. Phenology: Feb-Aug. Habitat: Branches of trees, especially in swamps and maritime hammocks, but elsewhere where air humidity is high enough, often even in dry forests (for instance, Tillandsia is abundant on Quercus laevis in an extensive very dry longleaf pine sandhills near Wilmington, NC, which receives frequent fog from the Cape Fear, Brunswick, and Northeast Cape Fear rivers). Distribution: S. MD (historically), se. VA south to s. FL, west to s. AR, TX, and Mexico; West Indies; Central and South America. T. usneoides is the only member of the very large genus Tillandsia to occur north of s. GA.
ID notes: The epithet ‘usneoides’ refers to its (very general and superficial) resemblance to the common epiphytic lichen Usnea. The inconspicuous yellowish-green flowers are intensely fragrant at night.
Origin/Endemic status: Native
Synonymy ⓘ: = Ar, Bah, C, ETx1, F, FNA22, G, K4, Meso6, NcTx, RAB, Tat, Tx, Va, WH3; = Dendropogon usneoides (L.) Raf. — S, S13; Renealmia usneoides Linnaeus. Basionym: Renealmia usneoides L. 1753
Links to other floras: = Tillandsia usneoides - FNA22
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Wetland Indicator Status:
- Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC
- Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: UPL
- Great Plains: UPL
Heliophily ⓘ: 5
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Horticultural Information
Intro: Perennial with inconspicuous flowers, growing in cascading masses in branches of trees, especially in swamps, but elsewhere where air humidity is high enough.
Stems: Stems silvery-gray, string-like, covered with gray scales.
Leaves: Leaves alternate, linear and curling, to 1½ in. long; mostly indistinguishable from stems.
Inforescence:
Flowers: Flowers solitary on short stems from leaf axils, green to yellowish-green, about 1/3 in. long, tubular but with 3 spreading, oblong-lance-shaped petals.
Fruits: Fruit a tan, 3-lobed capsule containing plumed seeds.
Comments: Not parasitic; uses trees as support and absorbs water and some nutrients from air but also photosynthesizes.
Height: to 10 ft.
plant sale text:
bloom table text:
description: Perennial with inconspicuous flowers, growing in cascading masses in branches of trees, especially in swamps, but elsewhere where air humidity is high enough.
stems: Stems silvery-gray, string-like, covered with gray scales.
leaves: Leaves alternate, linear and curling, to 1½ in. long; mostly indistinguishable from stems.
inflorescence:
flowers: Flowers solitary on short stems from leaf axils, green to yellowish-green, about 1/3 in. long, tubular but with 3 spreading, oblong-lance-shaped petals.
fruits: Fruit a tan, 3-lobed capsule containing plumed seeds.
comments: Not parasitic; uses trees as support and absorbs water and some nutrients from air but also photosynthesizes.
cultural notes:
germination code:
native range: southeastern United States & Mexico to South America
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