| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brassicaceae | ×Brassarda | A monotypic nothogenus, an annual herb, a hybrid of Brassica and Mutarda. | |||
| Brassicaceae | ×Brassarda juncea | Leaf Mustard, Brown Mustard, Indian Mustard, Mustard Greens, Chinese Mustard | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Gardner, Rob |
| Brassicaceae | Abdra | Draba |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Abdra aprica | Flatrock Draba, Open-ground Whitlow-grass, Sun-loving Draba, Granite Whitlow-wort | Shallow soils around and under Juniperus virginiana on shallow soils over granite, amphibolite or other mafic rocks, or calcareous shales. | Ozark Highlands of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma; disjunct on granitic flatrocks in South Carolina and Georgia. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Abdra brachycarpa | Shortpod Draba | Granitic flatrocks, open places (fields, roadsides, woodland margins, disturbed areas). | Virginia west to Indiana and Kansas, south to Florida and Texas. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Alliaria | Garlic Mustard |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Alliaria petiolata | Garlic Mustard, Hedge Garlic | Moist forests in bottomlands and on slopes. | Native of Europe and w. Asia. This species has become a noxious weed in ne. United States, invading undisturbed moist forests. Fernald (1950) describes it as "roadsides, open woods, and near habitations, local". Dhillion & Anderson (1999) report on physiological characteristics that make Alliaria a successful invader in shaded situations. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Alyssum | Alyssum, Madwort |  (c) rainerburkard - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Alyssum alyssoides | Yellow Alyssum | Roadsides, disturbed areas, especially in dry, barren soil. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Hacker, Patrick - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Arabidopsis | Mouse-ear Cress |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. lyrata | Lyreleaf Rockcress, Dwarf Rockcress, Sandcress | Rock crevices in or thin soil around calcareous or mafic rock outcrops. | The species is widespread in n. North America and e. Asia, south in e. North America to North Carolina, e. Tennessee, and n. Georgia; ssp. lyrata is strictly North American, from New York west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Georgia (?), Tennessee, Mississippi, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. The Georgia record is an old and indefinite collection ("northern Georgia") by Vasey. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Arabidopsis thaliana | Mouse-ear Cress, Thal-cress | Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides, lawns. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Arabis | Rockcress |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Arabis adpressipilis | Slender Rockcress, Hairy Rockcress | Thin soils near outcrops of mafic or other rock weathering to nutrient-rich soils. | Ohio to Illinois, south to c. Tennessee and Arkansas; disjunct east of the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Arabis caucasica | Wall Rockcress, Gray Rockcress | Cultivated, possibly persistent (not definitely documented for our area). | Introduced in Kentucky and Tennessee (Kartesz 1999, 2010) and Illinois (Mohlenbrock 2014); perhaps not naturalized and merely collected from gardens or weakly spreading. | |
| Brassicaceae | Arabis georgiana | Georgia Rockcress | Nutrient-rich streambanks and rock outcrops. | Endemic to n. and sw. Georgia and c. Alabama | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Arabis patens | Spreading Rockcress | Thin soils around calcareous or dolomitic outcrops, very rarely in nutrient-rich seepage from mafic rocks. | Irregularly distributed, primarily in the sedimentary rock Appalachians, from se. Pennsylvania, c. Pennsylvania, and Indiana south to North Carolina, e. Tennessee, and Alabama. In North Carolina, this species occurs over marble at Blowing Spring, Nantahala River Gorge, Swain County, at various sites over calcareous sedimentary rocks in the Hot Springs Window, near Hot Springs, Madison County, and in nutrient-rich seepage from amphibolite at Chimney Rock, Rutherford County. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Arabis pycnocarpa | Slender Rockcress | Thin soils near outcrops of calcareous soils. | Québec west to Alaska, south to e. and sw. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Block 2007), c. Kentucky (J. Campbell, pers.comm.), Arkansas, and Arizona, primarily west of the Blue Ridge. Reports of this taxon from Georgia (Fernald 1950, Kartesz 1999, Hopkins 1937) are based on material collected by A.W. Chapman near Rome, and later described as Arabis georgiana. See discussion under A. adpressipilis. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Armoracia | Horseradish |  (c) Marcum, Paul | ||
| Brassicaceae | Armoracia rusticana | Horseradish | Persistent after cultivation in meadows, roadsides, streambanks, sometimes spreading (generally only very locally, but sometimes greater distances, probably by water transport of rhizomes). | Native of e. Europe. |  (c) B, Mike - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Aurinia |  (c) Martin, Gilles San - CC-BY-SA | |||
| Brassicaceae | Aurinia saxatilis ssp. saxatilis | Basket-of-gold, Goldentuft | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Martin, Gilles San - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Barbarea | Winter-cress, Creasy Greens |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Brassicaceae | Barbarea stricta | ||||
| Brassicaceae | Barbarea verna | Early Winter-cress | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Barbarea vulgaris | Common Winter-cress, Yellow Rocket | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Berteroa | Hoary Alyssum |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Berteroa incana | Hoary Alyssum | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Boechera | Rockcress |  (c) McCrady, Wendy - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Boechera drummondii | Canada Rockcress | Basic cliffs and rocky woodlands. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) and Alaska south to New Jersey, Delaware, n. Ohio, Illinois, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. |  (c) Gobble, Darrin - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia | Rock-cress |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia burkii | Burk's Smooth Rockcress | Limestone barrens, shale barrens, and other dry, rocky habitats. | E. and c. Pennsylvania south to e. West Virginia, ne. Tennessee, and w. North Carolina in the sedimentary rock Appalachians. Radford, Ahles, & Bell (1968) attributed this plant (as Arabis laevigata var. burkii) to North Carolina based on somewhat aberrant specimens from high elevation cove forests; these are better assigned to B. laevigata. Hopkins (1937), however, cites a specimen from Hot Springs, Madison County, North Carolina, an area with plausible habitats (dry sedimentary rock woodlands, shale barrens). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia canadensis | Sicklepod, Canada Rockcress | Thin soils around rock outcrops, especially mafic or calcareous, and in dry to mesic, nutrient-rich, often rocky woodlands over mafic or calcareous rocks. | Québec and North Dakota south to Panhandle Florida and Texas. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia dentata | Nutrient-rich alluvial and river bluff forests. | New York west to Minnesota and South Dakota, south to n. Virginia (along the Potomac River), nc. Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), and Arkansas. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia laevigata | Common Smooth Rockcress | Rocky woodlands and forests, rock outcrops, especially mafic or calcareous, but also on more acidic substrates, rarely also in bottomlands. | Maine west to Minnesota and South Dakota, south to Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia missouriensis | Missouri Rockcress | Thin soil around outcrops of metamudstone, diabase, or granite (generally on ultramafic, mafic, or 'rich granitic' substrates). | Maine to Wisconsin, south to Pennsylvania. nw. Ohio, n. Indiana, and n. Illinois; s. Ilwest through Missouri to Arkansas and e. Oklahoma; disjunct eastward in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The distribution of this species is odd and fragmented. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia perstellata | Calcareous bluffs. | Apparently endemic to Kentucky and c. Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). |  (c) Littlefield, Tara Rose - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Brassicaceae | Borodinia serotina | Shale Barren Rockcress | Shale barrens. | Endemic to Devonian and Ordovician shales of w. Virginia and e. West Virginia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Brassica | Mustard, Turnip, Rape, Cabbage, Collard Greens, Kale, Broccoli, |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Brassicaceae | Brassica napus | Rutabaga, Rape, Canola, Colza, Swede | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Brassica oleracea | Cabbage, Kale, Cauliflower, Broccoli | Fields, gardens, disturbed areas, sometimes weakly persistent from cultivation. | Native of Eurasia. Commonly cultivated in our area in fields and gardens in a variety of forms. |  (c) Gardner, Rob |
| Brassicaceae | Brassica rapa | Turnip, Bird's-rape, Field Rape, Field Mustard, Bok-choy, Chinese Cabbage | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Brassicaceae | Mustard Family |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Braya |  (c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |||
| Brassicaceae | Braya humilis ssp. humilis | Alpine Northern-rockcress | Pasture. | Native of boreal and arctic North America and Asia. | (c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Bunias | Warty-cabbage |  (c) Berg, Christian - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Bunias erucago | Southern Warty-cabbage | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Berg, Christian - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Bunias orientalis | Warty-cabbage, Turkish Rocket | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Greiner, Elliot - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Cakile | Sea Rocket, Sea Kale |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Cakile constricta | Gulf Coast Sea-rocket | Beaches, coastal sands. | Panhandle Florida west to Texas. |  (c) Offner, Tia - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Cakile edentula | Northeastern Sea-rocket | Beaches and lower dunes, at or near the wrack line; rarely as a railroad waif. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) south to North Carolina; also introduced around the shores of the Great Lakes and on various other shores around the world, including w. North America and Australia. |  (c) Dakar, Jacob |
| Brassicaceae | Cakile geniculata | Gulf Coast Sea-rocket | Beaches and shores. | S. Mississippi, s. Louisiana, coastal Texas, south to Tamaulipas and Veracruz. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Brassicaceae | Cakile harperi | Southeastern Sea-rocket | Beaches and lower dunes, at or near the wrack line. | A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: e. North Carolina south to the east coast of c. peninsular Florida. |  (c) Powell, Eric M - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Cakile lacustris | Great Lakes Sea-rocket | Lake beaches. | Shores of the Great Lakes (Ontario, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, New York, n. Ohio, nw. Pennsylvania, Wisconsin). |  (c) Maslov, Sergei - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Cakile lanceolata ssp. fusiformis | Beaches. | Peninsular Florida; Louisiana; Mexico (Yucatán and Quintana Roo) and Central America (Belize). There seems to be no basis for the suggestion that this species is not native in Florida. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Cakile lanceolata ssp. lanceolata | Southern Sea-rocket, Porkbush, 'Gardena' | Beaches. | S. Florida; West Indies; Mexico through Central America to n. South America. |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Brassicaceae | Cakile lanceolata ssp. pseudoconstricta | Beaches, coastal sands. | Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Tamaulipas. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Cakile maritima ssp. maritima | European Sea-rocket | Beaches, at or near the wrack line. | Native of Europe. The North Carolina location was on ballast at Wilmington, and is apparently not persistent; locations in Virginia and northwards are well-established. |  (c) Phelan, Lorraine - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Calepina | Ball Mustard |  (c) Shaw, Joey | ||
| Brassicaceae | Calepina irregularis | White Ball Mustard | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia. Reported for e. Maryland by Knapp et al. (2011). |  (c) Шатрова, Татьяна - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Camelina | Gold-of-pleasure, False-flax |  (c) Hacker, Patrick - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Camelina microcarpa | Lesser Gold-of-pleasure, Littlepod | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Митрошенкова, Анна - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Camelina rumelica | White-of-pleasure | Fields, along railroads. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Berger, Matt - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Camelina sativa | Gold-of-pleasure, False-flax | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Hacker, Patrick - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Capsella | Shepherd's Purse |  (c) Danielson, Erik | ||
| Brassicaceae | Capsella ×gracilis | Hybrid Shepherd's-purse | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. Reported for se. Virginia by Fernald (1950). | |
| Brassicaceae | Capsella bursa-pastoris | Common Shepherd's Purse | Fields, roadsides, gardens, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Capsella rubella | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe, w. Asia, and n. Africa. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine | Bittercress, Toothwort |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine angustata | Eastern Slender Toothwort | Rich, mesic forests. | New Jersey and Indiana south to n. Georgia, c. Tennessee, and ne. Mississippi. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine bulbosa | Bulbous Bittercress | Swampy forests and bogs, primarily (but not strictly) in circumneutral soils over limestone or mafic rocks. | Maine west to Manitoba, south to Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine clematitis | Mountain Bittercress | Shaded brookbanks, rock outcrops with seepage, at high elevations (1200m and above). | Endemic to the high elevation Southern Appalachians of w. North Carolina, e. Tennessee, sw. Virginia, and ne. Georgia (Brasstown Bald). A report for South Carolina (Gaddy et al. 1984) is erroneous, based on material of C. flagellifera (Gaddy 2014). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine concatenata | Cutleaf Toothwort | Rich, mesic forests. | Maine, Québec and Minnesota south to Florida Panhandle, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. |  (c) Stuart, Will |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine dentata | American Cuckoo-flower, Lady's-smock, White Cuckoo-flower | Seeps, bogs, and swamps. | Nova Scotia and Québec west to Manitoba, south to New Jersey, Virginia, and Ohio. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine diphylla | Crinkleroot, Toothwort, Turkey Mustard | Rich, mesic forests. | New Brunswick west to Minnesota, south to n. Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama. | (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine dissecta | Dissected Toothwort | Rich, mesic forests. | C. Ohio and s. Indiana south through c. Kentucky and c. and e. Tennessee to nw. Georgia, c. Alabama, and extreme nw. Mississippi; disjunct east of the Blue Ridge in sc. Virginia and c. North Carolina. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine douglassii | Purple Cress, Limestone Bittercress, Douglass's Bittercress, Pink Spring-cress | Nutrient-rich, mesic forests, especially alluvial bottomlands, and in nutrient-rich seepages. | New York, Ontario, and Minnesota south to c. North Carolina (in the drainages of the Neuse, Meherrin, and rarely Cape Fear rivers), sc. Tennessee, Alabama, and Missouri. Reports for South Carolina are based on misidentification of C. bulbosa. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine flagellifera | Large-flowered Blue Ridge Bittercress | In seepages, on streambanks, and in moist cove or bottomland forests, mainly at moderate to low elevations. | C. flagellifera is endemic to the Southern Appalachians of w. North Carolina, South Carolina, e. Tennessee, Georgia, Virginia, and West Virginia. |  (c) Weakley, Alan - CC0 |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine flexuosa | Woodland Bittercress | Disturbed sites. | Native of Europe. | |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine hirsuta | Hairy Bittercress | Disturbed areas, including fields and gardens. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine impatiens | Narrowleaf Bittercress, Bushy Bittercress | Alluvial floodplains (in NC, VA, and WV, notably in the New River drainage). | Native of Europe. See Poindexter (2006). Reported for Maryland (Knapp et al. 2011). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine longii | Long's Bittercress | Tidal freshwater marshes and cypress-gum swamps. | Coastal in distribution, irregularly from Maine south to North Carolina and South Carolina (or Florida?). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine maxima | Large Toothwort | Moist forests. | New Brunswick, Ontario, and Michigan south to New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Ohio. Reports from West Virginia and Kentucky are misidentifications. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine micranthera | Streambank Bittercress, Small-anthered Bittercress | Sand and gravel bars in creeks, swampy floodplain woods, seepage over rocks. | A narrow endemic, known only from Stokes County, North Carolina and Patrick County, Virginia, and apparently extirpated from Forsyth County, North Carolina |  © Jennifer Stanley |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine occulta | Hidden Bittercress | Disturbed areas. | Native of e. Asia. |  (c) Marcial, Neptalí Ramírez - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola | Sand Bittercress | Various habitats, primarily seasonally wet areas with shallow soil or sand, also on mafic outcrop glades, as on greenstone, diabase, and nutrient-rich granites. | The typic variety is Eurasian; our variety is widespread in e. North America, also occurring in the Pacific Northwest. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine pensylvanica | Quaker Bittercress | Various wet habitats, especially swampy depressions, streambanks, small woodland seeps. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland), Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador), Northwest Territories, and Alaska south to Florida, Texas, and California. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine pratensis | Pink Cuckoo-flower | Wetlands. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Armstrong, Ben - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine rotundifolia | American Bittercress, Mountain Watercress | Seeps, streambanks, swampy depressions, sand and gravel bars in creeks. | A Central/Southern Appalachian endemic: n. Delaware, Pennsylvania, and w. New York, west to Ohio and Kentucky, south to w. North Carolina (records from n. Georgia are misidentified). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine species 1 | Ouachita Toothwort | Mesic forests, especially stream terraces and slopes over novaculite but also shale in the Athens Plateau. | Endemic to Ouachita Mountains. |  © Paul Barnard |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine species 2 | Arkansas Dissected Toothwort | Moist forests. | Endemic to Arkansas. |  © Paul Barnard |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine species 3 [=furcata] | Alabama Forked Toothwort | Moist forests. | Endemic to sc. Alabama (near Tuscaloosa). | |
| Brassicaceae | Chorispora | Chorispora |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Chorispora tenella | Chorispora, Blue Mustard | Disturbed areas. | Native of w. Asia. Well established in the w. United States, and occurs at scattered locations eastward, as in c. and w. Tennessee (Tennessee Flora Committee 2015; Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) and s. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Block 2007). | |
| Brassicaceae | Coincya | Wallflower-cabbage, Coincya |  (c) Radford, Ahles and Bell | ||
| Brassicaceae | Coincya monensis ssp. cheiranthos | Wallflower-cabbage, Coincya | Roadsides. | Native of Eurasia. Rollins (1961) discussed the occurrence of this species in w. North Carolina. Poindexter & Murrell (2011) reported the first occurrence for Virginia. See Naczi & Thieret (1996) for an excellent discussion of this species’ occurrence in North America. | |
| Brassicaceae | Conringia | Hare's-ear Mustard |  (c) Reala, Matt - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Brassicaceae | Conringia orientalis | Hare's-ear Mustard, Treacle Mustard | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Reala, Matt - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Descurainia | Tansy-mustard, Flixweed |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpa | Northeastern Tansy-mustard | Dry rocky openings and woodlands. | Québec west to Northwest Territories, south to Virginia, Tennessee, and Texas; introduced in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Descurainia pinnata ssp. halictorum | Southwestern Tansy-mustard | Open areas. | Sw. Arkansas and Oklahoma west to California, south to n. Mexico. | |
| Brassicaceae | Descurainia pinnata ssp. intermedia | Waste areas near wool-combing mills. | Native of w. North America. Also reported for West Virginia (Kartesz 1999). | ||
| Brassicaceae | Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata | Southeastern Tansy-mustard | Open sandy areas, especially roadsides. | E. North Carolina south to Florida, west to Texas. Reported for Delaware, where considered non-native, by Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp (2016). |  (c) Parisi, River - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Descurainia sophia | Herb Sophia, Flixweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Carnahan, Sue - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Dimorphocarpa |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | |||
