| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rubiaceae | Borreria |  (c) Horn, Jay | |||
| Rubiaceae | Borreria dasycephala | Carretilla | Disturbed areas. | Native of Brazil. |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Borreria densiflora | Bouquet Buttonweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of the Neotropics. |  (c) Coles, Patricio Cowper - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Borreria latifolia | Winged Buttonweed | Disturbed pine flatwoods, pastures. | Native of the Neotropics. |  (c) Frumkin, Ron - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Borreria tenella | Reported for Pensacola, Escambia County, FL by Small (1933); presumably merely a ballast waif. |  (c) Moreira-Corral, Ignacio - CC-BY-SA | ||
| Rubiaceae | Borreria terminalis | Everglades Buttonweed | Pine rocklands. | Endemic to s. FL peninsula (Miami-Dade and Monroe counties). | (c) Horn, Jay |
| Rubiaceae | Borreria verticillata | Shrubby Buttonweed, Bóton Blanco, Yerba de Garro | Disturbed areas. | Native of Neotropics. The native distribution of this widespread and weedy neotropical species is difficult to determine. |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Rubiaceae | Casasia | Seven-Year-Apple |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Casasia clusiifolia | Seven-year-apple | Coastal hammocks. | S. FL; West Indies. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Catesbya |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |||
| Rubiaceae | Catesbya parviflora | Small-flowered Lilythorn | Pinelands, pine rocklands, coastal berms, hammocks in the Monroe County (FL) keys. | S. FL (Monroe County keys); West Indies. |  © Scott Ward |
| Rubiaceae | Cephalanthus | Buttonbush |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Rubiaceae | Cephalanthus occidentalis | Buttonbush, Honeyballs, Globe-flowers | Streambanks, riverbanks, depressional wetlands, lakes, marshes, often in standing water. | NL, ME, ON, MI, WI, MN, NE, NM, AZ, and CA south through Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras; Cuba (where uncertainly native). |  (c) Keim, Mary - CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Cephalanthus salicifolius | Mexican Buttonbush | Wet areas. | S. TX south to sc. Mexico. | |
| Rubiaceae | Chiococca | Snowberry, Milkberry |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Chiococca alba | Snowberry, Milkberry, Pissabed, Perlilla, Canica | Coastal hammocks, shell middens, hammock edges and adjacent habitats. | N. FL (St. Johns and Dixie counties) south to s. FL; West Indies (including Bahamas and Bermuda); s. TX south through Mexico to Central America. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Chiococca parvifolia | Pineland Snowberry | Coastal berms and grasslands, rockland hammocks, pine rocklands, shell middens. | S. FL; West Indies. |  © Scott Ward |
| Rubiaceae | Chiococca pinetorum | Rockland Snowberry | Pine rocklands. | S. FL and nw. Bahamas. |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Rubiaceae | Coccocypselum |  (c) Shebs, Stan - CC-BY-SA | |||
| Rubiaceae | Coccocypselum hirsutum | Yerba de Guava | Disturbed mesic pine flatwoods. | Native of West Indies, Mexico, and Central America. | (c) Shebs, Stan - CC-BY-SA |
| Rubiaceae | Dentella |  (c) chiuluan - CC-BY | |||
| Rubiaceae | Dentella repens | Lickstoop | Waif on ore piles. | (c) chiuluan - CC-BY | |
| Rubiaceae | Diodia |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |||
| Rubiaceae | Diodia harperi | Harper's Buttonweed | Pondshores, other moist sites. | E. NC south to s. peninsular FL, west to e. TX and AR. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Diodia virginiana | Large Buttonweed | Ditches, wet fields, wet swales along highways, other moist to wet habitats. | CT, PA, IL, and KS south to FL and TX; West Indies; Mexico (YUC) and Central America. | (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Edrastima | Oldenlandia |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Rubiaceae | Edrastima uniflora | Oldenlandia | Pondshores, muddy drawdown shores, moist to wet ecotones of Coastal Plain streamheads, other moist to wet places. | Mostly a species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain: NY (Long Island) south to s. FL and west to TX, north in the interior to MO. Alleged by some to be non-native, and of African origin (Ward 2012a). Discovered in PA Coastal Plain in 2009 (S. Grund, pers.comm., 2019). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Erithalis |  (c) Weakley, Alan | |||
