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350 results for Family: Cyperaceae. More search options

Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution	Image
Cyperaceae	Abildgaardia				(c) Horn, Jay
Cyperaceae	Abildgaardia ovata	Flatspike-rush	Pine rocklands, hammocks, pine savannas, over oolite or other limestone.	Florida peninsula; West Indies; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán), Central America, and South America; Africa; Eurasia; Oceania.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Bolboschoenus	Bulrush			(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Bolboschoenus fluviatilis	River Bulrush	Freshwater tidal marshes, river marshes, marl marshes.	New Brunswick west to Saskatchewan, British Columbia (Vancouver Island) and Washington, south to Virginia, West Virginia (Vanderhorst et al. 2013), Kentucky, Tennessee, n. Alabama (Barger et al. 2012), s. Alabama (where probably not native), Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Arizona, and California; Asia; Australia and New Zealand.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Bolboschoenus glaucus		Fresh to brackish shores and marshes, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia and n. Africa.	(c) Chetibi, Mehdi - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. paludosus	Alkali Bulrush, Salt-marsh Bulrush	Marshes.	Interruptedly circumboreal, south in North America to Virginia (?), New York, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Mexico.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Bolboschoenus novae-angliae	New England Bulrush	Fresh to brackish (oligohaline) tidal marshes, ditches.	Maine to North Carolina (or Georgia?).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Bolboschoenus robustus	Saltmarsh Bulrush, Coco doux (frc)	Brackish marshes; inland in saline glades and marshes.	Along the coasts, from Nova Scotia to s. Florida, west to Texas, and into tropical America; also in California.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis	Hairsedge			(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis barbata	Old World Hairsedge, Watergrass	Sandy fields, other disturbed areas.	Native of the Old World tropics.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis capillaris ssp. capillaris	Common Hairsedge	Thin soils on rock outcrops, especially granite domes and granite flatrocks (but also on mafic rocks, such as diabase), sandy soils, fields, bogs (in FL).	Maine to Minnesota, south to Panhandle Florida and Texas, and west to Arizona and California, also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and s. Asia.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis ciliatifolia	Savanna Hairsedge	Moist to wet sands of savannas, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to s. Alabama; records from inland provinces are misidentifications.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis coarctata	Elliott's Hairsedge	Longleaf pine sandhills, usually associated with longleaf pine and wiregrass.	Se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to e. and c. Texas, north in the interior to sw. Tennessee; Cuba.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis hispidula		Waif on ore piles.	Native of Africa.
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis juncoides	Rush Hairsedge	Prairies.	E. Texas west to Arizona, south to Mexico, Central America, and South America; West Indies.	(c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis stenophylla		Longleaf pine sandhills, dry pine savannas, Florida scrub, and disturbed sandy areas.	Se. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to w. Florida; w. Cuba.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Bulbostylis warei	Ware's Hairsedge	Longleaf pine sandhills, dry pine flatwoods, dunes, Florida scrub.	Se. North Carolina south to s. Florida and west to s. Alabama.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex	Sedge			(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex ×deamii		Bottomland forests.	West Virginia west to Missouri.	(c) Aaron, Nathan
Cyperaceae	Carex abscondita	Thicket Sedge	Bottomlands, other mesic forests, seepage swamps.	Massachusetts south to Panhandle Florida, west to Texas and Oklahoma, and scattered inland.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex acidicola		Mesic forests.	Nc. Georgia and c. Alabama south to sw. Georgia (Naczi, Bryson, & Cochrane 2002).	© Scott Ward
Cyperaceae	Carex acutiformis	Lesser Pond Sedge	Marsh edges, wet fields.	Native of Eurasia (FNA, Kartesz 1999). Introduced in Maryland and New York.	(c) Cahen, Daniel - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex aestivaliformis		High-elevation wet meadows, sphagnous beaver wetlands (TN, VA), upland submesic forests (GA, TN).	The distribution is unclear, because of variable treatment in the past.
Cyperaceae	Carex aestivalis	Summer Sedge	Northern hardwood forests, northern red oak forests, other dry-mesic to mesic forests and moist rock outcrops at medium to high elevations.	Vermont south to n. Georgia, in or near the Appalachians.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex aggregata	Glomerate Sedge	Mesic to submesic forests and woodlands, fields, roadsides, other disturbed areas, especially over calcareous substrates.	New York, Ontario, Minnesota, and South Dakota, south to nc. and nw. North Carolina, Tennessee, and Oklahoma.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex alata	Broad-winged Sedge	Bottomland forests, beaver ponds, oligohaline tidal marshes, other freshwater marshes, depression ponds.	New Hampshire, Michigan, and Missouri south to c. peninsular Florida and Texas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex albicans var. albicans	White-tinged Sedge, Architectural Sedge	Dry woodlands, forests, and clearings.	Maine west to Illinois, and Oklahoma, south to Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, n. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), Tennessee, and Missouri.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex albicans var. australis	Southern White-tinged Sedge, Bellow's-beak Sedge	Dry woodlands.	Maryland south to ne. Florida and Florida Panhandle, west to Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and Mexico.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex albolutescens	Greenish-white Sedge	Low fields, bottomlands.	Massachusetts, New York, Wisconsin, and Missouri, south to Panhandle Florida and Texas.	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex albursina	White Bear Sedge	Nutrient-rich cove forests (and less commonly in drier forests), over mafic or calcareous rocks. Rich mesic forests further northward.	Vermont and s. Québec west to Minnesota, south to South Carolina (P. McMillan pers. comm. 2003, specimen at CLEMS), nw. Georgia, Mississippi (Dorey & Bryson 2016), ne. Alabama (S. Ward, pers. obs. 2022), and Arkansas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex allegheniensis	Allegheny Sedge	Swamps, bogs, streamhead pocosins, other moist to wet habitats, boggy pools in floodplains.	Primarily from Pennsylvania south to n. Georgia, mostly in the Appalachian Mountains; scattered reports more broadly need additional evaluation.	© NCU Herbarium staff
Cyperaceae	Carex alopecoidea		Seasonally saturated situations, typically over calcareous substrates.	Nova Scotia west to Saskatchewan, south to District of Columbia, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, e. Tennessee, and Iowa (Standley in FNA 2002b).	(c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex amphibola	Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge	Moist loamy forests, bottomlands, slopes, uplands.	Massachusetts, s. Ontario, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, and Oklahoma, south to Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex annectens	Yellow-fruited Sedge	Marshes, bottomland forests, drier forests and woodlands.	S. Maine west to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex appalachica	Appalachian Sedge	Dry to mesic forests, rock outcrops.	Maine and Ontario south to w. South Carolina, n. Georgia, and e. Tennessee. First reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997) and Gaddy (2014).	(c) Powell, Eric M - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex aquatilis var. substricta	Aquatic Sedge	Mountaintop ponds (with Dulichium arundinaceum, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Juncus canadensis), mafic fens at high elevation, northwards in sedge meadows and shores.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to North Dakota, south to New Jersey, s. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska; disjunct in w. Virginia (Augusta County) and nw. North Carolina (Bluff Mountain, Ashe County, North Carolina). First reported for Virginia by Wieboldt et al. (1998).	(c) Graeff, Alex - CC-BY-NC-ND, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex arctata	Black Sedge, Drooping Woodland Sedge	Northern hardwood and spruce forests, bog edges, moist forests northwards in our region.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Minnesota, south to Pennsylvania, w. Virginia, nw. North Carolina (Long Hope Valley, Ashe County; Grandfather Mountain), and Ohio. First reported for Virginia (Highland County) by Fleming & Ludwig (1996).	(c) Wiegersma, Quinten - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex arenaria	Sand Sedge	Moist to dry sandy hammocks; probably introduced from Europe.	In North America, known from Delaware south to se. North Carolina; also on ballast in Oregon (Mackenzie 1931-1935). Fernald (1950) considered this plant native in se. Virginia, and populations of it in Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, North Carolina, certainly appear native.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex argyrantha	Silvery-flowered Sedge, Hay Sedge	Grassy balds, mountain meadows, dry-mesic to dry forests, woodlands, clearings, and outcrops.	New Brunswick west to Ontario, south to w. North Carolina, e. Tennessee (Unicoi County), and Ohio.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex arkansana	Arkansas Sedge	Bottomland forests, other wet forests and damp prairies, oak flatwoods, (in VA) in seasonally wet meadow in former railroad yard.	Native range from s. Illinois, n. Missouri, and e. Kansas south through Arkansas and Oklahoma to e. Texas. See Simmons, Strong, & Parrish (2008) for additional information on the Virginia occurrence.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex atherodes	Awned Sedge	Marl fens, bottomland prairies, wet meadows, marshes.	Circumboreal, south in North America to New York, n. Virginia, n. West Virginia, Missouri, Colorado, Utah, and Oregon.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex atlantica	Prickly Bog Sedge	Bogs and seepages.	Nova Scotia west to Michigan and nw. Indiana, south to ne. Florida, Panhandle Florida, and e. Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex aurea	Golden-fruited Sedge	Wet calcareous sites, prairies, swamps, shores, and disturbed areas.	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Alaska, south to New York, nw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio, s. Indiana, s. Illinois, Minnesota, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex aureolensis	Southern Frank’s Sedge, Broad-scaled Sedge, Golden Cattail Sedge	Floodplain forests and marshes.	Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, and Nebraska south to n. peninsular Florida, Panhandle Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Coahuila, and Nuevo León; South America.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex austrina	Southern Sedge	Dry calcareous prairies, meadows, and forests, also roadsides, apparently introduced eastwards with hay and/or seed mixes used for erosion control.	Native from Iowa and Nebraska south to Louisiana and Texas; more eastern occurrences are at least in part introduced. First reported for areas east of the Mississippi by Bryson et al. (1996). Reported for Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).	(c) Campos, Aidan
Cyperaceae	Carex austrocaroliniana	South Carolina Sedge	Nutrient-rich, moist coves in the sw. mountains of NC and adjacent SC, often with some seepage.	Endemic to the southern end of the Southern Appalachians, in the Blue Ridge of sw. North Carolina, ne. South Carolina, n. Georgia, and e. Tennessee, extending west to the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee and se. Kentucky.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex austrodeflexa	Canebrake Sedge	Canebrakes and acid swamps, very wet loamy pine savannas.	Coastal Plain, from se. Virginia to Panhandle Florida, west to s. Alabama; apparently disjunct in w. Louisiana.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex austrolucorum	Appalachian Woodland Sedge	Xeric to mesic wooded slopes, usually in oak forests and northern hardwood forests.	Sw. Virginia, s. West Virginia, e. Kentucky south to nw. South Carolina, n. Georgia and ne. Alabama.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex backii	Back's Sedge	Rocky woodlands and forests, cliff bases.	Québec west to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and Colorado. Historic in our area (New Jersey, Pennsylvania). Occurring further north in a few scattered areas of central New York, but otherwise no longer considered extant in our flora region.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex baileyi	Bailey's Sedge	Bogs, seeps.	New Hampshire south to Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee, primarily Appalachian.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex baltzellii	Baltzell's Sedge	Steepheads, beech-magnolia slopes, and mesic to dry-mesic hammocks.	Sw. Georgia and Panhandle Florida west to s. Alabama and s. Mississippi.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex barrattii	Barratt's Sedge	Peaty bogs and marshes, especially in depression ponds, depression swamps, and sinkhole ponds, but also in seepage, such as Piedmont boggy streamheads.	Connecticut south to North Carolina (at least formerly), on the Coastal Plain, and disjunct inland in places with many Coastal Plain affinities, as in w. Virginia (Augusta County), sw. North Carolina (Henderson County, where now apparently extirpated), nw. South Carolina, sc. Tennessee (Coffee and Warren counties), n. Georgia, and n. Alabama. Reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997) and Horn (1999). See Ungberg (2022) for discussion of its occurrence in North Carolina.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex basiantha	Southern Willdenow's Sedge, Widow Sedge	Mesic forests, wet flats, and lower slopes, over calcareous rocks or sediments.	Se. North Carolina south to n. peninsular Florida, Panhandle Florida, west to e. Texas, and north to nw. Georgia, c. Tennessee, and c. Arkansas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex bebbii	Bebb’s Sedge	Calcareous and mafic wetlands, wet prairies.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland), Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) and Alaska south to New Jersey, nw. Virginia (Big Meadows, Virginia; Idaho uncertain; Weakley, Ludwig, & Townsend 2012), Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Nebraska, Colorado, and Oregon.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex bicknellii	Bicknell’s Sedge	Dry prairies, eastwards (SC) in prairie-like openings and barrens over gabbro or serpentine.	Maine west to Saskatchewan, south to Delaware, Ohio, Missouri, Oklahoma, and New Mexico; disjunct in nc. South Carolina (where first reported by Hill & Horn 1997).	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex billingsii	Billings’s Sedge	Wet, boggy areas.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Ontario south to s. New Jersey (Ocean County), ne. Pennsylvania, and Michigan.	(c) Steven, Daniel - C, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex biltmoreana	Biltmore Sedge	In thin soils on medium to high elevation granitic domes and other sloping rock outcrops, often dominant in thin-soil herbaceous mats wet by seasonal and post-rainfall seepage, and also occurring in adjacent woodlands under open to nearly closed canopy of Quercus spp., Fraxinus americana, Carya glabra, and Juniperus virginiana.	Endemic to sw. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, and ne. Georgia (Rabun and Towns counties)	(c) Carson, Owen - CC-BY-NC
Cyperaceae	Carex blanda	Eastern Woodland Sedge, Charming Sedge	Cove forests, bottomlands, and other mesic, nutrient-rich forests.	Maine and s. Québec west to North Dakota, south to c. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), n. peninsular Florida, Panhandle Florida, and Texas.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex brevicrinis	Short-fringed Sedge	Swamps, wet forests, and a wide range of other wetlands.	Massachusetts south to Florida, west to Texas, north in the interior to Kentucky and Missouri.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex breviculmis	Blue Sedge	Cemeteries, lawns, disturbed areas.	Native of e. Asia, se. Asia, and Australia.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex brevior	Shortbeak Sedge	Prairies, dry forests, and woodland margins.	Maine west to British Columbia, south to n. Georgia, c. Tennessee, Mississippi, Texas, Tamaulipas, Arizona, and Michoacán.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex bromoides ssp. bromoides	Common Brome Sedge	Swamp forests, bogs, seeps, hydric hammocks, other wetlands, often associated with base-rich soils.	Ssp. bromoides ranges from New Brunswick west to e. Minnesota, south to c. peninsular Florida and e. Texas; allegedly disjunct in s. Mexico, but not in Villaseñor (2016).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex bromoides ssp. montana	Blue Ridge Brome Sedge	Mountain bogs in the Blue Ridge, seepages in the Blue Ridge Escarpment.	Endemic to the Southern Blue Ridge of sw. Virginia, ne. Tennessee, w. North Carolina, and nw. South Carolina.	(c) Karasoulos, Alex - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex brunnescens var. sphaerostachya	Brown Sedge	Grassy balds, bogs, spruce-fir forests, northern hardwood forests, moist rock outcrops, at moderate to high elevations.	Var. sphaerostachya is eastern North American, ranging south to New Jersey, Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota, south to w. North Carolina, e. Tennessee, and n. Georgia. The report of this species from South Carolina (Gaddy 1981; Kartesz 2009) is erroneous (Gaddy 2014).	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex brysonii	Bryson’s Sedge	Mesic forests.	Endemic to the Cumberland Plateau and adjacent Coastal Plain of n. Alabama (falsely reported for Mississippi).	© Scott Ward
Cyperaceae	Carex bulbostylis	Globose Sedge	Moist deciduous forests, prairies, open meadows, especially in calcareous areas.	Mississippi west to Texas and Oklahoma; disjunct in sw. Tennessee.	(c) Campos, Aidan - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex bullata var. bullata	Button Sedge	Bogs, seeps, depression swamps, usually in very acidic settings.	Massachusetts south to sw. North Carolina; disjunct westwards in c. Arkansas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex bullata var. greenei	Greene's Sedge	Highly acidic wetlands, primarily in the Coastal Plain.	Nova Scotia south to e. Georgia, with scattered outliers inland, as in Ohio, w. North Carolina, ne. Tennessee, Eastern Highland Rim of Tennessee, ne. Mississippi, and Arkansas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex bushii	Bush’s Sedge	Moist to wet (rarely dry) prairies, meadows, fields, and alluvial areas, usually in moderately to strongly base-rich soils.	Massachusetts and s. New York west to Missouri and Kansas, south to North Carolina, sw. North Carolina (Bradley et al. [in prep.]), Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), Mississippi, and Texas; disjunct in Michigan.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex buxbaumii	Brown Bog Sedge, Buxbaum's Sedge	Bogs, fens, and seepages (especially over calcareous or mafic rocks, but also in very acid sites).	Circumboreal, in North America ranging from Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to s. and w. Alaska, south to se. Virginia, w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, n. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), c. Tennessee, Kentucky, n. Arkansas, Colorado, Utah, and California. Reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997) and Hill (1999).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex calcifugens	Halfsweet Sedge	Rich bluff forests, evergreen maritime forests, rich soils over coquina limestone or shell middens.	Se. North Carolina south to Panhandle Florida.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex canescens	Silvery Sedge	Acidic bogs, other wetlands.	Greenland and Alaska south to Maryland, West Virginia, Illinois, New Mexico, and California; Eurasia. Material in South America is a different taxon.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex careyana	Carey's Sedge	Nutrient-rich moist forests, mostly over calcareous rocks.	New York west to Michigan and Iowa, south to sw. North Carolina, Alabama and Missouri.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex caroliniana	Carolina Sedge	Floodplain forests, depression swamps, less commonly in mesic to dry-mesic forests.	New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Missouri, and Oklahoma south to South Carolina, e. Georgia, and Texas; apparently disjunct in Panhandle Florida and adjacent sw. Georgia.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex caryophyllea	Spring Sedge	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.	(c) Baranovskiy, Pavel - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex cephaloidea	Heady Sedge	Forests over calcareous or other high pH substrates.	New Brunswick, Ontario, and Minnesota south to West Virginia (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex cephalophora		Mesic to dry forests, especially oak-hickory forests.	Maine west to Minnesota, south to Panhandle Florida and Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex chapmanii	Chapman's Sedge	Edges of calcareous pine savannas, calcareous slopes and bottomlands, mesic hammocks, stream terraces.	Se. North Carolina south to c. peninsular Florida, endemic to the Coastal Plain; initially listed as disjunct in nc. Tennessee (Chester et al. 1993), but rejected thereafter (Tennessee Flora Committee 2015). The reported n. Georgia specimens (Union, Franklin, and Fannin counties) are also misidentifications.	(c) Paz, Alex de la
Cyperaceae	Carex cherokeensis	Cherokee Sedge, Wolftail Sedge	Predominantly in moist, rich, calcareous or subcalcareous forests, though introduced populations are not restricted to such settings.	Se. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, sw. North Carolina, nc. Tennessee, se. Missouri, and Oklahoma, south to n. peninsular Florida, Panhandle Florida, and west to e. Texas and se. Oklahoma; disjunct in the Mountains of Virginia, where perhaps introduced (Belden et al. 2004). Reported for se. Indiana (Posey County (Namestnik, Pilla, & Thomas 2025).	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex chordorrhiza	Creeping Sedge	Bogs.	Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to w. Massachusetts, nc. Pennsylvania, n. Indiana, ne. Illinois, nc. Iowa, nc. North Dakota, Montana, Washington, and nw. Oregon; Eurasia.	(c) Loon, Chloe and Trevor Van - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex collinsii	Collins's Sedge	White cedar (Chamaecyparis) bogs, pocosins, and sphagnous, seepage-fed streamhead swamps in the Coastal Plain, bogs in the southwest mountains of NC (where associated with other Coastal Plain disjuncts), usually growing in Sphagnum.	Rhode Island to wc. Georgia on the Coastal Plain, disjunct in the mountains of nw. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, sw. North Carolina, and possibly Tennessee (Chester et al. 1993).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex communis	Fibrous-rooted Sedge	Dry woodlands and forests, bluffs, rich forests, streambanks.	Prince Edward Island west to Minnesota, south to n. South Carolina, c. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), and Arkansas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex comosa	Bottlebrush Sedge, Bristly Sedge, Porcupine Sedge	Tidal freshwater and oligohaline marshes, tidal and alluvial swamps, calcareous spring marshes, beaver wetlands, and ditches and other wet disturbed areas.	Québec west to Minnesota, south to s. Florida, Louisiana, se. Oklahoma (Hoagland & Buthod 2012), and ne. Texas; disjunct in Michoacán (Villaseñor 2016); also in w. North America.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex complanata	Hirsute Sedge	Bottomland forests and swamps, depression swamps, drier barrens.	New Jersey and s. Pennsylvania south to n. peninsular Florida and Panhandle Florida, west to Texas and Missouri; reportedly disjunct in Arizona and s. Mexico.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex conjuncta	Soft Fox Sedge	Well-drained floodplain forests, mesic to dry-mesic upland forests over mafic or calcareous rocks.	New York, New Jersey, Minnesota, and South Dakota, south to Virginia, sc. Tennessee, n. Alabama, and Arkansas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex conoidea	Ancient Prairie Sedge	Calcareous and mafic fens and seepages; saturated meadows and fields over limestone, dolomite, or mafic rocks; depressions in upland prairies.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Minnesota, south to nw. North Carolina (Ashe Co. and Alleghany Co.), nw. Arkansas, and Missouri. First found in North Carolina by a party led by Asa Gray in 1841 "on the moist, grassy brow of a precipice of the Bluff" (where it still occurs); located at a second site in North Carolina by D.B. Poindexter. Alleged to occur in sw. United States (Kartesz 2022), these occurrences considered introduced by POWO (2024).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex copulata	Spreading Sedge	Rich, mesic forests of floodplains and slopes.	Pennsylvania, Ontario, and Wisconsin south to North Carolina, n. Alabama, and Arkansas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex corrugata	Prune-fruited Sedge	Large-stream and river bottomlands, wet calcareous forests.	Se. Virginia, Kentucky, and s. Ohio south to Panhandle Florida and Alabama, west to c. Texas.	(c) Campos, Aidan