| Brassicaceae | Dimorphocarpa candicans | Spectacle-pod | Sand dunes, sandy prairies. | Sc. Kansas, Oklahoma, and ne. New Mexico south to c. and w. Texas. | (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Brassicaceae | Diplotaxis | Wall-rocket |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Brassicaceae | Diplotaxis erucoides | White Wall-Rocket | A waif on ballast. | Native of the Mediterranean region and w. Asia. |  (c) Schulz, Katja - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Diplotaxis muralis | Annual Wall-rocket, Sand-rocket, Stinking Wall-rocket | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. The report of this species for North Carolina by Ahles & Radford (1959) was based on a misidentification of Coincya muralis (Naczi & Thieret 1996). | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Diplotaxis siifolia | Waif on ore piles. | Native of w. Mediterranean Europe and nw. Africa. |  (c) Miguel, Vicente - CC-BY | |
| Brassicaceae | Diplotaxis tenuifolia | Perennial Wall-Rocket, Flixweed | Disturbed areas, ballast. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Greiner, Elliot - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Draba | Draba, Whitlow-grass |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Draba ramosissima | Rocktwist, Appalachian Draba | In crevices of rock outcrops, or in dry talus slopes, over a variety of rock types (including limestone, dolostone, schist, gneiss, shale). | W. Maryland and e. West Virginia south through w. Virginia and nc. Kentucky south to w. North Carolina, e. and c. Tennessee, and n. Alabama. The Alabama occurrence (Marshall County) was reported by Dattilo & Keener (2017). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Draba verna | Whitlow-grass | Disturbed areas, especially in dry, barren soils, including granitic flatrocks. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Eruca | Rocket-salad, Arugula |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Brassicaceae | Eruca sativa | Garden Rocket, Rocket-salad, Arugula | Cultivated as a salad green, persistent around gardens or occurring as a waif. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Erucastrum | Dog-mustard |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Brassicaceae | Erucastrum gallicum | Dog-mustard, Rocket-weed, French Rocket | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Luken, Thieret, and Kartesz (1993) discussed the introduction and spread of E. gallicum in North America. While only weakly naturalized in our region, E. gallicum seems likely to increase in abundance. The report of Brassica erucastrum for North Carolina in RAB is apparently based on material of Coincya muralis (Naczi & Thieret (1996). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum | Wallflower, Treacle Mustard |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum asperum | Prairie Wallflower | Prairies, limestone outcrops. | Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta south to Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum | Western Wallflower | Shale barrens and shale woodlands, limestone bluffs and calcareous rocky woodlands. | Montana and British Columbia south to w. Texas, California, and Mexico; disjunct eastwards in Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, Illinois, etc. Though most floras (including C, F, and G) state or give the impression that Erysimum is not native east of Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas ("rarely adventive farther east along railroads"), this taxon is native and relictual in w. Virginia (Alleghany and Bath counties), e. West Virginia (Grant and Pendleton counties), ec. Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), and c. Kentucky (Campbell 2013). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum cheiranthoides | Wormseed Mustard, Wormseed Wallflower | Fields, gardens, roadsides, along railroads, other disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia (or sometimes alleged to be circumboreal and native in n. North America). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum cheiri | Aegean Wallflower | Grown horticulturally, sometimes persistent or spreading near plantings. | Native of s. Europe. |  (c) Pintó, Laia - CC-BY-NC |
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum inconspicuum | Shy Wallflower, Small Wormseed Mustard | Disturbed soils, especially over calcareous rocks. | Native of w. North America. Nova Scotia, Québec, Yukon Territory, and Alaska, south to Pennsylvania, s. Ohio, c. Indiana, s. Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Oregon. |  (c) fotojunkie8 - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum repandum | Treacle Mustard, Bushy Wallflower | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Faccenda, Kevin - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Erysimum virgatum | European Wallflower | Dry, rocky banks. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Hacker, Patrick - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Hesperis | Dame's Rocket |  (c) Danielson, Erik | ||
| Brassicaceae | Hesperis matronalis | Dame's Rocket, Dame's Violet | Bottomlands, roadsides, moist forests. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Iberis | Candytuft |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Iberis amara | Annual Candytuft | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Reported from Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky (Kartesz 1999). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Iberis saxatilis | Reported for Carbon County, Pennsylvania (Kartesz 2023). | |||
| Brassicaceae | Iberis sempervirens | Evergreen Candytuft, Perennial Candytuft | Persistent near plantings. | Native of Mediterranean Europe, w. Asia, and n. Africa. Reported for North Carolina and Tennessee by Kartesz (1999), but the specimens he cites are barely if at all naturalized. |  (c) Romaine, Luke - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Iberis umbellata | Globe Candytuft | Fields, roadsides. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Semmling, Bonnie - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Iodanthus | Purple Rocket |  (c) Marcum, Paul | ||
| Brassicaceae | Iodanthus pinnatifidus | Purple Rocket | Rich forests of bottomlands and lower slopes, bottomland fields. | W. Pennsylvania west to Minnesota and Iowa, south through West Virginia and e. and c. Tennessee to Alabama and e. and se. Texas. | (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Brassicaceae | Isatis | Woad |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Isatis tinctoria | Woad | Fields, roadsides, other disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. Formerly cultivated as an important source of a blue dye. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia | Glade Cress |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia alabamica var. alabamica | Limestone glades. | Endemic to n. Alabama (Colbert, Franklin, and Lawrence counties). |  (c) Finzel, Brian - CC-BY-SA | |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia alabamica var. brachystyla | Limestone glades, other calcareous sites. | Endemic to n. Alabama (Colbert, Franklin and Morgan counties). | ||
