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Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis acicularis	Needle Spikerush	Drawdown shores of lakes, ponds, and rivers, marshes, ditches.	Greenland, NL (Newfoundland), NU, and AK south to GA, TX, CA; Mexico, Central America, n. South America, Eurasia.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis acutangula ssp. breviseta		Depressional wetlands.	S. FL. Native of West Indies (Cuba, Dominican Republic); Central America (Panama); South America; also s. Africa (where probably introduced).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis aestuum	Tidal Spikerush	Freshwater tidal rivers.	ME south to DE, PA, and NJ. See MCAvoy (2021) for details about DE occurrence.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis albida	White Spikerush	Brackish tidal marshes, interdune swales and ponds.	MD south to s. FL, west to TX and n. Mexico (NLE, TAM); Bermuda.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis ambigens		Brackish tidal marshes.	MA south to n. FL, west to TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis angusticeps		Sandy banks of creeks, in uppermost marsh areas and edges of maritime marsh hammocks dominated by Quercus virginiana, Juniperus silicicola, and Sabal palmetto.	So far as is known, endemic to coastal GA (Camden County).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis atropurpurea	Purple Spikerush	Clay-based Carolina bays, other pineland ponds, disturbed wetlands.	Widely scattered in North America; Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis baldwinii	Baldwin’s Spikerush	Bogs, pools, acid impoundment shores. Often growing in dense mats in very wet, saturated sandy firelanes or disklines in fire-managed habitats or other somewhat-disturbed wet, acidic, sandy habitats.	VA south to FL, west to AR and TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis bicolor		Moist sites, wet pine savannas.	AL and GA west to LA; West Indies; Nicaragua.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis bifida	Cedar Glade Spikerush	Seasonally wet seepage in limestone glades.	KY and w. VA south through TN to nw. GA and n. AL. Known from a single collection in VA (Rockbridge County); and otherwise primarily occurs in KY and TN and adjacent areas of surrounding states.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis brachycarpa		Wet soils, resaca edges.	S. TX (where last seen in 1834) and TAM (last seen in 1959(.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis brittonii		Bogs, pine savannas.	NC south to FL, west to TX, north in the interior to TN and MO; disjunct in DE and s. NJ.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis cellulosa	Gulf Coast Spikerush	Fresh to brackish interdune swale ponds on barrier islands, marl prairies, depression ponds, salt marshes, other disturbed wet sandy habitats.	E. NC south to s. FL, west to TX and Mexico; West Indies; Bermuda; Central America (Nicaragua).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis compressa var. acutisquamata		Calcareous (dolostone and limestone) glades and fens.	IL, MN, AB, and SK south to IL, MO, TX, and NM.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis compressa var. compressa	Flattened Spikerush	Limestone or mafic glades and barrens, riverside scours.	QC, MN, SD, and CO south to VA, nc. NC, nw. GA, AL, MS, AR, and KS. See Ungberg (2022) for discussion of its occurrence in NC.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis confervoides	Websteria	Submersed or floating in lakes and ponds.	AL, GA, and FL; West Indies; Central and South America; Asia; Africa; n. Australia.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis cylindrica	Cylinder Spikerush	Ephemeral pools.	Widely scattered in TX and KS.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis dulcis	Chinese Water-chestnut
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis elegans	Elegant Spikerush	Swamp forests, pastures, stream beds.	Peninsular FL (Hardee and Hillsborough counties); West Indies; Mexico and Central America south to South America. See Brunton, Campbell, & Reznicek (2018) for a detailed discussion of the species' occurrence in FL.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis elliptica	Elliptic Spikerush	Calcareous prairies, fens, shores, riverside scours.	NL (Labrador) west to BC, south to PA, NJ, WV, TN, MO, IA, and ID. Reported for fen habitats in the Ozark portion of MO (J. Thomas, pers. comm., 2020).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis elongata		Quiet waters of limesink (doline) ponds, Everglades sawgrass sloughs.	Se. NC south to FL, west to s. AL, s. MS, and TX (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); Jamaica; Mexico, Central America, South America.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis engelmannii	Engelmann’s Spikerush	Freshwater shores, marshes, disturbed wet places.	MA, ON, and BC south to GA, MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008), TX, and CA.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis equisetoides	Horsetail Spikerush	Quiet waters of limesink (doline) ponds, natural lakes, borrow pits, ditches, artificial millponds.	MA south to c. peninsular FL, west to se. TX, AR, s. MO, and se. OK; also near the Great Lakes from NY west to MI, MO. Reported for OK (Buthod & Hoagland 2017).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis erythropoda	Bald Spikerush	Streambanks, marshes, ponds, swamps. Often in circumneutral or higher pH soils.	NS and AK south to NC, MS, TX, AZ, and OR.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis fallax	Creeping Spikerush	Tidal marshes and swamps, interdune swales.	Nova Scotia to NJ; disjunct in e. NC.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis flavescens var. flavescens	Pale Spikerush, Yellow Spikerush	Coastal Plain ponds, pools.	DE south to s. FL, west to TX; West Indies; South America.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis geniculata		Marshes, moist disturbed areas.	Widespread but scattered across much of the United States; West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis intermedia	Matted Spikerush	Calcareous fens and seepage areas, wet disturbed areas over calcareous rocks.	NS west to MN, south to VA, TN, and IL.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis interstincta	Knotted Spikerush	Ponds, lakes, borrow pits, canals.	S. AL and Panhandle FL south to s. FL and west (interruptedly) to OK and TX; Bahamas and West Indies; Mexico, Central America, e. South America.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis lanceolata	Ozark Spikerush	Wet areas, open disturbed areas, banks of creeks, along pond or lake margins, ditches, roadsides, glades, mesic forests.	MO and KS south to MS (J.R. Rigby, pers.comm. 2020), LA, and TX; disjunct in c. TN (Montgomery Co., Western Highland Rim).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis macrostachya	Large Spikerush	Wet ditches, marshes, shorelines.	QC to AK south to WV, AL, MS, TX, CA, and Mexico; South America. Mapping is especially conjectural.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis melanocarpa	Black-fruited Spikerush	Coastal Plain ponds, cypress meadows, sinkhole ponds in the Shenandoah Valley.	MA south to n. peninsular FL, west to e. TX; disjunct in s. MI and n. IN (Sorrie & Leonard 1999).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis microcarpa var. filiculmis	Torrey’s Spikerush	Bogs, wet pine savannas.	MA and MI south to FL west to TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis microcarpa var. microcarpa		Wet pine savannas, Coastal Plain bogs.	SC south to FL, west to LA; West Indies.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis minima	Small Spikerush	Pond margins, lakeshores, shallow water, wet depressions.	GA and FL west to TX; West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, Australia (FNA).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis montana		Ponds, swales, wet ditches, floodplain forests.	FL and se. and sw. GA west to TX, south to Mexico, Central America, and South America; West Indies.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis montevidensis	Sand Spikerush	Maritime wet grasslands, ponds, swales, ditches.	E. NC south to FL, west to TX and CA; Mexico, South America.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis mutata		Depressional wetlands.	S. FL; se. TX; Mexico; South America; West Indies (including the Bahamas); w. Africa. Reported for s. FL (Broward County) in a situation where its native / non-native status is uncertain and indeterminable (Angelo, Rosen, & Lange 2020).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis nana	Dwarf Spikerush	Pond margins.	FL Panhandle and peninsula; South America.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis nigrescens		Pond margins, pine flatwoods.	Se. NC (historical), SC to FL; West Indies, Mexico; South America; Africa. The native status of this species in the southeastern coastal plain is uncertain. The earliest collection that can be confirmed in FL was not until the 1940's (Ward and Leigh 1975); however, a single collection near Wilmington, NC predated this by more than 70 years (Canby s.n.; October 1867). While often present in disturbed wet ditches and similar habitats, it can also occur in relatively intact wet flatwoods, further complicating our understanding of its historical and current nativity.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis obtusa	Blunt Spikerush	Ditches, marshes, disturbed wet areas.	NS west to BC, south to FL, TX, and CA.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis obtusetrigona		Ditches.	Se. and s. TX; ne. Mexico (TAM, VER), Central America (Nicaragua); South America.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis occulta	Occult Spikerush	Seeps over limestone or other calcareous substrate.	S. OK south to c. TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis olivacea var. olivacea	Olive Spikerush	Coastal Plain ponds, pools, other wet, sandy or peaty habitats.	NS west to MN, south to FL and TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis olivacea var. reductiseta		Tidal rivers draining from the NJ pine barrens. On sand, gravel, or mud-covered sands of freshwater to slightly brackish intertidal zones of rivers.	Endemic to s. NJ (as far as is known).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis ovata		Freshwater drying shores, lake and stream beds, bogs, tidal estuarine shores, disturbed areas.	NL (Labrador), ON, and MN south to NJ, MD, DE, PA, VA, KY, MO, and OK; scattered in w. United States. Also known from one collection in MS (see comments below). Reported for VA in FNA; documentation needing verification.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis palustris	Common Spikerush, Small's Spikerush	Marshes.	NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to FL, TX, CA, and Mexico; Eurasia.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis parvula	Dwarf Spikerush, Small Spikerush	Tidal brackish and freshwater marshes, inland salt marshes, shallow waters of managed impoundments.	NS, NL (Newfoundland), and MI south to c. peninsular FL and LA; BC south to CA; Mexico, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis quadrangulata	Squarestem Spikerush	Pools, marshes.	MA west to ON and MI, south to n. FL and TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis quinqueflora		Fens, meadows, and seeps.	NL and AK south to NJ, PA, OH, IN, IL, NE, NM, AZ, and CA; Eurasia.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis radicans	Rooting Spikerush	Interdune ponds, seeps, bogs.	Widely scattered in North America; n. Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis ravenelii	Rio Grande Spikerush	Seasonal wetlands, ditches.	S. TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis retroflexa		Moist areas.	S. AL (probably a ballast waif, collected in Mobile and Baldwin counties by Mohr in 1896); Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, tropical Asia, Australia. More populations could be found (or redetermined) from the Gulf Coastal Plain.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis reverchonii	Reverchon's Spikerush	Open wet areas.	Endemic to TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis robbinsii	Robbins’s Spikerush	Quiet waters of limesink (doline) ponds, natural lakes, millponds and semipermanent impoundments.	NS and NB west to ON, south to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999); also near the Great Lakes, from NY west to IN, WI, and MN.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis rostellata	Beaked Spikerush	Brackish and freshwater tidal marshes, sea-level fens; saline soils inland. Calcareous fens northward.	ME, ON, and BC south to FL, TX, CA, and Mexico; West Indies. Reported for WV (Harmon, Ford-Werntz, & Grafton 2006).
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis tenuis var. pseudoptera		Bogs, seepages, margins of wooded swamps.	NS, QC and IN south to NC and nw. GA; disjunct in s. IL.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis tenuis var. tenuis	Slender Spikerush, Kill-cow	Bogs, marshes.	NS and QC south to NC and s. AL.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis tortilis	Twisted Spikerush	Wet pine savannas, Coastal Plain seepage bogs, seeps, pocosin ecotones. In Coastal Plain-like seepages in the Ridge and Valley province, and rarely in high elevation mixed herbaceous and swamp seepage habitats in the mountains.	NJ south to FL, west to TX, inland to sw. NC, ne. GA, w. TN, and AR. recently discovered in Rabun County, GA (Melanie Flood, pers. comm., 2022) in a high elevation (ca. 1700 ft) seepage with Acer rubrum and Platanthera clavellata. It is generally uncommon to rare outside of the Coastal Plain.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis tricostata	Three-angle Spikerush	Wet pine savannas, natural depression ponds, clay-based Carolina bays.	MA, NY, and MI south to FL, AL, and MS.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis tuberculosa	Large-tubercled Spikerush	Bogs, savannas, acidic seeps, ditches.	NS south to FL, west to TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis uniglumis		Brackish marshes.	NL (Newfoundland) to NC, along the coast; as interpreted broadly (including E. halophila) E. uniglumis also occurs in Eurasia.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis verrucosa		Bogs and seeps.	NJ, PA, WI, and s. SD south to GA, a. AL, s. MS, s. LA, and se. TX.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis vivipara	Viviparous Spikerush	Coastal Plain ponds, small depression ponds, semipermanent impoundment ponds, beaver ponds.	NC south to FL, west to TX. Apparently disjunct in Cherokee (Whetstone 15348, JSU) and Jackson (K.R. Brodeur 2123, JSU) counties, Alabama. The latter specimen contains ovoid spikelets with spiraled scales, which matches this species; however, I have not seen achenes to confirm if the surfaces are honeycomb-reticulate (Ward, personal observation). Otherwise, this species occurs almost exclusively in the southeastern coastal plain, particularly in coastal plain ponds. The disjunct inland records should be investigated further.
Cyperaceae	Eleocharis wolfii	Wolf’s Spikerush	Oak flatwoods, shallow ephemeral pools on granitic flatrocks, prairies.	OH, WI, MN, and ND south to GA, AL, TN, LA, and TX. Known from two counties in VA (Fairfax, Pittsylvania) and from a single record in Cabarrus County, NC. Both areas of the mid-Atlantic represent disjunctions of a more midwesterly-distributed species.

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