| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamiaceae | Aegiphila | ||||
| Lamiaceae | Aegiphila elata | Tall Spiritweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mexico south to n. South America, and West Indies. | |
| Lamiaceae | Agastache | Giant-hyssop |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Agastache foeniculum | Lavender Giant-hyssop, Blue Giant-hyssop | Disturbed areas, spread from cultivation. | Native of w. North America. Cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in scattered locations in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), KY (Kartesz 1999), and elsewhere. |  (c) Graeff, Alex - CC-BY-NC-ND, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Agastache nepetoides | Yellow Giant-hyssop | Woodlands and forests, generally over calcareous or mafic rocks. | VT west to MN, south to nw. GA and OK. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Agastache rugosa | Korean Mint, Purple Giant-hyssop | Roadbanks, disturbed areas, escaped from horticultural use. | Native of Korea. Reported for several sites in VA (Virginia Botanical Associates 2019). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Agastache scrophulariifolia | Purple Giant-hyssop | Rich woodlands and forests, bottomlands. | VT west to MN, south to NC, e. TN, n. GA, and e. KS. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Ajuga | Bugle, Bugleweed |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Ajuga chamaepitys | Yellow Bugle, Ground-pine Bugle | Banks and bluffs, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Berg, Christian - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Ajuga genevensis | Standing Bugle | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Cultivated and rarely escaped in ne. North America, reported as naturalized as far south as PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), MD (Kartesz 1999), and WV (Harmon, Ford-Werntz, & Grafton 2006), where considered "not confirmed as naturalized." |  (c) Semmling, Bonnie - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Ajuga pyramidalis | Pyramid Bugle | Waif from horticultural use. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Czołczyński, Bartosz - CC0 |
| Lamiaceae | Ajuga reptans | Carpet Bugle | Lawns and roadsides. | Native of Europe. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Ballota | Black Horehound |  (c) Danilevsky), Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy - CC-BY | ||
| Lamiaceae | Ballota nigra | Black Horehound | Disturbed areas. | Native of the Mediterranean region. Introduced in several northern localities, and apparently documented from sw. AL. | (c) Danilevsky), Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Betonica |  (c) Nesterova, Svetlana - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |||
| Lamiaceae | Betonica officinalis | Common European Hedge-nettle | Persisting and spreading clonally from cultivation. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Nesterova, Svetlana - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Blephilia | Woodmint, Pagoda-plant |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Blephilia ciliata | Downy Woodmint | Woodlands, meadows, forests, prairies, usually in circumneutral soils (over diabase, limestone, shell, etc.). | MA and WI south to c. GA and AR. |  (c) Stuart, Will |
| Lamiaceae | Blephilia hirsuta | Hairy Woodmint | Rich, rocky or alluvial forests, montane forests up to at least 5000 feet elevation. | QC and MN south to NC, AL, AR, and e. TX. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Blephilia species 1 | Great Smoky Mountain Woodmint; Great Smoky Mountain Pagoda-mint | Mountain forests. | Great Smoky Mountains, NC and TN. |  © Ryan Schiller |
| Lamiaceae | Blephilia subnuda | Smooth Woodmint, Cumberland Woodmint | Moist to dry calcareous forests, limestone ledges. | Endemic (so far as is known) to the Cumberland Plateau of ne. AL (Jackson and Madison counties) and se. TN (Franklin County). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Blephilia woffordii | Wofford's Woodmint | Limestone bluffs and cliffs. | Along the Caney Fork River, Eastern Highland Rim of TN (DeKalb County and perhaps Smith County). |  © Todd Crabtree |
| Lamiaceae | Brazoria |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | |||
| Lamiaceae | Brazoria arenaria | Sand Brazos-mint | Tallgrass grasslands dominated by Schizachyrium littorale and Paspalum monostachyum. | Endemic to s. TX (the TX Sand Sheet). | |
| Lamiaceae | Brazoria pulcherrima | Pretty Brazoria, Pretty Brazos-mint | Sandy soils. | E. TX. | (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Lamiaceae | Brazoria truncata | Blunt-sepal Brazoria, Centerville Brazos-mint | Loose sandy soils. | Se. TX south to s. TX. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Callicarpa | Beautyberry |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Lamiaceae | Callicarpa americana | Beautyberry, American Beautyberry, French-mulberry, Filigrana | Hammocks, other forests (especially with sandy or rocky soils), maritime forests (the main habitat northward), pine flatwoods, disturbed areas. | MD and AR south to s. FL, TX; West Indies. Reported as native for Lyon County, KY (Brock 2020). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Callicarpa dichotoma | Chinese Beautyberry | Roadsides, powerline rights-of-way, woodland edges, suburban woodlands, bogs, bottomlands. | Native of Asia. This species is beginning to spread more rapidly in the Southeast. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Callicarpa japonica | Japanese Beautyberry | Suburban woodlands. | Native of e. Asia. Reported for Durham County, NC by Moldenke (1980); corroborated by specimens from Orange County, NC (Giencke, pers. comm., 2005). See Atha et al. (2019b) for a report from n. NJ. |  (c) George, David - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Cantinoa | Cantinoa |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Lamiaceae | Cantinoa americana | Marubio | Disturbed upland areas. | Native of tropical America. |  (c) Zeng, 曾昱承 Yu-Cheng - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Cantinoa mutabilis | Tropical Bushmint | Moist disturbed areas. | Native of South America. | (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Chaiturus | Horehound Motherwort |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Chaiturus marrubiastrum | Horehound Motherwort | Floodplains, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe and n. Asia. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum | Glory-bower |  (c) Minnich, Dave - CC-BY | ||
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum bungei var. bungei | Rose Glorybower, Kashmir-bouquet, Brocamelia | Roadsides and suburban woodlands, spread from horticultural use. | Native of e. Asia. First reported from South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997); also reported for our area by W. Duncan (pers. comm.). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum chinense | Stickbush | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. Cultivated and naturalized in FL, including the Panhandle (Escambia County) (Wunderlin & Hansen 2004). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum indicum | Tubeflower, Turk's-turban | Disturbed areas, roadsides, spread from horticultural use. | Native of the Malaysian Archipelago. |  (c) Diamond, Alvin - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum japonicum | Japanese Glorybower | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. Also cultivated and is reported to be naturalized in MD (Staff of the Bailey Hortorium 1976), but we know of no evidence. |  (c) Herzog, Claire - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum paniculatum | Pagoda-flower | Disturbed areas, persistent or spread from horticultural use. | Native of tropical Asia. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum quadriloculare | Philippine Glorybower, Starburst Bush, Shooting Star | Disturbed wetlands. | Native of Asia. |  (c) Richman, Mark - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum speciosissimum | Javanese Glorybower | Disturbed areas, rockland hammocks. | Native of Java. |  (c) Windsor, Arthur - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum trichotomum | Harlequin Beauty-Bower | Roadsides, streambanks; cultivated and also strongly naturalized, this species is becoming a serious invasive in many parts of our region. | Native of e. Asia. |  (c) Wright, Janet - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Clerodendrum umbellatum | Umbrella Glory-bower |  (c) Boerekamps, Jean-Paul - CC0 | ||
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium | Calamint |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium acinos | Mother-of-thyme, Basil-thyme | Cultivated, rarely escaped or persisting. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Максимова, Татьяна - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium arkansanum | Arkansas Calamint | Dry to moist limestone glades, chalk barren (MS). | ON west to MN, south to w. NY, nw. PA, w. VA, WV, IL, c. TN, and s. WI; also in MO, OK, AR, and TX. |  (c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium ascendens | Common Calamint | Rich calcareous slope. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Jorge, Vítor - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium ashei | Ashe's Calamint, Ashe's Savory, Ohoopee Dunes Wild Basil | White sand Florida scrub; longleaf pine sandhills. | Peninsular FL (Marion and Volusia counties south to Highlands and possibly Glades counties); disjunct in e. GA (Candler and Tatnall counties). | (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium brownei | Browne's Savory | Floodplain forests, pondshores. | Sw. GA and s. FL west to e. and s. TX; Mexico, Central America, and South America. In sw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) and reported for SC (Beaufort County, SC) (Daniel Payne, pers. comm. 2006, specimen at CLEMS). |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium calamintha | Lesser Calamint, Basil-thyme | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium coccineum | Scarlet Calamint, Scarlet Wild Basil, Red Mint Shrub | Longleaf pine sandhills and pine flatwoods. | E. GA south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. MS. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium dentatum | Florida Calamint, Toothed Savory | Longleaf pine sandhills and xeric steepheads. | Endemic to Panhandle FL. |  (c) Griffith, Floyd A. |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium georgianum | Georgia Calamint | Longleaf pine sandhills, dry rocky or sandy woodlands. | S. NC south to Panhandle FL and west to LA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium glabellum | Smooth Calamint | Dry-mesic to mesic shaley forests, dry to moist limestone barrens and glades. | Nc. KY, c. TN, south to c. AL; possibly in AR and s. MO as well. Reports of this for VA (Kartesz 1999) are apparently based on confusion with Clinopodium arkansanum. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium gracile | Slender Wild Basil | Disturbed areas, roadsides, bottomland forests. | Native of Asia. Introduced in s. AL, FL, LA (Kartesz 1999; Woods, Diamond, & Searcy 2003), MS (S.W. Leonard, pers. comm. 2005), GA (Zomlefer et al. 2011, 2012), and SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]). |  (c) scrofa, Sus - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium macrocalyx | Large-flowered Scarlet Calamint | Longleaf pine sandhills and pine flatwoods. | Ec. peninsular FL (Seminole, Orange, and Brevard counties). |  © Ryan Schiller |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium species 1 | Indian Grave Mountain Wild Basil | Montane longleaf pine/chestnut oak/Georgia oak woodlands on Hollis quartzite along the main Pine Mountain ridge. | Pine Mountain, GA. | |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium talladeganum | Talladega Wild Basil | Open to sparsely wooded, upland, dry rocky or older dry sandy alluvium substrates. | Endemic to the Talladega Mountains/Piedmont transition of AL (Calhoun, Clay, & Cleburne counties). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Clinopodium vulgare | Wild Basil | Pastures, roadbanks, forests, thin soils around rock outcrops. | NL (Newfoundland) to MB, south to NC, sc. TN, and KS; widespread in Europe; scattered in w. North America, apparently as an introduction. Plants in our area reflect both native and introduced genotypes. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Collinsonia | Horsebalm, Richweed, Stoneroot |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Lamiaceae | Collinsonia anisata | Southern Horsebalm, Anise Horsebalm | Rich forests. | C. GA south and west to Panhandle FL and west to s. MS, on the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Collinsonia canadensis | Richweed, Northern Horsebalm | Cove forests, rich forests, especially over calcareous or mafic substrates. | QC, MI, and WI, south to Panhandle FL and LA. Recently found on Crowleys Ridge in the AR Coastal Plain. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Collinsonia punctata | Florida Horsebalm | Rich woods. | S. SC (Barnwell County) to e. LA, on the Coastal Plain. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Collinsonia tuberosa | Stoneroot | Rich forests, over calcareous or mafic substrates. | C. NC west to c. TN, south to n. GA, MS, and LA. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Collinsonia verticillata | Whorled Horsebalm | Rich forests, ranging from moist (cove) forests to rather dry oak forests over mafic or calcareous rocks. | Sc. VA west to e. TN, south to w. NC, nw. SC, c. GA, and MS; disjunct in s. OH. The range is strangely scattered and fragmented. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Condea |  (c) Horn, Jay | |||
| Lamiaceae | Condea floribunda | Disturbed coastal sands, roadside ditches and embankments. | Native of Argentina and Paraguay. Reported for s. AL (Baldwin County) by Keener et al. (2024). See Franck et al. (2016). |  (c) hernández, daniel - CC-BY-NC | |
| Lamiaceae | Condea verticillata | John Charles, Clustered Bushmint | Hammocks, disturbed areas. | Native of tropical America. | (c) Horn, Jay |
| Lamiaceae | Conradina | Conradina, Rosemary |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Conradina brevifolia | Shortleaf Rosemary | Florida scrub. | Endemic to c. peninsular FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Conradina canescens | Gray Rosemary | Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, pine flatwoods, riverine sandbars. | Panhandle FL and s. AL west to s. MS. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Conradina cygniflora | Swan-flowered Rosemary | Florida scrub and longleaf pine sandhills. | Endemic to ec. Putnam County, FL (Dunns Creek State Park). |  (c) Abair, Alex - CC-BY-NC |
| Lamiaceae | Conradina etonia | Etoniah Rosemary | Sand pine (white sand) scrub and longleaf pine sandhills. | Endemic to nw. Putnam County, FL. |  (c) Reala, Matt - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Conradina glabra | Apalachicola Rosemary | Longleaf pine sandhills. | Panhandle FL (Liberty County). Also known from at least one collection in Baldwin County, AL (Miller s.n.; TROY 32540). |  (c) Griffith, Floyd A. |
| Lamiaceae | Conradina grandiflora | Large-flowered Rosemary | Florida scrub and scrubby pine flatwoods. | N. peninsular FL (Marion and Volusia counties) south to s. peninsular FL (Miami-Dade County). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Conradina verticillata | Cumberland Rosemary | Flood-scoured cobble bars of large rivers. | Endemic to the Cumberland Plateau area of ne. TN and se. KY. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Cornutia | Tropical-Lilac | |||
| Lamiaceae | Cornutia grandifolia | Azulejo, Tropical-lilac | Disturbed pine rocklands. | Native of Mexico and Central America. |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Lamiaceae | Cunila | Stone-mint, American-dittany, Wild-oregano |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Lamiaceae | Cunila origanoides | Stone-mint, American-dittany, Wild-oregano | Dry rocky slopes, shale barrens, other dry (usually sloping) woodlands and barrens. | S. NY and PA west to MO, south to c. SC, n. GA, n. AL, nw. MS, c. and s. LA (allegedly), and ne. TX (Singhurst & Holmes 2004). | (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra | Dicerandra, Scrub-balm |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra christmanii | Lake Wales Balm, Christman’s Mint | Florida scrub. | Endemic to Highlands County, FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra cornutissima | Long-spurred Scrub-balm, Robin's Mint | Florida scrub. | Endemic to Marion and Sumter counties, FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra densiflora | Florida Scrub-balm | Longleaf pine sandhills. | Endemic to n. peninsular FL (Huck 1987). Reported for GA by Small (1933), but this report is apparently in error. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra frutescens | Scrub Balm, Lloyd’s Mint | Florida scrub, longleaf pine sandhills. | Endemic to Highlands County, FL. | (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra fumella | Smoky Balm, Alabama Balm | Sandhills and dry sandy hammocks. | Panhandle of FL west to s. AL. | |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra immaculata var. immaculata | Lakela’s Balm, Olga’s Mint | Florida scrub. | Endemic to Indian River and St. Lucie counties, FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra immaculata var. savannarum | Savanna Balm | Coastal dunes and interdune swales. | Endemic to St. Lucie County, FL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra linearifolia var. linearifolia | Sandhills and flatwoods. | W. Coastal Plain and adjacent Piedmont of GA. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra linearifolia var. robustior | Longleaf pine sandhills and flatwoods. | Sc. Coastal Plain of GA (Brooks, Echols, Lowndes counties) (Huck 1987) south to e. Panhandle FL and ne. FL, east of the Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River, with a hybrid zone with D. fumella in the Marianna Lowland west of the Chattahoochee-Apalachicola and east of the Choctawhatchee Divide. |  (c) Ward, Scott G | |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra modesta | Blushing Scrub Balm | Florida scrub. | Endemic to Polk County, FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra odoratissima | Harper’s Scrub-balm | Longleaf pine sandhills. | S. SC south to se. GA. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra radfordiana | Radford's Scrub-balm | Dry pine flatwoods and longleaf pine sandhills. | Endemic to e. GA (McIntosh County). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra species 1 | Georgia Scrub-balm | Dry flatwoods and longleaf pine sandhills. | Endemic to e. GA (in the Atlantic Coastal Plain). | |
| Lamiaceae | Dicerandra thinicola | Titusville Balm | Florida scrub, especially yellow sands. Religated in some cases to sandy firelanes on the margins of overgrown Quercus myrtifolia or Q. geminata scrub. | Endemic to Brevard County, FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Dracocephalum | Dragon's-head |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Lamiaceae | Dracocephalum parviflorum | American Dragon's-head | Cultivated ground, disturbed areas. | Native in w. North America. Reported for VA and MD (Wright et al. 2023). |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Lamiaceae | Dracocephalum thymiflorum | Thyme-leaf Dragonhead | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | |
| Lamiaceae | Elsholtzia |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |||
| Lamiaceae | Elsholtzia ciliata | Disturbed areas, streambanks, suburban forests. | Native of Asia. First reported for NC by Leonard (1971b). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |
| Lamiaceae | Galeopsis | Hemp-nettle |  (c) Danielson, Erik | ||
| Lamiaceae | Galeopsis bifida | Bifid Hemp-nettle | Streamsides, pastures, roadsides. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Lamiaceae | Galeopsis ladanum var. ladanum | Red Hemp-nettle | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. Adventive in ne. North America, south at least to se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993) and s. NJ. | |
| Lamiaceae | Galeopsis tetrahit | Common Hemp-nettle | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. Naturalized in ne. North America. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Lamiaceae | Glechoma | Gill-over-the-ground |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Glechoma hederacea | Gill-over-the-ground, Ground-ivy, Creeping Charlie, Runaway-Robin, Haymaids, Field-Balm | Lawns, gardens, forests, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Gmelina | Bushbeech | |||
| Lamiaceae | Gmelina arborea | Gumhar, Asian Bushbeech | Disturbed pine flatwoods. | Native of Asia. | |
| Lamiaceae | Hedeoma | American Pennyroyal |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Lamiaceae | Hedeoma acinoides | Slender Hedeoma | In shallow soils over limestone. | Sc. TX, e. Edwards Plateau, and Lampasas Cutplain, also e. and se. Coastal Plain of TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Hedeoma drummondii var. drummondii | Drummond's Hedeoma | Blackland prairies. | MN and MT south to TX, n. Mexico, and CA; disjunct eastward in MS and AL. |  (c) Martin, Craig - CC0 |
| Lamiaceae | Hedeoma hispida | Rough Pennyroyal, Mock Pennyroyal | Prairies, Disturbed areas, pastures, barrens, granitic flatrocks, especially in exposed, thin soil; apparently adventive eastwards in the eastern portions of our area from farther west, but the native distribution unclear. | BC and NM east to ME, MA, PA, VA, NC, SC, and GA. Irving (1980) shows H. hispida east to e. Panhandle FL, c. AL, nc. TN, and s. OH; some of the scattered records further east are adventive. It may be recently arrived farther east or was previously overlooked. First reported for SC by Hill & Horn (1997). |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Hedeoma pulegioides | American Pennyroyal | Dry soils of woodlands, roadbanks, woods-roads, especially common in shaly parts of the mountains. | NS, s. QC, s. ON, MI, WI, and IA south to c. SC, c. GA, and AR. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Hedeoma reverchonii | Reverchon's Pennyroyal, Rock Hedeoma | Calcareous outcrops. | Sw. AR and s. OK south to se. and c. TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Hedeoma serpyllifolia | Thyme-leaf Pennyroyal, Thyme-leaf Hedeoma | Open, calcareous outcrops. | C. TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Holmskioldia | Chinese Hatplant | |||
| Lamiaceae | Holmskioldia sanguinea | Chinese Hatplant, Cup-and-Saucer, Mandarin's-Hat | Disturbed areas, hammocks. | Native of e. Asia. | |
| Lamiaceae | Hyptis | Cluster Bushmint |  (c) 葉子 - CC0 | ||
| Lamiaceae | Hyptis alata var. alata | Cluster Bushmint | Wet pine savannas, margins of swamp forests, wet powerline rights-of-way, ditches. | E. NC south to s. FL, west to se. TX. |  (c) Flood, Melanie |
| Lamiaceae | Hyptis alata var. stenophylla | Narrow-leaved Cluster Bushmint | Pine rocklands and marl prairies. | C. and s. peninsular FL. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Hyptis brevipes | Musky Mint, Lesser Roundweed | Depressional wetlands. | Native of the Neotropics. |  (c) 葉子 - CC0 |
| Lamiaceae | Hyssopus | Hyssop |  (c) Cahen, Daniel - CC-BY | ||
| Lamiaceae | Hyssopus officinalis | Hyssop | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. Reported for NC (see G, RAB, and S); documentation not known. |  (c) Lattanzi, Vincenzo - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Lamiaceae | Mint Family |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Lamium | Dead-nettle, Henbit, Archangel |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Lamium album ssp. album | White Archangel, White Dead-nettle, Snowflake | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | |
| Lamiaceae | Lamium amplexicaule var. amplexicaule | Henbit, Henbit Dead-nettle | Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas, gardens, pastures. | Native of Eurasia and n. Africa. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Lamium dissectum | Cutleaf Dead-nettle | Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Podschwit, Harry - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Lamium galeobdolon | Yellow Archangel, Golden Dead-nettle | Gravelly roadsides, other disturbed areas. | Native of Europe and e. Asia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Lamium maculatum | Spotted Dead-nettle | Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Lamiaceae | Lamium purpureum | Purple Archangel, Red Dead-nettle, Purple Dead-nettle | Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas, pastures. | Native of Eurasia. Only recently documented in the Coastal Plain of GA and in FL (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009; Wunderlin & Hansen 2008). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Leonotis | Lion's-ears |  (c) Campos, Aidan | ||
| Lamiaceae | Leonotis nepetifolia var. nepetifolia | Lion's-ears, Lightning-rod-plant | Pastures, field edges, roadsides, other disturbed areas. | Native of s. Africa. |  (c) Gibson, Clint - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Leonurus | Motherwort |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Leonurus cardiaca | Motherwort, Lion's-tail | Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas. | Native of c. Asia. Nelson (1993) reports the occurrence of this species in SC. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Leonurus japonicus | Honeyweed, Siberian Motherwort, Pipe-shank | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus | Bugleweed, Water-horehound |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus ×sherardii | Swamps, bogs, roadsides. | Scattered in the eastern US where the ranges of the two parents overlap, apparently resulting in large hybrid swarms in some areas (see Henderson 1962) | ||
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus americanus | American Bugleweed | Marshes, bottomlands. | NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to FL Panhandle and CA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus amplectens | Clasping Water-horehound | Clay-based Carolina bays, other moist habitats. | MA south to ne. FL; disjunct inland around the Great Lakes and (allegedly) in w. NC. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus angustifolius | Narrowleaf Bugleweed, Southern Bog Water-horehound | Bogs, marshes, natural lake shorelines. | Se. VA south to FL, west to e. TX, north in the interior to s. TN and s. MO. |  (c) Jessica - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus cokeri | Coker's Bugleweed, Carolina Bugleweed | Pocosins, boggy streamheads, seepage bogs. | Endemic to the Fall-line Sandhill region of sc. NC and SC |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus europaeus | Gypsywort, European Bugleweed | Tidal marshes and shores, other marshes, ditches. | Native of Europe. In the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River regions, hybrid swarms involving L. americanus and L. europaeus are numerous (Webber & Ball 1980), however, to date there is no evidence that these species have hybridized within the Flora region. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus glandulosus | Seepages, bogs, floodplains, creekbanks, ditches, on floating logs in ponds. | Endemic to the West Gulf Coastal Plain of sw. AR, nw. LA, and ne. TX. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus rubellus | Stalked Bugleweed | Marshes, swamp forests, bottomlands. | ME west to MI, south to FL and TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus uniflorus | Northern Bugleweed | Bogs, seeps, wet forests. | NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to w. NC, AR, and CA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Lycopus virginicus | Virginia Bugleweed | Swamps, bottomlands, tidal marshes, other wet habitats. | MA west to PA, s. IN, MO, and OK, south to n. peninsular FL, Panhandle FL, and e. TX. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Macbridea | Birds-in-a-nest, Macbridea |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Lamiaceae | Macbridea alba | White Birds-in-a-nest, White Macbridea | Wet pine savannas, pitcherplant bogs. | Endemic to Panhandle FL. |  © Scott Ward |
| Lamiaceae | Macbridea caroliniana | Carolina Birds-in-a-nest, Carolina Macbridea | Swamp forests, especially in sphagnous seepage areas away from direct flooding, savanna seepages, pine savannas, sandhill seepages, edges, ditches. | Se. NC to s. GA; reported but undocumented from n. FL, AL, and MS, apparently rare throughout its range. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Marrubium | Horehound |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Marrubium vulgare | White Horehound | Fencerows, disturbed places, formerly widely planted and escaped, now declining in abundance. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Meehania | Meehania |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Meehania cordata | Meehania | Moist, rocky, forested slopes, especially in rich boulderfield forests. | A Central and Southern Appalachian endemic: sw. PA and OH south to sw. VA, nw. NC, and ne. TN. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Melissa | Balm |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Melissa officinalis | Lemon Balm, Common Balm | Disturbed areas. | Native of w. Asia. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha | Mint |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Mentha ×gracilis | Spearmint | Disturbed areas, moist soils. | Native of Europe. | |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha ×piperita var. piperita | Peppermint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Graeff, Alex - CC-BY-NC-ND, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha ×rotundifolia | Apple Mint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. | |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha ×verticillata | Moist soils. | Native of Europe. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Mentha ×villosa | Woolly Mint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. Introduced south to PA and KY. | |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha aquatica var. aquatica | Water Mint, Lemon Mint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Frumkin, Ron - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha aquatica var. citrata | Lemon Mint, Orange Mint, Bergamot Mint, Eau-de-Cologne Mint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. | |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha arvensis ssp. arvensis | Field Mint | Marshes, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Wrens, Sequoia Janirella - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha canadensis | Canada Mint | Moist soils. | Widespread in North America, south to NC, GA, TN, AR, and OK; Mexico. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia | Horse Mint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) susana_albir - CC-BY-NC |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha pulegium var. pulegium | European Pennyroyal | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Introduced in MD, PA, and NJ (Kartesz 1999) |  (c) Reala, Matt - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha spicata var. spicata | Spearmint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha suaveolens ssp. suaveolens | Apple Mint, Pineapple Mint, Round-leaved Mint | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Stephens, William - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Mesosphaerum |  (c) Faccenda, Kevin - CC-BY | |||
| Lamiaceae | Mesosphaerum pectinatum | Comb Bushmint | Roadsides, other disturbed areas. | Native of tropical America. | (c) Faccenda, Kevin - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Moluccella |  (c) Hardin, J.W. | |||
| Lamiaceae | Moluccella laevis | Bells-of-Ireland, Seashells, Shellflower | Disturbed areas, rarely escaped from horticultural use. | Native of w. Asia (Turkey, Syria, the Caucasus). |  (c) Frumkin, Ron - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda | Bergamot, Beebalm |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Monarda austroappalachiana | Ocoee Beebalm | Talus and ledges. | Low elevations in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, of se. TN and n. GA (attribution to extreme sw. NC is uncertain). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda bradburiana | Bradbury Beebalm | Mesic and dry woodlands and forests. | IN west to e. KS, south through KY, TN, and MO to AL, AR, and OK. |  (c) Corder, Brandon |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda brevis | Smoke Hole Bergamot, Cedar Glade Bergamot | Limestone outcrops, cliffs, barrens, and glades, and on limestone talus. | Apparently endemic to w. VA (Giles County) and e. WV. |  (c) Thiel, Clara R. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda citriodora var. citriodora | Lemon Bergamot | Prairies, oak savannas, roadsides, other disturbed places. | IL, MO, KS south to AL, MS, LA, TX, NM, and Mexico; also naturalized outside that range (the native distribution unclear). |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda citriodora var. parva | South Texas Lemon Bergamot | Heavy clay soils. | S. TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda clinopodia | Basil Bergamot, Basil Beebalm | Mesic, forested slopes. | NJ, w. NY, and IL, south to n. GA and c. AL (some of the range perhaps accountable to cultivation) | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda clinopodioides | Basil Beebalm | Sandy prairies and other open areas. | Sc. KS south to c. LA, sc. TX, and wc. TX. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda didyma | Scarlet Beebalm, Oswego Tea | Seepage slopes, periglacial boulderfields with abundant seepage, streambanks, boggy places, usually in strong to moderately filtered sunlight. | ME west to MI, south to PA and OH, and in the Appalachians south to sw. NC, se. TN, and ne. GA (part of the northern range is likely only by introduction). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa | Appalachian Bergamot | Moist wooded slopes, roadsides, woodland edges, old fields. | CT south to sw. NC, nearly or entirely limited to the Appalachians. |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda fistulosa var. mollis | Eastern Bergamot, Pale Wild Bergamot | Moist wooded slopes, edges of calcareous prairies. | ME west to MN, south to GA, AL, MS, and se. TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda fistulosa var. rubra | Purple Bergamot | Moist slope forests. | ME to NJ, and from nw. NC to n. GA, in the Appalachians. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda fruticulosa | Dwarf-shrubby Beebalm, Horsemint | Deep sands, dunes, oak and pine-oak woodlands, prairies, mesquital. | S. TX Plains. |  © Adam Black |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda lindheimeri | Lindheimer's Beebalm | Woodlands on sandy or gravelly limestone soil. | Sw. AR and ne. TX south to sw. LA and e. TX. |  (c) Smith, Jacob M. |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda luteola | Yellow Beebalm | Weches Geologic Formation of northeast Texas and adjacent Miller County, Arkansas; also rocky, fire-maintained oak-pine savannas in the Arkansas Valley (Fort Chaffee). | Endemic to ne. TX and w. AR. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda maritima | Seaside Beebalm | Deep sands of dunes. | Se. and s. TX. |  © Adam Black |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda media | Purple Beebalm | Northern hardwoods forests, spruce-fir forest openings, other moist slopes, mostly at high elevations. | VT west to IN, south to w. MD; disjunct in w. NC, e. KY, and e. TN, part of the range perhaps the result of cultivation. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda pectinata | Plains Beebalm | Upland prairies, in sandy or gravelly soil. | SD and se. WY south to ec. TX, NM, AZ, s. CA, and Mexico. | |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda punctata var. correllii | Tamaulipan Horsemint | |||
| Lamiaceae | Monarda punctata var. intermedia | East Texas Horsemint | E. and c. TX. |  (c) Semmling, Bonnie - CC-BY | |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda punctata var. lasiodonta | Plumetooth Beebalm | Ne. TX and OK south to s. TX and Mexico (TAM). | ||
| Lamiaceae | Monarda punctata var. punctata | Eastern Horsemint | Maritime forests, dunes, roadsides, rocky or sandy woodlands. | NJ to s. FL, west to TX, mainly on the Coastal Plain, but extending inland. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda russeliana | White Beebalm | Open areas and woodlands. | AR and OK south to ne. TX; disjunct east of the Mississippi River in AL and KY. |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda species 1 | Shale Bergamot |  (c) Filicky, Kyle | ||
| Lamiaceae | Monarda species 2 [=arkansana] | Arkansas Horse-mint | Dryish woodlands over calcareous or mafic rocks. | C. and s. AR south nw. LA and ne. TX; disjunct eastwards in n. GA and sw. NC. McClintock & Epling (1942) map and discuss this taxon as endemic to AR and immediately adjacent TX, but mention that "a specimen collected near Columbus, Polk County, North Carolina (Townsend, 1897) is scarcely different from subsp. arkansana". Scora (1967) treats var. arkansana as similarly endemic, though he cites (but does not map) a specimen from Cherokee County, GA and annotated (following the publication of his paper) a later collection from Polk County, NC as var. arkansana. The Polk County, NC material is manifestly var. arkansana and might be considered merely aberrant or a chance introduction, were it not for its repeated collection and the phytogeographic interest of the Blue Ridge Escarpment of Polk County, which harbors several Ozarkian and other Midwestern disjuncts, such as Melanthium woodii. |  (c) Cumberland, Ruth |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda species 3 [=occidentalis] | Western Horse-mint | Sandy areas. | KS south to MO, ec. TX, and NM; scattered eastwards in MO and s. IL as a likely introduction. |  (c) calinsdad - CC0 |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda species 4 [=villicaulis] | Hairy-stem Horsemint | Sandy fields, dunes, prairies, and woodlands. | NY west to MN, south to TN, AR, and OK. | |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda species 5 | Longleaf pine sandhills, dry pine flatwoods, dunes. | Ne. SC (Horry County) south to nc. peninsular FL (Hernando and Citrus counties). | ||
| Lamiaceae | Monarda stanfieldii | Stanfield's Horsemint, San Marcos Horsemint | Sand or sandy loam (derived from granite) of woodlands, roadsides, and fields. | C. TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda stipitatoglandulosa | Ouachita Beebalm | Rocky woodlands and outcrops, over limestone, chert, sandstone, and shale. | AR and e. OK, in the Ouachita Mountains and outlying areas. |  (c) Ogle, Jennifer - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Monarda viridissima | Green Beebalm | Sandy oak woodlands and sandy roadsides. | Endemic to ec. Texas |  (c) Smith, Jacob M. |
| Lamiaceae | Mosla | Mosla |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Mosla dianthera | Mosla, Mini-shiso | Disturbed areas. | Native of e. Asia. This species is becoming a noxious weed in KY, TN, and w. NC; it should be expected to become more widespread in our area. |  (c) Diamond, Alvin - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Mosla scabra | Mosla, Mini-shiso | Disturbed areas, pastures. | Native of e. Asia. This species is becoming a noxious weed in KY, TN, and w. NC; it should be expected to become more widespread in our area. Reported for s. MO (Aaron 2024). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Nepeta | Catnip, Catmint |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Nepeta cataria | Catnip, Catmint | Fencerows, barnyards, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Ocimum | Basil |  (c) Wolkenberg, Sandy - CC-BY | ||
| Lamiaceae | Ocimum basilicum | Mediterranean Basil | Commonly cultivated in gardens, rarely persistent for short times around gardens or as a waif on trash-heaps, probably not persistent in most of our area. | Native of tropical Asia and tropical Africa. |  (c) Lalime, Erin - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Ocimum campechianum | Wild Sweet Basil, Mosquito Plant | Rockland hammocks, pine rocklands. | S. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and South America. |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Lamiaceae | Origanum | Oregano, Marjoram |  (c) Danielson, Erik | ||
| Lamiaceae | Origanum majorana | Sweet Marjoram | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe (Cyprus and s. Turkey). |  (c) AndreaC - CC-BY-ND |
| Lamiaceae | Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare | Wild Marjoram | Commonly cultivated in gardens, persistent or weakly spreading around gardens or as a waif. | Native of Eurasia. Reported for Madison County, AL (Barger et al. 2023). |  (c) Santoro, Francesco - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Perilla | Perilla, Beefsteak-plant, Shiso |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Lamiaceae | Perilla frutescens | Perilla, Beefsteak-plant, Shiso | Moist disturbed areas. | Native of India. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Petitia | Petitia | |||
| Lamiaceae | Petitia domingensis | Bastard Stopper | Disturbed pine rocklands. | Native of West Indies. | |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia | Obedient-plant |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia angustifolia | Narrowleaf Dragonhead, Narrowleaf Obedient-plant | Calcareous openings, glades, prairies, bottomlands. | Sw. GA and AL west to KS and TX. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia correllii | Streambanks, ditches. | E. LA west to TX. |  (c) Semmling, Bonnie - CC-BY | |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia digitalis | Foxglove Dragonhead, Foxglove Obedient-plant | Pinelands and prairies. | W. LA and e. TX; disjunct in AL Coastal Plain (Choctaw County). |  (c) Diamond, Alvin - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia godfreyi | Apalachicola Dragonhead | Wet pine savannas and pine flatwoods, seepage slopes, adjacent ditches. | Endemic to Panhandle FL. | |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia intermedia | Slender Dragonhead, Slender Obedient-plant | Swamps, moist forests, ditches. | IL, KY, AR, and LA west to OK and TX. Also mapped as widespread in Coastal Plain of GA (Jones & Coile 1988); presumably an error. | |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia leptophylla | Tidal Marsh Obedient-plant, Swamp Obedient-plant | Bottomland hardwood forests, swamps, tidal freshwater or slightly brackish (oligohaline) marshes, rarely wet savannas (GA). | Se. VA south to sc. peninsular FL, west to sw. GA., s. AL, and Panhandle FL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia longisepala | Longsepal Dragonhead | Wet pinelands, coastal prairies. | Sw. LA and se. TX. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia pulchella | Beautiful Obedient-plant | In bottomlands along streams. | Endemic to ne., e., and se. TX. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia purpurea | Savanna Obedient-plant | Wet savannas, savanna-swamp ecotones, ditches adjacent to former pinelands. | Ec. NC south to s. FL, west to sw. GA and Panhandle FL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia virginiana ssp. praemorsa | Southern Obedient-plant | Woodlands, glades, seepages, especially over calcareous or mafic rock. | OH west to n. IL, south to c. NC, n. FL, TX, NM, and Mexico. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Physostegia virginiana ssp. virginiana | Northern Obedient-plant | Streambanks, seepages, marshes, grassy balds (native occurrences usually over mafic or calcareous rocks), other open or semi-open moist to wet habitats, disturbed areas, ditches. | Native from QC west to MB, south to e. VA, nc. TN, nw. GA, s. MO, and ne. KS; escaped elsewhere (as in most of our area). |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Lamiaceae | Piloblephis | Florida Pennyroyal |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Piloblephis rigida | Florida Pennyroyal | Scrubby pine flatwoods, longleaf pine sandhills, xeric oak scrub, often with Quercus myrtifolia, pine rocklands. | S. GA south to s. peninsular FL; n. Bahamas. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Plectranthus | Spurflower, Coleus | |||
| Lamiaceae | Plectranthus parviflorus | Little Spurflower | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia and Australia. | |
| Lamiaceae | Plectranthus scutellarioides | Common Coleus, Dwarf Coleus | Disturbed areas, a waif from horticultural use. | Native of tropical Asia. | |
| Lamiaceae | Premna | Premna |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Lamiaceae | Premna odorata | Fragrant Premna, Alagau | Disturbed hammocks. | Native of Asia and Australia. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Prunella | Self-heal, Heal-all |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Lamiaceae | Prunella laciniata | Cutleaf Self-heal | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Шумских, Максим - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata | American Self-heal | Disturbed areas, pastures, roadsides, bottomland forests; other forests and woodlands. | NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to NC, SC?, TN, MO, KS, NM, AZ, and CA. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris | Eurasian Self-heal | Disturbed areas, pastures, roadsides, bottomland forests; other forests and woodlands. | Native of Eurasia. Additional herbarium work is needed to clearly determine the relative ranges, distributions, habitats, and abundances of the two varieties, var. vulgaris and var. lanceolata. |  (c) Sorrells, Ryan - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum | Mountain-mint, Wild-basil |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum albescens | White Mountain-mint, White-leaved Mountain-mint | Bluff forests, hammocks, other open, mesic forests. | S. IL, MO, and se. KS south to GA, AL, MS, LA, and TX. Reported for NC by Small (as Koellia albescens), the basis of the report unknown to me. It is known from nc. GA (Jones & Coile 1988). |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum beadlei | Beadle's Mountain-mint | Forests, woodland borders. | A Southern and Central Appalachian endemic: WV, sw. VA and ne. TN south to sw. NC, nw. SC, and n. GA. |  © Ryan Schiller |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum clinopodioides | Forests, woodlands, woodland borders. | MA south to NC, SC, and TN, mostly on the Coastal Plain. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum curvipes | Tennessee Mountain-mint, Stone Mountain Mountain-mint | Dry rocky woodlands and rock outcrops (granite or mafic). | Sw. NC and se. TN south to nc. GA and n. AL; disjunct in nc. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) and wc. KY (where found in 2022 in Muhlenberg and Butler counties, KY by Vanessa Voelker). |  (c) Vanbergen, Philip - CC0 |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum flexuosum | Savanna Mint, Savanna Mountain-mint | Moist to wet pine savannas, pine flatwoods, pocosin margins, mountain bogs, seepage areas on low elevation granite domes. | Se. VA south to ne. FL, west to Panhandle FL and s. MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008) on the Coastal Plain; disjunct inland in bogs and rock outcrops of sw. NC with Coastal Plain affinities, and in sc. TN. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum floridanum | Florida Mountain-mint | Longleaf pine sandhills. | Se. GA south to n. peninsular FL and e. Panhandle FL. |  (c) Arendell, Adam |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum incanum var. incanum | Forests and woodland borders. | VT west to s. OH and s. IL, south to nc. NC, w. NC, and nc. TN. |  (c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum incanum var. puberulum | Forests and woodland borders. | WV and NC south to FL and AL. |  (c) Appalachia, Southern - CC0 | |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum loomisii | Loomis's Mountain-mint | Forests and woodland borders. | VA west to IL, south to n. FL. |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum monotrichum | Sandy woodlands. | Allegedly endemic to se. VA. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum montanum | Appalachian Mountain-mint | Balds, soil islands on granitic domes, calcareous woodlands, woodlands, forests, and forest edges. | W. NC and e. TN to nw. SC and n. GA, a Southern Appalachian endemic. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum muticum var. 1 | Bogs, wet meadows, moist to wet forests. | NH and MA south to NC and SC. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum muticum var. muticum | Bogs, wet meadows, moist to wet forests. | NJ and MO south to FL and LA. |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum nudum | Smooth Mountain-mint | Wet pine flatwoods. | Se. SC south to n. peninsular FL, Panhandle FL, and se. AL. Small (1933) attributes this species to NC; the documentation is unknown (and doubtful). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum pilosum | Hairy Mountain-mint | Upland woodlands. | S. ON west to MI and IA, south to TN, AR, and OK. In c. TN, and reported from a single county in e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), in se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), and WV (Kartesz 1999). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides var. pycnanthemoides | Forests and woodland borders. | VA and IL south to w. SC and n. GA |  (c) Ungberg, Eric - C, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides var. viridifolium | Forests and woodland borders. | VA and WV south to ec. GA, AL, and Panhandle FL. |  (c) Ungberg, Eric - C, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum setosum | Awned Mountain-mint | Loamy pine savannas, other dry to moist pinelands, hammocks, river bars, tidal swamps. | NJ south to ne. FL and Panhandle FL, on the Coastal Plain; not known from MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum tenuifolium | Slender Mountain-mint | Bogs, wet meadows, moist to wet forests. | ME west to MN, KS, and OK, south to FL and TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum torreyi | Torrey's Mountain-mint | Dry rocky woodlands, over mafic, ultramafic, or calcareous rocks, dry powerline rights-of-way. | NH west to IL, south to NC and SC. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum verticillatum | Whorled Mountain-mint | Upland rocky woodlands. | VT west to MI, south to NC and KY. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Pycnanthemum virginianum | Virginia Mountain-mint | Wet meadows, marshes, prairie sloughs, over calcareous or mafic rocks or sediments. | ME west to ND, south to NC, nw. GA, n. AL, and OK. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Rhododon | Sandmint |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | ||
| Lamiaceae | Rhododon angulatus | Aransas Sandmint | Sand dunes and live oak mottes. | Endemic to Aransas and Refugio counties, se. TX outer Coastal Plain. |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Rhododon ciliatus | Carrizo Sandmint | Dry, sandy woodlands. | Endemic to the dry sands, primarily of the Carrizo formation in e. TX. |  (c) Smith, Jake |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia | Sage, Clary |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Lamiaceae | Salvia azurea var. azurea | Azure Sage | Longleaf pine sandhills, especially in loamy swales and flats, pine flatwoods, hammocks, other sandy or rocky woodlands. | S. NC south to Panhandle FL, west to TX. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia azurea var. grandiflora | Blue Sage, Prairie Azure Sage | Prairies, woodlands over calcareous or mafic rocks. | IL, IA, NE, and e. CO south to nw. GA, n. AL, ne. MS, LA, se. TX, and c. TX. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia ballotiflora | Shrubby Blue Sage, Crespa, Mejorana | Rocky, sandy or gravelly soils of chaparral and thickets. | Sc. TX south through s. TX to c. Mexico. | |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia chapmanii | Chapman’s Sage | Calcareous glades, calcareous woodlands. | N. FL, sw. GA, s. AL, and ec. MS. |  (c) Griffith, Floyd A. |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia coccinea | Scarlet Sage, Blood Sage, Country Belle, Banderilla Colorado, Mirto | Hammocks, longleaf pine sandhills, disturbed areas. | The species is certainly only an introduction in the more northern parts of its distribution in our region. Whether it is native in the more southeastern parts of the region is uncertain and disputed. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia engelmannii | Engelmann's Sage | Limestone prairies. | Nc. TX south to sc. TX. |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia farinacea | Mealy-cup Sage | Limestone prairies and rock outcrops, eastwards in disturbed areas. | N. LA, OK, and NM south to s. TX and ne. Mexico (COA, NLE); eastwards adventive in Alachua and Marion counties, FL. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia greggii | Gregg's Sage | Rocky limestone areas. | Ec., c. and w. TX, south to c. Mexico. |  (c) Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Rodolfo Maximiliano - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia hispanica | Spanish Sage, Chia | Disturbed areas. | Native of tropical America. Introduced in Alachua County, FL. |  (c) Ogle, Jennifer - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia lyrata | Lyreleaf Sage, Cancer-weed | Hammocks, lawns, roadsides, dry to mesic woodlands and forests, floodplains, calcareous barrens. | CT west to MO, south to FL and TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia micrantha | Blodgett’s Sage | Pine rocklands, rockland hammocks, shell mounds, disturbed uplands. | S. FL; West Indies; Mexico and Central America. |  © RAS-POM Herbarium staff |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia misella | Tropical Sage, River Sage | Hammocks. | Peninsular FL (Alachua County south to s. FL); West Indies; Mexico; South America. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia nemorosa | Balkan Clary | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. | |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia occidentalis | West Indian Sage | Dry disturbed areas. | C. and s. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and South America. |  (c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia officinalis | Garden Sage | Cultivated as a garden herb, rarely persistent. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Matt - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia pallida | Pale Sage | Disturbed areas. | Native of Argentina. Reported for Camden County, NJ (Kartesz 2010) | |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia pentstemonoides | Big Red Sage | Streambanks and seepage over ledges of limestone, mainly Edwards Plateau. | Sc. TX. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia pratensis | Meadow Sage, Meadow Clary | Fields and disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Christine - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia reflexa | Lanceleaf Sage, Mintweed, Rocky Mountain Sage | Marshes, prairies, disturbed areas. | ON and BC south to n. AR, c. TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico. The apparent ascription by Cronquist (1991) of S. reflexa Hornemann to ‘N.C.’ is a typographic error for ‘N.D.’ This species is, however, sometimes adventive as far east as WV. In c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). Reported for AL (Limestone County) by Keener et al. (2024). |  (c) Yards, Healthy - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia roemeriana | Cedar Sage | Cedar brakes and limestone outcrops. | Mainly Edwards Plateau west to trans-Pecos TX and n. Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, TAM). | |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia rosmarinus | Rosemary | Gardens, commonly cultivated, rarely persistent or established. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia sclarea | Clary | Cultivated as a garden herb, rarely persistent or escaping. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Faulks, Nicola - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia serotina | Little Woman, Small White Sage | Mesic hammocks, coastal strands, disturbed areas. | Peninsular FL; West Indies. |  (c) Cortés, Juan Cruzado - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia splendens | Scarlet Sage | |||
| Lamiaceae | Salvia texana | Texas Sage | Prairies and woodlands over limestone. | Nc. TX and se. NM south through c. and s. TX to n. Mexico (COA, NLE, SLP, TAM, VER). | |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia urticifolia | Nettle-leaf Sage | Woodlands and glades, usually over mafic or calcareous rocks. | N. VA (and allegedly MD and s. PA) west to w. KY (and allegedly a single county in IN), south to SC, c. GA, c. AL, and nw. MS. Records from further south (sw. GA, Panhandle FL, s. AL, and ec. MS) represent S. chapmanii. |  (c) Stuart, Will |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia verbenaca | Wild Clary | Fields and disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Davesne, Donald - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia verticillata | Whorled Clary | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Introduced as far south as scattered locations in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), MD, and WV (Kartesz 1999, 2020). |  (c) bogsuckers - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Satureja | Savory |  (c) Kosterin, Oleg - CC-BY | ||
| Lamiaceae | Satureja hortensis | Summer Savory | Waif from horticultural use. | Native of Mediterranean Europe and sw. Asia. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria | Skullcap |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria alabamensis | Alabama Skullcap | Dry woodlands. | Endemic to c. and n. AL. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria altamaha | Altamaha Skullcap | Sandy or rocky, dry forests. | Nc. SC to ec. GA and se. GA. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria arenicola | Sandhill Skullcap | Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub. | S. GA and ne. FL south to s. FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria australis | Southern Skullcap | Bottomland forests, rocky woodlands, glades, barrens, prairies. | NC, s. WV, KY, IN, IL, MO, and KS, south to Panhandle FL, LA, and e. TX. |  (c) Keesling, Jim - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria bushii | Bush's Skullcap | Rocky limestone woodlands, barrens, and glades. | S. MO and nc. AR. |  (c) Langellier, Robert - CC-BY-NC |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria cardiophylla | Gulf Skullcap | Sandy woodlands, ravines, seepages. | C. AR and se. OK south to w. LA and e. and c. TX. |  © Adam Black |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria drummondii var. drummondii | Drummond's Skullcap | Blackland prairies, dry disturbed areas. | GA west to LA and TX, south into Mexico. First reported for GA by Lee Echols in 2005 (pers. comm.). | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria drummondii var. edwardsiana | Edwards Plateau Skullcap | On limestone. | Nc. OK south to sc. TX, w. TX, and se. NM. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria drummondii var. runyonii | Runyon's Skullcap | Low woodlands and slopes. | S. TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria elliptica var. elliptica | Hairy Skullcap | Mesic to dry forests. | NY, KY, and IN, south to s. GA, ne. and Panhandle FL, MS, LA, and e. TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria elliptica var. glandulosa | Ozark Skullcap | Dry to moist, rocky forests. | E. and c. MO and e. KS south to sc. AR and se. OK. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria elliptica var. hirsuta | Kentucky Skullcap | Mesic to dry forests. | PA and MI south to w. VA, w. NC, nw. GA, s. AL, and e. TX. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria floridana | Florida Skullcap | Pine flatwoods. | Endemic to FL Panhandle (Bay, Franklin, Gulf, and Liberty counties). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria galericulata | Hooded Skullcap | Spring-fed seepage, fens, bogs, swamps, freshwater tidal marshes. | Circumboreal, south in North America to DE, MD, VA, ne. WV, w. NC, IN, MO, n. TX, and CA. The NC occurrence is based on old collections from 1937 and before. Reported recently from MD (Steury, Tyndall, & Cooley 1996). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria glabriuscula | Georgia Skullcap, Gulf Skullcap | Longleaf pine sandhills. | Sw. GA and w. FL Panhandle west through s. AL to s. MS, an East Gulf Coastal Plain endemic. |  (c) Diamond, Alvin - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria havanensis | Havana Skullcap | Pine rocklands. | S. FL; West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria incana var. australis | Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry sandy open woods or woodland margins. | Gulf Coastal Plain of sw. GA, nw. FL, s. AL, and c. MS; disjunct to e. SC and Brunswick County, NC. |  (c) Griffith, Floyd A. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria incana var. incana | Dry to mesic forests and woodlands. | NY, OH, IN, IL, and s. MI, south to e. VA, c. NC, KY, w. TN, MS, AR, se. KS, and e. OK. |  (c) McFarland, Will - CC-BY | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria incana var. punctata | Hoary Skullcap | Dry to mesic forests and woodlands. | A broad southern Appalachian endemic: sw. VA and WV south through w. NC, nw. SC, e. TN to n. GA and ne. AL. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria integrifolia | Narrowleaf Skullcap | Wet pine savannas, pine flatwoods, seeps in forests, bottomlands, other moist sites, ditches. | MA south to c. peninsular FL, west to e. TX, northward in the interior to OH, KY, and TN. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria lateriflora | Mad-dog Skullcap, Tall Blue Skullcap | Alluvial forests, bogs, seeps, marshes, shores. | NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to GA, Panhandle FL, and CA. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria leonardii | Shale-barren Skullcap, Glade Skullcap | Limestone glades, diabase barrens, shale barrens and woodlands, dry sandy soils. | MA west to MI and ND, south to se. VA, nc. NC, AR, and OK. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria mellichampii | Mellichamp's Skullcap | Sandy deciduous forests on river bluffs, maritime hammocks. | C. and e. SC south to e. GA; disjunct in c. and ne. AL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria montana | Large-flowered Skullcap | Mesic hardwood (or hardwood-shortleaf pine) forests. | Se. TN south to nw. GA. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria multiglandulosa | Small's Skullcap | Longleaf pine sandhills, dry sandy bluff forests. | SC (Abbeville and Anderson counties) to e. GA, south to e. Panhandle FL and c. peninsular FL. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria muriculata | Rio Grande Skullcap | Sandy areas. | S. TX (and ne. Mexico?). | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria nervosa | Bottomland Skullcap, Veined Skullcap | Alluvial forests, mesic to dry woodlands (especially over mafic or calcareous rocks). | S. NY, s. MI, and e. IA, south to c. GA, n. AL, and (allegedly) LA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria ocmulgee | Ocmulgee Skullcap | Bluff forests and other mesic hardwood forests with calcareous soils. | Endemic to sc. SC and ec. GA. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria ovata var. bracteata | Dry forests and woodlands, hammocks. | MO south through AR and OK to c. TX and Mexico; disjunct eastward in s. MS, c. and n. AL, w. Panhandle FL, nw. GA, and NC and SC. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria ovata var. ovata | Heartleaf Skullcap | Mesic to submesic forests and woodlands. | VA, OH, s. MI, s. WI, and se. MN south to FL Panhandle, and e. TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria ovata var. rugosa | Shale barrens, other dry woodlands. | Appalachians from MD to w. NC; Interior Highlands from sw. IL through s. MO to nc. AR. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria parvula | Dwarf Skullcap | Upland prairies and rock outcrops. | ME west to MN, south to GA and TX. In c. TN and scattered locations in e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). Map is speculative because of past confusion of records. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria pseudoserrata | Rich, rocky forests. | Also in e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), nc. and c. GA (Jones & Coile 1988). Cultivated in Highlands, Macon Co., NC. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria racemosa | South American Skullcap | Landscaped areas, disturbed areas. | Native of South America. Reported from FL, AL, GA, and SC by Kral (1981). Krings & Neal (2001a, 2001b) report it for Chatham Co., NC and discuss its occurrence in se. United States. Also in Moore County, NC (B. Sorrie, pers.comm. 2016). |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria resinosa | Resinous Skullcap | Prairies, slopes, rocky areas. | KS south to sc. TX. | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria saxatilis | Rock Skullcap | Rocky forests. | DE to OH and IN, south to SC and TN. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria serrata | Showy Skullcap, Serrate Skullcap | Rich forests. | S. NY, s. OH, and KY south to GA and AL. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria thieretii | Thieret's Skullcap | Shell middens and cheniers. | Sw. LA coastal areas apparently to se. TX (Nueces County, fide Kartesz 2021). | |
| Lamiaceae | Scutellaria wrightii | Wright's Skullcap | Prairies and bluffs over limestone. | OK south to sc. TX. |  © Bruce Sorrie |
| Lamiaceae | Sideritis |  (c) Bas, Yves - CC-BY | |||
| Lamiaceae | Sideritis montana | Ironwort | Cultivated fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. | |
| Lamiaceae | Sideritis romana | Ironwort | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. Introduced and naturalized as far south as PA (Rhoads & Klein 1991, Cronquist 1991) and WV (Cronquist 1991). | |
| Lamiaceae | Stachydeoma |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | |||
| Lamiaceae | Stachydeoma graveolens | Longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, upper margins of natural ponds. | Endemic to Panhandle FL. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Stachys | Hedge-nettle |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Lamiaceae | Stachys alabamica | Alabama Hedge-nettle | Creek-floodplain transitions along Cheaha Creek (Clay County, AL). | Clay County, AL. Apparently only known from along the Cheaha Creek in the Talladega Mountains. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Lamiaceae | Stachys annua | Annual Woundwort, Annual Hedge-nettle | Disturbed areas, probably only a waif (Virginia Botanical Associates 2019). | Native of Europe. |