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia aurea | Golden Gladecress | Endemic to e. Oklahoma. |  (c) Barksdale, Gus - CC-BY-NC-ND | |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia crassa var. crassa | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous soils nearby. | Endemic to n. Alabama (Lawrence and Morgan counties). |  (c) J. Kevin, England - C, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia crassa var. elongata | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous soils nearby. | Endemic to n. Alabama (Morgan County). |  © NYBG Herbarium staff | |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia exigua var. exigua | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous sites nearby. | Endemic to the Central Basin of c. Tennessee (8 counties) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), western Highland Rim (Decatur and Perry counties), and the Ridge and Valley of nw. Georgia (Walker and Catoosa counties). |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia exigua var. laciniata | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous sites nearby. | Endemic to the Western Highland Rim and w. Knobs of c. Kentucky (Bullitt and Jefferson counties). |  (c) Littlefield, Tara Rose - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia exigua var. lutea | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous sites nearby. | Endemic to the Central Basin of n. Alabama (Jefferson County) and c. Tennessee (Bedford and Maury counties) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia stylosa | Cedar Gladecress | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous sites nearby. | Endemic to the Central Basin of c. Tennessee (Sumner, Smith, Wilson, Davidson, Rutherford, Bedford, and Maury counties) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia texana | Texas Golden Gladecress | Limestone glades. | Endemic to e. Texas (Nacogdoches, Sabine, and San Augustine counties). |  © Adam Black |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia torulosa | Necklace Gladecress | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous sites nearby (fields). | Endemic to the Central Basin of c. Tennessee (10 counties), the Ridge and Valley of e. Tennessee (Bradley and Meigs counties), the Western Highland Rim of Kentucky (Logan, Simpson, Todd, and Warren counties), n. Alabama (Madison County), and reported form Missouri (possibly based on an herbarium mounting/labeling error). Recently reported from n. Alabama by Keener et al. (2024), apparently a recent accidental reintroduction from crushed limestone used in construction. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Leavenworthia uniflora | Limestone glades, disturbed calcareous sites nearby (fields). | Endemic to the Central Basin of c. Tennessee (8 counties), the Ridge and Valley of e. Tennessee (Hamilton, Meigs, Bledsoe, and Knox counties), nw. Georgia (Walker and Murray counties), c. Kentucky (15 counties), and the Interior Highlands of Missouri and n. Arkansas. Reported from a church parking lot in Shenandoah County, Virginia (Domague & McMullen 2013). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium | Pepperwort, Peppergrass, Pepperweed |  (c) Gwaltney, John | ||
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium africanum | African Pepperwort | Waif around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC, with little evidence that it is established in our area. | Native of s. Africa. |  (c) Rebelo, Tony - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium alyssoides |  (c) Lindqvist, Annika - CC-BY | |||
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium appelianum | White-top | Disturbed areas. | Native of central Asia. |  (c) Magsar, Urgamal - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium austrinum | Southern Pepperwort | Sandy or loamy open areas, disturbed areas; eastwards as a waif around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC. | Mississippi, se. Kansas, and New Mexico south through Louisiana, and Texas to Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). Also reported from Mississippi (Bryson 1991, FNA). |  (c) Kieschnick, Sam - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium bonariense | Argentinian Pepperwort | Waif around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC and on ballast at Savannah, with little evidence that it is established in our area. | Native of South America. |  (c) Thorpe, Stephen - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium campestre | Field Pepperwort, Cow Cress, Field Cress | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Gwaltney, John |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium chalepense | Lens-Pod Pepperwort | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium coronopus | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Butler, Joe Potter - CC-BY | |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium densiflorum | Prairie Pepperweed, Green-flowered Peppergrass | Prairies, glades, disturbed areas. | The original distribution difficult to reconstruct, perhaps Alberta west to Alaska, south to Texas, California, and Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Tamaulipas); now much more widespread. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium didymum | Wart-cress, Lesser Swine-cress | Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Native of South America. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium draba | Hoary Cress | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. Reported for Virginia by Harvill et al. (1992) |  (c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium graminifolium | Grassleaf Pepperwort, Tall Pepperwort | Disturbed areas, especially on ballast. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. |  (c) Barnola, Pere - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium heterophyllum | Purple-anther Pepperweed, Smith's Pepperwort | Waif on ballast. | Native of w. Europe. |  (c) Keen, Ben - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium hyssopifolium | Waif on ore piles. | Native of Australia. |  (c) reinderw - CC-BY-NC | |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium lasiocarpum var. lasiocarpum | Waif around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC, with little evidence that it is established in our area. | Native of sc. and sw. North America southwards. |  (c) Zharkikh, Andrey - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium lasiocarpum var. wrightii | Wright's Pepperwort | Open areas. | S, Texas, w. Texas, s. New Mexico, and s. Arizona south to Mexico. |  (c) Northup, Alison - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium latifolium | Dittander | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) scrofa, Sus - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium oblongum | Veiny Peppergrass | Fields and roadsides, also as a waif around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC. | Native of sc. and sw. North America south through Mexico to Central America (perhaps native in the western portions of our area). Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Oregon south to Texas, Mexico, and Central America. Reported for Maryland (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016). Reported for s. Indiana by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022). Reported for New Jersey (Schmidt 2023). |  (c) Northup, Alison - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium perfoliatum | Perfoliate Pepperwort, Clasping Pepperweed, Shieldcress | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Blanco, Diego - CC0 |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium ramosissimum | Bushy Pepperweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of w. North America. |  (c) Lavin, Matt - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium ruderale | Narrowleaf Pepperwort, Stinking Pepperweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Aaron, Nathan |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium sativum | Garden Cress | Disturbed areas. | Reported for scattered locations in sc. and se. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Block 2007) and Virginia (K, based on Massey 1961). |  (c) Valke, Dinesh - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium schinzii | Waif around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC, with little evidence of establishment. | Native of South Africa. |  (c) Laidler, Gigi - CC-BY-NC | |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium virginicum var. menziesii | Menzies's Poor Man's Pepper | Disturbed areas. | Oklahoma, Colorado, Montana, and British Columbia south to s. Texas, s. New Mexico, s. Arizona, s. California, and Mexico. |  (c) Gentilcore, Dominic - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium virginicum var. virginicum | Poor Man's Pepper, Cresson (frc) | Disturbed areas. | L. virginicum var. virginicum is widespread in e. and c. North America; also introduced in various places elsewhere in the world. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Lobularia | Sweet Alyssum |  (c) Campos, Aidan | ||