| Rubiaceae | Erithalis fruticosa | Blacktorch | Coastal hammocks and dunes. | S. FL; West Indies; s. Mexico (CAM, ROO, VER, YUC), Central America and n. South America. |  (c) Doby, Joshua - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Ernodea | Beach-creeper, Golden Creeper, Coughbush |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Ernodea cokeri | Coker's Creeper, Coker's Ernodea | Pine rocklands. | S. FL; n. Bahamas. |  (c) Martineau, Nate - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Ernodea littoralis | Beach-creeper, Coughbush, Golden Creeper | Beach dunes, coastal grasslands, coastal strands, disturbed uplands, pine rocklands. | S. FL; Bahamas; West Indies; Mexico (CAM, ROO, VER, YUC), Central America, and n. South America (Colombia). | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Exostema | Persoon) Bonpland |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Exostema caribaeum | Caribbean Princewood | Rockland hammocks. | S. FL; West Indies; Mexico and Central America. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Galium | Bedstraw, Cleavers, Woodruff |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Rubiaceae | Galium album | Moist roadsides, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Reported from ne. United States, and very possibly in our area, but hidden under a broad interpretation of G. mollugo. |  (c) Heuchert, Juvia - CC-BY | |
| Rubiaceae | Galium anglicum | Pastures, disturbed areas. | Native of w. Europe. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |
| Rubiaceae | Galium aparine | Cleavers, Sticky-willy | Meadows, thickets, disturbed areas, forests. | Nearly cosmopolitan, from n. North America south through Central and South America. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium arkansanum var. arkansanum | Hairy-flower Arkansas Bedstraw | {habitats} | Endemic to the Interior Highlands of s. MO, AR, and e. OK. |  (c) Aaron, Nathan |
| Rubiaceae | Galium arkansanum var. pubiflorum | Hairy-flower Arkansas Bedstraw | Novaculite woodlands in the Ozarks; also potentially along adjacent glades and ridges. | Endemic to the Ouachita Mountains of AR. | |
| Rubiaceae | Galium arvense | Blue Woodruff, Field Madder | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. South to WV, MD, DE (USDA NRCS 2007), and se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993). |  (c) Orgad, Yael - CC-BY-NC |
| Rubiaceae | Galium asprellum | Rough Bedstraw | Fens, bogs, streambanks, wet meadows, usually in at least somewhat base-rich soils. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to n. VA, w. NC, ne. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), and MO (Yatskievych 2013). The report for sc. TN is an error (D. Estes, pers. comm., 2005). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium bermudense | Coastal Bedstraw | Maritime forests, longleaf pine sandhills, dry sandy forests. | S. NJ south to FL, west to LA, primarily on the Coastal Plain; Bahamas; Bermuda. |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Rubiaceae | Galium boreale | Northern Bedstraw | Limestone and dolostone bluffs, outcrops, and rocky woodlands, calcareous or ultramafic (serpentine) barrens. | Circumboreal, south in North America to n. DE, w. MD, sw. VA, sc. MO, NM, AZ, and CA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium circaezans | Forest Bedstraw, Licorice Bedstraw | Mesic to dry forests. | QC west to MN and NE, south to FL and TX. |  (c) Gwaltney, John |
| Rubiaceae | Galium concinnum | Shining Bedstraw | Mesic to dry forests. | NJ west to MN and NE, south to sw. VA, e. TN, nc. TN, AR, and MS (where first reported by J. Kees, pers.comm. 2022). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium cruciata | Smooth Bedstraw, Common Crosswort | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Ebner, Thomas - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium divaricatum | Lamarck’s Bedstraw, Wall Bedstraw | Disturbed areas. | Native of s. Europe. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Rubiaceae | Galium glaucum | Waxy Bedstraw | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) carnifex - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium labradoricum | Labrador Bedstraw | Bogs, swamps. | NL west to NT, south to n. NJ, sc. PA, ne. OH, MI, , n. IN, n. IL, n. IA, e. SD, SK, AB, and BC. |  (c) Gunnar, Aaron - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium lanceolatum | Lanceleaf Bedstraw, Wild-licorice | Mesic to dry hardwood forests. | QC west to MN, south to w. NC and e. TN. |  (c) Sachs, Jason |
| Rubiaceae | Galium latifolium | Purple Bedstraw, Wideleaf Bedstraw | Moist hardwood forests. | C. PA and KY south to n. GA and n. AL, a Southern and Central Appalachian endemic. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium mollugo | Smooth Bedstraw, Hedge Bedstraw | Moist roadsides, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Gwaltney, John |
| Rubiaceae | Galium obtusum var. filifolium | Carolina Bedstraw | Marshes, swamps, creekbanks, alluvial forests. | S. NJ south to c. GA, primarily on the Coastal Plain. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium obtusum var. obtusum | Bluntleaf Bedstraw | Marshes, swamps. | NS west to SD, south to FL and TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium odoratum | Sweet Woodruff, Waldmeister | Commonly cultivated, rarely escaped or persistent, rarely along railroad tracks. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Wright, Janet - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Galium orizabense ssp. laevicaule | Bald Bedstraw, Smoothstem Bedstraw | Mesic forests, maritime forests, swamp edges. | Se. VA south to FL, west to se. TX; West Indies. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Rubiaceae | Galium palustre | Marsh Bedstraw | Marshes, wet soil. | NL (Labrador) and ON south to MD, s. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), MD, WV, OH, IN, and IL; also in Europe and nw. North America. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Rubiaceae | Galium parisiense | Wall Bedstraw | Disturbed areas. | Native of s., w., and c. Europe. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Rubiaceae | Galium pedemontanum | Piedmont Bedstraw, Piedmont Crosswort | Lawns, grassy roadsides, pastures. | Native of s. Europe. In GA Mountains and Piedmont (T. Govus, pers. comm. 2005). Reported for DE and MD by Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp (2016). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium pilosum | Hairy Bedstraw | Forests, woodland borders, longleaf pine sandhills, prairies, coastal prairies, clearings. | S. NH west to MI, n. IL, MO, and KS, south to c. peninsular FL and TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium proliferum | Limestone Bedstraw | Limestone slopes. | C. and s. TX west to s. CA, south to n. Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, SLP, SON, TAM). |  (c) Carnahan, Sue - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium rubioides | European Bedstraw | Persisting and apparently spreading from cultivation. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Glazunov, Valerii - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium sherardia | Blue Field-madder | Lawns, roadsides, other disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium texense | Texas Bedstraw | Gravelly limestone slopes. | W. AR and OK south to s. TX. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Rubiaceae | Galium tinctorium var. floridanum | Florida Three-lobed Bedstraw, Stiff Marsh Bedstraw | Swamps, marshes, and ditches. | MA south to FL, west to e. TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain, but extending inland to w. VA, w. NC, se. KY, s. IL, and se. MO. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Rubiaceae | Galium tinctorium var. tinctorium | Southern Three-lobed Bedstraw, Stiff Marsh Bedstraw | Swamps, marshes, and ditches. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MN and NE, south to SC, n. GA, KY, and ne. MO. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Rubiaceae | Galium tricornutum | Small Bedstraw | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. This species has been reported from Cherokee and Greenwood counties, SC, nearby GA, and se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993). |  (c) Katsillis, Eleftherios - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium trifidum var. trifidum | Northern Three-lobed Bedstraw | Moist places, bogs, and swamps. | Circumboreal, south in North America to DE, PA, NJ, s. OH, s. IN, IL, IA, NE, CO, n. UT, and WA. |  (c) Hohn, Charlie - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Galium triflorum | Sweet-scented Bedstraw | Mesic to dry upland forests, floodplain forests, seepage swamps, old fields, disturbed areas, usually on base-rich soils. | Circumboreal, south in North America to FL and Mexico (TAM, VER). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium uniflorum | One-flowered Bedstraw | Moist slope forests and alluvial forests. | Se. VA south to FL, west to AR and e. TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium verum | Yellow Bedstraw, Our Lady's Bedstraw | Meadows, pastures, roadsides. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Galium virgatum | Ozark Bedstraw | Glades, ledgetops, rocky prairies, open blackland prairies (GA), waif around wool-combing mill (SC), other disturbed areas. | Native from TN, c. GA (Houston County), and AL west to KS, OK, and TX (not listed for Mexico in Villaseñor 2016). |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Rubiaceae | Galium wirtgenii | Yellow Bedstraw | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Jong, Martin de - CC-BY-NC |
| Rubiaceae | Gardenia | Gardenia |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Rubiaceae | Gardenia jasminoides | Gardenia | Persistent from horticultural plantings, perhaps spreading (H. Horne, pers. comm., 2014). | Native of China and Japan. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Guettarda | Velvetseed |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Guettarda elliptica | Hammock Velvetseed, Common Velvetseed | Hammocks, pinelands. | S. FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and n. South America (Colombia). |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Rubiaceae | Guettarda scabra | Rough Velvetseed | Hammocks, pinelands. | S. FL; West Indies; n. South America. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Hamelia | Firebush |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Hamelia patens var. glabra | Mexican Firebush, African Firebush | Suburban woodlands, disturbed areas. | Native of Central America and n. South America. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Hamelia patens var. patens | Firebush | Maritime hammocks, mesic hammocks, rockland hammocks, marl prairies, pine rocklands, floodplain forests, strand swamps, disturbed upland areas. | S. FL; West Indies; n. Mexico south through Central America to c. South America. |  (c) Keim, Mary - CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Hexasepalum |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |||
| Rubiaceae | Hexasepalum radula | Chrome ore piles and ballast, a waif. | Native of South America. |  (c) JG - CC-BY | |
| Rubiaceae | Hexasepalum teres | Poorjoe | Dunes, sandy roadsides, glades, hardpans, other dry habitats. | MA, NY and WI, south to FL, TX, and CA, south through Mexico and Central America. |  (c) Keim, Mary - CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia | Bluet, Diamond-flower |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia caerulea | Quaker Ladies, Innocence, Common Bluet, Pissabed | Forests, woodlands, openings, lawns, a wide variety of disturbed sites. | ME, ON, and WI south to s. GA, s. AL, w. LA, and OK. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia canadensis | Canada Bluet | Dry limestone barrens (sometimes locally abundant in shallow soils over limestone), limestone woodlands and outcrops. | ME and s. ON west to MI and n. IL, south to sw. VA, se. and c. TN, nw. GA, w. TN, and se. MO (J. Thomas, pers. comm., 2016). |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia croftiae | Croft's Bluet | Sandy open areas, sparsely vegetated areas in grasslands or among shrubs. | Endemic to s. TX (Duval, Hidalgo, Jim Wells, Refugio, San Patricio, Starr, Webb, and Zapata counties). | |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia floridana | Rockland Bluet | Pine rocklands, marl prairies. | S. FL (Miami-Dade and Monroe counties); n. Bahamas. |  (c) Reala, Matt - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia humifusa | Mat Bluets | Sandy prairies, dunes, other sandy places, disturbed areas. | OK and NM south through se., s. and w. TX. | |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia lanceolata | Midwestern Summer Bluet, Lanceleaf Bluet, Glade Mountain Houstonia | Calcareous prairies and barrens, dry woodlands, banks, rock outcrops, shallow soils around mafic and calcareous rock outcrops. | H. lanceolata ranges from s. ME and w. NY west to s. OH, and sw. MO, south to w. NC, n. GA, AL, MS, AR, and e. OK. The distribution and ecology of H. lanceolata in our area are poorly known; it apparently occupies drier and typically more circumneutral sites than H. purpurea. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia longifolia var. compacta | Eastern Longleaf Bluet | Dry rock outcrops and adjacent open woodlands, longleaf pine sandhills, dry sandy woodlands, dry roadbanks, glades and barrens. | Var. compacta is centered in the central Appalachians of VA, WV, e. KY, and se. OH, with extensions north to VT, west into n. IL, and south in the Piedmont and adjacent Coastal Plain to SC, GA, and Panhandle FL. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia longifolia var. glabra | Granite Dome Bluet | Seasonally and periodically wet soils of shallow soil mats and crevices of granitic domes. | Var. glabra is endemic to the granitic dome district centered around Highlands, NC, occurring in sw. NC, nw. SC, and ne. GA |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia longifolia var. longifolia | Northern Longleaf Bluet | Dry sandy or rocky habitats. | New England and maritime Canada west to MN and SK, south to n. NJ, PA, n. IN, n. IL. |  (c) Keesling, Jim - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia micrantha | Southern Bluet | Dunes, sandy soils, granitic flatrocks, other glades, disturbed areas, roadsides. | E. and c. GA west to sc. KY, sw. TN, s. MO, nw. AR, south to w. FL Panhandle, s. MS, s. LA, and e. TX. In 2017-2018, found eastwards of its known native distribution on roadsides and other disturbed areas in Wake County, NC (B. England, pers. comm., 2017, 2018). Reported for Barren County, KY (Brock 2020). |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia montana | Roan Mountain Bluet | In crevices of rock outcrops at the summits of high elevation peaks of the Southern Blue Ridge, also in thin, frost-heaved, gravelly soils of grassy balds near summit outcrops, from 1250-1950 m in elevation. | This species is endemic to the high Blue Ridge of nw. NC, ne. TN, and sw. VA, most notably occurring on Roan Mountain, Grandfather Mountain, Bluff Mountain, and Three Top Mountain. This species was recently found in sw. VA, at Grayson Highlands State Park, Grayson County (G.P. Fleming & K.D. Patterson, pers. comm., 2013). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia nigricans var. 1 | ||||
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia nigricans var. nigricans | Diamond-flower, Glade Bluet, Prairie Bluet | Limestone barrens, limestone glades, limestone rocky bluffs, blackland prairies, longleaf pine sandhills, coastal dunes, coastal grasslands, scrubby pine flatwoods. | Sw. VA (Ludwig 1999), s. MI, IA, NE, and e. CO, south to s. FL, TX, e. NM, and along the Sierra Madre Oriental to Hidalgo, Mexico. Turner (1995b) reports Houstonia nigricans var. nigricans (as Hedyotis nigricans var. nigricans) from Pickens County, SC; the documentation is not known to me, and suitable habitats there are unlikely. |  (c) Krakowiak, Alaina - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia nigricans var. pulvinata | Florida Dune Diamond-flower | Coastal dunes. | FL peninsula (Flagler and St. Johns counties). | |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia ouachitana | Ouachita Bluet, Ouachita Houstonia | Oak forests, bottomlands, openings, generally in more mesic places than H. tenuifolia. | Ouachita Mountains of sw. AR and se. OK. |  © Paul Barnard |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia parviflora | Greenman's Bluet | Tallgrass prairies. | S. TX; disjunct to nw. AR. | |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia procumbens | Creeping Bluet, Fairy-footprints, Roundleaf Bluet, Innocence | Beach dunes, moist to wet sandy pinelands and savannas, sandy firelanes. | Se. NC south to s. FL, west to se. LA. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia purpurea | Summer Bluet, Mountain Bluet | Moist and dry woodlands and forests, thinner soils around rock outcrops, and in a variety of disturbed sites, such as paths, old roads, and roadbanks. | DE, MD, and s. PA west to s. OH, s. IL, and sw. MO south to SC, sw. GA, Panhandle FL, MS, s. LA, e. TX, and e. OK. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia pusilla | Tiny Bluet | Woodlands, prairies, glades, barrens, lawns, cemeteries, and other disturbed sites. | MD south to Panhandle FL, west to TX, and inland from IL west to NE, south to TN and TX. The natural habitats and original distribution of this species are obscure. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia rosea | Rose Bluet | Bottomlands, lawns, disturbed areas. | AL west to se. MO, OK, and TX. |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia rupestris | Cliff Diamond-flower | Limestone river bluffs and cliffs. | Largely restricted to limestone cliff-tops along the Kentucky River Palisades, the Cumberland River in KY and TN, and perhaps the Sequatchie Valley in TN. |  (c) Corder, Brandon |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia serpyllifolia | Appalachian Bluet, Thyme-leaf Bluet | Streambanks, grassy balds, moist forests, seepy rock outcrops, spray cliffs, and moist disturbed areas. | A Southern and Central Appalachian endemic: PA south to nw. SC and ne. GA. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia subviscosa | Nodding Bluet | Sandy soils, dunes. | Nc. TX south through se. and s. TX to (?) ne. Mexico. | |
| Rubiaceae | Houstonia tenuifolia | Diffuse-branched Bluet | Usually in dry woodlands, often rocky (especially mafic rocks) or sandy. | This species is centered in the Southern Appalachians and the Ozarks, extending into provinces adjacent to both areas of concentration, ranging overall from PA west to MO and OK, south to SC, GA, and TX; disjunct in Panhandle FL. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Rubiaceae | Ixora | Ixora, Jungle-flame |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Ixora coccinea | Scarlet Jungle-flame | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. |  (c) Busque-Dubois, Marilyne - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Ixora pavetta | Torch-tree, Smallflower Jungle-flame | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Mitchella | Partridge-berry |  (c) Stuart, Will | ||
| Rubiaceae | Mitchella repens | Partridge-berry, Two-eyed-berry, Running Box | Deciduous and coniferous forests, stream-banks, heath balds, maritime forests, on rotten logs and hummocks in bottomlands and other wetter habitats. | NS west to MN, south to c. peninsular FL and TX; disjunct in montane Mexico (CAM, CHP, GRO, HGO, NLE, OAX, PUE, QRO, SLP, TAM, VER) and Guatemala. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Rubiaceae | Mitracarpus | Girdle-pod |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Mitracarpus hirtus | Girdle-pod | Disturbed areas, roadsides. | Native of tropical America. Reported for GA Coastal Plain (Charlton County) (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009) and SC Coastal Plain (Jasper County) (Bradley et al. [in prep.]). | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Morinda |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |||
| Rubiaceae | Morinda citrifolia | Indian-mulberry, Noni | Beaches, disturbed areas on the coast. | Native of Asia and Australia. |  (c) Lapointe, Martine - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Morinda royoc | Redgal, Cheeseshrub, Wild-mulberry, Rhubarb | Coastal hammocks, other hammocks. | C. and s. FL peninsula; West Indies; s. Mexico (CAM, CHP, ROO, TAB, YUC), Central America, and South America. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Rubiaceae | Oldenlandia | Oldenlandia |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Oldenlandia boscii | Bosc's Bluet, Bosc's Mille-graines | Clay-based Carolina bays, rivershore and millpond drawdown shores, sagponds, other seasonally saturated habitats. | A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. VA south to FL and west to TX. |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Oldenlandia corymbosa | Diamond-flower | Moist lawns, gardens. | Native of Africa or possibly South America. Reported for NC by Nesom (2000e). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Oldenlandia salzmannii | Roadside ditches, marshes. | Native of South America. Introduced in s. AL and w. Panhandle FL. |  (c) Wright, Janet - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Rubiaceae | Oldenlandiopsis | Oldenlandiopsis, Creeping-Bluet |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Oldenlandiopsis callitrichoides | Creeping-bluet, Oldenlandiopsis | Wet or moist disturbed urban areas. | Native of the West Indies and Mexico (YUC) and Central America. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Paederia | Skunk-vine |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Rubiaceae | Paederia cruddasiana | Sewervine, Stinkvine, Fevervine | Disturbed areas. | Native of s. Asia. |  (c) Franck, Alan R. - CC-BY-NC |
| Rubiaceae | Paederia foetida | Skunkvine | Disturbed areas. | Native of se. Asia. Diamond (1999) reports its naturalization in Randolph County, NC; Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009) report its naturalization in several counties in the GA Coastal Plain; reported also in s. AL (Mobile County) by Barger et al. (2019). |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Pentas |  (c) Weakley, Alan | |||
| Rubiaceae | Pentas lanceolata | Egyptian Starcluster | Disturbed hammocks, disturbed areas, sometimes spreading weakly from cultivation. |  (c) Zanzot, Djibo - CC-BY-SA | |
| Rubiaceae | Pentodon |  (c) Horn, Jay | |||
| Rubiaceae | Pentodon pentandrus | Pentodon | Pond edges, drawdowns, sloughs, wet meadows, moist ground. | Apparently native of sub-Saharan Africa, now distributed in e. SC south to s. FL, west to se. TX; West Indies. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Rubiaceae | Pinckneya | Pinckneya, Fever-tree |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Rubiaceae | Pinckneya bracteata | Pinckneya, Fever-tree | Margins of acidic, peaty (blackwater) swamps, bayheads and also in seepage ecotones and other boggy habitats. | Se. SC south to ne. FL and Panhandle FL. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Rubiaceae | Psychotria | Wild Coffee |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Psychotria ligustrifolia | Smooth Wild Coffee, Bahama Wild Coffee | Rockland hammocks, pine rocklands. | S. FL; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands). |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Rubiaceae | Psychotria nervosa | Wild Coffee | Hammocks. | Ne. FL (Duval County) south to s. FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and n. South America. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Psychotria punctata | Dotted Wild Coffee | Rockland hammocks, disturbed areas. | Native of Africa. Naturalized in the Florida Keys (Monroe County) and mainland FL in Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach counties (Wetterer 2022). |  (c) Corder, Brandon |
| Rubiaceae | Psychotria tenuifolia | Shortleaf Wild Coffee | Hammocks, swamps, pine rocklands, disturbed areas. | S. FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and South America. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Rubiaceae | Randia | Indigoberry |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Randia aculeata var. aculeata | White Indigoberry, Inkberry, Box Briar | Hammocks, pine rocklands, coastal strands, disturbed areas. | S. and c. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and South America. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Rubiaceae | Randia rhagocarpa | Crucillo, Texas Randia | Open chaparral, brushlands, and thickets. | S. TX, TAM, NLE, SLP, and VER. | |
| Rubiaceae | Richardia | Richardia |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Richardia brasiliensis | Tropical Richardia | Roadsides, fields, vacant lots, urban areas, disturbed areas. | Native of South America. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Richardia grandiflora | Largeflower Richardia | Yards, 'improved' pastures, disturbed areas. | Native of South America (mainly Brazil). Near the northern edge of its current documented distribution, it was reported for Alachua County (Kunzer et al. 2009), "rapidly spreading". |  (c) Montes de Oca, Joseph - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Richardia humistrata | Disturbed areas, pine savannas, pine flatwoods. | Native of South America. Also collected in 1886 as a ballast waif in Camden County, NJ; first noted on the Gulf Coast only in 1941, but perhaps early introduced there on ballast as well, such as at Pensacola. |  (c) Mesaglio, Thomas - CC-BY | |
| Rubiaceae | Richardia scabra | Rough Mexican-clover | Roadsides, fields, vacant lots, urban areas, disturbed areas. | Native of South America. Lewis & Oliver (1974) consider this species to be native from our area south through Central America into northern South America, based on the semi-contiguous distribution, but occurrences in our region seem to be in altered habitats. |  (c) Frumkin, Ron - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Richardia tricocca | Prairie Richardia | Brushy areas and woodlands. | E., c., and s. TX south to s. Mexico. | |
| Rubiaceae | Rubia | ||||
| Rubiaceae | Rubia tinctorum | Madder | Native of Eurasia. | ||
| Rubiaceae | Rubiaceae | Madder Family | (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Rubiaceae | Sarcocephalus |  (c) Keith-Diagne, Lucy - CC-BY | |||
| Rubiaceae | Sarcocephalus latifolius | African-peach | Native of Africa. | (c) Keith-Diagne, Lucy - CC-BY | |
| Rubiaceae | Spermacoce | Buttonweed |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Rubiaceae | Spermacoce glabra | Smooth Buttonweed | Moist shores, bottomlands, riverside drawdowns, rocky riversides in the mountains, disturbed areas in the Coastal Plain. | C. MD, s. OH, c. IN, c. IL, MO, and e. KS south to s. SC, Panhandle FL, s. AL, s. MS, LA, and e. TX. Perhaps only introduced in some parts of our area; see Wieboldt et al. (1998) for discussion. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Rubiaceae | Spermacoce keyensis | Florida Buttonweed | Pinelands. | S. FL; West Indies. Reported for s. TX (Correll & Johnston 1970). |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Rubiaceae | Spermacoce ocymoides | Wet pine flatwoods, floodplain forests. | FL, AL, MS, south through the New World tropics. |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Rubiaceae | Spermacoce remota | Woodland Buttonweed | Wet hammocks, bottomland forests, marshes. | Sw. GA, s. AL, and FL; Central America, South America, and the West Indies. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Rubiaceae | Spermacoce tenuior | In clay soils along creeks. | S. TX south through Mexico and Central America to South America. Reported from sw. GA and MS (Kartesz 1999, 2010) {IDs need checking; seems a bit unlikely}. |  (c) Díaz, José Belem Hernández - CC-BY | |
| Rubiaceae | Spermacoce tetraquetra | Pineland Buttonweed | Pinelands, hammocks, disturbed areas. | S. FL; West Indies; s. Mexico and Central America. |  (c) Wrens, Sequoia Janirella - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Rubiaceae | Strumpfia | Strumpfia |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Rubiaceae | Strumpfia maritima | Strumpfia, Seaside-rosemary, Pride of Big Pine | Coastal strands, pine rocklands. | S. FL (Monroe County keys); West Indies; s. Mexico (ROO, YUC); South America (n. Venezuela). |  © Scott Ward |