| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agavaceae | Agavaceae | Agave Family |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Agavaceae | Agave | Century Plant, Maguey |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Agavaceae | Agave americana ssp. americana | Century-plant, Maguey | Sandy desert scrub, disturbed areas, dunes, spread weakly from cultivation. | Native of Mexico and s. Texas, and rarely escaping in e. Texas east to s. Florida and north to s. North Carolina. |  (c) Campbell, Kyle - CC-BY-ND |
| Agavaceae | Agave americana ssp. protamericana | Wild Century-plant | Sandy desert scrub. | Native to ne. Mexico; it is only known in the wild in our region from Starr County, Texas. |  (c) González, Ma. Eugenia Mendiola - CC-BY-SA |
| Agavaceae | Agave angustifolia | Century Plant | Disturbed sandy areas, hammocks, and dunes. | Native of Mexico and Central America, escaped in peninsular Florida.. |  (c) Botswanabugs - CC0 |
| Agavaceae | Agave asperrima ssp. asperrima | Rough Agave, Maguey Cenizo | Desert scrub. | S. Texas and n. Mexico. | |
| Agavaceae | Agave decipiens | Florida Agave, False-sisal | Shell middens and coastal hammocks, rockland hammocks, coastal rock barrens, often persisting as small understory plants vegetatively until tree-fall gaps stimulate flowering. | Endemic to s. peninsular Florida. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Agavaceae | Agave desmetiana | Dwarf Century-plant | Sandy soils in hammocks and along roadsides. | Native to Mexico, introduced in peninsular Florida. |  (c) - CC0 |
| Agavaceae | Agave havardiana | ||||
| Agavaceae | Agave lophantha | Thorn-crested Agave | Sandy and sandy loam desert flats or disturbed areas near habitations. | S. Texas south to c. Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), occasionally cultivated and rarely escaping outside its native range (E. Keith, pers. comm.). | |
| Agavaceae | Agave sisalana | Sisal, Sisal-hemp | Coastal hammocks and dunes, and other disturbed areas. | Native of Mexico, introduced in peninsular Florida. |  (c) Shaw, Joey |
| Agavaceae | Agave weberi | Small’s Agave, Wild Century-plant | Sandy scrub (in s. TX) and shell middens and coastal thickets (in peninsular FL); apparently introduced from Mexico in both areas. | Native to Mexico; introduced in s. Texas and peninsular Florida. |  (c) alessandradalia - CC-BY-SA |
| Agavaceae | Camassia | Wild Hyacinth, Quamash Lily, Camas Lily |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Agavaceae | Camassia angusta | Prairie Camas | Mesic upland prairies, oak savannas, rocky woodlands. | Wc. Indiana, Illinois, e. Iowa south through Missouri, e. Kansas, c. and w. Arkansas, Oklahoma to se. and c. Texas. This species is very rare in Texas and overreported because of misidentifications of C. scilloides. |  (c) Aaron, Nathan |
| Agavaceae | Camassia scilloides | Wild Hyacinth, Quamash Lily, Eastern Camas Lily | Circumneutral prairies, oak savannas, calcareous glades, woodlands, and forests; eastwards relictual and scattered in circumneutral soils, in GA, VA, and WV on limestone, in NC on slopes and natural levees in rich alluvium along the Roanoke River, in SC over gabbro. | W. Pennsylvania and s. Ontario west to s. Wisconsin and e. Kansas, south to nw. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988) and Texas, nearly entirely west of the Blue Ridge, with only a few disjunct occurrences in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Agavaceae | Camassia species 1 | ||||
| Agavaceae | Chlorophytum | Spider-plant |  (c) Diamond, Alvin - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Agavaceae | Chlorophytum comosum | Spider-plant, Airplane-plant | Suburban woodlands. | Native of s. Africa. Weakly naturalized in s. Alabama (Diamond 2014), Florida, South Carolina, and se. Texas (E. Keith, pers. comm., 2024), and probably more generally in the southern portions of our region. |  (c) Doby, Joshua - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Agavaceae | Echeandia | Crag-lily, Echeandia |  (c) johnyochum - CC-BY | ||
| Agavaceae | Echeandia chandleri | Lila de los Llanos | Chaparral, thickets, prairies; nonsaline clay in coastal prairie grassland remnants and among shrubs or in unshaded openings in subtropical woodlands or shrublands, saline clay of lomas (clay dunes that form elevated landforms within a matrix of tidal flats); locally frequent on slightly saline clay dunes at the mouth of the Rio Grande" (Carr 2016; Poole et al. 2007). | S. Texas near the coast (Cameron, Kleberg, and Nueces counties); apparently also in ne. Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas), though some of these records may be based on misidentification of other Echeandia species. | |
| Agavaceae | Echeandia flavescens | Torrey's Crag-lily | Grassy openings in juniper woodlands. | C. Texas west to New Mexico and Arizona, south into Mexico; n. South America. This species is very rare in c. Texas and known from only one location within our region (Diggs et al. 2006). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Echeandia texensis | Texas Crag-lily | Clay dunes, llanos; "among shrubs or in grassy openings in subtropical thorn shrublands on somewhat saline clay of lomas along the Gulf Coast near the mouth of the Rio Grande" (Carr 2016). | Known only from Cameron Co. in s. Texas and one 1939 collection from San Luis Potosí, Mexico (Poole et al. 2007). |  (c) johnyochum - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Furcraea | Sisal |  (c) Stuart - CC0 | ||
| Agavaceae | Furcraea foetida | Mauritius-hemp | Rockland hammocks, beach dunes, and other dry, disturbed areas near old homesites, establishing from horticultural use. | Native of tropical America; widely introduced throughout the tropics worldwide, rarely escaped in s. peninsular Florida. This species is cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions as a fiber and textile product, and as an ornamental plant. | (c) Stuart - CC0 |
| Agavaceae | Furcraea hexapetala | "Another ornamental in cultivation; may persist in old sites" (Long & Lakela (1976). | |||
| Agavaceae | Furcraea selloa | Wild Sisal | Dry, disturbed areas near old homesites. | Native of Colombia; introduced in Central America and Mexico, rarely escaped in peninsular Florida. |  (c) elawrey - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Hesperaloe | Hesperaloe |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Agavaceae | Hesperaloe engelmannii | Engelmann's Red Hesperaloe | Gravelly limestone or sandy soil in shrublands and oak-juniper woodlands, also sometimes cultivated. | Endemic to Texas. | |
| Agavaceae | Hesperaloe parviflora ssp. parviflora | Red Hesperaloe, Red-flowered Yucca | Rocky limestone soils in grasslands, shrublands and oak-juniper woodlands; also frequently used horticulturally | Texas and adjacent Mexico, occasionally escaping cultivation in e. Texas. This species is frequently cultivated but is rare in the wild where it naturally occurs in the western portion of c. Texas. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Agavaceae | Hosta | Hosta, Plantain-lily |  (c) ND, Felix - CC-BY | ||
| Agavaceae | Hosta lancifolia | Narrowleaf Plantain-lily | Widely planted as a shade ornamental, rarely persistent; ‘native’ of Japan (but probably only of garden origin). | Reported as naturalizing in Arkansas (Serviss & Peck 2016), and also rarely escaping in Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and probably elsewhere. |  (c) andrey_belechov - CC-BY-NC |
| Agavaceae | Hosta plantaginea | Fragrant Plantain-lily | Widely planted as a shade ornamental, rarely persistent. | Native of China; rarely escaping from cultivation in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and likely elsewhere. |  (c) ND, Felix - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Hosta ventricosa | Blue Plantain-lily | Widely planted as a shade ornamental and occasionally escaping in disturbed areas. | Native of China; rarely escaping throughout the northeastern portion of our area southward and westward to Arkansas and North Carolina, also reported for Alabama by Diamond (2014). |  (c) Allison - CC0 |
| Agavaceae | Manfreda | Tube-rose, Spice-lily, Amole Plant, Huaco, American-aloe |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Agavaceae | Manfreda longiflora | Runyon's Huaco, St. Joseph's Staff | Gravelly slopes in thorn shrublands dominated by Vachellia rigidula and on saline clay flats in low succulent shrublands dominated by Varilla texana (Carr 2016). | S. Texas and ne Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). |  (c) Hernández, Alexis López - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Manfreda maculosa | Texas Tube-rose, Spice-lily, Amole Plant, Huaco | Open areas in shrublands and mesquital. | S. Texas south to ne. Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Manfreda sileri | Major Siler's Tube-rose, Major Siler's Huaco | In a variety of grasslands and shrublands, often in the shade of Vachellia rigidula. | S. and sc. Texas (Bexar, Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr and Webb counties) to ne. Mexico (Tamaulipas). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Manfreda variegata | Mottled Tube-rose, Huaco, Amole | Rocky slopes and chaparral. | S. Texas south into c. Mexico. |  (c) johnyochum - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Manfreda virginica ssp. lata | Broadleaf False-aloe, Blackland False-aloe | Mostly in clay Vertisols of blackland prairie sites (Carr 2016). | S. Oklahoma south to ne. Texas; "endemic to the Cross Timbers and Southern Tallgrass Prairie Ecoregion of North Texas and adjacent Oklahoma" (Carr 2016). |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Agavaceae | Manfreda virginica ssp. virginica | Eastern Agave, Rattlesnake-master, Eastern False-aloe | Granite flatrocks, diabase glades, limestone and dolomite barrens and glades, xeric woodlands over mafic or calcareous rocks, prairies, sandhill woodlands, open pine forests, dry roadbanks. | E. South Carolina, c. North Carolina, sw. Virginia, w. West Virginia, s. Ohio, s. Indiana, s. Illinois, and c. Missouri south to c. peninsular Florida and Texas. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Agavaceae | Schoenolirion | Sunnybell |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Agavaceae | Schoenolirion albiflorum | White Sunnybell | Wet pinelands, cypress depressions, Hypericum depressions, wet pine savannas, and hammocks. | E. Georgia south to s. Florida. This species is rare in se. Georgia but is relatively common along the Atlantic Coast, southern peninsula, and disjunct westward to the Forgotten Coast region of Florida. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Agavaceae | Schoenolirion croceum | Yellow Sunnybell | Wet pine savannas, bogs, seepage slopes, seepages on granite flatrocks, limestone glades. | South Carolina (and apparently North Carolina) south to ne. Florida, west to se. Texas; and in c. Tennessee (Chester et al. 1993). The occurrence in North Carolina in "wet pinelands" in Richmond County referred to in RAB has not been relocated or further documented. This species is very localized on limestone outcrops in c. Tennessee and n. Alabama, sandstone outcrops of the Alabama plateau region, granite outcrops of the Georgia and Carolina Piedmont, Selma chalk outcrops in w. Alabama, and wet pinelands and boggy areas in more southern and western parts of its range. All of these habitats are very wet in spring and often very dry in summer. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Agavaceae | Schoenolirion wrightii | Texas Sunnybell | Saline prairies, seepage over sandstone, Catahoula barrens; "rocky barrens in the Post Oak region near College Station, with a few disjunct populations on the Catahoula Formation of southeast Texas" (Carr 2016). This species occurs in habitats similar to those of S. croceum in the Alabama plateau region and in the western part of its range. | Se. Arkansas and w. Louisiana west to e. Texas; disjunct eastward in ne. Alabama. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Agavaceae | Yucca | Yucca, Adam's-needle, Rock-lily |  (c) Stuart, Will | ||
| Agavaceae | Yucca aloifolia | Spanish Dagger, Pite (frc) | Dunes; also cultivated and persisting for decades at old homesteads, dump sites, and along railroads. | Se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to se. Texas; Bahamas; also in s. Mexico (Villaseñor 2016). | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Agavaceae | Yucca arkansana | Arkansas Yucca | Glades, exposed bluffs, dry woodlands, prairies, river scour, dry, open habitats. | S. Missouri and se. Kansas south through Arkansas and Oklahoma to s. Texas. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Agavaceae | Yucca carrii | Carr's Yucca | Coastal prairies, sometimes brackish, mima mound edges, chenier plain woodlands. | Coastal areas of se. Texas (Brazoria, Chambers, Galveston, Harris, Matagorda counties). |  © Thomas Adams |
| Agavaceae | Yucca cernua | Weeping Yucca | Acidic clay soils, in prairie openings in and along margins of pine-hardwood forests, and adjacent rights-of-way primarily over Redco Soil Series | Endemic to e. Texas (Hardin, Jasper, & Newton counties) and w. Louisiana (Vernon Parish) (Singhurst et al. 2022). |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Agavaceae | Yucca constricta | Buckley's Yucca | Limestone outcrops, granitic soils, openings in shrublands, and rocky prairies. | Texas (and perhaps Mexico). |  (c) Weakley, Alan - CC0 |
| Agavaceae | Yucca filamentosa | Curlyleaf Yucca, Spoonleaf Yucca | Woodlands, forests, dunes, sandhills, roadsides, disturbed areas. Wooded margins of granite flatrocks and similar fire-shadow sites in sandhills. Also occasionally in coastal grasslands. | S. New Jersey south to Georgia, west to Mississippi; escaped from cultivation over a broader area of e. United States. | (c) Stuart, Will |
| Agavaceae | Yucca flaccida | Weakleaf Yucca | Thin soils around rock outcrops, woodlands, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Sw. Virginia, c. North Carolina and Tennessee south to s. Florida and Alabama; cultivated and rarely escaping westward, especially as variegated forms. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Agavaceae | Yucca freemanii | Freeman's Yucca | Usually sandy soils in open pine and pine-hardwood forests with herbaceous understories. | Ne. Texas, nw. Louisiana, and se. Arkansas (Miller County). |  © Sonnia Hill |
| Agavaceae | Yucca gigantea | Spineless Yucca, Guatemalan Yucca | Urban and suburban areas, persisting from plantings, rarely establishing from discarded parts. | Native of s. Mexico and Central America. Yucca gigantea is commonly used horticulturally, especially in Florida and along the Gulf Coast, and long persists from cultivation in situations where it is not obvious that it was planted. | |
| Agavaceae | Yucca glauca | Soapweed Yucca | Calcareous shale barrens, loess hill prairies, other prairies. | North Dakota, Montana, and Alberta south to Iowa, se. Missouri, c. Oklahoma, nw. Texas, and s. New Mexico. Yucca glauca has the most extensive distribution of any North American Yucca. Records from east of c. Oklahoma are misidentification of Y. arkansana. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Agavaceae | Yucca gloriosa | Mound-lily Yucca, Spanish Bayonet | Dunes, shell middens, also regularly cultivated and often persistent or weakly escaped around old homesites inland. | E. North Carolina (Dare County) south to ne. Florida and w. peninsular Florida (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008). Populations in se. Virginia may be escapes from cultivation but occur in natural or semi-natural habitats similar to native occurrences in nearby ne. North Carolina and may represent native occurrences (Virginia Botanical Associates 2019). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Agavaceae | Yucca harrimaniae | ||||
| Agavaceae | Yucca louisianensis | Louisiana Yucca | Dry woodlands and barrens with sandy soil, such as longleaf pine and shortleaf pine woodlands, sandstone outcrops, post oak woodlands, sandy inclusions in prairies, and openings in shrublands (in s. TX). | S. Arkansas and s. Oklahoma south to w. Louisiana and e. Texas; reported in e. Louisiana and s. Mississippi. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Agavaceae | Yucca necopina | Glen Rose Yucca, Brazos River Yucca | Sandy soils and occasionally limestone outcrops (Poole et al. 2007). | Endemic to nc. Texas. |  © Sonnia Hill |
| Agavaceae | Yucca pallida | Pale Yucca | Limestone outcrops, rocky prairies. | Endemic to c. and nc. Texas. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Agavaceae | Yucca recurva | Curve-leaf Yucca | Dunes, dry sandy soils, flatwoods, upland forests, disturbed areas; widely cultivated. | Georgia (or North Carolina and South Carolina?) and Panhandle Florida west to w. Louisiana; cultivated and escaping in e. Texas but possibly native to dune habitats along se. Texas coast occupying habitats similar to its native range eastward. |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Agavaceae | Yucca rupicola | Twist-leaf Yucca | Oak-juniper woodlands, grasslands, and outcrops on limestone soils. | Edwards Plateau, just extending into the Blackland Prairie region on limestone; also ne. Mexico. | |
| Agavaceae | Yucca tenuistyla | Sandy coastal prairie, shrublands, and secondary dunes. | Endemic to se. Texas in Austin, Brazoria, Galveston, and Waller Cos. | ||
| Agavaceae | Yucca torreyi | Torrey's Yucca | C. and se. Texas and c. New Mexico south to n. Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |
| Agavaceae | Yucca treculiana | Spanish-dagger, Trécul’s Yucca, Palma Pita | Brushland, grasslands, and scrub. | E. and c. Texas, s. New Mexico, and s. Arizona south to Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz). |  © Bruce Sorrie |