| Brassicaceae | Lobularia maritima | Sweet Alyssum, Sweet Alison, Alyssum | Disturbed areas, lawns. | Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa. The North Carolina occurrences are doubtfully established, from gardens and a "lawn". |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Brassicaceae | Lunaria | Honesty |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Brassicaceae | Lunaria annua | Annual Honesty, Silver-dollar | Escaped from cultivation around gardens, naturalizing in floodplains in suburban areas. | Native of se. Europe. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Lunaria rediviva | Perennial Honesty | Cultivated ornamental, perhaps persistent around gardens. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Лебединский, Сергей - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Matthiola | Stock |  (c) Irene - CC0 | ||
| Brassicaceae | Matthiola incana | Hoary Stock, Gilliflower, Ten-weeks Stock | Disturbed dunes, sandy fields, vacant lots. | Native of Europe. Reported for the Buxton area, Dare County, North Carolina, by Burk (1961). | (c) Irene - CC0 |
| Brassicaceae | Matthiola longipetala | Eveningstock, Night-scented Stock, Gilliflower | Disturbed area, fields. | Native of Mediterranean Europe, w. Asia, and n. Africa. |  (c) Stringham, Rachel - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Mostacillastrum |  (c) Santore, Joey - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |||
| Brassicaceae | Mostacillastrum vaseyi | Arroyo bottoms. | S. Texas (Cameron County) and Tamaulipas. |  (c) Santore, Joey - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Brassicaceae | Mummenhoffia |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |||
| Brassicaceae | Mummenhoffia alliacea | Garlic Pennycress, Roadside Pennycress | Fields, disturbed areas, roadsides. | Native of Europe. This alien is spreading very aggressively along roadsides and into fields in some parts of our area (Cusick 2015; Thompson et al. 2013). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Mutarda | ||||
| Brassicaceae | Mutarda arvensis | Charlock, Crunchweed, Wild Mustard, Corn Charlock | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Wrens, Sequoia Janirella - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Mutarda nigra | Black Mustard, Charlock | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Myagrum |  (c) saltyhiker - CC-BY | |||
| Brassicaceae | Myagrum perfoliatum | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia. Reported for Virginia (FNA); the basis of this report is unknown. | (c) saltyhiker - CC-BY | |
| Brassicaceae | Nasturtium | Watercress |  (c) Gwaltney, John | ||
| Brassicaceae | Nasturtium floridanum | Florida Watercress | Spring runs, blackwater bottomlands. | Ne. Florida and e. Panhandle Florida south to s. Florida; endemic to Florida, but north to counties adjacent to se. Georgia |  (c) Powell, Eric M - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Nasturtium microphyllum | Narrow-fruited Watercress | Streams, springs. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Perrie, Leon - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Nasturtium officinale | Watercress | Streams, springs, seepages. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Gwaltney, John |
| Brassicaceae | Nerisyrenia |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | |||
| Brassicaceae | Nerisyrenia camporum | Bicolored Fan-Mustard | Dry areas, washes. | S. Texas west to New Mexico, south into n. Mexico (7 states). | (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Brassicaceae | Neslia |  (c) Bochkov, Dmitriy - CC-BY | |||
| Brassicaceae | Neslia paniculata | Yellow Ball-mustard | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and Asia. |  (c) Lamb, Eric - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Noccaea |  (c) Catto, Caleb - CC-BY | |||
| Brassicaceae | Noccaea perfoliata | Perfoliate Pennycress, Thoroughwort Pennycress | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Catto, Caleb - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Orychophragmus | Purple-mistress |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Orychophragmus violaceus | Purple-mistress | Railroad rights-of-way, other disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa. Introduced and apparently well established in and around Richmond, Virginia; originally reported as Moricandia arvensis (Rollins 1993), a misidentification. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia | Bladderpod |  (c) Finzel, Brian - CC-BY-SA | ||
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia auriculata | Plains Eared Bladderpod | Dry prairies, disturbed areas. | Sc. Kansas south to e. Texas. | |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia densipila | Duck River Bladderpod | Calcareous glades, sometimes in fields and bottomlands. | Endemic to an area from c. Tennessee south to n. Alabama. |  © Kevin England |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia grandiflora | Bigflower Bladderpod | Sandy areas. | C. and s. Texas. |  (c) McLaurin, Lauren - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia lasiocarpa ssp. berlandieri | Berlandier's Eared Bladdrpod | Clay soils. | S. Texas and ne. Mexico. | |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia lasiocarpa ssp. lasiocarpa | Rough-pod Eared Bladderpod | Sandy, gravelly, and/or disturbed area. | S. Texas south to Mexico. | |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia lescurii | Lesquereux’s Bladderpod | Calcareous glades, fields, bottomlands. | Endemic to an area from sc. Kentucky south through c. Tennessee. Report of the species from Alabama appear to be in error (see Chester 2017). |  (c) Finzel, Brian - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia lyrata | Lyreleaf Bladderpod | Calcareous glades. | Endemic to Colbert, Franklin, and Lawrence counties, Alabama. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia perforata | Spring Creek Bladderpod | Calcareous glades, fields, pastures. | Endemic to Rutherford and Wilson counties, Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). | (c) Finzel, Brian - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Paysonia stonensis | Stones River Bladderpod | Floodplains, fields, pastures. | Endemic to Rutherford County, Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). |  (c) Finzel, Brian - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Phravenia |  (c) Knight, Eric - CC-BY | |||
| Brassicaceae | Phravenia viereckii | Brushlands. | S. Texas south to Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas). | (c) Knight, Eric - CC-BY | |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY | |||
