Convolvulus fraterniflorus (Mackenzie & Bush) Mackenzie & Bush. Phen: Apr-Oct. Hab: Thickets, roadsides, fields, streambanks, disturbed areas. Dist: MA and VT west to MI, IA, and KS, south to SC, GA, AL, AR, and OK.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Brummitt treated this (in Calystegia) as a North American subspecies of Calystegia silvatica (see synonymy), with three other subspecies in the Old World: ssp. silvatica and ssp. disjuncta Brummitt European and ssp. orientalis Brummitt e. Asian. This taxon is on a separate evolutionary trajectory and warrants specific rank.

Synonymy ⓘ: = Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. var. fraterniflora (Mack. & Bush) Shinners – Tx; = Calystegia silvatica Griseb. ssp. fraterniflora (Mack. & Bush) Brummitt – FNA14, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NcTx, NE, NY, Tn, Va, Austin, Diggs, & Lipscomb (1997), Spaulding (2013c); = Calystegia silvatica Griseb. ssp. fraterniflorus – Il, orthographic variant; = Calystegia silvatica Griseb. var. fraterniflora (Mack. & Bush) Brummitt – Pa; = Calystegia sylvatica ssp. fraterniflora – GrPl, orthographic variant; = Convolvulus sepium L. var. fraterniflorus Mack. & Bush – F, G, WV, Wilson (1960b); < Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. – C, RAB

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Great Plains: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Midwest: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Northcentral & Northeast: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily ⓘ: 8