Cyperaceae	Carex crawei	Crawe's Sedge	Calcareous barrens and prairies, usually in gravelly areas with ephemeral or periodic seepage.	Québec west to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, w. Virginia, c. Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Arizona. First reported for Virginia by Ludwig (1999).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex crawfordii	Crawford's Sedge	Swamps and marshes, open dryish sandy areas; southwards in disturbed areas such as railroad yards (in MO).	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Alaska, south to n. New Jersey, ne. Pennsylvania, Michigan, n. Illinois, Iowa, Colorado, Idaho, and Oregon.	(c) Hohn, Charlie - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex crebriflora	Coastal Plain Sedge	Bottomland and other nutrient-rich forests.	Virginia, Kentucky, and Arkansas south to n. peninsular Florida and Panhandle Florida and Texas.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex cristatella	Crested Sedge	Grassy balds, fens, wet meadows, river shores, especially in calcareous or nutrient-rich alluvial soils.	Vermont west to Saskatchewan, south to w. North Carolina, Kentucky, Missouri, and Kansas. See Fox, Godfrey, & Blomquist (1952) for the first report from North Carolina. Rejected from the Tennessee flora (Tennessee Flora Committee 2015), but accepted by Tennessee Natural Heritage Program.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex crus-corvi	Crowfoot Sedge, Ravenfoot Sedge	Swamp forests, especially over calcareous substrates.	Se. Virginia south to Panhandle Florida, west to Texas, north in the interior to Indiana, s. Ontario, Michigan, and Minnesota.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex cryptolepis	Yellow Sedge	Acid, boggy sites.	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Minnesota, south to New Jersey, New York, s. Ohio, c. Indiana, and ne. Illinois.	(c) Steven, Daniel - C, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex cumberlandensis	Cumberland Sedge	Rich, mesic to dry, deciduous or mixed forests, especially over calcareous substrates.	Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio, s. Illinois south to c. North Carolina, c. South Carolina, c. Georgia, sc. Alabama, e. Mississippi, and w. Tennessee; disjunct in nw. Arkansas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex cumulata		Dry to wet acid barrens and glades.	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Saskatchewan, south to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Illinois.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex dasycarpa	Velvet Sedge	Maritime forests, hammocks, other sandy forests.	E. South Carolina south to n. peninsular Florida, west to Mississippi. Gaddy & Rayner (1980) report this species from a number of barrier islands in Beaufort and Charleston counties, South Carolina; it has since been found in Georgetown County, South Carolina, as well.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex davalliana		Ballast waif.	Reported for New Jersey (Kartesz 2022).	(c) Elias - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex davisii	Davis's Sedge	Rich mesic upland forests, rich floodplain forests, calcareous oak savannas, calcareous meadows.	Vermont, Ontario, and Minnesota south to Virginia (Fairfax County) (Steury 2004b), e. West Virginia, nc. Tennessee (Chester et al. 1993), Arkansas, and Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex debilis	White-edged Sedge, Weak Sedge	Swamps, bogs, other moist to wet habitats.	Massachusetts west to s. Indiana, south to n. peninsular Florida, Panhandle Florida, and Texas.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex decomposita	Cypress-knee Sedge, Epiphytic Sedge	Blackwater swamp forests, often growing on cypress knees, cypress bases, or fallen logs (often at or near water level), river sloughs, beaver marshes, less typically inland in sloughs or in depressions in bedrock river scour.	New York west to Michigan, south to sw. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), Panhandle Florida, and Texas; rarely disjunct inland from the Coastal Plain, especially in river sloughs or beaver marshes (Bradley et al. [in prep.]).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex deflexa		Rocky, exposed soils and outcrops.	Greenland west to Alaska, south to Massachusetts, n. New York, n. Michigan, and n. Minnesota. A disjunct population in West Virginia that has been referred to C. deflexa is actually Carex species 8.	(c) Steven, Daniel - C, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex demissa ssp. demissa		Wet, acid areas.	Native of Europe.
Cyperaceae	Carex deweyana var. deweyana	Dewey's Sedge	Rich, rocky forests.	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Alaska, south to n. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, ne. Ohio, n. Illinois, Iowa, South Dakota, New Mexico, and Idaho.	(c) Wiegersma, Quinten - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex diandra	Lesser Tussock Sedge	Swamps, bogs, peaty sedge meadows, especially over limestone.	Circumboreal, south in North America to w. Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Ohio, Illinois, Colorado, California; also reported from Tennessee on the basis of a destroyed specimen.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex digitalis var. digitalis	Slender Woodland Sedge	Mesic to dry forests.	Maine west to Wisconsin, south to s. Georgia and e. Oklahoma (LeFlore County).	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex digitalis var. floridana	Southern Slender Woodland Sedge	Rich forests.	Virginia south to Florida, west to e. Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex digitalis var. macropoda	Long-spiked Slender Woodland Sedge	Moist to dry forests.	Pennsylvania and Illinois south to Florida and Texas.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex disjuncta	Silvery Sedge	Bogs, depression ponds, swamps and marshes (including fresh to oligohaline tidal sites), often in disturbed areas.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Minnesota, south to Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ohio, and Indiana.	(c) Steven, Daniel - C, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex disperma	Soft-leaved Sedge	Bogs, acidic swamps.	Circumboreal, south in North America to n. New Jersey, c. Pennsylvania, n. Ohio, n. Indiana, ne. Illinois, Minnesota, South Dakota, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.	(c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex distans		Disturbed areas.	Introduced in Maryland and Pennsylvania; native of Eurasia.	(c) Martín-Bravo, Santiago - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex distenta	Widow Sedge	Waif on ballast.	Native of South America.	(c) Berger, Matt - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex divisa	Divided Sedge, Separated Sedge	Brackish and oligohaline marshes.	Native of the Old World.	(c) Thorpe, Stephen - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex divulsa ssp. divulsa		Fields, pastures, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe and w. Asia. Reported for Washington, District of Columbia, and Maryland. Pennsylvania reports are misidentifications (S. Grund, pers.comm., 2024).	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex douglasii		Apparently a waif in urban St. Louis, MO.	Native of w. North America.
Cyperaceae	Carex duriuscula	Spikerush Sedge	Apparently a waif in urban St. Louis, MO.	Native of w. and nc. North America, east to n. Illinois.	(c) Alexander, Cecelia - CC0
Cyperaceae	Carex eburnea	Ebony Sedge, Bristleleaf Sedge	Calcareous cliffs, bluffs, and outcrops, westwards also in calcareous woodlands.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to w. Virginia, w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, c. Alabama, n. Arkansas, Nebraska, s. Alberta, and s. British Columbia; early reports of this species from Texas are referable to C. mckittrickensis P.W. Ball.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex echinata ssp. echinata	Star Sedge	Bogs, seeps, fens.	Ssp. echinata is circumboreal, ranging in North America from Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Saskatchewan, south to Delaware, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Iowa, and North Dakota, and in the mountains to w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina {Bradley et al. [in prep.]), and e. Tennessee; also in w. North America from Alaska (Aleutians) and British Columbia south to Colorado, Utah, and s. California.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex echinodes		Bottomland forests.	Québec west to Manitoba, south to Connecticut, s. Ohio, s. Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and e. Nebraska.	(c) Wiegersma, Quinten - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex edwardsiana	Edwards Plateau Sedge	Ravine slopes over calcareous substrates.	Nearly endemic to the Edwards Plateau, but edging into the Blackland Prairie region.	(c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex eggertii
Cyperaceae	Carex elliottii	Elliott’s Sedge	Bogs.	E. North Carolina south to c. pen. Florida and west to s. Alabama.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex emmonsii	Emmons’s Sedge	Longleaf pine sandhills, maritime forests, wet pine flatwoods, mesic or dry upland forests, sandy woodlands.	Nova Scotia west to Ontario and Wisconsin, south to South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex emoryi	Emory’s Sedge	Calcareous fens, spring marshes, wet meadows, seepages, ditches, rocky river scours, other wetlands.	New York and North Dakota south to w. Virginia, nc. North Carolina (E. Ungberg, pers.comm., 2025), s. Illinois, Arkansas, Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo León.	(c) Campos, Aidan
Cyperaceae	Carex exilis	Meager Sedge, Exiled Sedge	Peaty seepage bogs.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) west to Ontario and n. Minnesota, south to New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, New York, n. Michigan, n. Wisconsin, and n. Minnesota; disjunct southward in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of sc. North Carolina and in the Gulf Coastal Plain of se. Mississippi, sw. Georgia, and sw. Alabama. The southern occurrences are remarkably disjunct from the Canadian, northern Coastal Plain, and Great Lakes distribution. Initially discovered in Georgia e. of Columbus (Marion County) by Tom Patrick and recently confirmed by Joyce Klaus (S. Ward, pers. comm., 2023). It also seems likely that this species awaits discovery in far western Florida, given the abundance of seepage slopes, and discoveries in nearby Mobile and Baldwin counties, Alabama (Orzell and Bridges 1991).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex extensa	Long-bracted Sedge	Salt marshes, introduced around seaports.	Native of Europe.	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex festucacea	Fescue Sedge	Bottomland forests, depression ponds and swamps, wet meadows.	Vermont west to Minnesota, south to Georgia, Panhandle Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex fissa var. aristata	Hammock Sedge	Wet pine savannas, roadside banks and ditches.	Extreme se. South Carolina (Jasper Co.), s. Georgia (Clinch County) (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009; Sorrie 1998b) south to c. peninsular Florida, west to Florida Panhandle and s. Mississippi (Bryson et al. 1996).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex fissa var. fissa	Western Hammock Sedge	Prairie depressions, eastwards introduced in disturbed areas, including roadside ditches, sediment control ponds, and old railroad stockyards (well-established).	S. Illinois, Missouri, se. Kansas, and Oklahoma south to Arkansas, se. Texas, and Tamaulipas. See Simmons, Strong, & Parrish (2008) for additional information about the Virginia occurrence, and Knapp et al. (2011) and Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp (2016) about the Maryland and Delaware occurrences. McKenzie & Nelson (2022) discussed occurrences in Missouri.	(c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex flacca	Glaucous Creeping Sedge	Depression in successional woodlands.	Native of Europe. Reported for Portage County, Ohio (Riley, Vincent, & Widrlechner 2020).	(c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex flaccosperma	Meadow Sedge	Mesic forests, well-drained bottomlands.	Maryland and se. Virginia south to Panhandle Florida, west to Texas, north in the interior to s. Missouri and Illinois. {distribution and abundance needing additional herbarium investigation}	(c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex flava	Yellow Sedge	Calcareous fens and seeps.	Circumboreal, ranging south in North America to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Idaho, and British Columbia; disjunct in sw. Virginia (Giles County). First reported for Virginia by Wieboldt et al. (1998).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex flexuosa	Flexuous White-edge Sedge, Rudge’s White-edge Sedge	Dry to moist upland forests, openings, grassy balds, granitic domes, rock outcrops.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Minnesota, south to Virginia and Missouri, and in the Appalachian Mountains to w. North Carolina and e. Tennessee.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex floridana	Florida Sedge	Mesic hammocks, dry hammocks, maritime forests.	S. New Jersey south to c. peninsular Florida, west to Texas. See McAvoy (2021) for discussion of the occurrence of this species in New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex foenea	Hay Sedge	Dry woodlands.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) and Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Yukon Territory, south to Connecticut, New York, s. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Idaho.	(c) Wiegersma, Quinten - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex folliculata	Northern Long Sedge	Bogs, boggy forests, high elevation forests (spruce-fir).	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Wisconsin, south to nw. South Carolina and n. Georgia.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex formosa	Handsome Sedge	Dry, calcareous forests.	Québec west to North Dakota, south to n. New Jersey, c. Pennsylvania, nw. Ohio, ne. Illinois, and Minnesota.	(c) Brinker, Samuel - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex frankii	Frank’s Sedge, Cattail Sedge	Bottomland forests, other wet to moist forests and disturbed areas.	W. New York and s. Ontario west to Michigan and se. Nebraska, south to Georgia, Arkansas, and Oklahoma.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex fraseriana	Fraser's Sedge, Lily-leaf Sedge	Cove forests, mostly rather acidic and associated with Rhododendron maximum, at moderate elevations.	A Southern and Central Appalachian endemic: w. Maryland and s. Pennsylvania south through w. Virginia and West Virginia to w. North Carolina, e. Tennessee, nw. South Carolina, and n. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988).	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex fumosimontana	Smoky Mountain Sedge	Seepages at high elevations.	Endemic to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Cocke and Sevier counties, Tennessee, Swain County, North Carolina), specifically Clingmans Dome, Mount LeConte, and Mount Guyot.	(c) J. Kevin, England - C, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex garberi	Garber's Sedge, Elk Sedge	Sandy swales and calcareous gravel shores.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) west to Alaska, south to New York, nw. Pennsylvania, n. Ohio, nw. Indiana, ne. Illinois, n. Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, and Oregon. In the northeastern United States, this taxon is at its southern limit within the Great Lakes region. It is only known from our area in Erie County, Pennsylvania (S. Grund, pers. comm., 2022). In this area of nw. Pennsylvania and adjacent areas of w. New York, Carex garberi is rare and grows atop calcareous rocks and escarpments associated with large rivers and other bodies of water, as well as in calcareous fens and similar seepages.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex gator				(c) Lacroix-Carignan, Étienne - CC0
Cyperaceae	Carex geyeri	Geyer's Sedge	Limestone bluff.	Alberta and British Columbia south to New Mexico, Arizona, and n. California; disjunct in c. Pennsylvania (Centre County).	(c) Haskins, John A - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex gholsonii	Gholson's Sedge	Moist calcareous forests, especially marl flats and bottomlands over coquina.	E. North Carolina south to c. peninsular Florida, west to s. Alabama.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex gigantea	Giant Sedge	Swamps, bottomland forests, cypress depressions.	Delaware south to s. Florida, west to e. Texas, north in the interior to nw. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), Indiana and Oklahoma.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex glaucescens	Blue Sedge, Southern Waxy Sedge	Blackwater swamps, pocosins, wet pine savannas, seepage bogs, depression ponds, pondcypress savannas, other acid and peaty situations.	E. Maryland south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Texas and se. Oklahoma (Buthod & Hoagland 2013); disjunct in nw. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988) and c. Tennessee.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex glaucodea	Blue Sedge	Prairies, upland woodlands, especially in hardpan situations with alternating wet and dry conditions.	Massachusetts and Ontario west to s. Indiana and Missouri, south to North Carolina, sc. Tennessee, and Arkansas. {distribution and abundance needing additional herbarium investigation}	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex godfreyi	Godfrey's Sedge	Calcareous swamps, bottomlands, and mesic forests.	Se. North Carolina south to se. Georgia, c. peninsular Florida south to Martin County (Florida), and west to Panhandle Florida, sw. Georgia, and s. Alabama.	(c) Arendell, Adam
Cyperaceae	Carex gracilescens	Slender Loose-flowered Sedge	Moist, nutrient-rich forests, calcareous hammocks.	Vermont and s. Québec west to Wisconsin, south to South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, and e. Texas; disjunct in sw. Georgia and Panhandle Florida.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex gracillima	Graceful Sedge	Moist ravine and slope forests, floodplains of rivers and large creeks.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Manitoba, south to South Carolina (Gaddy et al. 1984), n. Georgia, Alabama, and n. Arkansas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex granularis	Limestone Meadow Sedge, Corncob Sedge	Moist, nutrient-rich forests, especially bottomlands, mostly over calcareous rocks (limestone, dolostone, coquina limestone) or mafic rocks (diabase).	Maine and Québec west to Saskatchewan, south to Georgia, Florida (Ward 2021), Oklahoma, and ne. Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex gravida	Pregnant Sedge, Heavy Sedge	Damp, mesic, or dry calcareous prairies, fields, pastures, roadsides.	Ontario west to Saskatchewan, south to Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, and New Mexico, rarely introduced eastward. Steury (1999) reported var. lunelliana as new to Maryland (Calvert County). Reported for Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).	(c) Heller, Samantha - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex grayi	Gray’s Sedge	Bottomland forests, tidal swamps.	Sw. Québec west to Wisconsin and Iowa, south to nw. Georgia and Oklahoma; disjunct in Panhandle Florida.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex grisea	Inflated Narrowleaf Sedge	Well-drained floodplain forests, other mesic to dry-mesic forests, especially over base-rich substrates.	New Brunswick west to Minnesota and South Dakota, south to Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Texas. {habitats, distribution and abundance in our area needing additional herbarium investigation}	(c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex gynandra	Nodding Sedge	Bogs, swamp forests, seepages, beaver wetlands.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Minnesota, south to Wisconsin, n. Virginia, w. North Carolina, n. Georgia, e. Tennessee, Ohio, and Wisconsin. This is the most montane and northern element of the C. crinita complex, and the usual one encountered in the Mountains of our area.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex gynocrates	Northern Bog Sedge	Fens, calcareous seeps.	Greenland, Baffin Island, and Alaska south to Maine, New York, w. Pennsylvania (an old collection by Goldie), Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and Oregon; Siberia.	(c) Loon, Chloe and Trevor Van - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex haydenii	Hayden’s Sedge	Wet meadows, wet prairies, minerotrophic fens.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Québec west to South Dakota, south to s. Pennsylvania, Maryland (C. Frye, pers. comm., 2000), Illinois, and Iowa.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex hirsutella	Hairy-leaved Sedge, Fuzzy Sedge	Dry-mesic oak-hickory forests, other mesic to dry forests, woodlands, and barrens.	Maine, s. Ontario, and Iowa, south to Georgia and ne. Texas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex hirta		Dry sandy areas.	Native of Europe. The report of C. hirta for North Carolina (Burk 1961, RAB) is based on a misidentification of C. pumila (Reznicek 1993).	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex hirtifolia	Pubescent Sedge	Nutrient-rich, though often rather dry, forests and woodlands.	New Brunswick west to Minnesota, south to Maryland, sw. Virginia, c. Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and e. Kansas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex hitchcockiana	Hitchcock’s Sedge	Rich, moist to dry forests, especially over limestone, other calcareous, or mafic rocks.	Massachusetts west to Minnesota, south to North Carolina, sc. Tennessee, and Arkansas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex hormathodes	Marsh Straw Sedge	Freshwater and slightly brackish tidal marshes, interdune ponds.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) south to ne. North Carolina, along the coast.	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex howei	Howe's Sedge, Prickly Bog Sedge	Bogs and seepages, often growing in Sphagnum.	Nova Scotia west to Michigan and nw. Indiana, south to c. peninsular Florida and e. Texas, predominantly (but by no means strictly) on the Coastal Plain; Dominican Republic.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex hyalina		Bottomland forests.	Tennessee, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, south to Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.	(c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex hyalinolepis	Shoreline Sedge	Tidal marshes, tidal and nontidal swamp forests.	New Jersey south to Panhandle Florida, west to Texas, north in the interior to Kansas and Nebraska; disjunct around the Great Lakes in Michigan, Indiana, and s. Ontario.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex hystericina	Porcupine Sedge	Calcareous fens, marshes, and wet meadows, in seepage over serpentine.	New Brunswick west to British Columbia, south to w. Virginia, sc. Tennessee, w. Texas, and n. California.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex ignota	Incognito Sedge, Incognito Lined Sedge	Mesic slope and ravine forests, upper terraces of floodplains in bottomland hardwood forests.	E. South Carolina south to n. Florida, west to w. Tennessee, e. Texas, and Arkansas.	(c) Bridges, Edwin
Cyperaceae	Carex impressinervia		Moist forests, along small streams and lower mesic slopes, probably associated with mafic or calcareous rocks.	Sc. North Carolina south to Alabama and west to Mississippi, apparently very rare and widely scattered.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex inops ssp. heliophila	Plains Sedge	Dry to mesic upland forests, sandy, loamy, or loess prairies.	Ontario west to British Columbia, south to Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Washington.	(c) Lavin, Matt - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex interior	Inland Sedge	Calcareous or ultramafic seeps, fens, and wet meadows.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) west to s. Alaska, south to w. Virginia, n. Arkansas, n. Arizona, and n. California; disjunct in Mexico (Chihuahua) (but not in Villaseñor 2016).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex intumescens var. fernaldii	Fernald’s Bladder Sedge	Spruce-fir forests, northern hardwood forests, grassy balds.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Manitoba, south to New York, n. Pennsylvania, Michigan, Minnesota, and, at higher elevations in the Appalachians, to w. Virginia, w. North Carolina, and e. Tennessee.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex intumescens var. intumescens	Bladder Sedge, Pregnant Sedge	Bogs, fens, seeps, wet forests.	Nova Scotia west to Wisconsin, south to c. peninsular Florida and e. Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex jamesii	James's Sedge	Nutrient-rich bottomlands, levee forests, and mesic slopes over calcareous or mafic rocks.	Maryland and New York west to Michigan, Minnesota, and e. Nebraska, south to c. South Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex joorii	Joor's Sedge, Hummock Sedge, Cypress-swamp Sedge	Swamps, upland depression swamps in the Piedmont, sphagnous wetlands.	E. Maryland south to n. peninsular Florida and Panhandle Florida, west to e. Texas, north in the interior to Tennessee, Missouri, and Oklahoma.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex juniperorum	Juniper Sedge	On edges of calcareous glades and barrens, in subxeric to submesic calcareous woodlands.	Known from a scattered and disjunct distribution: s. Ontario (alvars), s. Ohio and ne. Kentucky (calcareous glades and barrens), and Montgomery Co., Virginia (Belden et al. 2004) and Botetourt Co., Virginia (Townsend, pers. comm., 2008) (calcareous glades and barrens).	© Scott Ward
Cyperaceae	Carex kobomugi	Sea Isle Sedge, Japanese Beach Sedge, Asian Sand Sedge	Sand dunes, especially on fore-dunes.	Native of Japan.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex kraliana	Kral's Sedge	Mesic forests, slightly acidic to circumneutral.	Maryland, West Virginia (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), Ohio, and Indiana south to Panhandle Florida and Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex lacustris	Lakeshore Sedge, Lakeside Sedge	Calcareous spring marshes, freshwater to oligohaline tidal marshes.	Québec west to Saskatchewan, south to e. Virginia, w. Virginia, and Nebraska. Rejected from the Tennessee flora (Tennessee Flora Committee 2015).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex laeviconica	Smooth-cone Sedge	Moist forests and wetlands.	Ontario west to Saskatchewan, south to Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and Montana.	(c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex laevivaginata	Smooth-sheathed Sedge	Marshes, swamp forests, alluvial forests.	Massachusetts, Michigan, and Minnesota, south to Panhandle Florida, Alabama, and Missouri.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex lasiocarpa var. americana	Slender Sedge	In shallow water of alkaline spring seeps, on hummocks in acidic basin marshes, and in high elevation fen over amphibolite.	A circumboreal species; var. lasiocarpa is Eurasian, var. americana ranges from Newfoundland and Labrador west to Alaska, south to New Jersey, West Virginia, Maryland (C. Frye, pers. comm. 2000), Virginia, nw. North Carolina, Missouri, Iowa, Colorado, Utah, and n. California. Reported for the Ozark portion of Missouri (J. Thomas, pers. comm., 2020). First reported for Virginia by Wieboldt et al. (1998). Found for the first time in North Carolina in the valley of Long Hope Creek (Ashe County, North Carolina), in Jul 1999 by A.S. Weakley and P.D. McMillan.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex latebracteata	Waterfall's Sedge	Dry-mesic to mesic forests over calcareous or subcalcareous substrate.	Endemic to the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma.	(c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex laxiculmis	Spreading Sedge	Slope or alluvial forests, both acidic and rich.	Ontario and Québec, S. Maine west to s. Wisconsin and s. Iowa, south to North Carolina, nw. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988) and n. Alabama, w. to s. Missouri, Arkansas, and e. Oklahoma.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex laxiflora	Broad Loose-flowered Sedge	In a wide range of moist to dry, acidic to nutrient-rich forests.	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Ontario, south to Georgia, Florida Panhandle, Mississippi, and Louisiana.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex leavenworthii	Leavenworth’s Sedge	Dry forests, especially in sandy soils.	New York, Ontario, and Nebraska south to Panhandle Florida and Texas. Reported for Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016), and considered "likely non-native" there.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex leporina	Egg-bracted Sedge	Grassy balds, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia, and the west coast of North America. Known to range in North America from Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and New York south to w. North Carolina and ne. Tennessee.	(c) Butler, Joe Potter - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex leptalea ssp. harperi	Harper’s Sedge	Bogs, seeps, blackwater bottomlands, usually in saturated conditions with Sphagnum spp.	New Jersey south to c. peninsular Florida, west to Texas, inland in the interior to Indiana and Arkansas.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex leptalea ssp. leptalea	Bristly-stalk Sedge	Bogs, seeps, usually in saturated conditions with Sphagnum spp.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, South Dakota, New Mexico, and California.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex leptonervia	Nerveless Woodland Sedge	Nutrient-rich forests, such as rich, seepy northern hardwoods forests.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Minnesota, south to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Wisconsin, and in the Appalachians south to North Carolina and South Carolina (L.L. Gaddy, pers.comm., 2009).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex limosa	Mud Sedge	Bogs, swamps, wet meadows, medium to poor fens and bogs.	Circumboreal, south in North America to se. Pennsylvania (Dauphin County, Rhoads & Klein 1993; Rhoads & Block 2007), New Jersey, Delaware (historical), Ohio, Indiana, Nebraska, Utah, and California. More commonly northward in a variety of medium to poor peatlands. This inherently northern species of peatland habitats does occur very sparingly southward to portions of our region. It is extirpated from Delaware and is now apparently extant in only one or a few location(s) each in New Jersey and Ohio; but locally abundant and probably S3 in Pennsylvania (S. Grund, pers. comm., 2023). Carex limosa was likely never legitimately collected from s. Indiana and is considered S1 in the northern portions of the state (S. Namestnik, pers. comm., 2023).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex livida		Bogs and fens.	Circumboreal, south in North America to s. New Jersey, New York, Michigan, Indiana, Minnesota, Colorado, and California; also disjunct in Panama and South America.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex lonchocarpa	Southern Long Sedge	Pocosin margins, small blackwater stream swamps, bogs.	S. Maryland south to ne. Florida and Panhandle Florida, west to e. Texas; rarely inland, as in sc. Tennessee.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex longii	Long's Sedge	Bogs, low fields, bottomlands, oak flatwoods.	Nova Scotia west to Wisconsin, south to s. Florida and Texas; Mexico to Central America and n. South America.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex louisianica	Louisiana Sedge	Floodplain forests and other wet forests.	New Jersey south to ne. Florida, Panhandle Florida, west to Texas, north in the interior to Kentucky, Indiana, and Missouri; disjunct in ne. Ohio. McAvoy (2021) documented the occurrence of the species in Delaware.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex lucorum	Northern Woodland Sedge	Moist forests.	New Brunswick west to Minnesota, south to Maryland (Cecil County; C. Frye, pers. comm. based on specimen at DOV), Delaware (Knapp et al. 2011), and Pennsylvania.	(c) Wiegersma, Quinten - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex lupuliformis	Umbo Sedge, False Hop Sedge	Wet forests, floodplain pools, blackwater, tidal, and brownwater swamps, riverbanks, especially in or around seasonal ponded areas, maybe especially associated with alkaline areas.	Vermont and Québec west to se. Wisconsin, south to s. Florida and e. Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex lupulina	Hop Sedge	Bottomland forests, wet meadows, marshes, swamps.	Nova Scotia west to Minnesota, south to ne. Florida and e. Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex lurida	Sallow Sedge	Bogs, fens, swamps, marshes, ditches, and other wetlands.	Nova Scotia west to Minnesota, south to c. peninsular Florida, Panhandle Florida, and Mexico (Coahuila, México, Morelos, Veracruz).	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex lutea	Golden Sedge	Wet pine savannas shallowly underlain by coquina limestone, with open canopy of Taxodium ascendens, Pinus palustris, and Liriodendron tulipifera, also more acid substrates in Panhandle FL, where in wet pineland ecotones between sandhills and small stream swamps.	Known from isolated locations in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. Originally thought to be endemic to Pender and Onslow counties, North Carolina (where associated with other narrow endemics, such as Thalictrum cooleyi and Allium species 1, and other rare species, such as Plantago sparsiflora, Parnassia caroliniana, Rhynchospora thornei, and others), but discovered in 2021 in e. South Carolina (Francis Marion Newfoundland and Labrador) and Panhandle Florida (by Lilly Anderson-Messec).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex macrocephala		Sandy beaches.	Native of w. North America and ne. Asia.	(c) Krebs, Kevin - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex macrostachys		Waif.	Native of Italy.
Cyperaceae	Carex manhartii	Blue Ridge Purple Sedge, Manhart's Sedge	Cove forests and montane oak-hickory forests, mostly at medium to fairly high elevations, especially over mafic rocks (such as amphibolite) and calcareous rocks (such as marble), but occurring on more acidic substrates as well.	Endemic to s. West Virginia, sw. Virginia, w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, ne. Georgia, and se. Tennessee, in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Once considered very rare, this species is now known to be locally common in portions of sw. North Carolina and adjacent ne. Georgia. For more information on the Virginia occurrence, see Belden et al. (2004).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex meadii	Mead's Sedge	Mesic to wet prairies, loess prairies, limestone barrens and glades, open woodlands and savannas over calcareous substrates, on low, moist clayey or loamy soils over mafic or ultramafic rocks (such as diabase or serpentine) or calcareous rocks.	S. New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Saskatchewan, south to nc. South Carolina, nw. Georgia, sw. Louisiana, se. Texas, and Chihuahua.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex melanostachya		Ditches and wet or moist disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Cyperaceae	Carex merrittfernaldii		Dry sandy and other acid places.	New Brunswick west to Manitoba, south to New York (Long Island), n. Ohio, s. Wisconsin, and Minnesota.	(c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex mesochorea	Midland Sedge	Mesic to dry forests and woodlands, dry grassy areas.	Massachusetts, Ontario, and Nebraska south to Georgia, Alabama, and Texas. First reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997).	© Nathan Aaron
Cyperaceae	Carex michauxiana	Michaux's Sedge	Bogs, seeps, usually in Sphagnum.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) and Manitoba south to Massachusetts, n. Michigan, n. Wisconsin, n. Minnesota, and Saskatchewan; disjunct in w. Maryland.	(c) McCorquodale, David - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex microdonta	Little-tooth Sedge	Limestone glades, calcareous prairies, Jackson prairies (MS), limestone barrens, and dry Black Belt chalk prairies, including disturbed sites, where often locally dominant.	Alabama and Panhandle Florida west to Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex misera	Wretched Sedge	Moderate to high elevation cliffs and rock outcrops.	A Southern Blue Ridge endemic: nw. North Carolina and w. Tennessee south to ne. Georgia (Rabun County) and nw. South Carolina. Discovered for South Carolina in 2022 (S. Tessel, pers.comm. 2022).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex missouriensis	Missouri Sedge	Prairie swales.	Wc. Indiana, Illinois west through s. Iowa and Missouri to se. Nebraska and e. Kansas	(c) Sorrells, Ryan - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex mitchelliana	Mitchell's Sedge	Swampy woodlands and forests, seeps.	Se. Massachusetts, c. New York, nw. Pennsylvania, and ne. Ohio south south to e. Georgia, Panhandle Florida, s. Alabama, and c. Mississippi. This species has a scattered distribution throughout its range, and is apparently rare.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex molesta	Troublesome Sedge	Dry to moist calcareous soils in calcareous glades and open woodlands.	New Hampshire west to North Dakota, south to Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Oklahoma.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex molestiformis	Frightful Sedge	Bottomland forests, wet meadows, ditches, ravines, especially over calcareous substrates.	W. Virginia, West Virginia, s. Ohio, c. Kentucky, and c. Missouri south to nw. North Carolina, n. Georgia, c. Tennessee, n. Mississippi, sw. Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma (likely to be more widespread and more common in some areas, after further study).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex muehlenbergii var. enervis	Muhlenberg’s Sedge	Dry and often acidic woodlands and meadows.	New Hampshire west to Minnesota and Nebraska, south to Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas; Mexico.	(c) Campos, Aidan
Cyperaceae	Carex muehlenbergii var. muehlenbergii	Muehlenberg’s Sedge	Dry to dry-mesic hammocks and woodlands.	Maine, Ontario, and Minnesota south to Panhandle Florida and c. Texas.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex muricata ssp. lamprocarpa		Fields, pastures, lawns, disturbed areas.	A European alien, with known occurrences south through New Jersey, e. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Block 2007) Delaware and Maryland.
Cyperaceae	Carex muskingumensis	Muskingum Sedge	Floodplain forests.	Ontario and Minnesota south to Kentucky, Tennessee, e. Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Sometimes planted east and southward but not appearing to depart from cultivation.	(c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex nebrascensis	Nebraska Sedge	Wet meadows, swamps, moist areas.	Native of w. North America.	(c) House, Nina - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex nigromarginata	Black-edged Sedge	Dry woodlands and forests.	Delaware and New Jersey west to Wisconsin, south to South Carolina, Georgia, and possibly Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex normalis	Greater Straw Sedge	Mesic to wet forests, moist prairies, marshes, seeps.	Maine, Québec, and Ontario south to Georgia and Arkansas.	(c) Marcum, Paul - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex novae-angliae	New England Sedge	Moist forests.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Ontario, south to e. Pennsylvania, n. West Virginia, and Wisconsin.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex oblita	Southern Dark Green Sedge	Bogs, seeps, sphagnous swamps. and other wet habitats.	New York (Long Island) and New Jersey south to sc. Georgia, west to w. Louisiana, mostly on the Coastal Plain, but extending much less commonly inland to the Piedmont and Mountains.	(c) Weakley, Alan
Cyperaceae	Carex oklahomensis	Oklahoma Sedge	Seepages, disturbed wetlands, roadside ditches, eastwards probably adventive.	Se. Missouri west to Kansas, south to Arkansas, and ne. Texas; disjunct (and apparently adventive) in various scattered sites east of the Mississippi River, as in Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, w. North Carolina (Graham County) and w. Virginia (Giles County). First reported for Virginia by Wieboldt et al. (1998). See Bryson & Rothrock (2010) for further discussion; they consider that this species is "introduced during highway and reservoir construction or maintenance in contaminated hay, grass seeds or on construction, maintenance, and mowing equipment."	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex oligocarpa	Eastern Few-fruited Sedge	Rich forests, over calcareous or mafic rocks.	Massachusetts west to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas. C. oligocarpa sensu stricto is in South Carolina (P. McMillan, pers. comm., specimen at CLEMS).	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex oligosperma	Few-seeded Sedge	Bogs, fens, and seeps at high elevations in the s. Appalachian mountains, abundant but local in temperate and boreal peatlands further northward, particularly in acidic bogs and poor fens.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Northwest Territories, south to Connecticut, c. Pennsylvania, n. Ohio, n. Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; disjunct southwards at high elevations in ne. West Virginia (Hardy County) and w. North Carolina (Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga counties).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex opaca	Opaque Sedge	Prairies, eastwards in disturbed areas, such as introduced at old railroad livestock yard and well-established.	Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas south to Mississippi, Arkansas, and Oklahoma.	© Nathan Aaron
Cyperaceae	Carex ormostachya	Necklace Spike Sedge	Northern hardwood forests.	S. Canada south to Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, w. Virginia (Augusta County), e. West Virginia, n. Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin.	(c) Wiegersma, Quinten - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex ouachitana	Ouachita Mountain Sedge	Dry to dry-mesic slope and ridge forests.	Disjunct in nc. Tennessee and sc. Kentucky from the Interior Highlands of w. Arkansas and e. Oklahoma.	(c) Ward, Scott - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex oxylepis	Sharp-scaled Sedge	Bottomlands, calcareous forests.	Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Oklahoma south to c. peninsular Florida and Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex ozarkana	Ozark Sedge	Seeps, streambanks, depressions in prairies.	Arkansas and e. Oklahoma south to n. Louisiana and e. Texas.
Cyperaceae	Carex paeninsulae	Peninsula Sedge	Mesic hammocks.	Endemic to Florida peninsula, north into ne. Florida (Suwanee and Duval counties).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex pallescens	Pale Sedge	Grassy balds at high elevations, other grassy openings.	Circumboreal (in ne. North America and n. Eurasia); in North America ranging from Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland), Québec, and Minnesota, south to w. North Carolina, e. Tennessee, and Michigan. C. pallescens is reported to occur on Big Bald, Unicoi County, Tennessee, immediately adjacent to the North Carolina line (Churchill et al. 1992). Found in WN in 2025 (pers.comm.).	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex panicea	Grasslike Sedge	Wet to dry, usually sandy, acidic fields.	Native of Europe.	(c) Hacker, Patrick - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex pauciflora	Few-flowered Sedge	Open bogs.	Circumboreal, south in North America to New York, West Virginia (Grant, Randolph, and Tucker counties), Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Washington.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex paupercula	Boreal Bog Sedge	Sphagnum bogs, boggy swamps.	Circumboreal, south in North America to n. New Jersey, c. Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, New Mexico, and Washington.
Cyperaceae	Carex peckii	Peck's Sedge	Mesic to dry calcareous rocky slopes and open forests, alvars.	Boreal North America, reaching furthest south to n. New Jersey, New York, n. Ohio, s. Michigan, s. Wisconsin, e. Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, and British Columbia.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex pedunculata	Longstalk Sedge	Nutrient-rich dry to mesic forests, usually over calcareous or mafic rocks.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland), Saskatchewan, and North Dakota, south to New Jersey, w. Virginia, sw. North Carolina (Gaddy et al. 1984), nw. South Carolina (Gaddy et al. 1984), nw. Georgia (Dade County) (Jones & Coile 1988), n. Alabama, c. Indiana, c. Illinois, and n. Iowa; disjunct in s. Missouri (Aaron 2024).	(c) Aaron, Nathan - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex pellita	Woolly Sedge	Calcareous fens, wet meadows, depression swamps.	New Brunswick west to British Columbia, south to sc. North Carolina, w. Virginia, sc. North Carolina (Suther Prairie, Cabarrus County), sc. Tennessee (May Prairie, Coffee County), e. Tennessee, Arkansas, and California.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex pendula	Pendulous Sedge	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Introduced in Virginia (FNA; Kartesz 1999, 2022).	(c) jamie-aa - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex pensylvanica	Pennsylvania Sedge	Dry to moist woodlands and forests, grassy balds, shale barrens, rock outcrops.	Maine west to s, Manitoba and North Dakota, south to Virginia, Kentucky, and Arkansas.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex perdentata	Sandstone Sedge	Thin soils over sandstone, granite, or limestone, juniper-hardwood woodlands.	Oklahoma south to c. Texas.
Cyperaceae	Carex picta	Painted Sedge	Dry to dry-mesic oak-hickory forests.	S. Indiana south through Kentucky and c. Tennessee to nc. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), c. Alabama, and e. Louisiana.	(c) Cressler, Alan M.
Cyperaceae	Carex pigra	Lazy Sedge	Moist forests, bottomlands.	Se. Virginia west to se. and sc. Tennessee, south to n. Florida, s. Alabama, and ne. Mississippi.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex planispicata	Flat-spiked Sedge	Rich to fairly acid mesic forests, on slopes and floodplains.	C. New Jersey west to s. Indiana, se. Missouri, and se. Oklahoma, south to c. Georgia, s. Mississippi, and se. Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex planostachys	Cedar Sedge	Juniper woodlands.	Arkansas and Oklahoma south and west to Texas, New Mexico, s. Arizona, and Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, México, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, TLX, Zacatecas).	(c) Campos, Aidan
Cyperaceae	Carex plantaginea	Plantainleaf Sedge, Seersucker Sedge	Rich cove forests, mostly over mafic or calcareous rocks, montane alluvial forests.	New Brunswick west to Minnesota, south to Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, ne. Georgia (Rabun, Habersham, Stephens counties) and nw Georgia (Dade Co.; Cloudland Canyon State Park), ne. Alabama, e. Tennessee, c. Tennessee, Kentucky, and s. Indiana.	(c) Ward, Scott - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex platyphylla	Broadleaf Sedge	Rich cove forests, mostly over mafic or calcareous rock.	Maine and s. Québec west to Wisconsin, south to , nw. South Carolina, North Carolina, e. Tennessee. An older record (1980) labeled as Howard Co., Missouri (just barely entering our flora area) was later corrected to Howard Co., Maryland (D. Soteropoulos, pers. comm.; 2025).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex polymorpha	Variable Sedge	Dry, acidic ridgetop forests.	Maine south to Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia.	(c) Semmling, Bonnie - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex praegracilis	Freeway Sedge	Medians of interstate highways.	Native of w. North America south to c. Mexico. This species is apparently spreading through ne. North America as the result of the winter salting of highways.	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex prairea	Prairie Sedge	Calcareous fens and spring marshes, wet prairies, marshes, bottomlands.	Québec west to Yukon Territory, south to New Jersey, w. Virginia, Ohio, Nebraska, Montana, and British Columbia.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex prasina	Drooping Sedge	Seepage swamps, brook banks, rocky stream margins, rich forests.	Maine, Ontario, and Wisconsin south to Georgia, Mississippi, and Arkansas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex projecta	Necklace Sedge	Moist forests, fens.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland), Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador), and Saskatchewan south to Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and eastward to Tennessee, South Carolina and Georgia.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex pseudocyperus	Flatsedge Sedge	Calcareous swamps and marshes.	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Alberta, south to n. New Jersey, ne. and nw. Pennsylvania, n. Ohio, n. Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and South Dakota; Eurasia, n. Africa.	(c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex pumila		Open disturbed sand flats.	Native of e. Asia.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex purpurifera	Limestone Purple Sedge	Moist, rich cove forests, at low elevations, over calcareous or mafic rocks.	West Virginia (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), w. Virginia and Kentucky south to n. Georgia and n. Alabama, mostly west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, but with scattered disjunct populations on calcareous or mafic sites in the Blue Ridge.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex radfordii	Radford's Sedge	Very nutrient-rich, moist cove forests in the Blue Ridge Escarpment region, over calcareous or mafic rocks (especially along the Brevard Fault).	Endemic to the Blue Ridge Escarpment of sw. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, and ne. Georgia.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex radiata	Eastern Star Sedge	Mesic to wet-mesic forests.	Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, and Oklahoma.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex reniformis	Kidney Sedge	Floodplain forests (including blackwater), marshes, ditches, other wet areas.	Virginia, Illinois, and Oklahoma south to Florida Panhandle and Texas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex retroflexa	Reflexed Sedge	Dry to mesic forests, especially over base-rich substrates.	Maine, Michigan and Iowa, south to n. peninsular Florida and Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex retrorsa		Bottomland forests and nutrient-rich moist forests.	New Brunswick and British Columbia, south to n. New Jersey, sc. Pennsylvania, Illinois, Utah; reported, apparently erroneously, for Delaware and Maryland.	(c) Kluge, Mark - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex reznicekii	Reznicek’s Sedge	Dry to mesic forests and woodlands.	Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Missouri, south to South Carolina, sw. Georgia, se. Alabama, Panhandle Florida, n. Mississippi and Arkansas. To be expected in West Virginia.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex richardsonii	Richardson’s Sedge	Open meadows over serpentine; westwards in moist prairies, hill prairies, sand dunes	Vermont west to Alberta, south to District of Columbia, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and South Dakota.	(c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex roanensis	Roan Mountain Sedge	Cove forests, moderate to high elevation oak forests, northern hardwood forests.	Sw. Pennsylvania, w. Virginia, and e. West Virginia south through e. Kentucky, e. Tennessee, w. North Carolina to se. Tennessee and nw. Georgia (Smith & Waterway 2008; Smith et al. 2006). First reported for Virginia by Wieboldt et al. (1998).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex rosea	Rosy Sedge	Dry to dry-mesic hardwood forests, especially over basic substrates.	Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to Florida Panhandle and Texas; disjunct in New Mexico w. South Dakota, and ne. Wyoming.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex rugosperma	Parachute Sedge	Old fields, shallow soils of rock outcrops, exposed forest margins.	Prince Edward Island west to Minnesota, south to Georgia, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997).	(c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex ruthii	Ruth's Sedge	Seepage areas, in forest or open areas.	A Southern Appalachian endemic: sw. Virginia south through w. North Carolina and e. Tennessee to nw. South Carolina and n. Georgia.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex sangamonensis	Midwestern Blunt Broom Sedge, Sangamon Sedge	Bottomland forests, marshes.	Ohio, Illinois, and Kansas, south to South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. Disjunct in c. Mexico (Veracruz).	(c) Keesling, Jim - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex sartwellii	Sartwell’s Sedge	Bottomland and mesic upland prairies.	Québec west to British Columbia, south to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Colorado, and Idaho.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex scabrata	Eastern Rough Sedge	Seepage slopes, forested seeps, brook-banks, often in shade.	Nova Scotia west to Michigan, south to New Jersey, n. Georgia, Ohio, and n. Indiana; disjunct in sw. Missouri.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex schweinitzii	Schweinitz's Sedge	Calcareous fens, spring marshes, seeps, wet meadows, bogs.	Vermont west to n. Michigan, south to New Jersey (and Missouri?); disjunct in Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland). The distribution of this species is local and fragmented. Reported occurrences of C. schweinitzii in w. North Carolina are based on misidentification of C. utriculata. Rejected from the Tennessee flora (Tennessee Flora Committee 2015).	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex scoparia	Broom Sedge	Bogs, swamp forests, marshes, seepy ledges, ditches. In a variety of marshes and broad wetland types northward and often one of the most commonly encountered of section Ovales (seemingly replaced by the widely occurring C. longii southward into the southeastern coastal plain).	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to British Columbia, south to Georgia (?) and California. Specimens towards the southern range of this species require herbarium confirmation.	(c) Marcum, Paul - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex secalina	Rye Sedge		Native of Europe.	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex seorsa	Weak Stellate Sedge	Swamp forests in acid, organic soils.	Massachusetts south to Georgia and Panhandle Florida in the Coastal Plain, scattered inland westward to New York, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee.	(c) Brinker, Samuel - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex shinnersii	Shinners's Sedge	Ephemeral wetlands.	Kansas south through w. Arkansas and Oklahoma to ne. Texas.	(c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex shortiana	Short's Sedge	Calcareous bottomlands, moist forests, and meadows.	Pennsylvania, s. Ontario, Illinois, and Iowa, south to w. Virginia, e. Tennessee, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. A population from just within the Mississippi border along the MS river (Coahoma County) appears to be correctly identified (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/77179818). This species has a unique distribution, largely being centered in the midwest but dropping out northwards and southwards. It also becomes rare eastwards (e.g., NY, PA, VA).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex siccata	Bronze Sedge	Dry upland habitats.	Maine and Northwest Territories south to New Jersey, West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, and Arizona.	(c) Bélair, Annie - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex silicea	Seabeach Sedge	Interdune swales, beaches, maritime woodlands.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) south to Virginia, along the coast.	(c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex socialis	Low Woodland Sedge	Blackwater and brownwater swamp forests and bottomlands, forested seepage areas.	Se. and sc. North Carolina south to e. Georgia, west to e. Texas, and north in the interior to s. Indiana, s. Illinois, and se. Missouri.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex sparganioides	Bur-reed sedge	Dry to moist, usually nutrient-rich forests.	Maine, Ontario, Minnesota, and South Dakota south to Georgia, Arkansas, and Kansas. Records entangled with C. aggregata.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex species 3	Fen Sedge	Ultramafic fens.	Endemic (so far as is known) to the Glades, Alleghany County, North Carolina and Grayson County, Virginia.
Cyperaceae	Carex species 4		Thin soils over acidic gneiss.	Endemic (so far as is known) to Alleghany County, North Carolina.
Cyperaceae	Carex species 5		In seepage in thin soils over granite and granitic gneiss.	Buncombe County North Carolina south to Greenville County, South Carolina and Rabun County, Georgia.
Cyperaceae	Carex species 6	Balsam Sedge	Spruce-fir forests, northern hardwoods forests, and grassy balds.	W. North Carolina and e. Tennessee.
Cyperaceae	Carex species 7		Moderate to high elevation oak, acid coves, and other hardwood forests.	Southern Appalachians and nearby, lower elevation provinces, the distribution still poorly known, probably Virginia and Kentucky south to South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama.
Cyperaceae	Carex species 8		Northern hardwood forests.	South to Blackwater Falls State Park, West Virginia.
Cyperaceae	Carex spicata	Prickly Sedge	Fields, lawns, cracks in sidewalks.	Native of Europe and w. Asia. Reported as south to s. New Jersey, n. Delaware, c. Maryland. Virginia reports said to be erroneous in FNA, but correct records have been recorded since. Undoubtedly more common than records indicate.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex sprengelii	Sprengel's Sedge, Long-beaked Sedge	Calcareous forests, woodlands, outcrops, prairies, rich woods and alluvial areas.	Québec west to Alaska, south to n. New Jersey, e. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Block 2007), n. Delaware (historical, New Castle Co.; B. McAvoy, pers. comm.), Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, nw. Missouri, and New Mexico.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex squarrosa	Squarrose Sedge	Bottomland forests, tidal swamps.	Connecticut west to se. Maine and Nebraska, south to North Carolina, n. South Carolina, and Arkansas.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex sterilis	Sterile Sedge	Mafic and calcareous fens and swamps.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Nunavut and Saskatchewan, south to sw. Virginia (Grayson County), ne. Tennessee (formerly), nw. North Carolina (Alleghany County, P. McMillan 2454), Illinois, and Missouri. First reported for Virginia by Wieboldt et al. (1998).	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex stipata var. maxima	Large Stalk-grain Sedge	Marshes, ditches, sloughs, alluvial forests, cypress-gum forests.	New Jersey south to c. peninsular Florida, west to Texas, north in the interior to s. Missouri, s. Indiana, w. Tennessee, and w. Kentucky, primarily on the Coastal Plain.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex stipata var. stipata	Stalk-grain Sedge, Awl-fruit Sedge	Marshes, ditches, alluvial forests.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to South Carolina, Tennessee, Kansas, and New Mexico; e. Asia (Japan, China).	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex straminea	Straw Sedge	Pools in river scours, fresh tidal and nontidal marshes, other wetlands, wet oak savannas.	Massachusetts west to Wisconsin, south to North Carolina, Kentucky, and Missouri.	(c) Curtis, Rob - CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex striata var. brevis	Walter’s Sedge	Pocosins, limesink ponds, small depression ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, acid peaty swamps, wet savannas (dominated by Pinus serotina and/or Taxodium ascendens).	E. Massachusetts south to South Carolina.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex striata var. striata	Walter’s Sedge, Pocosin Sedge	Pocosins, limesink ponds, small depression ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, acid peaty swamps, wet savannas (dominated by Pinus serotina and/or Taxodium ascendens).	South Carolina south to c. Florida and Panhandle Florida.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex striatula	Lined Sedge	Bottomland and other nutrient-rich forests.	Connecticut, se. New York, Pennsylvania, s. Ohio, and w. Kentucky south to n. Florida, Panhandle Florida, and s. Mississippi. Former attribution of a wider distribution to the west (west of the Mississippi River) represents Carex ignota.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex stricta	Tussock Sedge, Upright Sedge	Bogs, sedge-grass meadows, seeps, swamps, depression ponds, old beaver ponds.	Québec and Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex styloflexa	Bent Sedge	Bogs, wet forests, acid stream swamps.	Connecticut west to s. Ohio, south to c. peninsular Florida and se. Texas. Reported from Ashley Co., Arkansas (Sundell, Hartrick & Hartrick 6632), but the spikes, perigynium beaks and habitat description don't match this species (S. Ward, pers. obs.; 2025); they are likely instead C. ignota.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex suberecta	Prairie Straw Sedge	Fens, calcareous wetlands, marshes, wet prairies.	Ontario and Minnesota south to sw. Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Arkansas, and Texas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex superata	Limestone Forest Sedge	Mesic calcareous forests and woodlands.	Sc. North Carolina, nc. South Carolina, sw. Virginia, sc. Kentucky, and ne. Mississippi, south to Panhandle Florida and s. Alabama. Reported for sw. Virginia (as C. willdenowii var. megarrhyncha) by Wieboldt et al. (1998).	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex swanii	Swan’s Sedge	Nutrient-rich forests, woodlands, and openings.	Nova Scotia, s. Michigan, s. Wisconsin, south to nw. South Carolina and ne. Arkansas.	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex sylvatica	European Woodland Sedge	Pastures, lawns.	Native of Europe.	(c) Harant, Petr - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex tenax	Wiry Sedge	Open white sands of longleaf pine sandhills.	Sc. North Carolina south to Panhandle Florida, west to Mississippi; also in sw. Louisiana and se. Texas.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex tenera	Slender Sedge, Quill Sedge	Low forests, upland forests over hardpans, mesic prairies, wet ditches.	Nova Scotia west to British Columbia, south to Maryland, West Virginia, s. Ohio, s. Indiana, s. Illinois, South Dakota, n. New Mexico, Idaho, and Washington. Confusion in reporting of past records has obscured the distribution.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex tetanica	Rigid Sedge	Moist forests, calcareous seeps, calcareous fens, wet prairies, wet meadows.	Massachusetts west to Minnesota, Nebraska, and Alberta, south to New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, e. Tennessee (Campbell County; A. Floden, pers. comm.), Missouri, n. Arkansas, and Nebraska. Reports from North Carolina are all based on misidentifications.	(c) Aaron, Nathan - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex tetrastachya	Four-angle Sedge	Wet prairies, marshes, and swamps over calcareous substrates, disturbed areas.	Sc. Kansas and Oklahoma south to Louisiana and s. Texas.
Cyperaceae	Carex texensis	Texas Sedge	Lawns, pastures, roadsides, usually weedy, especially in rocky or sandy soils.	New York, Ohio, and Kansas south to Florida and Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex thornei	Thorne's Sedge	Mesic deciduous forests, often in the upper floodplain.	Endemic to the drainage of the Apalachicola/Chattahoochee and Flint in s. Georgia and s. Alabama south to Panhandle Florida.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex timida	Timid Sedge	Calcareous, dry to mesic woodlands and forests.	Scattered and disjunct, from Ohio, Indiana, s. Illinois, and s. Missouri to Kentucky, Tennessee, n. Alabama, and Arkansas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex tonsa	Shaved Sedge	Dry rock outcrops, xeric disturbed areas, old fields.	Québec west to Alberta, south to Virginia, West Virginia (Vanderhorst et al. 2013), nw. South Carolina, n. Georgia, e. Tennessee, Indiana, and Wisconsin.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex torta	Streambed Sedge, Twisted Sedge	Rocky streambeds, often dominant in patches in the beds of mountain streams, along their banks, and on rocky or cobbly islands.	Nova Scotia west to Ontario, south to sc. North Carolina, South Carolina (Gaddy 1981), nc. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), Alabama, nw. Mississippi, w. Arkansas, and e. Oklahoma.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex triangularis	Eastern Fox Sedge	Moist forests, ditches, other wet sites.	South Carolina and Georgia west to Kansas and Texas.	(c) Campos, Aidan
Cyperaceae	Carex tribuloides	Blunt Broom Sedge	Bottomland forests.	New Brunswick west to Minnesota and Nebraska, south to c. peninsular Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Missouri, and Kansas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex trichocarpa	Hairy-fruited Sedge	Calcareous fens, wet meadows, marshes.	Québec west to Minnesota, south to Delaware, w. North Carolina, West Virginia, Indiana, and Missouri.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex trisperma	Three-seeded Sedge	Bogs, seeps, and swamps at high elevations (in NC and VA), usually growing in living Sphagnum, in shaded situations under shrubs or trees in montane wetlands, northward in bogs at low elevations.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) west to Saskatchewan, south to New Jersey, Maryland, Ohio, n. Indiana, Illinois, and Minnesota; and in the mountains to w. North Carolina and West Virginia.	(c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex tuckermanii		Calcareous swampy forests and wet meadows.	New Brunswick and Minnesota south to West Virginia, sc. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Illinois. A report for Alleghany County, North Carolina appears to be erroneous.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Carex turgescens	Pinebarren Sedge	Sandhill seepage bogs, streamhead pocosins, pocosin-sandhill ecotones, canebrakes, cypress domes and stringers, in highly acidic, sandy-peaty soils.	Sc. North Carolina south to Panhandle Florida, west to se. Louisiana, a Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex typhina	Cattail Sedge	Bottomland forests, swamp forests.	Maine and Québec west to Wisconsin and se. Minnesota, south to Georgia, Panhandle Florida, and e. Texas.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex umbellata	Parasol Sedge	Limestone barrens, other barrens and glades, old fields, mowed areas, other open habitats.	Greenland west to Alberta, south to Georgia and Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex utriculata	Beaked Sedge	Wet meadows, calcareous seeps, spring marshes.	Circumboreal, ranging south in North America to Delaware, w. Virginia, nw. and sw. North Carolina, ne. Tennessee (Johnson County, where perhaps extirpated), Indiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, California, and n. Mexico; n. Eurasia. Recently verified for North Carolina.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex venusta	Dark Green Sedge	Bay swamps, peat bogs, mossy wetlands, and other wet habitats.	Se. Virginia south to Panhandle Florida, on the Coastal Plain.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex verrucosa		Pocosins, wet pinelands, pondcypress ponds, domes, stringers, and savannas.	Se. North Carolina south to south to s. Florida, west to w. Louisiana and e. Texas.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex vesicaria	Inflated Sedge	Bogs, spring marshes, depression ponds, mafic fens.	Circumboreal, ranging south in North America to Delaware, w. Virginia, nw. North Carolina, Kentucky, Indiana, Missouri, New Mexico, and California.	(c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex vestita	Velvet Sedge	Low forests, bogs, seepage swamps, wet clearings and depressions.	S. Maine south to se. Virginia, sc. Tennessee (historical), c. North Carolina, and ne. Alabama (Dekalb Co.; Naczi 2891). See Ungberg (2022) for discussion of its occurrence in North Carolina.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex vexans	Florida Hammock Sedge, Vexed Sedge	Marshes, ditches, swamps, hydric hammocks.	E. Panhandle Florida south to s. Florida.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Carex virescens	Ribbed Sedge	Nutrient-rich forests, woodlands, and openings.	S. Maine, New York, and s. Michigan, south to e. Virginia, w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, and Missouri.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Carex viridistellata		Calcareous fens.	C. Michigan and n. Indiana south to extreme s. Ohio and c. Indiana.	(c) Bourgoin, Sheila Collins - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Carex viridula	Green Sedge	Calcareous sand flats, pond shores, fens.	Circumboreal, south in North America to n. New Jersey, e. Pennsylvania, nw. Pennsylvania, c. Ohio, n. Indiana, ne. Illinois, Wisconsin, South Dakota, New Mexico, Utah, and California.	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Carex vulpinoidea	Fox Sedge	Low fields, ditches, fens, seeps, tidal freshwater marshes, other wet (and especially disturbed) sites.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) west to British Columbia, south to Florida, Texas, Sonora, and California, and Mexico (Michoacán, Oaxaca, Sonora).	(c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA
Cyperaceae	Carex wiegandii	Wiegand's Sedge	Bogs.	Newfoundland and Labrador west to Ontario, south to Massachusetts, nc. Pennsylvania, Michigan.	(c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Carex willdenowii	Willdenow’s Sedge	Calcareous mesic forests, but also in more acidic dry-mesic upland oak forests.	Massachusetts, Vermont, New York, s. Ontario, and c. Indiana, south to nc. South Carolina, n. Alabama, and s. Illinois; disjunct in c. Arkansas.	(c) Marcum, Paul
Cyperaceae	Carex woodii	Wood's Sedge	Moist slopes and cove forests over mafic rocks (such as amphibolite), ultramafic rocks (such as olivine), or felsic rocks.	New York west to Manitoba, south to North Carolina, nw. South Carolina (Gaddy et al. 1984), and n. Georgia, disjunct in sc. Missouri (Howell County).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Cladium	Sawgrass, Twig-rush, Twig-sedge			(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Cladium californicum	Western Sawgrass	Along streams on limestone.	E. edge of the Edwards Plateau (including Bastrop County, Texas), west to California, south into Mexico (Coahuila).
Cyperaceae	Cladium jamaicense	Sawgrass, Jonc coupant (frc), Lames d'épée (frc)	In circumneutral to alkaline situations, including brackish marshes and oligohaline freshwater marshes, widespread inland in FL over limestone or oolite (notably in the Everglades of s. FL), and also inland in pine savannas underlain by coquina limestone (NC) or in salt glades (s. AR) or calcareous fens (MO).	Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).	(c) Ward, Scott G
Cyperaceae	Cladium mariscoides	Twig-rush, Fen-sedge, Smooth Sawgrass	In strongly acidic to circumneutral situations, including acidic seepage at the margins of brackish marshes, in wet flats under Pinus serotina and Taxodium ascendens (Gaddy & Rayner 1980), in mucky seepage bogs in the fall-line sandhills, in peaty fens and bogs in the Mountains (especially over mafic or ultramafic rocks, such as amphibolite), in oligohaline tidal marshes and interdune ponds.	Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Saskatchewan Widespread and rather common north of the glacial boundary, with scattered and disjunct occurrences southward in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Panhandle Florida, n. Kentucky (Clark et al. 2005), s. Alabama, se. Mississippi (Sorrie & Leonard 1999), and e. Texas. Bridges, Orzell, & Burkhalter (1993) discussed in detail the phytogeography of this plant, particularly in reference to its southern occurrences, which are curiously fragmented and disjunct.	(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Cyperaceae	Sedge Family			(c) Fleming, Gary P.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus	Umbrella Sedge, Coco-grass			(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Cyperus acuminatus	Pointed Flatsedge	Wet meadows or depressions, especially in glades, barrens, or woodlands over limestone; also ditches and sidewalk cracks.	Illinois west to North Dakota, south to w. Louisiana, Texas, and n. Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas); disjunct from Washington to s. California; disjunct eastward at scattered localities in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia (Echols 2007), Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio (where probably native), and New York and New Hampshire (where probably introduced).	(c) Campos, Aidan
Cyperaceae	Cyperus aggregatus		Disturbed areas; in NJ and PA, apparently introduced on ballast, and no longer present in some places in our region.	Native of tropical America.	(c) Taseski, Guy - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Cyperus albostriatus		Disturbed riparian and mesic slope forests.	Native of s. Africa.	(c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Cyperus alopecuroides		Disturbed wet areas.	Native of Old World tropics. Reported for Florida in FNA and for Mississippi in Kartesz (2022).	(c) Frumkin, Ron - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG
Cyperaceae	Cyperus aristulatus		Moist ground.	Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, and Washington south to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Mexico.	(c) Zika, Peter - CC-BY-NC
Cyperaceae	Cyperus articulatus	Chintúl	Marshes, tidal and non-tidal.	Se. South Carolina (formerly) south to s. Florida west to e. Texas, and south into tropical America.	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Cyperus bipartitus	Slender Flatsedge, Shining Flatsedge	Depression ponds, low fields, ditches, marshes, muddy river shores, along streams, especially in seasonally flooded situations.	Maine and Québec west to Minnesota and Washington, south to Florida (Wakulla County) (Kunzer et al. 2009), Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; also south through Mexico, Central America and South America (POWO 2024). The holotype is from New Orleans, Louisiana (NYBG11632), although the species may be historical there.	(c) Danielson, Erik
Cyperaceae	Cyperus blepharoleptos	Cuban-bulrush	Ponds and marshes, especially in floating vegetation mats, ditches.	Tropical America; very likely accidentally introduced in the Southeastern US via shipping (first known occurrences in Mobile, Alabama in 1882 and New Orleans, Louisiana in 1889).	(c) Bradley, Keith
Cyperaceae	Cyperus breviculmis			Waif in Mississippi (Kartesz 2022).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus brevifolioides	Asiatic Greenhead Sedge	River sand bars, tidal marshes, tidal shores, moist soils of pastures and ditches.	Apparently introduced and native of e. Asia. Its distribution in North America is still somewhat obscure (because of confusion with C. brevifolius), but it is currently known from scattered locations in North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, New Jersey, Delaware, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Kentucky. Reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997), as K. brevifolioides.	(c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY
Cyperaceae	Cyperus brevifolius	Perennial Greenhead Sedge	Moist soils of fields, ditches, lawns.	Pantropical, north in North America to n. North Carolina, se. Oklahoma, and California. Likely to occur in s. Virginia.	(c) Horn, Jay
Cyperaceae	Cyperus cephalanthus	Buttonbush Flatsedge	Coastal prairies.	Louisiana west to se. Texas. This species has sometimes been considered to also occur in South America (Brazil to n. Argentina), but this is a different and related species.	(c) Romero, Bob - CC-BY-NC
Cyperaceae	Cyperus compressus	Poorland Flatsedge	Sandy fields, disturbed areas.	Pantropical and warm temperate, north in North America to s. New York, s. Ohio, s. Illinois, and e. Texas, the northern extent of the native range uncertain. Reported for s. Indiana (Clark County) by Namestnik, Pilla, & Thomas (2025).	(c) Horn, Jay

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Flora of the Southeastern United States

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