| Brassicaceae | Physaria angustifolia | Threadleaf Bladderpod | Shallow soils over limestone, disturbed areas. | Se. Oklahoma and ne. Texas. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria argyraea ssp. argyraea | Silver Bladderpod | Sandy and calcareous open sites. | Ec. Texas and w. Texas south through s. Texas to ne. Mexico. | |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria densiflora | Dense-flower Bladderpod | Sandy or calcareous, gravelly areas. | Sw. Oklahoma south to se. and sc. Texas. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria engelmannii | Engelmann's Bladderpod | Rocky limestone slopes. | Sc. Oklahoma south to sc. Texas. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria fendleri | Fendler's Bladderpod, Popweed | Open sandy or rocky areas (especially calcareous), roadsides. | Sw. Kansas, Colorado, and s. Utah south to c. and s. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. | (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria filiformis | Missouri Bladderpod | Calcareous glades. | Ozark endemic, in sw. Missouri and n. Arkansas; reported for Alabama (FNA), apparently erroneously (Yatskievych, 2010, pers. comm.). |  (c) Ogle, Jennifer - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria globosa | Globe Bladderpod | Calcareous glades, ledges, shaly areas. | Endemic to an area from Posey County, Indiana and allegedly also s. Ohio south through c. Kentucky to c. Tennessee. |  (c) Kees, John - CC0 |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria gordonii | Gordon's Bladderpod | Sandy and gravelly open areas; eastwards adventive on a shaly roadbank in VA (Virginia Botanical Associates 2022). | Kansas, New Mexico, and Arizona south to c. and s. Texas and Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Sonora). |  (c) Jaxon - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria gracilis ssp. gracilis | Spreading Bladderpod | Prairies, roadsides, old fields. | Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri, and Oklahoma south to Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria gracilis ssp. nuttallii | Nuttall's Bladderpod | Prairies, pastures, and this soils of limestone outcrops. | E. Nebraska south through e. Kansas to Oklahoma and ne. Texas. | |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria lindheimeri | Lindheimer's Bladderpod | "In light soil". | E. Texas, south to ne. Mexico. |  (c) Wrens, Sequoia Janirella - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria ovalifolia ssp. alba | On limestone and gyp substrates, rocky or gravelly prairies or outcrops. | Oklahoma and nc. Kansas. |  (c) Rudman, Christine - CC0 | |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria ovalifolia ssp. ovalifolia | Roundleaf Bladderpod | On limestone and gyp substrates, rocky or gravelly prairies or outcrops. | Nebraska and Colorado south through Oklahoma to ne. Texas and New Mexico. |  (c) Koffel, Thomas - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria pallida | Glades and prairies on the Weches Formation. | E. Texas (San Augustine County). |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria recurvata | Slender Bladderpod | Limestone outcrops, gravelly calcareous prairies. | Nc. Texas south to sc. Texas. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Physaria sessilis | C. Texas, and more rarely se. Texas. | |||
| Brassicaceae | Planodes | Virginia-cress |  (c) Gwaltney, John | ||
| Brassicaceae | Planodes virginicum | Virginia-cress, Sibara | Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides; a native weed, presumably much more common now than formerly. | Virginia west to Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas, south to Florida and Texas; also in s. Arizona, California, and nw. Mexico; the original distribution uncertain. | (c) Gwaltney, John |
| Brassicaceae | Raphanus | Radish |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Brassicaceae | Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum | Wild Radish, Jointed Charlock, White Charlock | Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Raphanus sativus | Radish, Garden Radish | Persistent after cultivation or as a "throw-out". | Native of Mediterranean Europe. Cultivated for at least 5000 years. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Brassicaceae | Rapistrum | Bastard-cabbage |  (c) Campos, Aidan | ||
| Brassicaceae | Rapistrum rugosum | Annual Bastard-cabbage | Fields, disturbed areas, roadsides; waste areas around wool-combing mills (SC). | Native of Mediterranean Europe, w. Asia, and n. Africa. Naturalized at scattered sites in e. Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Klein 1993), and elsewhere. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Brassicaceae | Rhamphospermum |  (c) Wrens, Sequoia Janirella - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |||
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa | Yellow Cress, Marshcress |  (c) Morefield, Jim - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa ×anceps | ||||
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa amphibia | Great Yellowcress | On shores and marshes. | Native of Europe. | |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa aquatica | Lake Cress | Shallow water of swamps and lake and reservoir margins. | Vermont west to Minnesota, south to s. Georgia, Florida, and e. Texas, widely scattered and probably dispersed by waterfowl. |  (c) Gorrell, Jared - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa austriaca | Yellow Cress | Hay meadows, other disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Hacker, Patrick - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa curvipes | Bluntleaf Yellowcress | Wet meadows, shores of ponds and streams | Ontario, Michigan, and British Columbia south to s. Illinois, c. Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. |  (c) Morefield, Jim - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa dubia | Disturbed wet places. | Native of se. Asia. |  (c) Marcial, Neptalí Ramírez - CC-BY | |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa hispida | Marshcress | Moist soils. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) to Alaska, south to c. Virginia (Amelia County), Illinois, Nebraska, New Mexico, and n. California. Al-Shehbaz (1988a) considered reports of this taxon in the (deeper) Southeast to be misidentifications of var. fernaldiana. |  (c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa indica | Indian Yellow-cress | River banks and bars. | Native of se. Asia. Reported for Virginia (VBA, G. Fleming, pers. comm. 2009) where now apparently locally established and emerging outside of its original discovery (along the James River) eastward in the Rappahannock River (VBA, G. Fleming, pers. comm. 2025). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa palustris | Marshcress | Marshes, bogs, seeps. | Maine and New Brunswick west to Saskatchewan, south to Florida, Texas, Idaho, and n. South America; Old World. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa sessiliflora | Stalkless Marshcress | Wet places, marshes, swamps. | Maryland, West Virginia (Cusick 1994), Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, and Nebraska south to Panhandle Florida, s. Alabama, Louisiana, and c. Texas. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa sinuata | Spreading Yellow Cress | Riverbanks, pond margins. | C. and w. North America, east to Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, w. Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana. |  (c) Loarie, Don - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa sylvestris | Creeping Yellow Cress | Lawns, disturbed moist to wet soils. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa tenerrima | Bottomland forests and riverbanks; eastwards as a waif. | Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia south to w. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Mexico. |  (c) Zharkikh, Andrey - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Brassicaceae | Rorippa teres | Southern Marsh Yellowcress | Cypress-gum ponds, marshes, swamps, ditches, disturbed wet areas. | Se. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to se. Oklahoma, sw. Texas, and s. and w. Mexico (Sinaloa). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Brassicaceae | Selenia | Selenia |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Selenia aurea | Golden Selenia | Glades, rocky prairies, pastures, usually in seasonal (spring) seepage. | Sw. Missouri and se. Kansas south to Arkansas, e. Oklahoma, and ne. Texas. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Selenia grandis | Large Selenia | Seasonally wet clayey soils in open areas, floodplains, slightly saline flats, roadsides. | Endemic to s. Texas (Cameron, Dimmit, Hidalgo, La Salle, McMullen, Nueces and San Patricio counties). |  (c) Wilson, Mark - CC0 |
| Brassicaceae | Sinapis | Mustard |  (c) Jauch, Wolfgang - CC-BY | ||
| Brassicaceae | Sinapis alba ssp. alba | White Mustard, Yellow Mustard, White Charlock | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Jauch, Wolfgang - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium | Jim Hill Mustard |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium altissimum | Tumble Mustard, Jim Hill Mustard, Tall Hedge-mustard, Tall Rocket | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) KAnatoliy - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium irio | London-rocket | Fields, roadsides, other disturbed areas; eastwards in our region only as a waif, as around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC, on ballast, and in other disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Northup, Alison - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium loeselii | Tall Hedge Mustard | Disturbed areas, waif around wool-combing mills, and in other disturbed areas. | Native of e. Europe and w. Asia. |  (c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium officinale | Hedge Mustard | Fields, pastures, barnyards, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium orientale | Indian Hedge-mustard, Eastern Rocket | Waif at wool-combing mill, waif on ballast. | Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and w. Asia. |  (c) Basden, Millie - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium polyceratium | Waif on ballast. | Native of Mediterranean Europe, w. Asia, and n. Africa. |  (c) Barkla, John - CC-BY | |
| Brassicaceae | Sisymbrium turczaninowii | Russian Rocket | Waif around wool-combing mills in Coastal Plain of SC; there appears to be little evidence that it is established in our area. | Native of s. Africa. |  (c) Laidler, Gigi - CC-BY-NC |
| Brassicaceae | Streptanthus | Twistflower, Jewelflower |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | ||
| Brassicaceae | Streptanthus bracteatus | Wooded slopes, rocky bluffs, sand bars. | Endemic in sc. Texas. |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY | |
| Brassicaceae | Streptanthus hyacinthoides | Smooth Jewelflower, Sandhill Twistflower | Prairies, woodlands. | Sw. Arkansas, sc. Kansas, and w. Oklahoma south to w. Louisiana and e. Texas; most common in w. Oklahoma. | (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Brassicaceae | Streptanthus maculatus ssp. maculatus | Moist forests. | Oklahoma and e. Texas. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | |
| Brassicaceae | Streptanthus maculatus ssp. obtusifolius | Arkansas Twistflower | Rocky bluffs and open woodlands. | Endemic in the Interior Highlands of w. Arkansas. |  (c) Joseph, Aubert - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Streptanthus petiolaris | Brazos Jewelflower | Sandy or rocky open ground. | Endemic to c. and s. Texas. |  (c) acjci - CC-BY-SA |
| Brassicaceae | Streptanthus squamiformis | Ouachita Twistflower, Ouachita Jewelflower | Glades and woodlands. | Endemic to the Ouachita Mountains of sw. Arkansas and se. Oklahoma. See McDaniel et al. (2022) for details of its distribution. |  (c) B, Lori - CC0 |
| Brassicaceae | Synthlipsis | ||||
| Brassicaceae | Synthlipsis greggii | Keelpod | Scrub. | S. Texas south to Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Teesdalia | Shepherd's Cress | (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Teesdalia nudicaulis | Shepherd's Cress, Hedge Mustard, Bank Cress | Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed longleaf pine sandhills, other disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Brassicaceae | Thlaspi | Pennycress |  (c) McDonald, Kallum - CC0 | ||
| Brassicaceae | Thlaspi arvense | Field Pennycress, Frenchweed | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) McDonald, Kallum - CC0 |
| Brassicaceae | Tomostima | Draba |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Brassicaceae | Tomostima cuneifolia | Wedgeleaf Draba | Calcareous barrens and glades, open blackland prairies, preferring rocky, bare soil, limestone outcrops, also waste areas around wool-combing mills, possibly other habitats. | Illinois south to Louisiana, west to Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora); scattered eastwards as apparently native disjuncts in Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida, and also as an occasional weed in North Carolina and South Carolina and perhaps other states. The species extends as a native at least as far east as c. Georgia (Houston County) (Echols 2007) and Alabama, where it occurs in prairies and on limestone outcrops (Diamond & Woods 2009). | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Tomostima platycarpa | Broadpod Draba | Rocky slopes, bare spots in prairies, disturbed areas, waste areas around wool-combing mill (SC). | Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Arizona south to Texas and Mexico (Coahuila). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Brassicaceae | Tomostima reptans | Carolina Draba | Dry soil. | Massachusetts and Ontario west to Washington, south to North Carolina, Georgia, Texas and California. The few occurrences in the eastern part of our area seem to make little ecological or phytogeographic sense; they may represent introductions. The first collection in our area was, however, by Walter in the 18th century. |  (c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Turritis | Tower Mustard |  (c) Marcum, Paul | ||
| Brassicaceae | Turritis glabra | Tower Mustard, Towercress | Prairies, calcareous forests and woodlands, open disturbed areas, forest edges. | Circumboreal, south in North America to North Carolina, sc. Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, &Kral 1997), Arkansas, Kansas, New Mexico, and California. | (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Brassicaceae | Warea | Warea, Pineland-cress |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Brassicaceae | Warea amplexifolia | Wide-leaf Pineland-cress, Clasping Warea | Longleaf pine sandhills and Florida scrub. | Endemic to the Florida peninsula, north to Orange and Lake counties, Florida. |  (c) Keim, Mary - CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG |
| Brassicaceae | Warea carteri | Carter’s Warea, Carter’s Pineland-cress | Longleaf pine sandhills, pine rocklands, and Florida scrub. | Endemic to the Florida peninsula, north to Lake county, Florida. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Brassicaceae | Warea cuneifolia | Carolina Warea, Carolina Pineland-cress | Xeric white sands of longleaf pine sandhills. | Sc. North Carolina south to Panhandle Florida. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Brassicaceae | Warea sessilifolia | Sessile-leaf Warea, Sessile-leaf Pineland-cress | Longleaf pine sandhills. | Panhandle Florida and adjacent Alabama (Pike County) and wc. Georgia (Stewart County) (Sorrie 1998b). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |