| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apocynaceae | Allamanda |  (c) Haridas, Sindhu - CC-BY | |||
| Apocynaceae | Allamanda cathartica | Golden-trumpet, Brownbud Allamanda | Dry disturbed areas, disturbed hammocks, dunes, abandoned citrus groves. | Native of ne. South America. |  (c) scrofa, Sus - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Allamanda schottii | Bush Allamanda | Disturbed areas. | Native of South America (Brazil). | (c) Haridas, Sindhu - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Alstonia |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |||
| Apocynaceae | Alstonia macrophylla | Deviltree | Rockland hammocks, disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. See Wetterer & Calicchio (2024) for details on increasing naturalization in s. FL. |  (c) plantboyofsingapore - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Alstonia scholaris | Dita, White Cheesewood, Pali-mara, Blackboard Tree | Coastal hardwood hammocks, wet or moist disturbed areas. | Native of Asia and Australia. |  (c) Crawford, Andrew J. - CC0 |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia | Bluestars |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia ciliata | Sandhill Bluestar | Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry woodlands and openings. | Se. NC south to c. peninsular FL, west to c. and s. AL; curiously disjunct in the Ozark-Ouachita highlands of sc. MO, w. AR, and se. OK; material from sc. and w. OK and TX sometimes included in A. ciliata is here considered a separate species, A. texana (A. Gray) Heller. |  (c) Peterson, Jennifer |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia glaberrima | Gulf Bluestar, Pond Bluestar | Seasonally flooded depression wetlands and moist pinelands. | S. AL, s. MS, s. LA, and se. TX. |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia hubrichtii | Hubricht's Bluestar | Gravel bars along streams. | Endemic to the Interior Highlands of AR and OK. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia illustris | Ozark Bluestar, Shining Bluestar | Gravel bars along streams, glades and upland woodlands. | MO and KS south to AR, OK, and TX. Reported for the Coastal Plain of KY, plausible as native there, but perhaps introduced. |  (c) Aaron, Nathan |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia ludoviciana | Louisiana Bluestar | Mesic forests and woodlands. | So far as is known, endemic to LA, MS, and e. TX (Doffitt et al. 2014); not native or naturalized in SC, contrary to Kartesz (1999). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia repens | Creeping Bluestar | Prairies. | W. LA west to ec. TX and e. OK (approaching sw. AR). |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia rigida | Stiff Bluestar, Pond Bluestar | Seasonally flooded depression wetlands and moist pinelands. | S. GA to n. peninsular FL, west to s. MS. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia salicifolia | Gattinger's Bluestar | Rich forests, rocky forests, riverside scours. | IL, MO, and se. KS south to (?) ne. TX, and apparently disjunct in the Interior Low Plateau of sc. KY, c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), and in n. GA. |  (c) Estes, Dwayne - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia salpignantha | Trumpet Slimpod, Tubular Bluestar | Limestone hills. | Eastern edge of Edwards Plateau, TX, west to e. Trans-Pecos, TX, and south into CHH. |  (c) Wong, Michelle |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia species 2 | Lithonia Bluestar | Open woodlands around outcrops of Lithonia granitic gneiss. | Endemic to GA Piedmont. | |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia species 3 | Wet habitats. | AL, and MS (Black Belt). |  © Dakota Parish | |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia tabernaemontana | Wideleaf Blue-stars | Floodplain forests, moist, rich slope forests. | Se. VA west to s. IL, MO, and KS, south to GA, LA, e. OK, and TX. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Amsonia texana | Texas Bluestar | Dry woodlands, prairies, rocky hillsides and ridges. | OK south to TX. |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Apocynaceae | Dogbane Family |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Apocynaceae | Apocynum | Dogbane, Indian-hemp |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Apocynaceae | Apocynum androsaemifolium | Spreading Dogbane | Forests, woodlands, prairies, flood-scour, roadsides, pastures. | NL (Newfoundland) to BC south to w. NC, nw. SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]), c. GA, TX, AZ, and n. Mexico (CHH, COA, SON). | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Apocynum cannabinum | Hemp Dogbane, Indian-hemp | Forests, woodlands, roadsides, pastures. | QC, MB, and WA south to FL, TX, CA, and c. Mexico. |  (c) Gwaltney, John |
| Apocynaceae | Apocynum floribundum | Forests, woodlands, roadsides, pastures. | NF (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to GA, TX, CA, and Mexico (CHH, NLE). |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Apocynaceae | Apocynum sibiricum | Clasping-leaved Dogbane | Forests, woodlands, riverside scour areas, roadsides, pastures. | NL (Newfoundland) and BC south to e. VA, w. VA, WV, and MO; ne. Asia. A. sibiricum var. cordigerum has been found in Kent County, MD (Steury, Tyndall, & Cooley 1996). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Araujia |  (c) Hammer, Roger L. | |||
| Apocynaceae | Araujia odorata | Latex-vine, Strangler-plant | Disturbed areas. | Native of Brazil. Naturalized north at least to Marion and Volusia counties. | (c) Hammer, Roger L. |
| Apocynaceae | Araujia sericifera | White Bladderflower | Disturbed areas. | Native of South America. |  (c) Frumkin, Ron - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias | Milkweed |  (c) Stuart, Will | ||
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias amplexicaulis | Clasping Milkweed, Sand Milkweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, barrens, sandy prairies, other dry woodlands of various types. | NH and NY west to MN, IA, and KS, south to c. peninsular. FL, west to e. TX. | (c) Stuart, Will |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias arenaria | Sand Milkweed | Sandy upland prairies, other sandy open areas. | SD and se. WY south to TX, NM, and n. Mexico (CHH, DGO). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias asperula ssp. capricornu | Spider Antelope-horn | Rocky or sandy prairies. | Sc. NE south through KS and OK to sc. TX and NM. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias cinerea | Ashy Milkweed, "Carolina Milkweed" | Pine savannas. | E. SC south to n. peninsular FL, west to Panhandle FL and se. AL. Previous report of this species for NC and ne. SC was based on a misdetermined specimen of A. michauxii. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias connivens | Largeflower Milkweed | Wet pine flatwoods, seepage bogs. | Se. SC (McMillan et al. 2002) south to s. FL, west to w. FL Panhandle (Santa Rosa County) and s. AL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias curassavica | Scarlet Milkweed, Bloodflower | Ditches, disturbed areas; often cultivated, naturalizing (southwards in our region) and persistent as short-lived strays (northwards). | Native of tropical America, cultivated as an ornamental, naturalized in FL and persistent and naturalizing northwards (see, e.g., Bradley et al. [in prep.]). Kartesz (2020) reports it for e. TN; this and other northern reports far inland and off the Coastal Plain are likely of plants only shortly persistent from cultivation. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias curtissii | Curtiss’s Milkweed | Florida scrub. | Endemic to FL, from Clay County south to s. peninsular FL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias emoryi | Emory's Milkweed | Sandy prairies. | C. TX south to s. TX and adjacent ne. Mexico (COA, DGO, NLE, SLP, TAM). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias engelmanniana | Engelmann's Milkweed | Prairies, other open habitats, over calcareous substrates. | W. IA, NE, and WY south to sc. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (COA, DGO, SON). |  (c) Joseph, Aubert - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias exaltata | Tall Milkweed, Poke Milkweed | Moist forests, slopes, and forest margins. | ME and s. ON west to MN and IA, south to n. GA, n. AL (Schotz 2009). e. and c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), KY, and IL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias feayi | Feay’s Milkweed, Florida Milkweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, scrubby pine flatwoods. | Endemic to FL, from Clay County south to s. peninsular FL (Collier County). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias hirtella | Green Milkweed, Barrens Milkweed, Prairie Milkweed | Prairies (on loamy or clayey soils), sub-calcareous hardwood flatwoods. | MI, WI, and MN south to w. WV (Mason County), KY, e. TN (Bradley County) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), nw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), AR, w. LA, and e. TX. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias humistrata | Fleshy Milkweed, Sandhill Milkweed, Pinkveined Milkweed | Longleaf pine sandhills and Florida scrub, open sandy areas, coastal strand. | E. NC south to s. FL, west to e. LA. |  (c) Stuart, Will |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata | Western Swamp Milkweed | Swamps, marshes, especially over calcareous substrates, such as limestone or calcareous shale. | ME and s. QC west to MB, south to VA, s. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), AR, TX, and CO; disjunct in TX, NM, and UT. |  (c) Dakar, Jacob |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias incarnata ssp. pulchra | Eastern Swamp Milkweed | Marshes, bogs, swamps. | NS and ME south to e. NC, w. SC, GA, and e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), and s. FL. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias lanceolata | Few-flowered Milkweed, Smooth Orange Milkweed | Swamps, fresh to slightly brackish marshes, wet pine savannas. | NJ south to s. FL, west to e. TX. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias latifolia | Broadleaf Milkweed, Cornkernel Milkweed | Prairies, calcareous breaks. | NE, CO, UT, and CA south to c. TX, w. TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias linearis | Slim Milkweed | Dry prairies. | Nc. TX south to s. TX. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias longifolia | Longleaf Milkweed, Savanna Milkweed | Wet pine savannas. | DE (formerly) south to s. FL, west to e. LA. |  (c) Griffith, Floyd A. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias meadii | Mead's Milkweed | Upland prairies over limestone, igneous glades. | Nw. IN, n. IL, sw. WI south to s. IL, s. MO, and e. KS. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias michauxii | Michaux's Milkweed | Pine savannas. | Se. NC south to peninsular FL, west to e. LA. The 1961 collection documenting this species for NC was variously misdetermined until recently as A. cinerea or A. longifolia. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias obovata | Pineland Milkweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, other woodlands and savannas. | E. SC south to Panhandle FL, west to AR, e. OK, and e. TX. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias oenotheroides | Sidecluster Milkweed, Hierba de Zizotes, Matacoyote | Sandy or rocky calcareous prairies, other dry habitats. | OK, s. CO, and s. AZ south to Mexico and Central America. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias pedicellata | Stalked Milkweed, Savanna Milkweed | Dry longleaf pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods. | Se. NC south to s. FL and Panhandle FL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias perennis | Smoothseed Milkweed, Swamp-forest Milkweed, Aquatic Milkweed | Cypress-gum swamps, bottomland hardwood forests, marshes. | Se. NC south to c. peninsular FL, west to e. TX, north in the interior to s. IN and s. IL. |  (c) Davis, Scott Allen - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias prostrata | Prostrate Milkweed | "Sparse early-successional vegetation on loamy fine sands and fine sandy loams" (Carr 2016). | S. TX (Tamaulipan Plain: Starr and Zapata counties) and ne. Mexico (TAM). |  © Adam Black |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias pumila | Low Milkweed | Calcareous prairies, other grasslands. | ND and MT south to c. OK, Panhandle TX, and NM. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias purpurascens | Purple Milkweed | Openings in moist bottomlands and swamp forests, prairies and meadows (rich, wet to mesic), woodlands, perhaps mostly on soils derived from mafic or calcareous rocks. | NH and s. ON west to WI, IA, and KS, south to NC, nw. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), ne. AL (Keener et al. 2024), KY, AR, and OK. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias quadrifolia | Fourleaf Milkweed, Whorled Milkweed | Moist to dryish forests and forest margins, most common on mafic and calcareous substrates. | NH and NY west to IN, south to NC, n. GA, n. AL, and c. TN; also from w. IL west to MO, south to AR and OK. |  (c) Stuart, Will |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias rubra | Purple Savanna Milkweed, "Red Milkweed" | Pocosin ecotones, wet pine savannas, seepage bogs in longleaf pine sandhills, seepage swamps. | Se. NY (Long Island), se. PA, and NJ south to wc. GA and w. Panhandle FL, west to e. TX. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias speciosa | Showy Milkweed | Floodplains and margins of streams and lakes, moist prairies, weedy in disturbed areas. | MN west to BC, south to c. OK, n. TX, NM, AZ, and CA. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias stenophylla | Narrowleaf Milkweed | Dry calcareous prairies, glades. | W. IL, se. MN, s. SD, se. MT, south to n. AR, wc. LA, e. TX, OK, and n. NM. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias subverticillata | Horsetail Milkweed, Poison Milkweed | Prairies, disturbed areas. | Native from w. KS, s. WY, s. ID south to w. TX, NM, AZ, and s. Mexico; reported scattered occurrences eastwards of that area are either definitely introductions as waifs (MO), possibly so (nc. TX, se. TX, s. TX), or possibly misidentifications. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias sullivantii | Prairie Milkweed, Sullivant's Milkweed | Calcareous prairies, riverbanks, bottomlands. | ON, MI, Wim MN, and e. ND south to sc. OH, s. IN, s. IL, MO, and OK. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias syriaca | Common Milkweed | Prairies, floodplains, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas. | NB and ME west to s. MB and ND, south to SC, GA, c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), AR, OK, and KS, the southern range expansion recent. This species is apparently expanding its range southward; see Wyatt et al. (1993) and Wyatt (1996) for discussion. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias texana | Texas Milkweed | Rocky hillsides. | C. TX; w. TX to n. Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, SLP). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias tomentosa | Sandhill Milkweed, Velvetleaf Milkweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, oak scrubs, drier pine flatwoods, coastal dunes. | Sc. NC south to s. FL, west to FL panhandle; disjunct in e. TX. The curious distribution is mapped and discussed by Sorrie (2016). The se. AL record (Kral 31980) has been corrected to A. obovata (B. Sorrie, pers. comm.; 2024). |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias tuberosa var. 1 [=terminalis] | Western Butterflyweed | Prairies. | SD, CO, s. UT south to e. TX, s. TX, s. NM, s. AZ, and Mexico (TAM, NLE, COA, CHH, and SON). | |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias tuberosa var. 2 | Scrub Butterflyweed | Florida scrub. | Endemic in c. FL peninsula. |  © Tyler Radtke |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias tuberosa var. cordata | Midwestern Butterflyweed | Dry forests, roadbanks. | QC, ON, MN, SD, CO, UT, and CA south to PA, WV, KY, TN, and AL. |  (c) Davis, Scott Allen - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias tuberosa var. rolfsii | Sandhill Butterflyweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry, sandy habitats. | Se. VA south to s. FL, west to s. MS. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias tuberosa var. tuberosa | Eastern Butterflyweed | Woodland margins, roadsides, pastures. | S. NH west to OH, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias variegata | White Milkweed, Redring Milkweed | Upland forests and woodlands. | CT west to OH, s. IN, s. IL, se. MO, and se. OK, south to Panhandle FL, LA, and e. TX. |  (c) Parkins, Grant Morrow |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias verticillata | Whorled Milkweed | Barrens, thin soils of rock outcrops (especially mafic or calcareous rocks), prairies, open woodlands, longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, road and powerline rights-of-way. | E. MA west to ND and MB, south to s. FL, TX, NM, and AZ. |  (c) Stuart, Will |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias viridiflora | Glade Milkweed, Green Milkweed | Open woodlands, woodland edges, barrens, glades, especially over mafic or calcareous rocks, and also in disturbed areas. | CT west to s. ON, MB, ND, and MT, south to NC, SC, GA, Panhandle FL, AL, LA, TX, n. Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, NLE), NM, and AZ. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias viridis | Green Antelope-horn, Spider Milkweed | Prairies, dry woodlands, calcareous hammocks, pine rocklands (s. FL). | S. SC south to s. FL, west to TX; and from OH, w. WV, and KY west to NE, south to se. TN, c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), nw. GA, c. AL, c. MS, AR, TX, and OK. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Asclepias viridula | Bog Milkweed, Little Green Milkweed, Southern Milkweed | Wet longleaf pine savannas and flatwoods, seepage slopes, pitcherplant bogs. | Ne. FL; se. AL (Houston County) south to Panhandle FL; no records exist for GA. |  (c) Griffith, Floyd A. |
| Apocynaceae | Calotropis |  (c) Busque-Dubois, Marilyne - CC-BY | |||
| Apocynaceae | Calotropis procera | Roostertree, Giant Milkweed, Wild Cottondown, St. Thomas-bush | Disturbed areas. | Native of Africa and Asia. Collected only twice near Apollo Beach in Tampa Bay (Hillsborough County, FL; Wunderlin et al. 2024). | (c) Busque-Dubois, Marilyne - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Carissa |  (c) Burger, Margaret - CC-BY-SA | |||
| Apocynaceae | Carissa macrocarpa | Natal-plum | Disturbed uplands. | Native of s. Africa. | (c) Burger, Margaret - CC-BY-SA |
| Apocynaceae | Catharanthus | Rosy-periwinkle |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Apocynaceae | Catharanthus roseus | Rosy-periwinkle, Madagascar Periwinkle, Cayenne Jasmine | Disturbed areas, northwards only persistent after cultivation or as a waif or "throw-out" after cultivation. | Native of Madagascar, now a pantropical weed. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Chthamalia | Trailing Milkvine |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Apocynaceae | Chthamalia biflora | Star Milkvine, Two-flowered Milkvine | Grasslands and woodlands. | OK south to se. TX. wc. TX, se. NM. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Apocynaceae | Chthamalia brevicoronata | Shortcrown Milkvine | In grasslands on tight sandy or silty substrates of woodlands, thornscrub, and fields in the lower Rio Grande Plain. | S. TX (Brooks, Duval, Hidalgo, Kenedy, Starr, Webb, and Zapata counties). | |
| Apocynaceae | Chthamalia cynanchoides | Prairie Milkvine | Dry sandy woodlands, openings, and edges. | Sw. AR and OK south to nw. LA and e. TX. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Apocynaceae | Chthamalia parviflora | Smallflower Milkvine | Dunes, oak mottes, open sandy areas. | S. TX south to ne. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Chthamalia pubiflora | Trailing Milkvine, Sandhill Spinypod | Sand ridges, longleaf pine 'yellow sand' sandhills. | E. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) south to c. FL. | (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Chthamalia radiata | Falfurrias Milkvine | Thornscrub, in rocky and clayey soils on low hills or plains. | Endemic in s. TX (Rio Grande Plains) (Brooks, Hidalgo, and Starr counties). |  (c) Bentsen, Steve - CC-BY-NC |
| Apocynaceae | Cryptostegia | Rubbervine |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Apocynaceae | Cryptostegia grandiflora | Palay Rubbervine | Disturbed hammocks. | Native of Madagascar. |  (c) Botswanabugs - CC0 |
| Apocynaceae | Cryptostegia madagascariensis | Madagascar Rubbervine | Mangrove swamps, hydric hammocks, shell mounds, rockland hammocks. | Native of Madagascar. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Cynanchum | Swallow-wort |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Apocynaceae | Cynanchum laeve | Sandvine, Honeyvine, Bluevine | Bottomlands and disturbed areas. | Se. PA and KS south to sw. GA, Panhandle FL, and c. TX. The native vs. adventive portions of the distribution are difficult to determine; we here treat the distribution east of the Appalachians as likely introduced. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Apocynaceae | Cynanchum unifarium | Talayote | Scrubby thickets and forests, limestone woodlands. | Nc. and w. TX south through s. TX to s. Mexico. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Apocynaceae | Echites |  (c) Horn, Jay | |||
| Apocynaceae | Echites umbellatus | Devil’s-potato, Rubbervine | Coastal strand, marl prairies, pine rocklands, rockland hammocks, disturbed uplands. | S. FL; West Indies; s. Mexico, Central America, and South America. | (c) Horn, Jay |
| Apocynaceae | Funastrum | Twinevine, Milkweed-vine |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Apocynaceae | Funastrum clausum | White Twinevine | Hammocks, mangroves, marshes (salt or fresh), margins of swamps. | Peninsular FL; s. TX south through Mexico and Central America to South America. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Apocynaceae | Funastrum crispum | Wavyleaf Twinevine | Rocky woodlands. | OK, s. CO, n. AZ, and s. CA south to TX, NM, and c. Mexico. |  (c) saltyhiker - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Funastrum cynanchoides | Fringed Twinevine | Sandy or rocky areas. | AR, OK, TX, NM, and AZ, south to COA, CHH, and SON. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Gomphocarpus |  (c) Xharahi, Eridan - CC-BY | |||
| Apocynaceae | Gomphocarpus fruticosus | African Milkweed | Perhaps only cultivated, though with potential to establish in tropical portions of our region. | (c) Xharahi, Eridan - CC-BY | |
| Apocynaceae | Gonolobus | Anglepod |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Apocynaceae | Gonolobus suberosus var. granulatus | Western Anglepod | Streambanks, bottomlands. | C. KY, e. TN, nw. AL, and MS west to se. KS, c. OK, and c. TX. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Apocynaceae | Gonolobus suberosus var. suberosus | Eastern Anglepod | Mesic to wet forests and thickets. | E. MD south to s. peninsular FL, west to s. MS, inland to nw. GA and c. KY; disjunct in c. AR (Saline County). |  (c) Pyne, Milo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Gonolobus taylorianus | Cuchamper | Field edges and roadsides, other disturbed areas. | Native of Central America (Costa Rica to Guatemala). |  (c) Corder, Brandon |
| Apocynaceae | Leptadenia |  (c) Keith-Diagne, Lucy - CC-BY | |||
| Apocynaceae | Leptadenia lanceolata | Weedy canal banks, disturbed areas. | Native of Subsaharan Africa. | (c) Keith-Diagne, Lucy - CC-BY | |
| Apocynaceae | Mandevilla | Rocktrumpet |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY | ||
| Apocynaceae | Mandevilla lanuginosa | Plateau Rocktrumpet, Flor de San Juan | Dry rocky slopes in open areas or chaparral. | S. TX (Webb to Hidalgo cos.) south to NLE, TAM, e. COA, c. SLP, HID, and PUE. | (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea | Spinypod |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Apocynaceae | Matelea alabamensis | Alabama Milkvine, Alabama Spinypod | Open forests on river bluffs, mesic margins of sand ridges. | Sw. and apparently se. GA, Panhandle FL, and s. AL. | (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea baldwiniana | White Spinypod | Dry to mesic bluffs over calcareous rocks. | Panhandle FL and sw. GA west to MO, AR, OK, and TX (Singhurst & Holmes 2021). Verified for MS by John Kees (2022, pers.comm). |  (c) Witsell, Theo - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea carolinensis | Carolina Spinypod | Moist to dry, nutrient-rich forests. | DE, MD, KY, and s. MO south to GA and MS (and w. LA and e. TX?). |  (c) Vickers, Dan - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea decipiens | Deceptive Spinypod | Woodlands and thickets, generally over calcareous substrates. | S. IL, c. MO, and se. KS south to LA and e. TX. Previous reported distribution eastwards in VA south to nc. GA and ne. MS appears to represent variability within M. caroliniensis (Fishbein & McDonnell 2023). |  (c) Aaron, Nathan - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea edwardsensis | Plateau Milkvine | In juniper-oak woodlands. | Nc. and c. TX (Edwards Plateau and Lampasas Cutplain). |  © Sonnia Hill |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea flavidula | Yellow Spinypod | Moist, nutrient-rich forests. | E. SC south to Panhandle FL, apparently rare throughout its range (the single NC record is rejected). |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea floridana | Florida Milkvine | Beech-magnolia bluffs, mesic ravines, moist hammocks. | Ne. FL, sw. GA, and c. Panhandle FL south to s. FL. |  © Floyd A. Griffith |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea hirtelliflora | Harbison's Milkvine, Hairy-faced Milkvine | Sandhills and other dry sands, especially on the Carizzo formation. | Ne. TX and sw. AR (Theo Witsell, pers. comm., 2021) south to ec. TX. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea maritima | Beach Milkvine | Dredge spoil island. | S. FL (L. Duever, pers. comm., 2016; see other comments); West Indies; South America. |  (c) Ward, Scott G - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea obliqua | Northern Spinypod, Limerock Milkvine | In forests, woodlands, or thickets over calcareous rocks. | PA west to OH, IN, and MO, south to w. NC, nw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), nw. AL, and ne. MS. |  (c) Pogacnik, Shaun - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea reticulata | Netted Milkvine, Pearl Milkvine | Open woodlands, thornscrub. | Nc. TX, e. TX, w. TX south through s. TX to s. Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, NLE, OAX, SLP, SIN, SON, TAM). |  (c) Pfau, Russell - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea sagittifolia | Arrowleaf Milkvine | Grasslands and open woodlands. | S. TX, w. TX, ne. Mexico (NLE, TAM). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Matelea woodsonii | Woodson's Milkvine | Sandy grasslands. | S. TX. |  © LL Herbarium Staff |
| Apocynaceae | Metastelma |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |||
| Apocynaceae | Metastelma bahamense | Fragrant Swallowwort | Coastal berms, coastal strands, rockland hammocks. | S. FL; Bahamas; Cuba. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Metastelma barbigerum | Bearded Swallow-wort | Woodlands and open areas. | C. and w. TX south through s. TX to n. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM). |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Metastelma blodgettii | Pine rocklands. | S. FL; Bahamas; Cuba. |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |
| Apocynaceae | Metastelma palmeri | Bluffs, pastures, thornscrub, oak-juniper woodlands over limestone or caliche. | C. TX south to Mexico. |  (c) Wong, Michelle - CC-BY | |
| Apocynaceae | Nerium | Oleander |  (c) Joseph, Aubert - CC-BY | ||
| Apocynaceae | Nerium oleander | Oleander | Frequently cultivated, especially on barrier islands (because of its salt resistance), sometimes persistent or weakly naturalizing. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. |  (c) Frade, Duarte - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Ochrosia |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |||
| Apocynaceae | Ochrosia elliptica | Bloodhorn, Scarlet Wedge-apple, Elliptic Yellow-wood, Kopsia | Coastal strands, disturbed upland areas. | Native of Australia and Pacific Islands. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Orthosia | Swallowwort |  (c) Horn, Jay | ||
| Apocynaceae | Orthosia scoparia ssp. scoparia | Leafless Swallowwort | Coastal hammocks, shell mounds, other hardwood hammocks. | Se. SC south to s. FL, west to FL Panhandle; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, and w. Hispaniola); ascriptions of a wider distribution refer to species and subspecies other than O. scoparia ssp. scoparia (see Liede-Schumann & Meve 2024). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Apocynaceae | Pattalias | Swallow-wort |  (c) Horn, Jay | ||
| Apocynaceae | Pattalias paluster | Swallow-wort, Marsh Cynanchum | Coastal hammocks, edges of marshes, generally or always on barrier islands. | E. NC (Dare County) south to s. FL, west to s. TX; Bahamas and West Indies; Mexico and Belize. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Apocynaceae | Pentalinon |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |||
| Apocynaceae | Pentalinon berteroi | Pineland Golden-trumpet, Pineland Allamanda, Lice-root | Pine rocklands, marl prairies, rockland hammock margins, disturbed scraped limestone; rarely (as a waif, in NC) in disturbed, acid, peaty soil. | S. FL; West Indies (the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola). A single record in NC is from an agricultural experiment station near Wenona, Washington County, NC (Hayes 1946), where presumably introduced via cattle; the species has presumably not persisted in e. NC. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Pentalinon luteum | Wild Allamanda, Hammock Viper's-tail | Mangrove swamps, tropical hammocks. | S. FL; West Indies; Honduras; Colombia. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Periploca | Silkvine |  (c) grey_moss - CC-BY | ||
| Apocynaceae | Periploca graeca | Silkvine | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. Sometimes cultivated and escaped or persistent; it is reported for various states in e. North America, as in Knox County, TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). | (c) grey_moss - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Plumeria |  (c) Menchetti, Stefano - CC-BY-SA | |||
| Apocynaceae | Plumeria obtusa | Frangipani | Coastal hammocks, pine rocklands, disturbed areas; also widely cultivated as an ornamental. | Native of West Indies, Mexico, and Central America. | (c) Menchetti, Stefano - CC-BY-SA |
| Apocynaceae | Rauvolfia | Devil's-pepper |  (c) Borella, Matthew - CC-BY | ||
| Apocynaceae | Rauvolfia tetraphylla | Be-still-tree, Devil-pepper | Disturbed areas, escaped from cultivation. | Native of the Neotropics. | (c) Borella, Matthew - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Rhabdadenia |  (c) Horn, Jay | |||
| Apocynaceae | Rhabdadenia biflora | Mangrove-vine, Rubber-vine, Liane Mangle | Coastal berms, coastal interdunal swales, coastal rock barrens, freshwater tidal swamps, tidal marshes, disturbed wetlands. Often growing on mangroves. | S. FL; West Indies; e. and s. Mexico (CAM, CHP, ROO, TAB, TAM, VER, YUC), Central America, and South America (south to Ecuador and Brazil). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Apocynaceae | Tabernaemontana |  (c) Cortés, Juan Cruzado - CC-BY-SA | |||
| Apocynaceae | Tabernaemontana alba | White Milkwood | Disturbed pinelands, escaped from cultivation. | Native of tropical America. |  (c) Roberts, Jo - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Tabernaemontana divaricata | Pinwheel-flower, Cape Jasmine | Disturbed areas, escaped from cultivation. | Native of se. Asia. |  (c) Estrada, Elizabeth Rodríguez - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Telosma | Chinese-violet |  (c) Trekker, Agnes - CC0 | ||
| Apocynaceae | Telosma cordata | Chinese-violet, Pakalana Vine, Tonkin Creeper | Fencerows. | Native of e. Asia. | (c) Trekker, Agnes - CC0 |
| Apocynaceae | Thevetia |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |||
| Apocynaceae | Thevetia peruviana | Luckynut, French Trumpetflower | Disturbed areas, escaped from cultivation. | Native of tropical America. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Thyrsanthella | Climbing Dogbane |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Apocynaceae | Thyrsanthella difformis | Climbing Dogbane | Dry-mesic to mesic upland forests and woodlands, bottomland and riparian forests, moist prairies, flatwoods, swamps, marshes, old fields, roadsides. | DE south to n. peninsular FL, west to e. TX, north in the interior to MO and IN. | (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Trachelospermum | Climbing Dogbane |  (c) Weakley, Alan | ||
| Apocynaceae | Trachelospermum asiaticum | Japanese Star Jasmine; Asian Jasmine | Planted horticulturally as a ground cover, sometimes persistent or spreading vegetatively. | Native of se. Asia. |  (c) 岸本年郎 - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Trachelospermum jasminoides | Confederate Jasmine, Star Jasmine | Disturbed areas. Cultivated and sometimes persistent or spreading. | Native of se. Asia. Reported for e. LA and AL (Diamond 2013). |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Apocynaceae | Vallesia |  (c) Bradley, Keith | |||
| Apocynaceae | Vallesia antillana | Tearshrub, Pearlberry | Coastal berms, rockland hammocks. | S. FL; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica); Mexico (ROO, TAB, VER, YUC). | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Apocynaceae | Vinca | Vinca, Periwinkle |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Apocynaceae | Vinca major | Greater Periwinkle | Disturbed areas, suburban woodlands, around old house sites, persistent and spreading from cultivation. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Apocynaceae | Vinca minor | Common Periwinkle, Myrtle | Disturbed areas, around old house sites and especially old cemeteries, persistent and spreading from cultivation. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Apocynaceae | Vincetoxicum | Swallow-wort |  (c) Ward, Scott G | ||
| Apocynaceae | Vincetoxicum nigrum | Black Swallow-wort | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. Reported for many states in ne. United States, south to MD, KY, TN. |  (c) Prather, Alan - CC-BY |
| Apocynaceae | Vincetoxicum rossicum | Pale Swallow-wort | Disturbed areas, especially suburban woodlands. In the ne. US, this species is becoming a problematic invader of high quality, rocky upland sites such as calcareous cliff and talus communities. | Native of s. Europe. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |