| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus compressus | Poorland Flatsedge | Sandy fields, disturbed areas. | Pantropical and warm temperate, north in North America to s. NY, s. OH, s. IL, and e. TX, the northern extent of the native range uncertain. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus conglobatus | ||||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus croceus | Baldwin’s Flatsedge | Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, disturbed areas. | NJ and MO south through the New World tropics. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus cuspidatus | Sandy fields, disturbed areas. | S. SC south to FL, west to LA; New World tropics. Probably only introduced in the Southeastern United States. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus dentatus | Toothed Flatsedge | Low sandy areas, sand and cobble bars, sandy shorelines, Shenandoah Valley sinkhole ponds. | NS and QC south to n. VA; disjunct inland in w. VA, se. TN, and nw. IN. Previous reports from further south in the Coastal Plain appear to be based on material of C. lecontei. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus diandrus | Umbrella Flatsedge | Interdune swales, ponds, exposed river and lake shores, usually where seasonally ponded. | ME west to ND, south to VA, c. TN, n. AL, IL, MO, and IA. |  (c) Brinker, Samuel - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus difformis | Variable Flatsedge, Smallflower Umbrella Sedge | Disturbed areas. | Native of Old World tropics. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus digitatus | Finger Flatsedge | Disturbed wet areas. | Pantropical, north in North America to FL Panhandle, LA, and TX. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus distans | Marshes; probably introduced from tropical America. | Native of Neotropics and Paleotropics. |  (c) Chen, Jacy - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus distinctus | Marshes, wet pine flatwoods, wet hammocks, ditches. | E. SC south to Panhandle FL and s. FL; se. LA; Bahamas (New Providence Cay). |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus drummondii | Drummond's Flatsedge | Flatwoods ponds, savannas, coastal prairies, ditches, disturbed depressions. | SC south to Panhandle FL, west to e. TX; West Indies; Central America; South America. Reported for several counties in the GA Coastal Plain (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009). Reported for SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, and TX (USDA Plants 2009). | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus echinatus | Round-headed Flatsedge, Globe Flatsedge | Sandy woodlands, forests, fields, thin soils on outcrops, sand and gravel bars. | CT and NY west to s. OH, IL, and se. KS, south to n. FL, TX, and ne. Mexico. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus elegans | Royal Flatsedge, Sticky Flatsedge | Ditches, wet open areas, coastal rock barrens. | FL, AL, MS, TX, and NM, south to South America; West Indies. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus engelmannii | Slender Sand Flatsedge | Alluvial and other damp to wet soils. | North-central and northeastern North America, MA west to s. ON, MN and NE, south to se. NC and MO. Distribution in our region is poorly known. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus entrerianus | Woodrush Flatsedge | Bottomland hardwood forests, coastal grasslands, marshes, vacant lots, disturbed areas. | Native of temperate South America. Established from E. GA south to s. FL and west to e. and s. TX. Carter (1990), Rosen, Carter, & Bryson (2006), and Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009) discuss the spread of this noxious weed in the Southeastern United States. Bradley et al. [in prep.] report for Coastal Plain of SC (Jasper County). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus eragrostis | Lovegrass Flatsedge | Disturbed wetlands. | Native of tropical America. |  (c) tentoedsloth - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus erythrorhizos | Redrooted Flatsedge | Marshes, ditches, shores, mud flats. | MA west to ND and WA, south to n. FL, LA, TX, AZ, CA, and Mexico (BCN, TAB, TAM). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus esculentus var. esculentus | Chufa | Apparently sparingly cultivated, and persistent. | Native of Eurasia. | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus esculentus var. heermannii | Disturbed areas. | Native of w. United States and Mexico. Map is particularly uncertain. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus | Yellow Nutsedge, Yellow Nutgrass, Wild Chufa, Earth-almond | Fields, roadsides, shores, other disturbed areas. | The species is widespread in tropical and warm temperate North, Central, and South America. |  (c) Srinivasan, Ashwin - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus esculentus var. macrostachyus | Yellow Nutsedge, Yellow Nutgrass, Wild Chufa, Earth-almond | Disturbed areas. | Var. macrostachyus is the main variety in Central America north into s. United States. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus excurrens | Excurrent Flatsedge | Sporadically appearing in exsiccated bottoms of karst ponds in the Coastal Plain. | Known only from sw. GA, perhaps to be expected in se. AL and FL Panhandle. | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus filicinus | Fern Flatsedge | Brackish marshes, other maritime habitats. | ME to s. FL, west to LA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus filiculmis | Southeastern Flatsedge | Longleaf pine sandhills, other sandy or rocky woodlands, forests, and fields. | DE and MD south to s. peninsular FL, west to e. TX. Reported as new for DE (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus flavescens | Yellow Flatsedge | Low fields, ditches, marshes, especially where seasonally flooded. | Pantropical and warm temperate, north in North America to MA, MI, MO, and KS. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus flavicomus | White-edged Flatsedge | Ditches, marshes, natural or artificial ponds, especially where seasonally flooded. | Se. VA and KY south through the New World tropics. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus floribundus | Prairies and marshes. | S. TX south to ne. Mexico (TAM). |  (c) Campos, Aidan | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus floridanus | Florida Flatsedge | Pine rocklands, coastal strands, rockland hammocks, disturbed areas over limestone, including cemeteries. | S. FL; Bahamas; West Indies, n. South America. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus fraternus | Disturbed depressions, ditches. | Reported for several counties in the GA Coastal Plain (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009) | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus fugax | Withering Flatsedge | Wet, sandy soils. | LA and TX south through Mexico and Central America to n. South America. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus fuligineus | Limestone Flatsedge | Pine rocklands, coastal rock barrens, edges of tidal marshes on limestone. | Florida Keys; West Indies. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus fuscus | Black Galingale, Brown Galingale | Wet, disturbed areas. | Native of temperate Eurasia. See Bryson et al. (1996), Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009). |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus giganteus | Giant Flatsedge, "Mexican Papyrus" | Marshes. | Native of tropical America (West Indies, Central America and South America). | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus granitophilus | Granite Flatsedge | Granitic flatrocks, rarely on diabase flatrocks of the Piedmont, Altamaha Grit glades of the Coastal Plain, and sandstone outcrops of the Cumberland Plateau. | Sc. VA south to ec. AL in the Piedmont; disjunct in se. and c. TN on sandstone and limestone and in sc. GA on Altamaha Grit; disjunct in c. TX and s. OK (O'Kennon & Taylor 2015). Plants reported as C. granitophilus by O'Kennon & Taylor (2015) are more closely related to C. squarrosus and are better treated as C. squarrosus var. runyonii (Lowe & Carter 2023). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus grayi | Gray’s Flatsedge | Longleaf pine sandhills, dunes, other dry soils. | NH south to GA and Panhandle FL (Liberty County) (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008). Reports in the Piedmont and Mountains of NC, SC, GA, and AL appear to all be false reports. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus grayoides | Sand Prairie Flatsedge, Illinois Flatsedge | Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry sandy communities. | IL and MO south to w. LA and e. TX. |  (c) Marcum, Paul - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus haspan | Sheathed Flatsedge | Tidal marshes, other marshes, ponded depressions, low fields, ditches, waterfowl impoundments, weed in rice fields. | Pantropical in distribution, north in North America to se. VA (MD?), sc. TN, c. AR, and c. TX. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus hemidrummondii | Drummond's Half-chaff Sedge | Exposed wet sandy soils. | OH, WI, ND, and MT south to LA, TX, NM, and AZ. | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus hermaphroditus | Floodplain forests. | TX, south to tropical America. |  (c) Carnahan, Sue - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus hortensis | Annual Greenhead Sedge | Moist soils of fields, ditches, lawns, shores of ponds and rivers. | Pantropical, north in North America to e. PA, MO, and e. KS. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus houghtonii | Houghton's Flatsedge | Dry upland sites, shale barrens, rock outcrops, perhaps associated with mafic or calcareous rocks. | MA, VT, and QC west to MN, south to w. VA, WV, nc. NC, and nw. IN. |  (c) Lacroix-Carignan, Étienne - CC0 |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus hyalinus | Queensland Sedge | Disturbed upland areas. | Native of se. Asia and Australia; known in North America from s. FL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus hystricinus | Bristly Flatsedge | Dry woodlands and forests, sandhills, other dry or sandy habitats. | NJ south to n. FL, west to e. TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain. {check specimens of this and relatives – discrepancy between mapped and stated ranges} |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus hystricoides | Waif on ore. | |||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus involucratus | Umbrella-Plant | Cultivated and persistent, also naturalizing in disturbed areas. | Native of Africa. Naturalized north at least to Panhandle FL (Kunzer et al. 2009). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus iria | Rice-field Flatsedge | Marshes, ditches, disturbed wet areas, sandbars and gravelbars. | Native of Old World. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus laevigatus | Brackish marshes. | Native of sw. North America and New World tropics, probably also Old World tropics. |  (c) Frumkin, Ron - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus lancastriensis | Many-flowered Flatsedge, Porter’s Flatsedge | Dry woodlands, forests, and fields. | NJ west to WV, OH, and MO, south to GA, c. MS (Morris & MacDonald 2012), and AR. |  (c) Gallagher, Judy - CC-BY-SA |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus lanceolatus | Wet places. | Se. GA and ne. FL west to LA and c. TX (?), south into the Neotropics; also Africa. |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus lecontei | Limesink ponds, low pinelands and seepages, interdune ponds, ditches, wet sands along roads, and other disturbed areas. | Se. NC south to s. FL, west to w. LA. Sorrie (1998b) reports it for e. GA (Glynn County). |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus lentiginosus | Open areas, thickets. | S. FL; se. TX south through Mexico and Central America to n. South America; West Indies. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus leptocarpus | Ditches, moist ground. | Native of Asia and Australia. Reported for Baldwin Co., AL (H. Horne, pers.comm. and iNaturalist observation 2023). |  (c) Brock, Mason - CC0 | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus ligularis | Swamp Flatsedge | Brackish marshes, beaches, disturbed wetlands. | FL and AL south into Mexico, Central America, South America; Africa. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus lupulinus var. lupulinus | Great Plains Flatsedge | Dry sterile soils in fields and meadows. | MA and VT west to MN, south to NC, n. SC, TX; disjunct in ID, WA, and OR. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus lupulinus var. macilentus | Dry sterile soils in fields and meadows. | ME, QC, and MN south to w. VA, w. NC, nw. GA, and MO. |  (c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus metzii | Crested Greenhead Sedge | Lawns, turf farms, athletic fields, golf courses, other disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. Reported for AL by Barger et al. (2012) |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus microiria | Exposed shorelines, other disturbed wet areas. | Native of e. Asia. Naturalized in CT, DE, KY, OH, MA, NJ, NY, PA, and VA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus nashii | Nash’s Flatsedge | Longleaf pine sandhills and Florida scrub. | E. GA south to s. FL, west to Panhandle FL. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus neochinensis | Adventive in moist ground, perhaps merely a waif. | Native of s. Asia. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus neotropicalis | American Lipocarpha, American Halfchaff | Riverine sandbars, depression ponds, interdune swales and ponds, borrow pits, impoundment shores, ditches, other moist exposed soil. | Se. VA south to s. FL, west to AL. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus nipponicus | Disturbed areas. | Native of e. Asia (e. China, Japan, Korea, e. Russia). Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022). |  (c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus ochraceus | Marshes, ditches, wet disturbed areas. | Se. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), s. FL, s. AL, s. MS, LA, TX, south into Mexico, Central America, and South America. |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus odoratus | Fragrant Flatsedge | Low fields, marshes, ditches, sandbars. | Pantropical, north in North America to MA, se. ME, ON, MN, KS, NM, AZ, and CA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus ovatus | Sandy beaches, maritime forests, and pinelands. | Se. NC south to s. FL, west to s. AL; Cuba and Bahamas? (POWO 2024). |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus oxylepis | Sharp-scale Flatsedge | Disturbed wet areas, marshes, saline areas. | Native of South America. |  (c) Wright, Janet - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus pallidicolor | Se. and c. TX; sw. NM, and s. AZ south through Mexico and Central America to South America. The reports (BONAP 2021) for se. TX are puzzling and need additional confirmation. |  (c) Kelly, CK - CC-BY | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus papyrus | Papyrus | Stream banks, marshes. | Native of Africa and w. Asia. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus pedunculatus | Beachstar | Ocean beaches. | East coast of c. and s. peninsular FL; West Indies; se. Mexico (ROO, YUC), Central America, and South America; Africa; s. Asia; Australia; Pacific Islands. |  (c) Montes de Oca, Joseph - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus pilosus | Rice fields, ditches. | Native of e., se., and s. Asia. See Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009). |  (c) 葉子 - CC0 | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus planifolius | Brackish marshes. | Se. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) south to s. FL; West Indies; Central and South America. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus plukenetii | Starburst Flatsedge, Plukenet’s Flatsedge | Longleaf pine sandhills, sandy woodlands, thin soils of rock outcrops, and dry, disturbed areas. | NJ, KY, se. MO, and se. OK, south to c. peninsular FL and e. TX. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus polystachyos | Coast Flatsedge | Low fields, ditches, and marshes. | Pantropical and warm temperate, north in North America to ME, MA, KY, MO, and OK. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus prolifer | Dwarf Papyrus | Pond shores, marshes, ditches. | Native of tropical e. Africa. Also reported for se. VA (Kartesz 2010). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus prolixus | Disturbed areas. | Native of the Neotropics. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus | Disturbed areas, damp soils. | TX and s. NM south into Mexico. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus pseudovegetus | Green Flatsedge, Marsh Flatsedge | Marshes, ditches, depressions. | MA and s. NJ, west to s. IL, s. MO, and OK, south to FL and TX. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus pumilus | Disturbed wet areas. | Native of the Old World, occurring in our region in n. FL and se. GA. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus reflexus | Disturbed wet areas. | OK south to LA, TX, Mexico, and South America. Reported for AL (Crenshaw County) by Diamond (2013b). Native of sw. and sc. United States south to tropical America. |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus refractus | Reflexed Flatsedge | Dry sandy or rocky woodlands and forests, also in somewhat moister sites. | NJ west to OH and MO, south to SC, GA, AL, and AR. |  (c) Michael J., Papay - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus retroflexus var. pumilus | Cropped fields, seasonally damp, disturbed areas. | AL west to NM, south to Mexico. Distributions of C. retroflexus varieties need to be disentangled. |  (c) Campos, Aidan | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus retroflexus var. retroflexus | Sand barrens, cropped fields, seasonally damp, disturbed areas. | AL west to NM, south to Mexico. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus retrofractus | Rough Flatsedge | Dry sandy or rocky woodlands and fields. | NJ west to s. OH, and se. MO, south to FL, GA, AL, and TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus retrorsus | Pineland Flatsedge | Dry woodlands, forests, and rock outcrops. | S. NY south to FL, west to TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain, but north in the interior to KY and se. OK; Mexico and perhaps Colombia (POWO 2024). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus richardii | Open disturbed sites, especially roadsides and lawns. | Native of Old World, known in North America from s. FL. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus rotundus | Purple Nutsedge, Nutgrass, Cocograss, Tulillo | Gardens, fields, disturbed areas. | Paleotropical and warm temperate in distribution (though extending less far north than C. esculentus). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus sanguinolentus | Ditches, disturbed wet areas. | Native of Asia, known in North America from e. GA west to LA. |  (c) Faccenda, Kevin - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus schweinitzii | Sand Flatsedge | Sandy soils. On dunes in the Great Lakes. | VT, MA, MN, and Albert, south to s. NJ, se. and sw. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), n. KY, OH, MO, TX, NM, UT, and Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, JAL, ZAC). |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus serotinus | Tidalmarsh Flatsedge | Tidal marshes. | Native of Eurasia. Reported as naturalized in s. NJ, DE, and PA (FNA, Kartesz 1999). |  (c) Feng, Karl - CC-BY-NC |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus sesquiflorus | Whitehead Sedge | Moist soils of fields, ditches, lawns, shores of ponds and rivers, sand and gravel bars. | Pantropical, north in North America to ne. NC and se. AR. Likely to occur in se. VA. The native distribution of this species is unclear; it may only be adventive in our region. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus setigerus | Lean Flatsedge | Ditches, pondshores. | MO and NM south to MS, TX. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus species 1 | Diminutive Flatsedge | Infrequent to locally abundant (following soil disturbance) on Florida scrub, stabilized dunes, and sandridges, generally on open white sands, near the coast but also inland on riverine (and aeolian?) dunes. | Se. VA south to s. FL, west to s. MS. | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus sphacelatus | Lawns, disturbed moist areas. | Native of the New World and Old World tropics, likely introduced to FL from the West Indies (Carter et al. 1996). |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus squarrosus var. runyonii | Texas Awned Flatsedge | On sands or granite. | C. OK south to c. TX and s. TX. Reports of C. granitophilus from this area (O'Kennon & Taylor 2015) represent this taxon (Lowe & Carter 2023). | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus squarrosus var. squarrosus | Awned Flatsedge | Moist depressions and seepages on granitic and other rocks, drawdown riverbanks, swales, shores, coastal rock barrens, other moist disturbed sites, cracks in sidewalks and pavement. | Nearly cosmopolitan in distribution, in Old World and New World. The distribution of C. squarrosus var. squarrosus in precolonial North America is very uncertain. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus strigosus var. stenolepis | Marshes, ditches, wet flatwoods, wet disturbed areas. | NC south to FL, west to TX. Distribution map is quite speculative. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus strigosus var. strigosus | Straw Flatsedge, False Nutsedge | Marshes, ditches, wet flatwoods, wet disturbed areas. | QC west to SD, south to FL and TX; also in w. North America. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus subsquarrosus | Smallflower Halfchaff | Riverbank draw-down zones, other moist sandy areas, like seasonally flooded shores of artificial impoundments. | ME west to ON and MN, south to s. FL and TX; south into tropical America. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus surinamensis | Marshes, pond edges, disturbed wet areas. | Se. NC south to s. FL, west to KS, OK, TX, and south into Mexico and tropical America. |  (c) Ward, Scott G | |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus tetragonus | Four-angled Flatsedge | Maritime forests and dunes, edges of brackish marshes. | E. NC south to s. FL and FL Panhandle. Reports of the species in s. AL (Woods, Diamond, & Burkhalter 2016) are based on specimens of C. thyrsiflorus. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus thyrsiflorus | Southern Flatsedge | Calcareous woodlands/hammocks, swamp edges, and shell middens. | E. SC south to s. FL, west to se. TX; West Indies; Mexico to South America. |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus unioloides | Swamps. | Native of Neotropics and Paleotropics. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus virens | Marshes and ditches. | E. NC south to c. peninsular FL, west to TX; Mexico to Argentina. Also as a chrome ore waif in VA. |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Cyperaceae | Dulichium | Threeway Sedge |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Dulichium arundinaceum var. arundinaceum | Threeway Sedge | Streambanks, marshes, bogs, ditches. | Var. arundinaceum ranges from NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to FL and TX; also from MT and BC south to CA. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Dulichium species 1 | Coosa Threeway Sedge | Glades and prairies. | Endemic to Coosa prairies, nw. GA and ne. AL. |  © James R. Allison |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis | Spikerush, Spikesedge |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis acicularis | Needle Spikerush | Drawdown shores of lakes, ponds, and rivers, marshes, ditches. | Greenland, NL (Newfoundland), NU, and AK south to GA, TX, CA; Mexico, Central America, n. South America, Eurasia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis acutangula ssp. breviseta | Depressional wetlands. | S. FL. Native of West Indies (Cuba, Dominican Republic); Central America (Panama); South America; also s. Africa (where probably introduced). |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis aestuum | Tidal Spikerush | Freshwater tidal rivers. | ME south to DE, PA, and NJ. See McAvoy (2021) for details about DE occurrence. |  (c) Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis albida | White Spikerush | Brackish tidal marshes, interdune swales and ponds. | MD south to s. FL, west to TX and n. Mexico (NLE, TAM); Bermuda (Smith et al. 2002); Mexico (Yucatan) (POWO 2024a). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis ambigens | Brackish tidal marshes. | MA south to n. FL, west to TX. |  (c) Poindexter, Derick | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis angusticeps | Sandy banks of creeks, in uppermost marsh areas and edges of maritime marsh hammocks dominated by Quercus virginiana, Juniperus silicicola, and Sabal palmetto. | So far as is known, endemic to coastal GA (Camden County). | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis atropurpurea | Purple Spikerush | Clay-based Carolina bays, other pineland ponds, disturbed wetlands. | Widely scattered in North America; Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa. Reported for SC by Hill & Horn (1997). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis baldwinii | Baldwin’s Spikerush | Bogs, pools, acid impoundment shores. Often growing in dense mats in very wet, saturated sandy firelanes or disklines in fire-managed habitats or other somewhat-disturbed wet, acidic, sandy habitats. | VA south to FL, west to AR and TX. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis bicolor | Moist sites, wet pine savannas. | AL and GA west to LA; West Indies; Central America; South America. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis bifida | Cedar Glade Spikerush | Seasonally wet seepage in limestone glades. | KY and w. VA south through TN to nw. GA and n. AL. Known from a single collection in VA (Rockbridge County); and otherwise primarily occurs in KY and TN and adjacent areas of surrounding states. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis brachycarpa | Wet soils, resaca edges. | S. TX (where last seen in 1834) and TAM (last seen in 1959). | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis brittonii | Bogs, pine savannas. | NC south to FL, west to TX, north in the interior to TN and MO; disjunct in DE and s. NJ. |  (c) Ward, Scott G | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis cellulosa | Gulf Coast Spikerush | Fresh to brackish interdune swale ponds on barrier islands, marl prairies, depression ponds, salt marshes, other disturbed wet sandy habitats. | E. NC south to s. FL, west to TX and Mexico; West Indies; Bermuda; Central America (Nicaragua). See Gaddy & Rayner (1980) for the report of this species in SC and Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009) for discussion of its occurrence in GA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis compressa var. acutisquamata | Calcareous (dolostone and limestone) glades and fens. | IL, MN, AB, and SK south to IL, MO, TX, and NM. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis compressa var. compressa | Flattened Spikerush | Limestone or mafic glades and barrens, riverside scours. | QC, MN, SD, and CO south to VA, nc. NC, nw. GA, AL, MS, AR, and KS. See Ungberg (2022) for discussion of its occurrence in NC. |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis confervoides | Websteria | Submersed or floating in lakes and ponds. | AL, GA, and FL; West Indies; Central and South America; Asia; Africa; n. Australia. |  © Nia Wellendorf |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis cylindrica | Cylinder Spikerush | Ephemeral pools. | Widely scattered in TX and KS; allegedly, the same taxon is present in Argentina and Paraguay (Smith et al. 2002). |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC0 |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis dulcis | Chinese Water-chestnut |  (c) Kampen, Tony van - CC-BY | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis elegans | Elegant Spikerush, Cebolleta de Pantano, Junco | Swamp forests, pastures, stream beds. | Peninsular FL (Hardee and Hillsborough counties); West Indies; Mexico and Central America south to South America. See Brunton, Campbell, & Reznicek (2018) for a detailed discussion of the species' occurrence in FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis elliptica | Elliptic Spikerush | Calcareous prairies, fens, shores, riverside scours. | NL (Labrador) west to BC, south to PA, NJ, WV, TN, MO, IA, and ID. Reported for fen habitats in the Ozark portion of MO (J. Thomas, pers. comm., 2020). |  © Nathan Aaron |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis elongata | Quiet waters of limesink (doline) ponds, Everglades sawgrass sloughs. | Se. NC south to FL, west to s. AL, s. MS, and TX (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); Jamaica; Mexico, Central America, South America. |  (c) Ward, Scott G | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis engelmannii | Engelmann’s Spikerush | Freshwater shores, marshes, disturbed wet places. | MA, ON, and BC south to GA, MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008), TX, and CA. |  (c) Kinser, Abel - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis equisetoides | Horsetail Spikerush | Quiet waters of limesink (doline) ponds, natural lakes, borrow pits, ditches, artificial millponds. | MA south to c. peninsular FL, west to se. TX, AR, s. MO, and se. OK; also near the Great Lakes from NY west to MI, MO. Reported for OK (Buthod & Hoagland 2017). |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis erythropoda | Bald Spikerush | Streambanks, marshes, ponds, swamps. Often in circumneutral or higher pH soils. | NS and AK south to NC, MS, TX, AZ, and OR; HI. |  © Bruce Sorrie |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis fallax | Creeping Spikerush | Tidal marshes and swamps, interdune swales. | Nova Scotia to NJ; disjunct in e. NC. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis flavescens var. flavescens | Pale Spikerush, Yellow Spikerush | Coastal Plain ponds, pools. | DE south to s. FL, west to TX; West Indies; South America. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis geniculata | Marshes, moist disturbed areas. | Widespread but scattered across much of the United States; West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa. Known from a single Bissell collection from Presque Isle, PA (S. Grund, pers. comm.; 2024) |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis intermedia | Matted Spikerush | Calcareous fens and seepage areas, wet disturbed areas over calcareous rocks. | NS west to MN, south to VA, TN, and IL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis interstincta | Knotted Spikerush | Ponds, lakes, borrow pits, canals. | S. AL and Panhandle FL south to s. FL and west (interruptedly) to OK and TX; Bahamas and West Indies; Mexico, Central America, e. South America. |  (c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis lanceolata | Ozark Spikerush | Wet areas, open disturbed areas, banks of creeks, along pond or lake margins, ditches, roadsides, glades, mesic forests. | MO and KS south to MS (J.R. Rigby, pers.comm. 2020), LA, and TX; disjunct in c. TN (Montgomery Co., Western Highland Rim). |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis macrostachya | Large Spikerush | Wet ditches, marshes, shorelines. | QC to AK south to WV, AL, MS, TX, CA, and Mexico; South America. Mapping is especially conjectural. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis melanocarpa | Black-fruited Spikerush | Coastal Plain ponds, cypress meadows, sinkhole ponds in the Shenandoah Valley. | MA south to n. peninsular FL, west to e. TX; disjunct in s. MI and n. IN (Sorrie & Leonard 1999). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis microcarpa var. filiculmis | Torrey’s Spikerush | Bogs, wet pine savannas. | MA and MI south to FL west to TX. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis microcarpa var. microcarpa | Wet pine savannas, Coastal Plain bogs. | SC south to FL, west to LA; West Indies. |  (c) Ward, Scott G | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis minima | Small Spikerush | Pond margins, lakeshores, shallow water, wet depressions. | GA and FL west to TX; West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America. |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis montana | Ponds, swales, wet ditches, floodplain forests. | FL and se. and sw. GA west to TX, south to Mexico, Central America, and South America; West Indies. |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis montevidensis | Sand Spikerush | Maritime wet grasslands, ponds, swales, ditches. | E. NC south to FL, west to TX and CA; Mexico, South America. Reported for SC by Nelson & Kelly (1997) and discussed for GA by Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009). Nativity in North America should perhaps be considered uncertain. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis mutata | Depressional wetlands. | S. FL; se. TX; Mexico; South America; West Indies (including the Bahamas); w. Africa. Reported for s. FL (Broward County) in a situation where its native / non-native status is uncertain and indeterminable (Angelo, Rosen, & Lange 2020). | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis nana | Dwarf Spikerush | Pond margins. | FL Panhandle and peninsula; South America. | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis nigrescens | Pond margins, pine flatwoods. | Se. NC (historical), SC to FL; West Indies, Mexico; South America; Africa. The native status of this species in the southeastern coastal plain is uncertain. The earliest collection that can be confirmed in FL was not until the 1940's (Ward and Leigh 1975); however, a single collection near Wilmington, NC predated this by more than 70 years (Canby s.n.; October 1867). While often present in disturbed wet ditches and similar habitats, it can also occur in relatively intact wet flatwoods, further complicating our understanding of its historical and current nativity. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis obtusa | Blunt Spikerush | Ditches, marshes, disturbed wet areas. | NS west to BC, south to FL, TX, and CA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis obtusetrigona | Ditches. | Se. and s. TX; ne. Mexico (TAM, VER), Central America (Nicaragua); South America. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis occulta | Occult Spikerush | Seeps over limestone or other calcareous substrate. | S. OK south to c. TX. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis olivacea var. olivacea | Olive Spikerush | Coastal Plain ponds, pools, other wet, sandy or peaty habitats. | NS west to MN, south to FL and TX. |  (c) Ward, Scott G - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis olivacea var. reductiseta | Tidal rivers draining from the NJ pine barrens. On sand, gravel, or mud-covered sands of freshwater to slightly brackish intertidal zones of rivers. | Endemic to s. NJ (as far as is known). | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis ovata | Freshwater drying shores, lake and stream beds, bogs, tidal estuarine shores, disturbed areas. | NL (Labrador), ON, and MN south to NJ, MD, DE, PA, VA, KY, MO, and OK; scattered in w. United States. Also known from one collection in MS (see comments below). Reported for VA in FNA; documentation needing verification. drawdowns (Yalobusha County; C. Bryson 23021; VSU), examined by both Richard Carter and Scott Ward. Known from one collection in MS along Enid Lake mud flat. |  © Nathan Aaron | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis palustris | Common Spikerush, Small's Spikerush | Marshes. | NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to FL, TX, CA, and Mexico; Eurasia. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis parvula | Dwarf Spikerush, Small Spikerush | Tidal brackish and freshwater marshes, inland salt marshes, shallow waters of managed impoundments. | NS, NL (Newfoundland), and MI south to c. peninsular FL and LA; BC south to CA; Mexico, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis quadrangulata | Squarestem Spikerush | Pools, marshes. | MA west to ON and MI, south to n. FL, TX, and n. Mexico. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis quinqueflora | Fens, meadows, and seeps. | NL and AK south to NJ, PA, OH, IN, IL, NE, NM, AZ, and CA; Eurasia. |  (c) Marcum, Paul | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis radicans | Rooting Spikerush | Interdune ponds, seeps, bogs. | Widely scattered in North America; n. Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America. |  (c) Faccenda, Kevin - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis ravenelii | Rio Grande Spikerush | Seasonal wetlands, ditches. | S. TX and SLP. |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis retroflexa | Moist areas. | S. AL (probably a ballast waif, collected in Mobile and Baldwin counties by Mohr in 1896); Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, tropical Asia, Australia. More populations could be found (or redetermined) from the Gulf Coastal Plain. |  (c) Ward, Scott G | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis reverchonii | Reverchon's Spikerush | Open wet areas. | Endemic to TX. | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis robbinsii | Robbins’s Spikerush | Quiet waters of limesink (doline) ponds, natural lakes, millponds and semipermanent impoundments. | NS and NB west to ON, south to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); also near the Great Lakes, from NY west to IN, WI, and MN. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis rostellata | Beaked Spikerush | Brackish and freshwater tidal marshes, sea-level fens; saline soils inland. Calcareous fens northward. | ME, ON, and BC south to FL, TX, CA, and Mexico; West Indies. Reported for WV (Harmon, Ford-Werntz, & Grafton 2006). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis tenuis var. pseudoptera | Bogs, seepages, margins of wooded swamps. | NS, QC and IN south to NC and nw. GA; disjunct in s. IL. |  (c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis tenuis var. tenuis | Slender Spikerush, Kill-cow | Bogs, marshes. | NS and QC south to NC and s. AL (?). |  (c) Korol, J. Burke - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis tortilis | Twisted Spikerush | Wet pine savannas, Coastal Plain seepage bogs, seeps, pocosin ecotones. In Coastal Plain-like seepages in the Ridge and Valley province, and rarely in high elevation mixed herbaceous and swamp seepage habitats in the mountains. | NJ south to FL, west to TX, inland to sw. NC, ne. GA, w. TN, and AR. Discovered in Rabun County, GA (Melanie Flood, pers. comm., 2022) in a high elevation (ca. 1700 ft) seepage with Acer rubrum and Platanthera clavellata. It is generally uncommon to rare outside of the Coastal Plain. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis tricostata | Three-angle Spikerush | Wet pine savannas, natural depression ponds, clay-based Carolina bays. | MA, NY, and MI south to FL, AL, and MS. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis tuberculosa | Large-tubercled Spikerush | Bogs, savannas, acidic seeps, ditches. | NS south to FL, west to TX. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis uniglumis | Brackish marshes. | NL (Newfoundland) to NC, along the coast; as interpreted broadly (including E. halophila) E. uniglumis also occurs in Eurasia. |  (c) Jauch, Wolfgang - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis verrucosa | Bogs and seeps. | NJ, PA, WI, and s. SD south to GA, a. AL, s. MS, s. LA, and se. TX. |  (c) Aaron, Nathan - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis vivipara | Viviparous Spikerush | Coastal Plain ponds, small depression ponds, semipermanent impoundment ponds, beaver ponds. | NC south to FL, west to TX. Apparently disjunct in Cherokee (Whetstone 15348, JSU) and Jackson (K.R. Brodeur 2123, JSU) counties, Alabama. The latter specimen contains ovoid spikelets with spiraled scales, which matches this species; however, I have not seen achenes to confirm if the surfaces are honeycomb-reticulate (Ward, personal observation). Otherwise, this species occurs almost exclusively in the southeastern coastal plain, particularly in coastal plain ponds. The disjunct inland records should be investigated further. |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis wolfii | Wolf’s Spikerush | Oak flatwoods, shallow ephemeral pools on granitic flatrocks, prairies. | OH, WI, MN, and ND south to GA, AL, TN, LA, and TX. Known from two counties in VA (Fairfax, Pittsylvania) and from a single record in Cabarrus County, NC. Both areas of the mid-Atlantic represent disjunctions of a more midwesterly-distributed species. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Eleocharis xyridiformis | Sink holes, ponds, lake margins, depressions, roadsides, ditches, various other wetlands. | SD s. through KS, MO, OK, TX. South into Mexico, and further westward to AZ and CA. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eriophorum | Cottonsedge, Cottongrass, Bogwool |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Eriophorum gracile | Slender Cottonsedge, Slender Cottongrass | Bogs and open swamps. | Circumboreal, in North America from NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to s. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), s. NJ, w. MD (Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service 2016), DE (McAvoy & Bennett 2001), c. OH, c. IN, IL, IA, NE, CO, UT, NV, and CA. |  (c) Wiegersma, Quinten - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Eriophorum tenellum | Conifer Cottonsedge, Conifer Cottongrass | Bogs. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to s. NJ, se. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), IL, and MI. |  (c) bobkennedy - CC-BY-SA |
| Cyperaceae | Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum | Tussock Cottonsedge, Hare's-tail | Bogs, peaty swamps. | NL west to SK, south to n. NJ, e., n., and nw. PA, n. IN, WI, and MN. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Eriophorum virginicum | Tawny Cottonsedge, Tawny Cottongrass, Cat's-paw | Peaty sites, limited in habitat throughout the region, occurring in the Mountains in bogs and fens, in the Piedmont (formerly) in bogs, in the fall-line sandhills in frequently burned pocosins and sandhill seeps, in the middle and outer Coastal Plain in pocosins, acidic seeps, and peat-burn pools. | NL (Labrador) and NL (Newfoundland) west to ON and MN, south to se. NC, sw. NC, e. KY; disjunct in se. GA at Okefenokee Swamp. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Eriophorum viridicarinatum | Darkscale Cottonsedge, Darkscale Cottongrass | Bogs. | NL (Newfoundland and Labrador) west to AK, south to s. NJ, PA, OH, IN, IL, MN, ND, WY, ID, and WA; reported by Small (1933) for farther south, apparently in error. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Ficinia | ||||
| Cyperaceae | Ficinia filiformis | Native of s. Africa. | |||
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis | Fimbry |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis annua | Annual Fimbry; Forked Fimbry | Wet, disturbed areas, thin soils of rock outcrops; variously interpreted as entirely alien or partly native. | SE. PA, WV, s. IN, s. IL, MO, e. KS, south to n. peninsular FL, s. TX, s. AZ, and south through Mexico to Central and South America; West Indies; Eurasia, Africa, etc. |  (c) Ward, Scott G - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis autumnalis | Slender Fimbry | Moist to wet disturbed areas. | ME west to MN and SD and south to s. FL and TX; New World tropics. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis brevivaginata | Flatrock Fimbry | Pools and seepage over granite or sandstone. | Endemic to Piedmont of GA (on granite) and Cumberland Plateau of AL (on sandstone) (Kral 1992). |  (c) Milly, Gemma C. |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis caroliniana | Carolina Fimbry | Brackish or alkaline sands of marsh edges and dune swales, less typically in pine savannas or pine flatwoods. | NJ south to s. FL and west and south to TX; ne. and e. Mexico (OAX, SLP, TAM, VER); West Indies. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis castanea | Marsh Fimbry | Brackish marshes and dune swales. | NY (Long Island) south to s. TX and adjacent Mexico (TAM, VER); Yucatan peninsula of Mexico (ROO, YUC); West Indies. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis cymosa ssp. spathacea | Hurricane-grass | Beaches, dunes, marshes, mangroves, disturbed areas. | FL peninsula; West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America; also Old World tropics. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis decipiens | Tricky Fimbry | Wet, disturbed areas. | E. NC south to n. FL and west to e. TX. |  (c) Spaulding, Dan - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis dichotoma | Wet, disturbed areas. | Presumably introduced, probably native of Asia. The species is now pantropical and subtropical. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis interior | Sandy prairies, woodlands. | NE south to TX and west to NM and AZ. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis littoralis | Disturbed wet ground. | Native of Asia. Kral (1971) suggests that it may have been introduced into se. United States early, in association with rice. In North America, now ranging from Central America and the West Indies north to NC, KY, and AR. Recently discovered in York County, VA (Z. Bradford, pers. comm., 2022). |  (c) Wright, Janet - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis perpusilla | Harper's Fimbry | Drawdown zones of natural depression ponds or exposed banks of blackwater or brownwater rivers. The species characteristically occurs on dry to moist banks exposed in summer by falling water levels, often with other diminutive annuals, such as Cyperus subsquarrosus, Edrastima uniflora, Juncus repens, Lindernia dubia, Eleocharis baldwinii, and Eragrostis hypnoides. At known locations it does not appear every year; presumably it is present in a seedbank which germinates only under favorable hydrologic (and other?) conditions. | The "range" consists of geographically scattered and "irregularly apparent" populations, usually on the drawdown zones of natural ponds or rivers, in the Coastal Plain from DE and e. MD south through e. VA, se. NC, and ne. SC, to sw. GA and AL, disjunct in the Cumberland Plateau of se. TN (Wofford & Jones 1988) and KY (Boone & Chester 2009). See Leonard (1981a, 1981b, 1987) for the first reports of the species in SC and NC and Diamond (2016b) for the first report in AL. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis puberula | Hairy Fimbry | Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, bogs, wet meadows or prairie-like areas, calcareous glades and barrens, granite outcrops. | Long Island, NY south to s. FL and west to TX, KS, and NE. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis schoenoides | Disturbed wetlands. | Native of Asia. Reported for sw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) and also occurs in se. GA (B.A. Sorrie, pers. comm.). Also reported for Ocracoke Island, Hyde County, NC (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008). |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis squarrosa | Asian Fimbry | On ballast, apparently only a waif in our area (but FNA states "the weedy and often ruderal nature of the species makes it a likely future adventive". | Native of Old World tropics and subtropics. |  (c) Faccenda, Kevin - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis tomentosa | Wet, disturbed areas. | Presumably introduced, probably native of e. and se. Asia. Ranging north to NC and AR. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Fimbristylis vahlii | Mudflats along rivers or reservoirs, also in sandy disturbed areas. | Primarily from MO south to MS and e. TX, but with scattered outliers as far away as NJ, NC, SC, IL, and KS; also in western United States, Mexico (COA, TAB, TAM, VER), Central America. |  (c) Marcum, Paul | |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena | Umbrella-sedge |  (c) Marcum, Paul | ||
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena breviseta | Short-bristled Umbrella-sedge | Carolina bays, pine savannas, ditches, other wet habitats. | Se. VA south to s. FL and west to e. TX, primarily in the outer Coastal Plain; w. Cuba. | (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena bushii | Bush’s Umbrella-sedge | Wet acidic, sandy or peaty areas. | Mainly West Gulf Coastal Plain of w. LA, s. AR, west to se. OK and e. TX. |  (c) Keesling, Jim - CC-BY-NC |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena coerulescens | Blue Umbrella-sedge | Chrome ore piles, a waif. | Native of s. Africa. |  (c) Hoare, David - CC-BY-NC |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena longa | Chapman's Umbrella-sedge | Pond margins. | Panhandle FL and sw. GA west to e. TX. |  (c) Bridges, Edwin |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena pumila | Dwarf Umbrella-sedge | Depression ponds, savannas, ditches, other wet habitats. | Primarily a species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, ranging from se. MA south to s. FL and west to TX, and also disjunct in the lowlands around the Great Lakes (as in n. IN and s. MI). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena scirpoidea | Southern Umbrella-sedge | Natural lakes, pineland depression ponds, wet pine savannas, marshes. | Se. GA (Jones & Coile 1988; Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009) and FL, west to se. TX; Cuba; Central America (Nicaragua); and reported as a disjunct (or introduced?) in ne. NC and s. IL. Kral's (1978a) report of this species from ne. NC, where disjunct from the main body of the range in the deep South, needs further investigation. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena simplex var. aristulata | Western Umbrella-sedge | Moist open areas. | MO and NE south to w. KY, e. LA, and c. TX. |  (c) O'Kennon, Bob - CC-BY-NC |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena simplex var. simplex | Creeping Western Umbrella-sedge | Calcareous seepage areas. | MO, KS, NM, and AZ south to TX, s. Mexico, and Central America. |  (c) Aaron, Nathan |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena squarrosa | Hairy Umbrella-sedge | Pine savannas, seepages, streamhead pocosins, ditches, bogs, rocky river bars, calcareous fens, other wet habitats. | MA (Cape Cod) and NY (Long Island) south to n. FL, west to c. TX, inland to w. NC, w. TN, KY, s. AR, and se. OK, mainly on the Coastal Plain, but less strictly limited to it than our other species; Cuba. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena umbellata | Wet disturbed areas, marshes, canals, ditches. | Native of West Indies; Mexico, Central America, South America, and Old World tropics. |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Cyperaceae | Fuirena wallichiana | Waif on chrome ore piles. | Native of Asia. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Isolepis | Club-rush, Clubsedge |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Cyperaceae | Isolepis carinata | Keeled Bulrush | Moist soils adjacent to granitic flatrocks, seepage areas, ephemeral pools, moist sandy sites, low fields, ditches. | Se. VA, c. NC, KY, s. IL, MO, and se. KS south to Panhandle FL and c. TX; also in CA. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Isolepis cernua var. cernua | Moist sandy soils. | Nearly worldwide in distribution (New World and Old World, and southern and northern hemispheres, but largely absent from the tropics). In North America, known from se. TX and sw. LA (Calcasieu Parish); Pacific coast of North America. The populations in TX were only relatively recently discovered (1974); it is uncertain if the species is native or introduced in the state, but given the wide distribution and weedy nature of the species, it is plausible that these populations are native but previously overlooked. |  (c) Ueda, Ken-ichi - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Isolepis hystrix | Bottle-brush Bulrush | Chrome ore piles, a waif. | Native of s. Africa. |  (c) Sparrow, Kevin - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Isolepis pseudosetacea | Altamaha grit outcrops, igneous and sandstone glades, saline glades, moist soils. | E. GA (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009) west to sw. MO, AR, and c. TX. Reported for MS (J.R. Rigby, pers. comm., 2018). Also in the western Mediterranean region of sw. Europe and nw. Africa (POWO 2024). |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Isolepis setacea | On waste and ballast at Camden, NJ and Philadelphia, PA in the 1800s, presumably merely a waif. | Native of Eurasia and Africa. |  (c) Hacker, Patrick - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora | Beaksedge, Beakrush |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora alba | Northern White Beaksedge | Mountain bogs and fens, peaty situations in the Coastal Plain, such as low pocosins in peat domes or large Carolina bays, and floating peat mats in limesink (doline) ponds and bay lakes, also in seepage bogs with abundant Sphagnum, generally occurring in the most open, harshest, and peatiest areas; northward in a variety of peatland habitats. | Circumboreal, in North America from NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to SC, e. TN, ne. TN (where perhaps extirpated), IL, SK, ID, and CA; disjunct in se. GA (Charlton County, at the Okefenokee Swamp) (Williges & Loftin 1995), s. AL (Escambia County; specimen at CLEMS), and the mountains of Puerto Rico. |  (c) Steven, Daniel - C, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora angusta | Narrow-fruited Beaksedge | Wet prairies. | AR, LA, se. OK, and e. TX. |  (c) Smith, Jake |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora baldwinii | Baldwin's Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, seepages, occasionally in wetter fringes of FL dry prairies. | Se. NC south to s. FL and west to LA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora brachychaeta | Cypress ponds, other depressions. | E. SC south to Panhandle FL and s. AL and s. MS; West Indies (w. Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico; Central America (Belize, Nicaragua). The first report of this species for SC was by McMillan & Porcher (2005) and McMillan (2007). Kral in FNA considers this species possibly adventive, but McMillan & Porcher (2005) and McMillan (2007) provide good reasons for considering it native in our area. |  (c) Horn, Jay | |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora caduca | Angle-stem Beaksedge | Tidal swamps, pine savannas and flatwoods, hardwood swamps, interdune ponds, acidic meadows and seeps, other wet areas. | E. and c. VA south to s. FL and west to TX, OK, and AR, north in the interior to sc. TN. This species is found at a few sites in the mountains of GA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora capillacea | Needle Beaksedge | Calcareous fens and seeps. | NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to sw. VA, ne. TN (Campbell County), and n. AR. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora capitellata | Brownish Beaksedge | Bogs and fens, seepages, and wet rock outcrops in the Mountains and upper Piedmont, also in wet habitats in the Coastal Plain of ne. NC and e. VA, also found in a variety of wet habitats. The only common beaksedge in the higher Mountains of our region. | NB west to WI and n. NE, south to GA, AL, MS; disjunct in sw. OR and CA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora careyana | Broadfruit Horned Beaksedge | Limesink (doline) depression ponds and in intermittently flooded depression meadows, mucky pondshores. Also sometimes in cypress/gum swamps and lightly disturbed ditches. | Apparently ranging from se. NC south to FL, west to w. LA; disjunct in DE; Cuba, Jamaica. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora cephalantha var. attenuata | Small Bunched Beaksedge | Pine savannas, sandhill seeps, openings in streamhead pocosins, blackwater streamheads and their ecotones, often under a tree/shrub canopy. | E. MD and se. VA south to s. GA and s. AL, west to w. LA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora cephalantha var. cephalantha | Common Bunched Beaksedge | Pine savannas, wet roadsides, ditches, wet powerline rights-of-way. This taxon is often weedy. | S. NJ south to s. FL and west to e. TX. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora chalarocephala | Loose-headed Beaksedge | Pine savannas, limesink ponds, and swamps, often weedy and occurring in abundance on wet roadsides and in powerline corridors. | S. NJ south to c. FL and west to LA; disjunct in nw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) and sc. TN (Coffee and Warren counties). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora chapmanii | Chapman's Beaksedge | Pine savannas, seepage bogs, sandy margins of limesink (doline) ponds, and other wet, acid habitats. | Se. NC south to s. FL and west to e. LA; Belize, Nicaragua. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora ciliaris | Fringed Beaksedge | Pine savannas, longleaf pine sandhill seeps. | Se. NC south to s. FL and west to e. LA. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora colorata | Narrowleaf Whitetop Sedge | Wet pine savannas, ditches, dune swales, calcareous glades, usually in places with some source of alkalinity (calcareous rocks, shell, brackish water). | Se. VA south to FL and west to c. TX; Mexico (Tabasco, Chiapas, Yucatán), Belize, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Venezuela; West Indies. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora compressa | Pagoda Beaksedge | Pine savannas. | Se. NC south to Panhandle FL, west to e. LA. This species was reported for SC (Kartesz 1999), based on the South Carolina Plant Atlas (http://cricket.biol.sc.edu/herb/); McMillan (pers. comm.) states that the record is in error, based on a misidentified specimen. The species occurs in sc. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) and has since been found in SC by McMillan (2003) and in NC (Ungberg 2022). |  (c) Ward, Scott G - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora corniculata | Short-bristled Horned Beaksedge | Pondcypress savannas in Carolina bays, swamp forests, other wetlands. | Sometimes divided into two varieties: var. corniculata ranges from DE south to FL and west to LA, extending north into KY and MO; also in the West Indies. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora corymbosa | Ditches, disturbed wetlands. | Native of Old World tropics (or also New World tropics?). See Barger et al. (2012) for additional information about the AL occurrence, as R. indianolensis. |  (c) Tasney, Greg - CC-BY-SA | |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora crinipes | Alabama Beaksedge | Sand-clay bars and peaty stream banks of blackwater streams. In NC it occurs in indurated clay soils of the Cape Fear Formation along the Little River, a tannin-rich blackwater river. Usually under a partial canopy of small trees and tall shrubs; may occur with R. gracilenta. Plants grow at the water's edge, briefly but frequently inundated by heavy rainfalls. | Sc. NC (Sorrie et al. 1997) through sc. GA to FL Panhandle, west to s. AL; very scattered in occurrence. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora croatanensis | Croatan Beaksedge | Wet pine savanna and pocosin ecotone, known from a single spodosol savanna site in Croatan National Forest, and growing with Ctenium aromaticum, Pinguicula caerulea, Sarracenia flava, Dionaea muscipula, Zenobia pulverulenta, Polygala ramosa, and Eriocaulon decangulare var. decangulare. | So far as is known, restricted to the outer Coastal Plain of NC. | |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora culixa | Georgia Beaksedge | Pine savannas, pine flatwoods. | GA and FL. |  © USF Herbarium staff |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora curtissii | Pine flatwoods and bogs. | An East Gulf Coastal Plain endemic, in Panhandle FL, AL, and s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); also reported from SC by Kral (1996) and for NC and SC by Kartesz (1999), but specimens so annotated are misidentified. |  (c) Sasser, Grayson - C, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora debilis | Savanna Beaksedge | Pine savannas, longleaf pine sandhill seeps, acid seeps and flatwoods inland. | Se. VA south to n. peninsular FL and west to se. TX (Brown & Marcus 1998). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora decurrens | Swamp-forest Beaksedge | Swamp forests and river marshes, especially along blackwater rivers. | Se. NC and e. SC (McMillan & Porcher 2005) south to c. peninsular FL and west to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora distans | Narrow-fruited Fascicled Beaksedge | Pine savannas and limesink ponds. | Se. VA south to s. FL and west to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); West Indies. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora divergens | White-seeded Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, especially where underlain by 'marl'. | Se. NC south to s. FL and west to se. TX; Bahamas; Mexico (Chiapas), Belize. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora elliottii | Elliott's Beaksedge | Pine savannas, ditches, other wet habitats, often weedy. | Se. NC south to c. peninsular FL and west to e. TX; Bahamas. |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora eximia | Baldrush | Pine flatwoods pond margins, mesic pine flatwoods. | Peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico south to South America; w. Africa. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora fascicularis | Fascicled Beaksedge | Pine savannas, limesink ponds, ditches, firelanes. A commonly encountered species in both intact and disturbed pine savannas and similar habitats in much of the Coastal Plain. | Se. VA south to s. FL and west to se. TX; West Indies; Central America and n. South America. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora fernaldii | Fernald's Beaksedge | Pine flatwoods. | S. GA south to s. FL, west to s. MS. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora filifolia | Threadleaved Beaksedge | Sandy shores of limesink (doline) depressions, especially at the lower margin, wet pine savannas. | S. NJ south to c. FL and west to e. TX; Cuba, Mexico (Tabasco), Belize, Nicaragua. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora floridensis | Florida Whitetop Sedge | Pine rocklands, marl prairies. | S. FL; Bahamas; Mexico (Chiapas, Yucatán) and Central America (Belize). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora fusca | Brown Beaksedge | Atlantic white-cedar swamps, sea-level fens, fens. | NL (Labrador) west to SK, south to NJ, e. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), MD, DE, WV (FNA; Harmon, Ford-Werntz, & Grafton 2006), IN, IL, and MN; nw. Europe. |  (c) Foster, Rob - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora galeana | Short-bristle Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas and associated wetlands. | Se. NC south to s. FL and west to s. MS; West Indies. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora globularis | Globe Beaksedge | Sandy or peaty depressions, wet ditches, powerline corridors, pine savannas, inland in acidic seeps and flatwoods. | DE south to s. FL and west to c. TX and OK; north in the interior to nc. TN; disjunct around the Great Lakes. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora glomerata | Clustered Beaksedge | Pine savannas, bogs, acidic seeps inland, other wet habitats. | S. NJ south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and west to e. TX, and inland in KY, TN, AR, and KS. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora gracilenta | Slender Beaksedge | Pine savannas, bogs, seeps. | NJ south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and west to e. TX, north in the inland to nc. TN, se. KY (Brock 2020), and AR; Cuba; Mexico (Chiapas), Belize, Nicaragua. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora grayi | Gray's Beaksedge | Longleaf pine sandhills and other dry, sandy sites, pine rocklands. | Se. VA south to s. FL, west to e. TX; Cuba. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora harperi | Harper's Beaksedge | Peaty limesink depression ponds (dolines), from standing water to the upper margins of the pond-shore. | Se. NC south to sc. peninsular FL and west to s. AL and s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); Belize. See Nelson (1993) for first SC record, and LeBlond (1997) for additional information on the species, especially its distribution. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora harveyi | Harvey's Beaksedge | Pine savannas in the Coastal Plain, seepage bogs in the Sandhills, bogs in the Mountains and Piedmont. | Se. VA south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and west to TX and OK, and north in the interior to nc. TN and MO. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora indianolensis | Indianola Beaksedge | Coastal prairies, ditches, bottomland forests; this species can be "locally abundant in cattle pastures in some areas (at least during wet years" (Carr 2016). | Endemic to the Coastal Plain of TX (Aransas, Calhoun, Colorado, Goliad, Harris, Jackson, Matagorda, Refugio, San Patricio and Victoria counties). |  (c) Smith, Jacob M. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora inexpansa | Nodding Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, streamhead pocosins where frequently burned, usually in peaty situations, often weedy, colonizing disturbances. | Se. VA south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and west to e. TX, AR, and se. OK (Singhurst, Mink, & Holmes 2012); reported for West Indies. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora inundata | Narrow-fruit Horned Beaksedge | In water of limesink dolines and clay-based Carolina bays. usually found in shallow water or at the lower margins of pond-shores, typically producing large colonies. | Apparently ranging from e. MA south to s. FL and west to e. TX (the range, however, obscured by confusion with R. corniculata) (Singhurst, Mink, & Holmes 2010). See Reid (2021) for information about its occurrence in Vermilion Parish, w. Louisiana. |  (c) Keim, Mary - CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora knieskernii | Moist sandy/peaty swales in Coastal Plain pinelands. | Endemic in NJ and DE. It has been reported, in error, from SC. |  (c) Laskaris, Yianni - CC-BY-NC | |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora latifolia | Broadleaf Whitetop Sedge | Wet pine savannas. | A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. NC south to s. FL and west to se. TX; disjunct in sc. TN (Coffee County). A report from Val Verde County, TX (Kartesz 2022) is not substantiated by documentation and is implausible. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora leptocarpa | Slender-fruited Beaksedge | Seepage bogs, pocosins, especially in openings. | Coastal Plain: E. NC south to ne. FL, Panhandle FL, west to se. LA; disjunct in s. NJ. Its occurrence in NC is reported by Sorrie et al. (1997). Its occurrence in NJ is reported by Moyer & Naczi (2016). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora macra | Southern White Beaksedge | Sphagnum bogs in frequently-burned streamhead pocosins, sandhill seepage bogs, highly acid, quaking peat bogs. | Sc. NC south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and west to se. TX; Nicaragua; Puerto Rico. The occurrence of this species in NC and SC is discussed by Sorrie et al. (1997). |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora macrostachya | Tall Horned Beaksedge | Marshes, tidal marshes, swamps, upland depression ponds, other wetlands. | NS and E. MA south to ne. FL and west to e. TX, north in the interior to sc. TN, s. MI, MO, and KS; disjunct (historically) in s. ME. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora marliniana | Marlins’ Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas and Florida wet prairies. | FL Panhandle west through AL to MS; Central America in se. Mexico (Tabasco), Belize, ne. Honduras, and ne. Nicaragua. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora megalocarpa | Sandhill Beaksedge | Xeric longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub. | Se. NC south to s. FL, west to MS. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora megaplumosa | Longbristled Beaksedge | Scrubby pine flatwoods. | Endemic to the c. and w. FL peninsula (Highlands, Polk, Hillsborough, Manatee, and Sarasota counties). |  (c) Bridges, Edwin |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora mesoatlantica | Mid-Atlantic Beaksedge | Seasonally ponded Coastal Plain ponds. | Endemic to the Coastal Plain of s. NJ, DE, and MD. |  (c) Ciafré, Claire - CC-BY-NC |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora microcarpa | Southern Beaksedge | Swamp forests, maritime wet grasslands, wet pine savannas, marl prairies, strand swamps, cypress woodlands. | E. NC south to s. FL and west to TX; West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico); Bahamas; Belize. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora microcephala | Small-headed Beaksedge | Pine savannas, longleaf pine sandhill-pocosin ecotones. | S. NJ south to s. FL and west to MS; Cuba. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora miliacea | Millet Beaksedge | Swamp forests, including maritime swamp forests. | Se. VA south to s. FL and west to e. TX; West Indies. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora mixta | Mingled Beaksedge | Swamp forests, marshes. | Ne. NC south to c. peninsular FL and west to e. TX. |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora nitens | Short-beaked Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, limesink (doline) ponds, ditches, disturbed wet areas, often weedy. | Primarily a Coastal Plain endemic: MA south to s. FL and west to se. TX; lowlands around the Great Lakes (sw. MI, ne. IN); West Indies; Belize, Nicaragua. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora nivea | Snowy Whitetop Sedge | Creek beds and seepages over limestone or other calcareous substrates. | Se. and s. OK south c. TX (especially the Edwards Plateau). Reported for Arkansas County, AR (Kartesz 2022), but the only basis for attributing this species to Arkansas are two 19th century specimens labeled "Arkansas" and likely from what is now sc. OK. |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora obliterata | Texas Beaksedge | Pond shores with fluctuating water levels, wet grasslands. | E. TX and e. AR. Not seen since 1884. The known collections (from Gale 1944) are: Arkansas, borders of ponds, east Arkansas (vicinity of Grand Prairie), July 1884, Harvey 12 (GH); Texas, Harris Co., Cypress City, Aug 1877, Boll 793 (MO); Texas, Waller Co., ponds, Hempstead, 16 Apr 1872, Hall 709 (holotype GH; isotypes MO, NY, US); Texas, Calhoun Co., prairie near Indianola, 30 May 1869, Ravenel 144 (NY, mixed with R. recognita). |  © Harvard Herbarium staff |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora odorata | Fragrant Beaksedge | Maritime swamp forests and maritime wet grasslands. | E. NC south to s. FL; West Indies and Bahamas. First reported for SC by Nelson & Kelly (1997). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora oligantha | Feather-bristled Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, sandhill-pocosin ecotones, sandhill seepage bogs, sea-level fens, usually in rather peaty, acid places. | S. NJ south to ne. FL, Panhandle FL, and west to se. TX; Belize, Nicaragua. Considered to be absent between NC and NJ prior to its discovery in e. VA (Fleming & Ludwig 1996). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora pallida | Pale Beaksedge | Pine savanna-pocosin and sandhill-pocosin ecotones, peaty seepage bogs, usually growing in or near Sphagnum. | Long Island, NY south through NJ to nc. SC, primarily in NJ and NC. See Nelson (1993) for first SC record. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora perplexa | Pineland Beaksedge | Seasonally or intermittently ponded depression wetlands. | E. NC south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and west to TX, and north in the interior to ec. TN; West Indies. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora pineticola | Pinebarren Beaksedge | Sandhills, scrub, other dry sandy pinelands. | Ne. FL and e. Panhandle FL south to s. FL; Cuba. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora pinetorum | Small's Beaksedge | Wet calcareous pine savannas. | FL west to MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999) and e. TX, apparently somewhat disjunct to se. NC and ne. SC; also in the West Indies and Central America. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora pleiantha | Coastal Beaksedge | Sandy margins of limesink depression ponds (dolines), typically in shallow water or at the lower margins of pond-shores. | Se. NC south to c. peninsular FL, and Panhandle FL, west to se. AL; Cuba. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora plumosa | Plumed Beaksedge | Pine savannas, sandhill-pocosin ecotones, especially where the sandy surface dries out in summer (on spodosols such as the Leon soil series). | NC south to s. FL and west to se. TX; West Indies (Cuba); Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora punctata | Pineland Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, pitcherplant bogs. | S. GA south to ne. FL. |  © USF Herbarium staff |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora pusilla | Dwarf Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, especially in exposed wet sands of disturbed ground, such as roadsides. | E. NC south to s. FL and west to e. TX; West Indies; Mexico (Tabasco, Chiapas), Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora rariflora | Few-flower Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas, seepage bogs in the fall-line Sandhills, bogs in the Piedmont and Mountains. | S. NJ south to s. FL and west to e. TX; rarely inland, as in ec. TN, w. NC, nw. SC, n. GA, etc.; West Indies; Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora recognita | Cymose Beaksedge | Wet to dry low grounds, diabase glades, ditches, powerline corridors, pine savannas, moist seepage on rock outcrops, other saturated areas. | NJ south to FL, west to TX, north in the interior to nc. TN and around the Great Lakes; CA; West Indies; Central America. |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora saxicola | Seepages on granitic outcrops and Altamaha Grit glades. | W. SC south into the Piedmont and rarely Coastal Plain of c. GA and ne. and ec. AL (Kral 1999). |  © Scott Ward | |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora scirpoides | Long-beak Beaksedge | Limesink ponds, usually at the lower margins of pond-shores, wet pine savannas, beaver ponds, and other wetlands with "drawdown" hydrology. | Se. MA south to n. peninsular FL, Panhandle FL, s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999), se. OK, and TX (Singhurst, Bridges, & Holmes 2007); disjunct in the lowlands around the Great Lakes; West Indies, Central America. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora setosa | Seepage slope (bog) embedded in longleaf pine savanna. | Known only from s. MS. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora solitaria | Autumn Beaksedge | Wet, sandy/peaty depressions. | Known from a few sites in the Gulf Coastal Plain of GA (Colquitt, Irwin, Tift, and Turner counties) (Sorrie 1998b) and SC (Berkeley County) (McMillan & Porcher 2005). It should be sought in seepage bogs in the Fall-line Sandhills of the Carolinas and in wet pine savannas of the outer Coastal Plain. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora stenophylla | Coastal Bog Beaksedge | Peaty seepage bogs, streamhead pocosins, savanna-pocosin ecotones, usually growing in Sphagnum, especially where frequently burned. | Se. and sc. NC south to nw. FL and west to s. MS; disjunct in se. VA (Southampton Co.) (Belden et al. 2004). Reported for GA by Sorrie (1998b). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora stiletto | Stiletto Beaksedge | Fens, calcareous wet prairies, limestone river scour outcrops. | Sc. TN to ne. AL; se. MO and adjacent ne. AR. It is only known from a small number of rare limestone-laden sites in central TN, ne. AL, se. MO, and ne. AR; further surveys are needed within its range. |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora sulcata | Grooved Beaksedge | Limesink ponds (dolines), Carolina bays, other seasonally ponded depressional wetlands. | Se. NC south to Panhandle FL; West Indies (Cuba); Central America and perhaps n. South America. See Ungberg (2022) for discussion of its occurrence in NC. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora thornei | Thorne's Beaksedge | In open sands in wet pine savannas underlain by marl, and nearby roadsides, moist limestone barrens and prairies in seasonal seepage (GA, MS). | Known from about 35 locations, in Coastal Plain of NC, SC, GA, ne. FL, Panhandle FL, and AL; also in Ridge and Valley region of AL and GA, and Black Belt region of AL. Discovered in SC (Georgetown Co.) by McMillan (2003). Discovered for MS (J. Kees, 2022). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora torreyana | Torrey's Beaksedge | Pine savannas, seepage bogs, often weedy. | Se. MA south to GA, AL, and MS. |  (c) Ungberg, Eric - C, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora tracyi | Tracy's Beaksedge | Pondcypress savannas and graminoid-dominated depressions, in small, clay-based Carolina bays, Coastal Plain natural lakes, or shallow limesink ponds (dolines), typically in shallow water or at the lower margins of pond-shores; in s. FL often a monospecific dominant in marl prairies and marshes. | S. NC south to s. FL, west to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); disjunct in sw. LA and e. TX; Bahamas; West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola); Central America (Belize). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora vernalis | Spring Beaksedge | Depression ponds and other seasonally saturated to ponded, fire-maintained wetlands. | FL. |  (c) Bridges, Edwin |
| Cyperaceae | Rhynchospora wrightiana | Wright's Beaksedge | Wet pine savannas. | Se. VA south to c. FL and west to s. AL and s. MS; West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella | Little Bulrush, Little Bulsedge |  (c) Marcum, Paul | ||
