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Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution
Cyperaceae	Cyperus acuminatus	Pointed Flatsedge	Wet meadows or depressions, especially in glades, barrens, or woodlands over limestone; also ditches and sidewalk cracks.	IL west to ND, south to w. LA, TX, and n. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM); disjunct from WA to s. CA; disjunct eastward at scattered localities in VA, NC, GA (Echols 2007), TN, KY, and OH (where probably native), and NY and NH (where probably introduced).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus aggregatus		Disturbed areas, apparently introduced on ballast, perhaps only a waif and no longer present in some places in our region.	Native of tropical America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus albostriatus		Disturbed riparian and mesic slope forests.	Native of s. Africa.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus alopecuroides		Disturbed wet areas.	Native of Old World tropics. Reported for FL in FNA and for MS in Kartesz (2010).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus aristulatus		Moist ground.	IL, MO, NE, CO, UT, and WA south to TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus articulatus	Chintúl	Marshes, tidal and non-tidal.	Se. SC (formerly) south to s. FL west to e. TX, and south into tropical America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus bipartitus	Slender Flatsedge, Shining Flatsedge	Depression ponds, low fields, ditches, marshes, muddy river shores, along streams, especially in seasonally flooded situations.	ME and QC west to MN and WA, south to FL (Wakulla County) (Kunzer et al. 2009), GA, LA, TX, NM, AZ, and CA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus blepharoleptos	Cuban-bulrush	Ponds and marshes, especially in floating vegetation mats, ditches.	Tropical America; very likely accidentally introduced in the Southeastern US via shipping (first known occurrences in Mobile, AL in 1882 and New Orleans, LA in 1889).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus brevifolioides	Asiatic Greenhead Sedge	River sand bars, tidal marshes, tidal shores, moist soils of pastures and ditches.	Apparently introduced and native of e. Asia. Its distribution in North America is still somewhat obscure (because of confusion with C. brevifolius), but it is currently known from scattered locations in NC, SC, VA, CT, PA, MD, TN, AL, GA, NJ, DE, AR, MS, and KY. Reported for SC by Hill & Horn (1997), as K. brevifolioides.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus brevifolius	Perennial Greenhead Sedge	Moist soils of fields, ditches, lawns.	Pantropical, north in North America to n. NC, se. OK, and CA. Likely to occur in s. VA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus cephalanthus	Buttonbush Flatsedge	Coastal prairies.	LA west to se. TX; South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus compressus	Poorland Flatsedge	Sandy fields, disturbed areas.	Pantropical and warm temperate, north in North America to s. NY, s. OH, s. IL, and e. TX, the northern extent of the native range uncertain. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus croceus	Baldwin’s Flatsedge	Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, disturbed areas.	NJ and MO south through the New World tropics.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus cuspidatus		Sandy fields, disturbed areas.	S. SC south to FL, west to LA; New World tropics. Probably only introduced in the Southeastern United States.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus dentatus	Toothed Flatsedge	Low sandy areas, sand and cobble bars, sandy shorelines, Shenandoah Valley sinkhole ponds.	NS and QC south to n. VA; disjunct inland in w. VA, se. TN, and nw. IN. Previous reports from further south in the Coastal Plain appear to be based on material of C. lecontei.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus diandrus	Umbrella Flatsedge	Interdune swales, ponds, exposed river and lake shores, usually where seasonally ponded.	ME west to ND, south to VA, c. TN, n. AL, IL, MO, and IA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus difformis	Variable Flatsedge, Smallflower Umbrella Sedge	Disturbed areas.	Native of Old World tropics. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus digitatus	Finger Flatsedge	Disturbed wet areas.	Pantropical, north in North America to FL Panhandle, LA, and TX.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus distans		Marshes; probably introduced from tropical America.	Native of Neotropics and Paleotropics.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus distinctus		Marshes, wet pine flatwoods, wet hammocks, ditches.	E. SC south to Panhandle FL and s. FL; se. LA; Bahamas (New Providence Cay).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus drummondii	Drummond's Flatsedge	Flatwoods ponds, savannas, coastal prairies, ditches, disturbed depressions.	SC south to Panhandle FL, west to e. TX; West Indies; Central America; South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus echinatus	Round-headed Flatsedge, Globe Flatsedge	Sandy woodlands, forests, fields, thin soils on outcrops, sand and gravel bars.	CT and NY west to s. OH, IL, and se. KS, south to n. FL, TX, and ne. Mexico.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus elegans	Royal Flatsedge, Sticky Flatsedge	Ditches, wet open areas, coastal rock barrens.	FL, AL, MS, TX, and NM, south to South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus engelmannii	Slender Sand Flatsedge	Alluvial and other damp to wet soils.	North-central and northeastern North America, MA west to s. ON, MN and NE, south to se. NC and MO. Distribution in our region is poorly known.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus entrerianus	Woodrush Flatsedge	Bottomland hardwood forests, coastal grasslands, marshes, vacant lots, disturbed areas.	Native of temperate South America. Established from E. GA south to s. FL and west to e. and s. TX. Carter (1990), Rosen, Carter, & Bryson (2006), and Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009) discuss the spread of this noxious weed in the Southeastern United States. Bradley et al. [in prep.] report for Coastal Plain of SC (Jasper County).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus eragrostis	Lovegrass Flatsedge	Disturbed wetlands.	Native of tropical America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus erythrorhizos	Redrooted Flatsedge	Marshes, ditches, shores, mud flats.	MA west to ND and WA, south to n. FL, LA, TX, AZ, CA, and Mexico (BCN, TAB, TAM).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus esculentus var. esculentus	Chufa	Apparently sparingly cultivated, and persistent.	Native of Eurasia.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus esculentus var. heermannii		Disturbed areas.	Native of w. United States and Mexico. Map is particularly uncertain.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus	Yellow Nutsedge, Yellow Nutgrass, Wild Chufa, Earth-almond	Fields, roadsides, shores, other disturbed areas.	The species is widespread in tropical and warm temperate North, Central, and South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus esculentus var. macrostachyus	Yellow Nutsedge, Yellow Nutgrass, Wild Chufa, Earth-almond	Disturbed areas.	Var. macrostachyus is the main variety in Central America north into s. United States.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus excurrens	Excurrent Flatsedge	Sporadically appearing in exsiccated bottoms of karst ponds in the Coastal Plain.	Known only from sw. GA, perhaps to be expected in se. AL and FL Panhandle.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus filicinus	Fern Flatsedge	Brackish marshes, other maritime habitats.	ME to s. FL, west to LA; West Indies.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus filiculmis	Southeastern Flatsedge	Longleaf pine sandhills, other sandy or rocky woodlands, forests, and fields.	DE and MD south to s. peninsular FL, west to e. TX. Reported as new for DE (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus filiformis	Florida Flatsedge	Pine rocklands, coastal strands, rockland hammocks, disturbed areas over limestone, including cemeteries.	S. FL; Bahamas.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus flavescens	Yellow Flatsedge	Low fields, ditches, marshes, especially where seasonally flooded.	Pantropical and warm temperate, north in North America to MA, MI, MO, and KS.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus flavicomus	White-edged Flatsedge	Ditches, marshes, natural or artificial ponds, especially where seasonally flooded.	Se. VA and KY south through the New World tropics.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus floribundus		Prairies and marshes.	S. TX south to ne. Mexico (TAM).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus fraternus		Disturbed depressions, ditches.	Reported for several counties in the GA Coastal Plain (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009)
Cyperaceae	Cyperus fugax	Withering Flatsedge
Cyperaceae	Cyperus fuligineus	Limestone Flatsedge	Pine rocklands, coastal rock barrens, edges of tidal marshes on limestone.	Florida Keys; West Indies.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus fuscus	Black Galingale, Brown Galingale	Wet, disturbed areas.	Native of temperate Eurasia. See Bryson et al. (1996), Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus giganteus	Giant Flatsedge, "Mexican Papyrus"	Marshes.	Native of tropical America (West Indies, Central America and South America).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus granitophilus	Granite Flatsedge	Granitic flatrocks, rarely on diabase flatrocks of the Piedmont, Altamaha Grit glades of the Coastal Plain, and sandstone outcrops of the Cumberland Plateau.	Sc. VA south to ec. AL in the Piedmont; disjunct in se. and c. TN on sandstone and limestone and in sc. GA on Altamaha Grit; disjunct in c. TX and s. OK (O'Kennon & Taylor 2015). Plants reported as C. granitophilus by O'Kennon & Taylor (2015) are more closely related to C. squarrosus and are better treated as C. squarrosus var. runyonii (Lowe & Carter 2023).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus grayi	Gray’s Flatsedge	Longleaf pine sandhills, dunes, other dry soils.	NH south to GA and Panhandle FL (Liberty County) (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008). Reports in the Piedmont and Mountains of NC, SC, GA, and AL appear to all be false reports.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus grayoides	Sand Prairie Flatsedge, Illinois Flatsedge	Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry sandy communities.	IL and MO south to w. LA and e. TX.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus haspan	Sheathed Flatsedge	Tidal marshes, other marshes, ponded depressions, low fields, ditches, waterfowl impoundments, weed in rice fields.	Pantropical in distribution, north in North America to se. VA (MD?), sc. TN, c. AR, and c. TX.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus hemidrummondii	Drummond's Half-chaff Sedge	Exposed wet sandy soils.	OH, WI, ND, and MT south to LA, TX, NM, and AZ.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus hermaphroditus		Floodplain forests.	TX, south to tropical America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus hortensis	Annual Greenhead Sedge	Moist soils of fields, ditches, lawns, shores of ponds and rivers.	Pantropical, north in North America to e. PA, MO, and e. KS.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus houghtonii	Houghton's Flatsedge	Dry upland sites, shale barrens, rock outcrops, perhaps associated with mafic or calcareous rocks.	MA, VT, and QC west to MN, south to w. VA, WV, nc. NC, and nw. IN.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus hyalinus	Queensland Sedge	Disturbed upland areas.	Native of se. Asia and Australia; known in North America from s. FL.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus hystricinus	Bristly Flatsedge	Dry woodlands and forests, sandhills, other dry or sandy habitats.	NJ south to n. FL, west to e. TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus involucratus	Umbrella-Plant	Cultivated and persistent, also naturalizing in disturbed areas.	Native of Africa. Naturalized north at least to Panhandle FL (Kunzer et al. 2009).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus iria	Rice-field Flatsedge	Marshes, ditches, disturbed wet areas, sandbars and gravelbars.	Native of Old World. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus laevigatus		Brackish marshes.	Native of sw. North America and New World tropics.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus lancastriensis	Many-flowered Flatsedge, Porter’s Flatsedge	Dry woodlands, forests, and fields.	NJ west to WV, OH, and MO, south to GA, c. MS (Morris & MacDonald 2012), and AR.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus lanceolatus		Wet places.	Se. GA and ne. FL west to LA and c. TX (?), south into the Neotropics; also Africa.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus lecontei		Limesink ponds, low pinelands and seepages, interdune ponds, ditches, wet sands along roads, and other disturbed areas.	Se. NC south to s. FL, west to w. LA. Sorrie (1998b) reports it for e. GA (Glynn County).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus lentiginosus		Open areas, thickets.	S. FL; se. TX south through Mexico and Central America to n. South America; West Indies.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus leptocarpus		Ditches, moist ground.	Native of Asia and Australia. Reported for Baldwin Co., AL (H. Horne, pers.comm. and iNaturalist observation 2023).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus ligularis	Swamp Flatsedge	Brackish marshes, beaches, disturbed wetlands.	FL and AL south into Mexico, Central America. South America; Africa
Cyperaceae	Cyperus lupulinus var. lupulinus	Great Plains Flatsedge	Dry sterile soils in fields and meadows.	MA and VT west to MN, south to NC, n. SC, TX; disjunct in ID, WA, and OR.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus lupulinus var. macilentus		Dry sterile soils in fields and meadows.	ME, QC, and MN south to w. VA, w. NC, nw. GA, and MO.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus metzii	Crested Greenhead Sedge	Lawns, turf farms, athletic fields, golf courses, other disturbed areas.	Native of Asia. Reported for AL by Barger et al. (2012)
Cyperaceae	Cyperus microiria		Exposed shorelines, other disturbed wet areas.	Native of e. Asia. Naturalized in CT, DE, KY, OH, MA, NJ, NY, PA, and VA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus nashii	Nash’s Flatsedge	Longleaf pine sandhills and Florida scrub.	E. GA south to s. FL, west to Panhandle FL.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus neochinensis		Adventive in moist ground, perhaps merely a waif.	Native of s. Asia.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus neotropicalis	American Lipocarpha, American Halfchaff	Riverine sandbars, depression ponds, interdune swales and ponds, borrow pits, impoundment shores, ditches, other moist exposed soil.	Se. VA south to s. FL, west to AL.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus nipponicus		Disturbed areas.	Native of e. Asia (e. China, Japan, Korea, e. Russia). Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus ochraceus		Marshes, ditches, wet disturbed areas.	Se. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), s. FL, s. AL, s. MS, LA, TX, south into Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus odoratus var. odoratus	Fragrant Flatsedge	Low fields, marshes, ditches, sandbars.	Pantropical, north in North America to MA, se. ME, ON, MN, KS, NM, AZ, and CA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus ovatus		Sandy beaches, maritime forests, and pinelands.	Se. NC south to s. FL, west to s. AL.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus oxylepis	Sharp-scale Flatsedge	Disturbed wet areas, marshes, saline areas.	Native of South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus pallidicolor			Se. and c. TX; sw. NM, and s. AZ south through Mexico and Central America to South America. The reports (BONAP 2021) for se. TX are puzzling and need additional confirmation.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus papyrus	Papyrus	Stream banks, marshes.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, w. Asia, and n. Africa.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus pedunculatus	Beachstar	Ocean beaches.	East coast of c. and s. peninsular FL; West Indies; se. Mexico (ROO, YUC), Central America, and South America; Africa; s. Asia; Australia; Pacific Islands.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus pilosus		Rice fields, ditches.	Native of e. Asia. See Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus planifolius		Brackish marshes.	Se. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) south to s. FL; West Indies; Central and South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus plukenetii	Starburst Flatsedge, Plukenet’s Flatsedge	Longleaf pine sandhills, sandy woodlands, thin soils of rock outcrops, and dry, disturbed areas.	NJ, KY, se. MO, and se. OK, south to c. peninsular FL and e. TX.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus polystachyos	Coast Flatsedge	Low fields, ditches, and marshes.	Pantropical and warm temperate, north in North America to ME, MA, KY, MO, and OK.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus prolifer	Dwarf Papyrus	Pond shores, marshes, ditches.	Native of tropical e. Africa. Also reported for se. VA (Kartesz 2010).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus prolixus		Disturbed areas.	Native of the Neotropics.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus		Disturbed areas, damp soils.	TX south into Mexico.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus pseudovegetus	Green Flatsedge, Marsh Flatsedge	Marshes, ditches, depressions.	MA and s. NJ, west to s. IL, s. MO, and OK, south to FL and TX.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus pumilus		Disturbed wet areas.	Native of the Old World, occurring in n. FL and se. GA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus reflexus		Disturbed wet areas.	OK south to LA, TX, and Mexico. Reported for AL (Crenshaw County) by Diamond (2013b). Native of sw. and sc. United States south to tropical America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus refractus	Reflexed Flatsedge	Dry sandy or rocky woodlands and forests, also in somewhat moister sites.	NJ west to OH and MO, south to SC, GA, AL, and AR.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus retroflexus var. pumilus		Cropped fields, seasonally damp, disturbed areas.	AL west to NM, south to Mexico.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus retroflexus var. retroflexus		Cropped fields, seasonally damp, disturbed areas.	AL west to NM, south to Mexico.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus retrofractus	Rough Flatsedge	Dry sandy or rocky woodlands and fields.	NJ west to s. OH, and se. MO, south to GA. AL, and AR.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus retrorsus	Pineland Flatsedge	Dry woodlands, forests, and rock outcrops.	S. NY south to FL, west to TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain, but north in the interior to KY and se. OK.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus richardii		Open disturbed sites, especially roadsides and lawns.	Native of Old World, known in North America from s. FL.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus rotundus	Purple Nutsedge, Nutgrass, Cocograss, Tulillo	Gardens, fields, disturbed areas.	Pantropical and warm temperate in distribution (though extending less far north than C. esculentus).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus sanguinolentus		Ditches, disturbed wet areas.	Native of Asia, known in North America from e. GA west to LA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus schweinitzii	Sand Flatsedge	Sandy soils. On dunes in the Great Lakes.	VT, MA, MN, and Albert, south to s. NJ, se. and sw. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), n. KY, OH, MO, TX, NM, UT, and Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, JAL, ZAC).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus serotinus	Tidalmarsh Flatsedge	Tidal marshes.	Native of Eurasia. Reported as naturalized in s. NJ, DE, and PA (FNA, Kartesz 1999).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus sesquiflorus	Whitehead Sedge	Moist soils of fields, ditches, lawns, shores of ponds and rivers, sand and gravel bars.	Pantropical, north in North America to ne. NC and se. AR. Likely to occur in se. VA.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus setigerus	Lean Flatsedge	Ditches, pondshores.	MO and NM south to MS, TX.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus species 1	Diminutive Flatsedge	Infrequent to locally abundant (following soil disturbance) on Florida scrub, stabilized dunes, and sandridges, generally on open white sands, near the coast but also inland on riverine (and aeolian?) dunes.	Se. VA south to s. FL, west to s. MS.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus sphacelatus		Lawns, disturbed moist areas.	Native of the New World and Old World tropics, likely introduced to FL from the West Indies (Carter et al. 1996).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus squarrosus var. runyonii	Texas Awned Flatsedge	On sands or granite.	C. OK south to c. TX and s. TX. Reports of C. granitophilus from this area (O'Kennon & Taylor 2015) represent this taxon (Lowe & Carter 2023).
Cyperaceae	Cyperus squarrosus var. squarrosus	Awned Flatsedge	Moist depressions and seepages on granitic and other rocks, drawdown riverbanks, swales, shores, coastal rock barrens, other moist disturbed sites, cracks in sidewalks and pavement.	Nearly cosmopolitan in distribution, in Old World and New World. The distribution of C. squarrosus var. squarrosus in precolonial North America is very uncertain.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus strigosus var. stenolepis		Marshes, ditches, wet flatwoods, wet disturbed areas.	NC south to FL, west to TX. Distribution map is quite speculative.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus strigosus var. strigosus	Straw Flatsedge, False Nutsedge	Marshes, ditches, wet flatwoods, wet disturbed areas.	QC west to SD, south to FL and TX; also in w. North America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus subsquarrosus	Smallflower Halfchaff	Riverbank draw-down zones, other moist sandy areas, like seasonally flooded shores of artificial impoundments.	ME west to ON and MN, south to s. FL and TX; south into tropical America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus surinamensis		Marshes, pond edges, disturbed wet areas.	Se. NC south to s. FL, west to KS, OK, TX, and south into Mexico and tropical America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus tetragonus	Four-angled Flatsedge	Maritime forests and dunes, edges of brackish marshes.	E. NC south to s. FL and FL Panhandle. Reports of the species in s. AL (Woods, Diamond, & Burkhalter 2016) are based on specimens of C. thyrsiflorus.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus thyrsiflorus	Southern Flatsedge	Calcareous woodlands/hammocks, swamp edges, and shell middens.	E. SC south to s. FL, west to se. TX; West Indies; Mexico to South America.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus unioloides		Swamps.	Native of Neotropics and Paleotropics.
Cyperaceae	Cyperus virens		Marshes and ditches.	E. NC south to c. peninsular FL, west to TX; Mexico to Argentina. Also as a chrome ore waif in VA.

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