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella erecta ssp. raynalii | Weakstalk Bulrush | Sandy or peaty, seasonally wet soils (such as on pond shores). | Apparently ranging from SC (where not seen recently) south to s. peninsular FL (K. Bradley, [in prep.]; pers. comm. 2020), sw. GA, and s. AL; also in the tropics of both hemispheres. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella hallii | Sharpscale Bulrush | Pond shores in peaty sands. | It has also been reported for our area by RAB, and is apparently included in our area by C, as Scirpus supinus Linnaeus var. hallii (A. Gray) A. Gray, and by others; at least some of these reports are misidentifications of the similar S. erectus. It is reported for sw. GA by Jones & Coile (1988) and Smith in FNA (2002b). |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella mucronata | Rough-seed Bulrush | Ponds, ditches, ricefields, disturbed wet ground. | Native of Eurasia. Weed (native of Eurasia) in rice fields and other disturbed situations, known from old collections in PA, NJ, NY and more recently from VA (Virginia Botanical Associates 2009), KY, and TN. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella purshiana var. purshiana | Bluntscale Bulrush | Fens, depression marshes, marshes, shores. | ME west to MN, south to nc. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), AL, MS, TN, and KY. |  © Bruce Sorrie |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella purshiana var. williamsii | Seasonal ponded shores. | MA, MI, WI, DE, and MD. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella saximontana | Rocky Mountain Club-rush | Damp soils, shallow water of prairie potholes. | Widely scattered, mainly in the Great Plains states, south to s. Mexico (BCN, BCS, CHH, COA, NLE, ROO, SLP, TAM). |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella smithii var. leviseta | Gravelly intertidal beaches. | QC west to MN, south to NJ, DE, ne. VA, PA, n. OH, and IL. Reported from mountains of sw. VA. |  (c) Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa | Millponds, Atlantic White-cedar swamps. | QC, ON, and MN south to DE, MD, NC, n. IN, and ne. IL. |  (c) Derek - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectiella smithii var. smithii | Smith's Bulrush | Freshwater and tidal shores. | ME, QC, ON, and MN south to DE, PA, OH, IN, and IL. |  (c) Routledge, Rob - CC-BY-NC |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus | Bulrush, Bulsedge |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus | Hardstem Bulrush, Great Bulrush | Freshwater tidal marshes, calcareous spring marshes. | The species is widespread in temperate North America; also ne. Asia. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus americanus | Olney Threesquare | Tidal freshwater to brackish marshes. | NS west to WA, south to South America. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus californicus | Giant Bulrush, Southern Bulrush, Tule, California Bulrush | Marshes. | SC south to s. FL, west to TX, and extending s. into the New World tropics; on the west coast, from CA southward. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus deltarum | Delta Bulrush | Brackish marshes and other wetlands. | AL and FL west to KS and se. TX. |  (c) Schmid, Samuel A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus etuberculatus | Swamp Bulrush, Canby's Bulrush | Beaver ponds, on peat in small depression ponds, in flowing blackwater streams. | DE south to c. peninsular FL and west to e. TX (the distribution rather discontinuous); substantially disjunct in s. MO (Oregon County). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus heterochaetus | Slender Bulrush | Fresh marshes and lakes. | VT and QC west to AB, south to NY, PA, w. KY, TX, and CA. |  (c) Aaron, Nathan - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus lacustris ssp. lacustris | Native of Europe. |  (c) konstantinseliverstov - CC-BY | ||
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatus | Western Three-square | Marshes, fens. | ON, NT, and BC south to TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico. | |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens | Common Threesquare, Chairmaker's Rush, Swordgrass | Tidal marshes, other marshes, inland salt marshes, rocky river beds, wet meadows, lake edges, moist fields. | The species is circumboreal, ranging in North America from NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to South America; var. pungens is widespread. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus subterminalis | Swaying Rush, Water Bulrush | Beaver ponds, bogs, blackwater creeks, peat mats, in highly acid water. | NL (Newfoundland) west to s. AK, south to se. NC, nc. SC, MO, UT (?), and n. CA (the distribution discontinuous, especially southward); disjunct southwards in s. AL and Panhandle FL. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani | Softstem Bulrush, Great Bulrush, Cattail-flag | Tidal marshes, freshwater marshes, sedge meadows, streambeds, riverbeds, floodplain pools, calcareous fens. | NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to South America; also in Eurasia, Africa, etc. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus torreyi | Torrey's Bulrush, Torrey's Threesquare | Sinkhole ponds. | NB west to MB, south to NJ, PA, WV, w. VA, MO, and NE. Known in VA only from natural ponds in Augusta and Rockingham counties. Reported as new to MD (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016). |  (c) Johnson, Sarah - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Schoenus | Blacksedge, Bogrush |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Cyperaceae | Schoenus nigricans | Blacksedge, Black Bog-rush | Marshes, marl prairies, calcareous bogs, calcareous glades, wet flatwoods, wet pine rocklands, always with either calcareous or saline influence creating circumneutral or alkaline soils. | Panhandle FL, peninsular FL, sc. TX, s. CA, s. NV and s. NM south into Mexico (CHP, COA, NLE, OAX, ROO, SLP, TAB, TAM), Central America, and South America; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica); Old World tropics, subtropics, and temperate areas (Eurasia and Africa). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpoides | Round-headed Bulrush, Round-headed Bulsedge |  (c) Frade, Duarte - CC-BY | ||
| Cyperaceae | Scirpoides holoschoenus | Round-headed Bulrush | Ore piles; probably only a waif. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Søndergaard, Skjold - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus | Bulrush, Bulsedge |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus ancistrochaetus | Northeastern Bulrush | Mountain ponds. | VT, MA, sc. NY, and s. QC south to PA, e. WV, and w. VA. |  © Kyle Filicky |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus atrocinctus | Blackish Bulrush, Black-girdled Woolsedge | Bogs, wet meadows. | NL (Newfoundland) and NL (Labrador) west to NT and BC, south to n. NJ, WV (Grant, Hampshire, Harrison, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Randolph, and Tucker counties), IL, IA, SD, WY, and WA. |  (c) Suitor, Doug - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus atrovirens | Black Bulrush | Marshes, bogs, wet meadows. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to GA and TX; disjunct in AZ. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus cyperinus | Woolly Bulrush, Woolgrass Bulrush | Marshes, ditches, beaver ponds, disturbed wet ground. | NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to c. peninsular FL, e. TX, and OR. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus divaricatus | Blackwater cypress-gum swamps. | Se. VA south to Panhandle FL, west to e. TX, s. TN, and s. MO. |  (c) Wright, Janet - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus expansus | Woodland Bulrush | Bogs, fens, marshes, streambeds. | ME west to MI, south to ne. GA and OH. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus flaccidifolius | Reclining Bulrush | Bottomlands. | Endemic to se. VA and ne. NC. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus georgianus | Georgia Bulrush | Marshes, wet areas, ditches. | ME west to e. MN, se. NE, south to GA and e. and nc. TX. |  © Scott Ward |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus hattorianus | Northern Bulrush | Seepages, ditches, marshes, wet meadows, mostly at moderate to high elevations. | NL (Newfoundland) to w. ON and WI, south to MD, NC, OH, and IN. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus lineatus | Drooping Bulrush | Swamp forests over limestone. | Se. VA south to c. peninsular FL, west to LA. Reported for a single county (Tucker County) in WV (Harmon, Ford-Werntz, & Grafton 2006); this record here discounted. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus longii | Marshes. | NS south to s. NJ. Also reported as occurring in e. NC by Radford, Ahles, & Bell (1968) and Fernald (1950); this report is in error. |  (c) bobkennedy - CC-BY-SA | |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus microcarpus | Small-fruited Bulrush | Marshes. | NL (Newfoundland) and NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to n. NJ, e. WV (Monongalia, Pocahontas, Randolph, and Tucker counties), KY, IL, IA, NE, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico (BCN, DGO, OAX, SIN). |  (c) Steven, Daniel - C, permission granted to NCBG |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus pallidus | Cloaked Bulrush | Marshes. | ON west to BC, south to WI, MO, TX, NM, AZ, OR. Possibly disjunct (and if so, probably introduced) in se. PA (reported by Rhoads & Klein [1993] but not by Rhoads & Block [2007]) and NJ (Kartesz [1999, 2010], with no definite county location). |  (c) Lamb, Eric - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus pedicellatus | Marshes. | NL (Newfoundland), ON and MN south to n. NJ, OH, c. KY, and MO. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus pendulus | Rufous Bulrush, Nodding Bulrush | Fens, wet meadows and seeps over limestone, diabase, or other circumneutral rocks. | ME west to MN, SD, and CO, south to NC, ne. FL, NM, and n. Mexico. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Cyperaceae | Scirpus polyphyllus | Marshes, floodplain forests, mountain bogs, seeps, fens. | MA and VT west to IL and s. MO, south to nc. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) and AL. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |
| Cyperaceae | Scleria | Nutrush, Nutsedge |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Cyperaceae | Scleria baldwinii | Baldwin's Nutrush | Wet pine or pondcypress savannas, under Pinus serotina, P. palustris, and/or Taxodium ascendens. | Se. NC south to s. FL and west to se. TX; also in w. Cuba and the Bahamas (Sorrie & LeBlond 1997). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Cyperaceae | Scleria bellii | Smooth-seeded Hairy Nutrush | Coastal prairies, wet pine savannas shallowly underlain by coquina limestone in the Coastal Plain, and apparently in diabase glades and barrens in the Piedmont. Scleria bellii is associated in the NC Coastal Plain with narrow endemics such as Thalictrum cooleyi, Allium species 1, and Carex lutea. | Currently known from scattered sites from NC south to FL and west to TX; disjunct in Mexico and Cuba. |  (c) Smith, Jake |
| Cyperaceae | Scleria ciliata | Hairy Nutrush | Wet to dry sandy thickets and pine flatwoods, typically on sandy soil. | VA south to FL, west to MO and TX; West Indies; Mexico and Central America; s. South America |  (c) Aaron, Nathan - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Scleria distans var. distans | Riverswamp Nutrush | Moist sandy or peaty soil of pine savannas and flatwoods, boggy areas, and wet openings along roads. | GA south to s. FL west to TX; West Indies; Mexico, Central and South America; Africa. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Cyperaceae | Scleria eggersiana | Eggers's Nutrush | Strand swamps. | Native of the West Indies (Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, including Puerto Rico); Mexico, Central America, and South America. |  (c) Silvestrini, Steve Maldonado - CC-BY-NC |
| Cyperaceae | Scleria elliottii | Broad-leaved Hairy Nutrush | Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, pine-oak woodlands, meadows, bogs, and clay-based Carolina bays, typically on loamy sands. | VA south to FL, west to TX, MO, OK; Cuba. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Cyperaceae | Scleria flaccida | Flaccid Nutrush | Coastal hammocks, maritime forests, oak woods and thickets near saltwater, blackwater swamps. | Scattered along the outer Coastal Plain from se. VA to s. FL and west to LA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |