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Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution
Asteraceae	Acanthospermum	Paraguay Bur
Asteraceae	Acanthospermum australe	Paraguay Bur, Sheep Bur, Paraguay Starbur	Disturbed areas.	Native of South America.
Asteraceae	Acanthospermum hispidum	Hispid Starbur	Disturbed areas, soybean and peanut fields, gardens.	Native of n. South America. First reported from SC by Hill & Horn (1997).
Asteraceae	Acanthospermum humile	Low Starbur	Disturbed areas.	Native of the West Indies. Reported for SC by Nelson (2003).
Asteraceae	Achillea	Yarrow, Milfoil, Thousand-leaf
Asteraceae	Achillea ageratum	Sweet Yarrow, Sweet Nancy, Sweet Maudlin	Perhaps only cultivated.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Achillea filipendulina	Fernleaf Yarrow	Disturbed areas, persistent after cultivation.	Native of the Caucasus.
Asteraceae	Achillea gracilis	Eastern Yarrow, Eastern Thousandleaf	Grassy balds, meadows, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Widespread in e. North America.
Asteraceae	Achillea millefolium	Yarrow, Thousandleaf	Disturbed areas near ports.	Native of Eurasia. Only a few collections of the European races of the Achillea millefolium aggregate are known in eastern North America, from near old port cities (J. Ramsey, pers. comm.).
Asteraceae	Achillea ptarmica	Sneezeweed, Sneezewort	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Weakly naturalized south to WV and at scattered sites in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993).
Asteraceae	Acmella	Spotflower
Asteraceae	Acmella decumbens var. decumbens		Waif on ballast.	Native of South America. Known in our region from a single collection at Camden, NJ.
Asteraceae	Acmella pilosa	Hairy Spotflower	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mexico and Central America.
Asteraceae	Acmella pusilla	Argentine Spotflower	Lawns, disturbed areas (especially around old seaports).	Native of South America. Known from scattered locations in the se. United States (NC, SC, GA, FL), associated with old seaports, such as Wilmington, NC, Savannah, GA, Pensacola and Apalachicola, FL, and perhaps not well-established at some of the reported locations. Reported as naturalized and "locally common" at a site in Chatham County, GA (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009).
Asteraceae	Acmella repens	Creeping Spotflower	Floating vegetation mats, blackwater levee and swamp forests, roadsides, streambanks, other moist, open, habitats.	Se. NC south to s. FL, west to e. TX, north in the Mississippi Embayment to w. TN and s. MO.
Asteraceae	Acourtia	Desert-peony
Asteraceae	Acourtia runcinata	Featherleaf Desert-peony	Juniper and oak woodlands, matorral.	C. TX south to Mexico (CHH, COA, HGO, NLE, QRO, SLP, TAM, VER, ZAC).
Asteraceae	Ageratina	Milk-poison, White Snakeroot
Asteraceae	Ageratina altissima	Common White Snakeroot, Common Milk-poison	Moist forests, such as cove forests. Mesic forests, successional and disturbed forests, old fields.	QC west to se. ND, south to Panhandle FL and c. TX.
Asteraceae	Ageratina aromatica	Small-leaved White Snakeroot, Wild-hoarhound	Woodlands and forests, usually xeric, and often fire-maintained, longleaf pine sandhills, also woodland edges.	MA, NY, and OH, south to ne. FL, Panhandle FL, and e. LA (Florida parishes).
Asteraceae	Ageratina havanensis	Shrubby Boneset, Havana Snakeroot	Calcareous woodlands.	C. TX south through ne. Mexico (CHH, COA, GTO, HGO, NLE, QRO, SLP, TAM, VER); Cuba, Bahamas.
Asteraceae	Ageratina jucunda	Hammock Snakeroot	Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, other dry pinelands, subxeric hardwood hammocks, dry roadsides.	Se. GA south to s. FL, west to e. Panhandle FL.
Asteraceae	Ageratina luciae-brauniae	Rockhouse White Snakeroot	Sandstone rockhouses, at the base of sandstone cliffs (usually overhanging) in seepage or splash.	Endemic to the Cumberland Plateau of ne. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) and se. KY.
Asteraceae	Ageratina roanensis	Appalachian White Snakeroot, Appalachian Milk-poison	Moist forests, often abundant at high elevations.	Endemic to moderate to high elevations of the Southern Appalachians, from w. VA south to w. SC, n. GA, e. TN, e. KY, and possibly ne. AL.
Asteraceae	Ageratum	Ageratum, Flossflower, Pussyfoot
Asteraceae	Ageratum conyzoides	Ageratum, Tropical Whiteweed, Goatbush	Disturbed areas.	Apparently native of South America. Recently relocated in AL (Diamond 2015).
Asteraceae	Ageratum houstonianum	Ageratum	Wet, disturbed areas.	Apparently native of se. Mexico and Central America. Reported for AL by Diamond (2014).
Asteraceae	Ageratum maritimum	Seaside Whiteweed	Coastal berms, rockland hammocks, coastal rock barrens.	S. FL; West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola); s. Mexico (CAM, ROO, YUC); Central America (Belize).
Asteraceae	Amblyolepis	Huisache-daisy
Asteraceae	Amblyolepis setigera	Huisache-daisy	Sandy or rocky open ground, and eastwards as a wool-combing mill waif (Nesom 2004d).	TX and n. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM).
Asteraceae	Ambrosia	Ragweed
Asteraceae	Ambrosia acanthicarpa	Annual Bursage	Disturbed areas.	Native of w. North America.
Asteraceae	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Common Ragweed, Hogweed	Roadsides, gardens, disturbed soils, thin soils on rock outcrops.	NL (Newfoundland), NU, and BC south to FL, TX, CA and southward.
Asteraceae	Ambrosia bidentata	Lanceleaf Ragweed	Barrens, prairies, mafic woodlands.	S. OH, c. IN, c. IL, and s. IA south to SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]), nw. GA, n. AL, c. LA and c. TX. Scattered occurrences in other areas probably represent introductions.
Asteraceae	Ambrosia cheiranthifolia	Rio Grande Ragweed, South Texas Ambrosia	Coastal prairies, in seasonally saturated clays.	S. TX (Cameron, Jim Wells, Kleberg, and Nueces counties) and ne. Mexico (COA, TAM).
Asteraceae	Ambrosia confertiflora	Field Ragweed	Disturbed areas.	Sw. KS, s. CO, s. UT, c. CA, south to s. TX, w. TX, NM, AZ, and widespread in Mexico. Reported for TN (Strother (2006dd).
Asteraceae	Ambrosia hispida	Coastal Ragweed	Beaches, dunes, and less commonly inland in hammocks.	Peninsular FL; West Indies; s. Mexico (ROO, VER, YUC) and Central America.
Asteraceae	Ambrosia porcheri	Outcrop Ragweed	In shallow soil mats on granitic domes.	Apparently endemic to the Piedmont Blue Ridge escarpment region of nw. SC.
Asteraceae	Ambrosia psilostachya	Perennial Ragweed	Calcareous prairies and disturbed areas; in loamy sandy soil of flats and slight depressions in periodically burned longleaf pine uplands; also in disturbed areas.	MI west to MT, south to LA and NM; also scattered along eastern seaboard states (ME, NH, NY, NC, SC, GA, FL, VA), where perhaps some of the distribution is adventive. Apparently first collected in VA in 2000.
Asteraceae	Ambrosia tomentosa	Perennial Bursage, Skeletonleaf Bursage	Disturbed areas; introduced from w. North America.	Native of w. North America.
Asteraceae	Ambrosia trifida var. texana	Texas Giant Ragweed	Floodplains, moist pastures; disturbed ground.	S. IL and MO south to MS, s. TX, and Mexico (CHH, COA, HGO, QRO, SON, TAM, VER).
Asteraceae	Ambrosia trifida var. trifida	Giant Ragweed	Floodplains, moist pastures, disturbed ground.	NS and BC south to n. peninsular FL, Panhandle FL, TX, and CA. Report from s. FL (Kartesz 2022) is false, based on misidentified specimen.
Asteraceae	Ampelaster	Climbing-aster
Asteraceae	Ampelaster carolinianus	Climbing Aster	Swamps, thickets, marshes, streambanks, freshwater tidal marshes and swamps.	Se. NC south to s. FL, west to s. AL. Reported for s. AL (H. Horne, pers. comm. 2017).
Asteraceae	Amphiachyris	Broomweed
Asteraceae	Amphiachyris amoena	Annual Broomweed	Calcareous soils and gravels over limestone.	Nc. TX south to sc. TX.
Asteraceae	Amphiachyris dracunculoides	Prairie Broomweed, Broom Snakeroot	Limestone glades, disturbed areas over calcareous rocks; also rarely eastwards as a wool-combing mill waif (Nesom 2004d).	This species is relatively common and weedy in cedar glade habitats in the Nashville Basin of c. TN, where apparently native (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997).
Asteraceae	Anacyclus	Pellitory
Asteraceae	Anacyclus clavatus	White-Buttons, White Anacyclus	Waif on ballast.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, w. Asia, and n. Africa.
Asteraceae	Anaphalis	Pearly-everlasting
Asteraceae	Anaphalis margaritacea	Pearly-everlasting	Dry open places, native in the norther parts of our region (see map), but southwards probably only persistent from or a waif from cultivation. Very abundant and weedy in large parts of n. and w. North America, sometimes grown for ornament (especially dried arrangements) in our area.	Interruptedly circumboreal, in North America from NL (Labrador) and NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to NC, TN, OK, TX, NM, CA, BCN, and SON. Reported from the 1800s from the Coastal Plain of SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]), presumably a waif.
Asteraceae	Antennaria	Pussytoes
Asteraceae	Antennaria howellii ssp. canadensis		Dry woodlands.	NL (Newfoundland) west to YT, south to n. NJ, MD (?), VA (?), WV (?), OH, IN, WI, and MN.
Asteraceae	Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica		Shale bluffs and barrens, dry woodlands and rock outcrops.	NL (Newfoundland) west to North West Territory, south to w. NC, TN, KS, CO, and OR.
Asteraceae	Antennaria howellii ssp. petaloidea	Field Pussytoes	Dry woodlands.	NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to NC, WV, IN, IL, CO, and OR.
Asteraceae	Antennaria neglecta	Field Pussytoes	Dry woodlands and fields.	NS west to NT, south to VA, KY, AR, OK, and CO.
Asteraceae	Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax	Big-head Pussytoes	Dry woodlands.	NS west to MN, south to GA, AL, MS, LA, and TX.
Asteraceae	Antennaria parlinii ssp. parlinii	Parlin's Pussytoes	Woodlands, roadbanks.	NS west to SK, south to GA, AL, MS, LA, and TX.
Asteraceae	Antennaria plantaginifolia	Plantain Pussytoes	Dry woodlands, roadside banks, cemeteries, pastures.	NS west to SK, south to FL, AL, MS, AR, and OK.
Asteraceae	Antennaria pulvinata	Rosy Pussytoes		The sole specimen allegedly documenting the occurrence of this taxon in our area is controversial as to identity and more plausibly represents A. virginica.
Asteraceae	Antennaria solitaria	Southern Single-head Pussytoes	Forests and woodlands, often mesic and/or shaded.	VA, WV, sw. PA, s. OH, and s. IN south to GA, LA, and OK.
Asteraceae	Antennaria virginica	Shale-barren Pussytoes	Shale barrens and other dry, rocky habitats.	C. PA and w. VA west to OH.
Asteraceae	Anthemis	Chamomile
Asteraceae	Anthemis arvensis	Corn Chamomile	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Anthemis cotula	Mayweed, Stinking Chamomile, Mayweed, Dog-fennel, Chigger-weed	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Anthemis secundiramea		Railroad embankment.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, probably merely a waif and not established.
Asteraceae	Aphanostephus	Doze-daisy
Asteraceae	Aphanostephus pilosus	Hairy Lazy-daisy	Prairies.	OK south to n. TX.
Asteraceae	Aphanostephus ramosissimus var. ramosissimus	Plains Lazy-daisy	Open, calcareous sites.	C. and w. OK south to s. TX, NM, and Mexico.
Asteraceae	Aphanostephus riddellii	Riddell's Lazy-daisy	Open, calcareous sites.	TX Panhandle and NM south through Edwards Plateau and s. TX to Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM).
Asteraceae	Aphanostephus skirrhobasis var. kidderi		Matorral and scrub.	S. TX and ne. Mexico (NLE, TAM).
Asteraceae	Aphanostephus skirrhobasis var. skirrhobasis	Arkansas Lazy-daisy	Prairies, sandy woodlands.	AR, s. KS, and nw. NM south to s. TX.
Asteraceae	Aphanostephus skirrhobasis var. thalassius	Dune Doze-daisy	Dunes, disturbed coastal sands.	S. LA and sw. AR west to s. KS, e. NM, coastal TX and Mexico (NLE, TAM); scattered in n. FL, both Panhandle FL (Bay and Escambia counties) and ne. FL (St. Johns County) (Wunderlin & Hansen 2004).
Asteraceae	Arctium	Burdock, Clotbur
Asteraceae	Arctium lappa	Great Burdock	Fields and roadsides.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Arctium minus	Common Burdock	Pastures, barnyards, roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Arctium tomentosum	Cotton Burdock	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Material purporting to be this taxon from Union County, SC, and the basis of its occurrence in that state, is actually a pubescent form of A. minus.
Asteraceae	Arctotis	African-daisy, Arctotis
Asteraceae	Arctotis venusta	Blue-eyed African-daisy, Silver Arctotis	Disturbed areas.	Native of s. Africa.
Asteraceae	Arnica	Arnica
Asteraceae	Arnica acaulis	Leopard’s-bane, Southeastern Arnica	Longleaf pine savannas, longleaf pine sandhills, clayey or sandy oak and oak-pine woodlands, powerline rights-of-way, roadbanks.	DE (historical) and se. PA and MD (where on serpentine) south to Panhandle FL, on the Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont (rarely upper Piedmont, as in w. SC in the Blue Ridge Escarpment region).
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum	Indian-plantain
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum album	Panhandle Indian-plantain	Wet pine savannas.	Endemic to FL Panhandle (Bay and Gulf counties).
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum atriplicifolium	Pale Indian-plantain	Mesic forests, open woodlands and woodland edges, clearings, prairies, meadows.	NY, MN, and NE south to Panhandle FL and LA (attribution to MA is in error, A.Haines, pers.comm.).
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum diversifolium	Variable-leaf Indian-plantain	Calcareous swamps, calcareous hydric hammocks.	Sw. GA and Panhandle FL, west to s. AL; disjunct in nw. peninsular FL.
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum floridanum	Florida Indian-plantain	Longleaf pine sandhills. Open sand gaps in xeric longleaf sandhills.	Ne. FL and e. FL Panhandle south to c. peninsular FL.
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum ovatum var. lanceolatum	Savanna Indian-plantain	Wet pine savannas, especially over coquina limestone ("marl").	Se. NC to s. FL, west to e. TX.
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum ovatum var. ovatum	Broadleaf Indian-plantain	Bottomlands, bay forests, moist or wet forests.	E. GA west to e. LA.
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum plantagineum	Western Indian-plantain	Prairies, wet calcareous glades, marshes, bogs, persistent in 'improved' pastures.	MI, s. WI, s. MN, and ne. SD south to OH, Nashville Basin of c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), AL, MS, LA, and c. TX; also reported for sc. SC, in the unpublished flora of the Savannah River Site by Batson, Angerman, and Jones (a record considered questionable without additional documentation).
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum reniforme	Great Indian-plantain	Cove forests, floodplains, other mesic forests.	PA and MN, south to SC (Gaddy 2014), GA, MS, and OK.
Asteraceae	Arnoglossum sulcatum	Grooved-stem Indian-plantain	Bottomland forests.	Sw. GA and Panhandle FL west to s. AL.
Asteraceae	Arnoseris
Asteraceae	Arnoseris minima	Lamb-succory, Dwarf Nipplewort	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Artemisia	Wormwood, Mugwort, Sage
Asteraceae	Artemisia abrotanum	Southernwood, Lad’s Love, Old Man, Southern Wormwood	Disturbed areas, waif from horticultural use.	Native of Eurasia. Reported as a waif in e. VA (Reed 1964).
Asteraceae	Artemisia absinthium	Common Wormwood, Absinthium	Fields, roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Artemisia annua	Sweet Annie, Sweet Wormwood, Sweet Sagewort, Annual Mugwort	Barnyards, roadsides, disturbed areas, waste areas around wool-combing mills (Nesom 2004d).	Native of Asia and e. Europe.
Asteraceae	Artemisia biennis var. biennis	Biennial Wormwood	Disturbed areas, especially in sandy soils; also waif in waste area around wool-combing mills (SC).	Native of the w. United States. Reported for SC by Nesom (2004d); also reported to be naturalized as far east as TN and WV (Hardy County).
Asteraceae	Artemisia carruthii	Carruth's Wormwood, Kansas Mugwort	Dry grasslands; eastwards adventive in disturbed areas.	NE, CO, UT, and NV south to OK, w. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (BCN, CHH, NLE, SON).
Asteraceae	Artemisia caudata	Sand Wormwood, Beach Wormwood	Sandy woodlands, beaches and dunes, gravelly and rocky shores; also adventive in sandy fields, on roadsides, in railroad ballast, and other disturbed areas.	Native south to NJ, PA, OH, IN, IL, MO, AR (?), OK, and TX. Rare at Presque Isle, nw. PA (S. Grund, pers.comm., 2021).
Asteraceae	Artemisia dracunculus	Tarragon, Silky Wormwood, Dragon Wormwood	Dry, open areas.	ON west to AK, south to IL, MO, OK, TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico; Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Artemisia filifolia	Silver Sagebush	Dry prairies and dunes, especially in sandy soils.	SD, WY, and NV south to c. OK, c. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, TAM).
Asteraceae	Artemisia frigida	Silver Sage, Prairie Sagewort	Roadsides and open disturbed areas.	Native of northern and western North America and Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Artemisia ludoviciana	White Sage, White Sagewort, Prairie Sage, Western Mugwort	Prairies, roadsides, fencerows, eastwards in disturbed areas.	MI west to AK, south as a native to IL, AR, TX, NM, AZ, CA, and s. Mexico.
Asteraceae	Artemisia mexicana	White Sagebrush, Silver Wormwood	Prairies, forest openings, disturbed areas.	MO, NE, CO, UT, and CA south to TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico. Reported for c. TN (Kartesz 2015).
Asteraceae	Artemisia pontica	Roman Wormwood, Green-ginger	Disturbed areas, old fields, woodland edges, roadsides, ditches.	Native of Europe. Naturalized at least as far south as DE, se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), and KY.
Asteraceae	Artemisia scoparia		Waif on ore piles.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Artemisia stelleriana	Beach Wormwood, Dusty Miller, Hoary Mugwort	Sandy roadsides, dunes, other disturbed areas.	Native of Japan and ne. Asia. This plant is reported (with documenting photograph) as naturalized and spreading in Nags Head (Dare County, NC) (Graetz 1973), and also more recently with a specimen from Currituck County by R.K. Peet.
Asteraceae	Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata	Big Sagebrush	Disturbed areas, waif from horticultural use.	Native of w. North America.
Asteraceae	Artemisia verlotiorum	Chinese Mugwort	Roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of China.
Asteraceae	Artemisia vulgaris	Common Mugwort, Felon Herb	Roadsides, pastures, fencerows, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Aster	Aster
Asteraceae	Aster tataricus	Tartarian Aster	Commonly cultivated, rarely persisting or spreading short distances from plantings.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Asteraceae	Aster Family
Asteraceae	Astranthium	Western-daisy
Asteraceae	Astranthium ciliatum	Comanche Western-daisy	Chert, limestone, and dolomite glades, prairies, oak savannas.	Sw. MO and s. KS south through AR and OK to TX and Mexico (NLE and TAM).
Asteraceae	Astranthium integrifolium	Eastern Western-daisy	Limestone glades, barrens, rocky woodlands, roadsides.	Nc. KY south through c. TN to nw. GA and ne. AL (primarily in the Interior Low Plateau); disjunct in c. MS (where a waif) and also disjunct in nc. WV, where presumably introduced.
Asteraceae	Baccharis	Silverling, High-tide Bush, Mullet Bush, Groundsel Tree, Baccharis
Asteraceae	Baccharis angustifolia	False-willow	Interdune swales, wet hammocks, marsh edges.	Ne. NC south to s. FL, west to LA; Bahamas.
Asteraceae	Baccharis dioica	Broombush False-willow	Rockland hammock edges, barrier island sands.	S. FL (where apparently extirpated); s. LA (Pelican Island, Barataria Island complex, Plaquemines Parish; L. Urbatsch, pers.comm., 2023); West Indies; Mexico (Tamaulipas, Yucatan). Reports of this species from s. AL (Dauphin Island, Baldwin County) are not correctly identified; they represent narrow-leaved material of B. halimifolia, perhaps introgressed with B. angustifolia.
Asteraceae	Baccharis glomeruliflora		Wet hammocks, swamp edges, marsh edges, interdune swales, wet pine savanna margins.	Se. NC south to s. FL, west to MS; West Indies.
Asteraceae	Baccharis halimifolia	Silverling, High-tide-bush, Mulletbush, Saltbush, Waterbush, Groundsel Tree, Manglier, Sea-myrtle, Consumption-weed, Winter-willow	Fresh and brackish marshes, marsh borders, hammocks, moist abused land, roadsides, ditches, old fields, and a wide variety of disturbed areas. B. halimifolia is becoming increasingly common inland, and can be an especially aggressive invader in sunny sites after silvicultural disturbance.	Se. MA south to s. FL, west to TX, AR, and OK; West Indies.
Asteraceae	Baccharis neglecta	Roosevelt-weed, New Deal Weed, Jara Dulce	Calcareous soils, especially roadsides and disturbed areas.	C. OK south to e., s, and w. TX and Mexico.
Asteraceae	Baccharis salicifolia	Seepwillow, Water-wally, Jara	Riverbanks, sandy areas.	S. TX west to n. CA, south into s. Mexico.
Asteraceae	Baccharis salicina	Willow-Baccharis, Great Plains False-willow	Sandy subsaline soils, disturbed areas.	KS west to CA, south to e. TX, s. TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico (BCN, CHH, COA, DGO, NLE, SON, TAM).
Asteraceae	Baccharis texana	Prairie Baccharis	Prairies, other calcareous areas.	Sc. OK south to s. TX and n. Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, NLE, TAM).
Asteraceae	Baccharis wrightii		Eastwards in disturbed areas.	KS west to UT, south to TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico (CHH, DGO, SON).
Asteraceae	Balduina	Honeycomb-head, Balduina
Asteraceae	Balduina angustifolia	Sandhill Honeycomb-head, Sandhill Balduina	Longleaf pine sandhills, pine rocklands, and other dry, sandy soils.	GA south to s. FL, west to s. MS; it should be sought in s. SC.
Asteraceae	Balduina atropurpurea	Bog Honeycomb-head, Purple Honeycomb-head, Purple Balduina	Peaty seepage bogs and wet pine savannas.	A southeastern Coastal Plain endemic, very rare and disjunct in se. NC and nc. SC, primarily in ne. to sc. GA and ne. FL.
Asteraceae	Balduina uniflora	Savanna Honeycomb-head, Yellow Balduina	Wet pine savannas and pine flatwoods.	A southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. NC and immediately adjacent ne. SC (apparently absent from much of SC), and from extreme s. SC south to ne. FL, FL Panhandle, and west to e. LA.
Asteraceae	Bellis	English Daisy
Asteraceae	Bellis perennis	English Daisy	Lawns, grassy roadsides.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Berlandiera	Green-eyes
Asteraceae	Berlandiera betonicifolia	Texas Green-eyes	Post oak woodlands, sandy prairies.	MO, s. KS, OK, and n. TX south irregularly to c. LA, e. TX, and c. and se. TX.
Asteraceae	Berlandiera humilis	Low Green-eyes	Longleaf pine sandhills.	Se. SC, s. GA, n. FL and se. AL.
Asteraceae	Berlandiera lyrata	Lyreleaf Green-eyes	Dry, rocky limestone areas.	Sw. KS, s. CO south to ne. TX, c. TX, w. TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico (AGS, CHH, COA, DGO, JAL, NLE, SLP, SON, TAM, ZAC).
Asteraceae	Berlandiera pumila var. pumila	Eastern Green-eyes	Longleaf pine sandhills, disturbed sandy areas.	Nc. SC south to n. peninsular FL, west to s. AL; sw. AR and w. LA to c. TX.
Asteraceae	Berlandiera pumila var. scabrella		Longleaf pine sandhills.	W. LA and e. TX.
Asteraceae	Berlandiera subacaulis	Florida Green-eyes	Longleaf pine sandhills, pine rocklands.	Endemic to FL, from ne. FL (Clay and Columbia counties) and e. Panhandle FL (Leon, Jefferson, and Taylor counties) south to s. FL (Wunderlin & Hansen 2004).
Asteraceae	Bidens	Beggar-ticks, Bur-marigold
Asteraceae	Bidens alba var. radiata	Romerillo	Disturbed areas.	Adventive from the New World tropics. Reported for Clarksville, Montgomery County, TN (Kraft 2016).
Asteraceae	Bidens aristosa	Midwestern Tickseed-sunflower, Ozark Tickseed-sunflower	Marshes, wet meadows, ditches, bogs.	DE, MD, IL, and MO south to GA, AL, FL (?), and TX (and adventive farther north); the pre-Columbian distribution is uncertain, and portions of the eastern range of the species may be only from, expansion from a more midwestern distribution.
Asteraceae	Bidens beckii	Water-marigold, Water Beggar-ticks	Aquatic in calcareous lakes and swamps.	NS west to SK, south to n. NJ, PA, n. OH, n. IN, IL, and IA.
Asteraceae	Bidens bidentoides		Tidal shores and mudflats.	NY south to se. PA, DE, and e. MD.
Asteraceae	Bidens bipinnata	Spanish Needles	Floodplains, disturbed areas, gardens, fields, roadsides, ditches.	MA, NY, ON, IA, NE, and AZ south to c. FL and Mexico (?); e. Asia.
Asteraceae	Bidens cernua	Nodding Bur-marigold	Marshes, wet meadows, bogs, ditches.	Circumboreal, south in North America to GA, AL, LA, NM, AZ, and CA.
Asteraceae	Bidens comosa	Strawstem Beggar-ticks	Marshes, bogs, wet meadows, disturbed areas.	NL (Newfoundland) and BC south to GA, TX, and CA.
Asteraceae	Bidens connata	Purplestem Beggar-ticks	Marshes, bogs, wet meadows, disturbed areas.	QC, ON, and ND south to GA, AL, and KS.
Asteraceae	Bidens discoidea	Few-bracted Beggar-ticks	Floodplain forests, marshes.	NS and MN south to ne. FL, Panhandle FL, and TX.
Asteraceae	Bidens eatonii	Eaton's Beggarticks	Tidal marshes.	N. NJ (?) northwards to ME and NB.
Asteraceae	Bidens frondosa	Devil's Beggar-ticks	Fields, pastures, wet meadows, swamp forests, ditches.	Nova Scotia and AK south to FL, TX, CA, and southward.
Asteraceae	Bidens laevis	Showy Bur-marigold	Marshes, stream banks, ditches.	ME, NY, IN, MO, NV, and CA southward.
Asteraceae	Bidens mitis	Coastal Plain Tickseed-sunflower	Brackish marshes, fresh marshes, bogs (inland).	NJ south to FL, west to TX, primarily Coastal Plain, rare and scattered inland.
Asteraceae	Bidens pilosa		Disturbed areas, ballast, waste areas near wool-combing mill.	Native of tropical America. Reported for NC (Kartesz 1999), perhaps based on confusion with B. alba; known from ballast in se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993).
Asteraceae	Bidens polylepis	Midwestern Tickseeed-sunflower	Marshes, wet meadows, ditches, bogs.	DE, MD, IL, and MO south to GA, AL, FL (?), and TX (and adventive farther north); the pre-Columbian distribution is uncertain, and portions of the eastern range of the species may be only from expansion from a more midwestern distribution.
Asteraceae	Bidens tenuisecta		Waifs.	Native of sw. United States and Mexico.
Asteraceae	Bidens trichosperma	Northern Tickseed-sunflower	Tidal marshes, other marshes.	QC, MN, and SD south to ne. FL, GA, LA, and NE. Reports from the deep South are mostly or entirely based on misidentifications of B. mitis.
Asteraceae	Bidens vulgata	Tall Beggar-ticks	Fields, marshes, wet places.	QC and BC south to GA, LA, and CA.
Asteraceae	Bigelowia	Rayless-goldenrod
Asteraceae	Bigelowia australis	Florida Rayless-Goldenrod	Mesic to wet pine flatwoods, pine savannas, pond-cypress depressions.	Ne. FL (Bradford County) south to s. FL.
Asteraceae	Bigelowia nudata	Rayless-Goldenrod	Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, pocosin edges.	E. NC south to n. FL and west to e. LA.
Asteraceae	Bigelowia nuttallii	Glade Rayless-Goldenrod, West Gulf Coastal Plain Rayless-Goldenrod	Prairies, sandstone glades, granite flatrocks, Altamaha Grit glades, and roadbanks.	W. LA west to e. TX; disjunct eastward in Mountains of ne. AL, Piedmont of c. GA, and Coastal Plain of s. AL, ec. GA (Jones & Coile 1988, Bridges & Orzell 1989), Panhandle FL (Washington County), and wc. peninsular FL (Pinellas County).
Asteraceae	Boltonia	Doll's-daisy
Asteraceae	Boltonia apalachicolensis	Apalachicola Doll’s-daisy	Floodplain forests.	Panhandle FL, s. MS, west to LA.
Asteraceae	Boltonia asteroides var. asteroides	Susquehanna Doll's-daisy	Riverbanks.	Along the Susquehanna River, MD and PA.
Asteraceae	Boltonia asteroides var. glastifolia	Eastern Doll's-daisy	Pondcypress savannas, tidal freshwater marshes, other marshes, ditches.	NJ south to Panhandle FL, west to MS, LA, and e. TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain, but with a few disjunct occurrences inland, such as Henderson County, NC.
Asteraceae	Boltonia asteroides var. latisquama	Midwestern Doll's-daisy	Ditches.	WI west to ND, south to MS and OK; disjunct (presumably introduced) in NC and se. VA.
Asteraceae	Boltonia asteroides var. recognita		Marshes, prairies.	MI, OH, KY, TN west to SK and OK.
Asteraceae	Boltonia caroliniana	Carolina Doll's-daisy	Bottomlands, ditches, roadsides, prairies.	Se. VA south to s. SC (and GA according to Kartesz 2020), primarily on the Coastal Plain and Piedmont.
Asteraceae	Boltonia decurrens	Clasping-leaf Doll's-daisy, Decurrent False-aster	Riverbanks, open areas in floodplains, edges of fields.	N. IL south to se. MO, along the Mississippi and Illinois rivers.
Asteraceae	Boltonia diffusa var. diffusa	Southern Doll's-daisy	Clay-based Carolina bays, roadsides, powerline rights-of-way, and other artificially open areas.	Se. SC south to s. FL, west to e. TX, inland in the interior to c. TN, s. IL, s. MO, AR, and se. OK; disjunct in the Bahamas (Mangrove Cay of Andros Island). See Sorrie & LeBlond (2008) for comments on distribution and nativity.
Asteraceae	Boltonia diffusa var. interior		Moist or dry open ground.	KY and TN west to IL, OK, and LA.
Asteraceae	Boltonia montana	Valley Doll's-daisy	Sinkhole ponds.	Augusta Co. VA and Ridge and Valley wetlands in NJ and (formerly) PA.
Asteraceae	Borrichia	Seaside Oxeye
Asteraceae	Borrichia arborescens	Green Seaside Oxeye	Salt and brackish marshes, mangrove swamps, other maritime and saline wetlands.	S. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico (CAM, ROO, SLP, TAB, TAM, VER, YUC), Central America, South America.
Asteraceae	Borrichia frutescens	Silver Seaside Oxeye	Salt and brackish marshes.	E. MD and e. VA south to s. FL, west to TX and Mexico (Gulf Coast to the Yucatan peninsula); Bahamas (Grand Bahama); Bermuda.
Asteraceae	Bradburia	Golden-aster
Asteraceae	Bradburia hirtella	Texas Goldenaster	Sandy and gravelly soils of prairies and woodland openings, disturbed areas.	E. TX, eastwards into w. LA (where perhaps only adventive).
Asteraceae	Bradburia pilosa	Soft Goldenaster	Barrens, prairies, glades, savannas, roadsides, disturbed areas.	S. MO and se. KS, south to w. LA and e. TX; populations east of the Mississippi River are questionably native. See Anderson (2007) for FL record.
Asteraceae	Brickellia	False-boneset, Brickell-bush
Asteraceae	Brickellia cordifolia	Flyr's Brickellia, Flyr's False-boneset	Mesic pine-hardwood or oak-hickory woods of upland hammocks.	Sw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988; Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009) and AL south to Panhandle FL and n. peninsular FL.
Asteraceae	Brickellia cylindracea	Gravel-bar Brickell-bush	Calcareous woodlands and prairies.	Central TX, mainly Edwards Plateau.
Asteraceae	Brickellia dentata	Leafy Brickellia, Gravelbar Brickellbush	"Essentially restricted to frequently-scoured gravelly alluvial beds in creek and river bottoms" (Carr 2016).	Endemic to TX, mainly Edwards Plateau, but also apparently in e. TX.
Asteraceae	Brickellia eupatorioides	Eastern Kuhnia	Dry slopes, longleaf pine sandhills (especially in loamy sites), shale barrens, dry woodlands, thickets.	NJ west to IN, s. AR, se. OK, south to ec. peninsular FL and se. TX.
Asteraceae	Brickellia grandiflora	Tassel-flower Brickellia	Glades, ledges, and rocky woodlands over calcareous rocks.	W. NE, MT, AB, and BC south to w. TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico (BCN, CHH, COA, JAL, NLE, SON, TAM); disjunct in MO, n. AR, and c. OK.
Asteraceae	Brickellia leptophylla	Edwards Plateau Kuhnia	Limestone slopes, streambeds, calcareous prairies; "usually occurring in moist to dry gravelly alluvial soils along riverbanks but also on limestone slopes" (Carr 2016).	Ec. TX (Edwards Plateau and adjacent Blackland Prairie regions), w. OK, CO, e. UT south to n. Mexico and NM.
Asteraceae	Brickellia macranthra	Texas Kuhnia, Texas Brickellia	Calcareous woodlands.	Ne. and sc. OK south to sc. TX.
Asteraceae	Brickellia mosieri	Mosier’s Kuhnia, Florida Kuhnia, Rockland Kuhnia	Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. FL pine rocklands (Miami-Dade County).
Asteraceae	Brickellia ozarkana	Ozark Kuhnia, Ozark Brickellia	Dry slopes, woodlands, and glades.	Nc. MO south to sw. AR and e. OK (largely endemic to the Interior Highlands).
Asteraceae	Brickellia suaveolens	Plains Kuhnia, Midwestern Brickellia	Dry slopes and woodlands, prairies.	MI west to MT, south to s. IN, s. IL, sw. MO, c. and w. OK, and wc. TX.
Asteraceae	Calendula	Marigold
Asteraceae	Calendula arvensis	Field-Marigold	Waif on ballast.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Calendula officinalis	Pot-marigold	Disturbed areas, a waif or "throw-out" from horticultural use.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Asteraceae	Callistephus	Chinese-Aster
Asteraceae	Callistephus chinensis	Chinese-Aster	Disturbed areas, persistent or a waif from cultivation.	Native of China and Korea.
Asteraceae	Calotis
Asteraceae	Calotis cuneifolia	Australian wedgeleaf	Waif in waste areas near wool-combing mill.	Native of Australia. Reported for SC by Nesom (2004d).
Asteraceae	Calyptocarpus	Straggler-daisy, Lawnflower
Asteraceae	Calyptocarpus vialis	Straggler-daisy, Lawnflower, Horse-herb, Hierba del Caballo	Disturbed areas, roadsides, lawns, flower-beds.	Native of s. TX and Mexico. Nesom (2011d) discussed the native distribution of C. vialis and concluded that it was originally native to s. TX and Mexico.
Asteraceae	Calyptocarpus wendlandii		Disturbed areas.	Native of Central America. Reported for s. FL (Everglades National Park) by Lange, Bradley, & Sadle [in prep.].
Asteraceae	Carduus	Plumeless Thistle
Asteraceae	Carduus acanthoides ssp. acanthoides	Plumeless Thistle, Broad-winged Thistle	Disturbed areas, pastures.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Carduus crispus	Welted Thistle	Disturbed areas, naturalized around large ports.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Carduus nutans	Nodding Thistle, Musk Thistle	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Carduus pycnocephalus ssp. pycnocephalus	Italian Plumeless-thistle	Pastures and disturbed areas; in waste areas around wool-combing mill, ballast waif.	Native of n. Africa and w. Asia. Scattered occurrences in e. North America, including old ballast collections (FNA). Reported for SC by Nesom (2004d).
Asteraceae	Carduus tenuiflorus		On ballast, waif with collections from se. PA from 1877-1879 (Rhoads & Klein 1993) and from NJ (Kartesz 2020).	Native of s. Europe.
Asteraceae	Carlina	Carline Thistle
Asteraceae	Carlina vulgaris ssp. vulgaris	Carline Thistle	Roadsides and disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Carphephorus
Asteraceae	Carphephorus bellidifolius	Sandhill Chaffhead	Longleaf pine sandhills, rarely in other xeric sandy forests and woodlands.	Se. VA to extreme e. GA.
Asteraceae	Carphephorus corymbosus	Flatwood Chaffhead	Wet, mesic, or scrubby flatwoods. Also in sandhills. Wet to dry-mesic sites, usually not in the driest and scrubbiest sites (those dominated by Ceratiola ericoides), but often in areas with deep, somewhat xeric sands, especially scrubby flatwoods with Pinus densa. Also often with Pinus palustris, and Pinus elliottii.	Se. SC south to s. FL. This species was reported as far north as NC by Small (1933); Correa & Wilbur (1969) considered the northern limit of the species to be e. GA, but it is now known from as far north as Jasper County, SC. Reports from the FL Panhandle west of Madison and Taylor counties are legitimate (L.C. Anderson 25,857, Jackson County; R.L. Lazor 4765, Bay County), and represent an interesting disjunction of approx. 170 miles from the nearest record just west of the Suwannee River (A. Franck 3536), although unvouchered (but confirmed) reports have also been verified between these two areas (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/61334857).
Asteraceae	Carphephorus pseudoliatris	Lavender Lady	Pineland seepage bogs and wet pine savannas.	Sw. GA and FL Panhandle west to e. LA, and East Gulf Coastal Plain endemic.
Asteraceae	Carphephorus tomentosus	Carolina Chaffhead	Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, and longleaf pine sandhills.	Se. VA south to s. GA.
Asteraceae	Carthamus	Distaff-thistle
Asteraceae	Carthamus creticus	Smooth Distaff-thistle	Waste area around wool-combing mill, ballast, other disturbed areas.	Native of s. Europe and n. Africa. Reported by Nesom (2004d) for SC, as C. baeticus.
Asteraceae	Carthamus tinctorius	Safflower	Under bird feeders as a waif, also an old ballast waif.	Native of the e. Mediterranean region.
Asteraceae	Centaurea	Star-thistle, Knapweed
Asteraceae	Centaurea ×moncktonii	Meadow Knapweed	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow (2011) report its naturalization in Alleghany Co. NC.
Asteraceae	Centaurea ×varnensis		Disturbed areas, along railroads and in cemeteries.
Asteraceae	Centaurea aspera	Rough Star-Thistle	Port waif from the 19th century.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea benedicta	Blessed-thistle	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea calcitrapa	Purple Star-thistle, Caltrops	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea cineraria	Dusty Miller, Silver Knapweed, Velvet Centaurea	Probably only a waif.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea diffusa	Tumble Knapweed, White-flowered Knapweed	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea diluta	North African Knapweed	Disturbed areas, probably only a waif in our region.	Native of sw. Europe and n. Africa.
Asteraceae	Centaurea jacea	Brown Knapweed	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. This species is increasing rapidly in the VA Ridge and Valley. Reported for Alleghany County, NC (Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow 2011).
Asteraceae	Centaurea macrocephala		Waif on ore piles.	Native of w. Asia and e. Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea melitensis	Maltese Star-thistle	Roadsides, disturbed areas, eastwards as a ballast and mill waif (waste areas near wool-combing mills, ballast near old seaports).	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea nigra	Black Knapweed, Spanish-buttons	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Centaurea nigrescens	Tyrol Knapweed, Short-fringed Knapweed	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. This species is increasing rapidly in the n. VA Piedmont. Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow (2011) report the naturalization of C. nigrescens in Alleghany Co. NC.
Asteraceae	Centaurea phrygia	Wig Knapweed	Disturbed areas, persistent or spread from seed mixes.	Native of Europe. Reported for GA Piedmont in Zomlefer et al. (2018). Reported for VA in FNA.
Asteraceae	Centaurea scabiosa	Greater Knapweed, Hardheads	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Naturalized in KY, PA, NJ (FNA), and other states in e. North America.
Asteraceae	Centaurea solstitialis	Barnaby's-thistle, Yellow Star-thistle	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe. First reported for SC by Hill & Horn (1997).
Asteraceae	Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos	Spotted Knapweed, Bushy Knapweed	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Centipeda
Asteraceae	Centipeda minima		Disturbed areas.	Native of Australia.
Asteraceae	Centratherum	Larkdaisy
Asteraceae	Centratherum punctatum	Larkdaisy	Disturbed areas.	Native of West Indies, Central America, and South America.
Asteraceae	Chaetopappa	Least-daisy
Asteraceae	Chaetopappa asteroides	Tiny Lazy-daisy	Sandy open areas, Catahoula barrens; eastwards in waste areas near wool-combing mills.	MO and se. KS south to w. LA, s. TX, and Mexico; reported for SC by Nesom (2004d).
Asteraceae	Chaetopappa bellidifolia	Edwards Plateau Lazy-daisy	Rocky and alluvial calcareous areas.	Endemic to Edwards Plateau, TX, and adjacent provinces to the east and northeast.
Asteraceae	Chaetopappa bellioides	Many-flower Lazy-daisy	Open, calcareous upland sites.	C. TX, w. TX, south through s. TX to Mexico (AGS, CHH, COA, DGO, JAL, NLE, SLP, TAM, ZAC).
Asteraceae	Chaetopappa imberbis	Awnless Lazy-daisy	Deep, loose sand of oak woodlands.	Endemic to se. TX.
Asteraceae	Chaetopappa modesta	Rio Grande Lazy-daisy	Open sites in brushland.	Rio Grande Valley of s. TX and adjacent n. TAM.
Asteraceae	Chamaemelum	Chamomile
Asteraceae	Chamaemelum nobile	Garden Chamomile	Persistent from cultivation in gardens.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Chaptalia	Sunbonnets
Asteraceae	Chaptalia albicans	White Sunbonnets	Pine rocklands, marl prairies.	S. FL; West Indies; Mexico (CAM, CHP, ROO, SLP, VER, YUC) and Central America.
Asteraceae	Chaptalia carduacea		In deep soils, in forests and woodlands.	Sc. TX south into Mexico.
Asteraceae	Chaptalia texana	Silverpuff, Heal-and-Draw	Shallow rocky woodlands over limestone.	Sc. and sw. TX south to c. Mexico.
Asteraceae	Chaptalia tomentosa	Sunbonnets, Pineland Daisy, Night-nodding Bog-dandelion, Woolly Sunbonnets	Pine savannas, sandhill seeps, pine flatwoods.	E. NC south s. FL and west to e. TX; allegedly disjunct in Hispaniola (Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong 2012).
Asteraceae	Chevreulia	Chevreulia
Asteraceae	Chevreulia acuminata	Sharp-leaved Skyseed	Lawns, other mowed grassy areas.	Native of South America. Well-established in SC and spreading rapidly (K. Bradley, pers.comm. 2022). Reported for NC Coastal Plain (Krings, Banks, & Glasgow 2024) and in social media for NC Piedmont (Mecklenburg County) in 2023.
Asteraceae	Chevreulia sarmentosa	Blunt-leaved Skyseed	Established and spreading as a lawn weed (Horry County, SC; K. Bradley, pers.comm. 2021); waste area near wool-combing mill.	Native of s. South America. Reported for SC by Nesom (2004d).
Asteraceae	Chloracantha
Asteraceae	Chloracantha spinosa	Spiny-aster, Mexican-devilweed, Devilweed-aster	Riverbanks, swamps, marshes, saline flats.	S. LA, OK, NM, AZ, and CA south to sc. Mexico (many states); other varieties occur in w. Mexico and southwards to Panama.
Asteraceae	Chondrilla	Skeleton-weed
Asteraceae	Chondrilla juncea	Skeleton-weed, Gum-succory	Cultivated fields, disturbed areas, roadsides.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Chromolaena
Asteraceae	Chromolaena frustrata	Cape Sable Thoroughwort	Coastal strands, coastal rock barrens, rockland hammock edges, buttonwood woodlands.	Endemic to s. peninsular FL.
Asteraceae	Chromolaena ivifolia	Ivy-leaf Thoroughwort	Prairies and fields, disturbed areas.	S. FL, Panhandle FL, s. AL, s. MS, TX; West Indies, Mexico (CHP, OAX, QRO, SLP, VER), Central America, and South America (Woods, Diamond, & Searcy 2003; Kartesz 1999; Nesom 2006ll).
Asteraceae	Chromolaena odorata	Crucita, Jack-in-the-Bush, Jackney Bush	Hammocks, thickets, disturbed areas.	Peninsular FL; West Indies; s. TX south into Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Asteraceae	Chrysanthemum	Chrysanthemum
Asteraceae	Chrysanthemum indicum	Garden Chrysanthemum	Cultivated as an ornamental, persistent or perhaps naturalized at widely scattered locations.	Native of e. and se. Asia.
Asteraceae	Chrysogonum	Green-and-gold
Asteraceae	Chrysogonum australe	Gulf Coast Green-and-gold	Moist to fairly dry woodlands and forests.	FL Panhandle and sc. and sw. GA west to e. LA.
Asteraceae	Chrysogonum repens	Carolina Green-and-gold	Moist to fairly dry woodlands and forests.	Ne. SC, sc. NC, nw. NC, sw. VA, ne. TN., c. and w. WV, and se. OH, south to e. GA, c. GA, and ec. AL.
Asteraceae	Chrysogonum species 1	Ocoee Green-and-gold	Moist to fairly dry woodlands and forests.	TN and SC south to GA.
Asteraceae	Chrysogonum virginianum	Northern Green-and-gold, Virginia Green-and-gold	Moist to fairly dry woodlands and forests.	E. VA, sc. PA, and e. WV, south to se. NC, nc. SC, nw. NC, and sw. VA.
Asteraceae	Chrysoma	Woody Goldenrod
Asteraceae	Chrysoma pauciflosculosa	Woody Goldenrod	Coastal dunes, xeric sands of very barren, open, white-sand sandhills, fluvial dunes, and less commonly in driest habitats in the fall-line Sandhills, on the Gul Coast sometimes an increaser in disturbed sandy sites.	S. NC south to n. FL and west to s. MS. The single c. FL record (Lake County; R. Mulholland, pers. comm., 2023) seems questionable (but not impossible) as a natural occurrence.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis	Golden-aster
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis cruiseana	Cruise's Goldenaster	Coastal sand dunes.	FL Panhandle.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis delaneyi	DeLaney’s Goldenaster	Yellow sand longleaf pine sandhills and Florida scrub.	FL peninsula (Lake and Orange counties south to Broward County).
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis floridana	Florida Goldenaster	Florida scrub.	Endemic to wc. Peninsular FL
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis godfreyi	Godfrey's Goldenaster	Coastal sand dunes.	FL Panhandle and s. AL
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis gossypina	Cottonleaf Goldenaster	Longleaf pine sandhills, coastal dunes, Florida scrub, other dry sandy places.	Se. VA south to c. peninsular FL and sw. GA.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis highlandsensis	Highlands Goldenaster	Florida scrub and scrubby flatwoods.	Endemic to c. peninsular FL.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis hyssopifolia	Hyssopleaf Goldenaster	Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, dry pine flatwoods, other dry sands.	N. FL peninsula west to FL Panhandle, s. AL, s. MS, and se. LA
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis lanuginosa	Lynn Haven Goldenaster	Longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to FL Panhandle and nearby s. AL (Diamond 2020).
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis latisquamea		Longleaf pine sandhills.	Ne. FL south to c. peninsular FL.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis linearifolia		Florida scrub, longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to FL Panhandle and s. AL.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis mariana	Maryland Golden-aster	Longleaf pine sandhills, dry pine flatwoods, dry forests and woodlands, roadsides, other dry habitats.	Se. NY and RI (Block Island) west to se. OH, c. KY, w. TN, south to c. peninsular FL and se. TX.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis scabrella		Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, disturbed sandy soils.	FL peninsula; also disjunct at scattered sites in the Carolinas, where uncertainly native.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis species 1	Dress’s Goldenaster	Longleaf pine sandhills.	FL peninsula (Alachua County southwards).
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis subulata	Scrub Golden-aster	Longleaf pine flatwoods, Florida scrubby flatwoods.	N. FL peninsula to s. FL.
Asteraceae	Chrysopsis trichophylla		Longleaf pine sandhills, sandy roadsides, coastal dunes.
Asteraceae	Cicerbita
Asteraceae	Cicerbita muralis	Wall-lettuce	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Cichorium	Chicory
Asteraceae	Cichorium endivia	Endive	Gardens, roadsides, fields.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Cichorium intybus	Chicory, Succory, Blue-sailors, Witloof	Roadsides, fencerows, vacant lots, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. See Anderson (2007) for FL record.
Asteraceae	Cirsium	Thistle
Asteraceae	Cirsium altissimum	Tall Thistle	Pastures, woodlands, thickets.	MA west to ND, south to Panhandle FL (Jackson County) and e. TX.
Asteraceae	Cirsium arvense	Canada Thistle, Field Thistle	Pastures, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Cirsium carolinianum	Carolina Thistle, Spring Thistle, Prairie Thistle	Prairies and open woodlands, primarily over mafic, ultramafic, or calcareous rocks.	N. VA west to s. OH and MO, south to w. SC, n. GA, AL, and TX. In the eastern part of the Southeast, C. carolinianum seems to be restricted to prairies and woodlands (or maintained powerline or road rights-of-way) over circumneutral rocks and soils, in situations which were oak savannas or even prairies prior to fire suppression.
Asteraceae	Cirsium discolor	Field Thistle	Pastures, woodlands, thickets.	QC west to MB, south to NC, MS, LA, and KS.
Asteraceae	Cirsium engelmannii	Engelmann's Thistle	Prairies, oak savannas.	Sw. AR and s. OK south to nw. LA and e. TX.
Asteraceae	Cirsium hillii	Hill's Thistle	Dry prairies, glades and barrens over calcareous substrates.	ON, MI, WI, and MN south to wc. IN, c. IL, and ne. MO.
Asteraceae	Cirsium horridulum var. horridulum	Common Yellow Thistle, Bull Thistle	Roadsides, woodlands, pine savannas.	ME south to FL, west to TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain and adjacent provinces; also Mexico and Bahamas.
Asteraceae	Cirsium horridulum var. megacanthum	Bigspine Thistle	Moist ground.	AL and Panhandle FL west to TX and OK.
Asteraceae	Cirsium horridulum var. vittatum	Southern Yellow Thistle, Pineland Thistle	Wet pine savannas.	Se. NC south to s. peninsular FL and Panhandle FL, west to s. MS and e. LA; Bahamas; West Indies.
Asteraceae	Cirsium lecontei	LeConte's Thistle	Wet loamy pine savannas, seepage bogs.	E. NC south to Panhandle FL, west to LA.
Asteraceae	Cirsium muticum	Swamp Thistle	Swamps, wet thickets, woodlands, seepage slopes, wet prairies, meadows.	NL (Newfoundland) west to SK, south to DE, NC, TN, and MO, and less commonly south to FL, AL (Diamond & Woods 2009), and TX.
Asteraceae	Cirsium nuttallii	Nuttall's Thistle, Coastal Tall Thistle	Longleaf pine savannas, roadsides, pastures, wet hammocks, dry hammocks, prairies.	Se. VA south to s. FL, west to LA and AR. Reported for the first time from NC by Krings, Westbrooks, & Lloyd (2002).
Asteraceae	Cirsium ochrocentrum	Yellow-spine Thistle	Dry, gravelly or sandy soils of prairies, pastures, open disturbed areas.	SD, WY, NV, and OR south to ec. TX, w. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (BCN, CHH, COA, DGO, SON, ZAC).
Asteraceae	Cirsium palustre	Marsh Thistle	Damp forests and fields.	Native of Eurasia.
Asteraceae	Cirsium pumilum	Pasture Thistle	Pastures, thickets, and woodlands, perhaps especially over mafic rocks.	S. ME west to w. NY, south to DE, and w. NC.
Asteraceae	Cirsium repandum	Sandhill Thistle	Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry sandy habitats.	Se. VA south to e. GA, nearly endemic to the Carolinas. Similar in distribution to Vaccinium crassifolium, Carphephorus bellidifolius, and Baptisia cinerea, which are all locally abundant endemic indicators of Carolina pinelands.
Asteraceae	Cirsium texanum	Texas Thistle	Woodlands, pine savannas, pastures, fields, roadsides.	OK and NM south through TX to Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, NLE, SLP, TAM).
Asteraceae	Cirsium undulatum	Wavy-leaf Thistle	Dry prairies, pastures, disturbed areas.	MB west to BC, south to sc. TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico (CHH, COA, DGO, NLE, SON).
Asteraceae	Cirsium virginianum	Virginia Thistle	Moist to fairly dry pine savannas, bogs.	S. NJ south to ne. FL, on the Coastal Plain.
Asteraceae	Cirsium vulgare	Bull Thistle	Meadows, pastures, and disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Asteraceae	Cladanthus
Asteraceae	Cladanthus mixtus	Moroccan Chamomile	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa.
Asteraceae	Clappia
Asteraceae	Clappia suaedifolia	Clapp-Daisy, Clappia	Subsaline, poorly-drained clay flats.	S. TX south to ne. Mexico (NLE, TAM)
Asteraceae	Conoclinium	Mistflower
Asteraceae	Conoclinium betonicifolium	Betony-leaf Mistflower	Brackish marshes.	Se. TX to s. TX.
Asteraceae	Conoclinium coelestinum	Mistflower, Ageratum	Streambanks, moist to wet disturbed areas, especially ditches, probably more common than formerly.	NJ west to IL, c. MO, se. KS, and OK, south to s. FL and c. TX; also in Cuba, and scattered farther north (as in NY, n. OH, and n. IN) probably as escapes from cultivation.
Asteraceae	Conoclinium dichotomum	Chapman's Mistflower, Florida Mistflower	Moist open areas, ditches.	Peninsular FL and scattered along the Gulf Coast; possibly Cuba.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis	Coreopsis, Tickseed
Asteraceae	Coreopsis aristulata		Wet pine savannas, underlain by calcareous rock.	Known from several sites on the Onslow-Pender county (NC) line, where growing with other narrow endemics, such as Thalictrum cooleyi, Carex lutea, Allium species 1, and Scleria bellii.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis auriculata	Lobed Coreopsis	Moist slopes and woodlands.	C. and ne. VA, s. WV, and KY south to MS, AL, and GA.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis bakeri	Florida Glade Coreopsis	Calcareous glades.	Endemic to Jackson County, FL; later found (2022) in MS (J. Kees, pers.comm, 2022).
Asteraceae	Coreopsis basalis	Texas Coreopsis	Sandy roadsides and fields.	Probably native only west of the Mississippi River (s. AR and s. OK south to se. LA and s. TX), now distributed across the Coastal Plain from TX east to FL and north to NC.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis delphiniifolia	Larkspur Coreopsis	Dry woodlands.	The species ranges from e. VA and s. NC south to c. GA, and se. TN (Polk County) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), and reputedly AL.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis falcata	Pool Coreopsis	Peat bogs, very wet savannas, ditches and borrow pits in savannas.	The species is endemic to the Coastal Plain of se. VA (City of Chesapeake), e. NC, e. SC, and e. GA; disjunct in Oconee County, SC and Henderson County, NC. First reported for VA by Wieboldt et al. (1998).
Asteraceae	Coreopsis floridana	Florida Coreopsis	Mesic to wet pine flatwoods, longleaf pine flatwoods, wet disturbed areas, mixed herbaceous seepage slopes, wet prairies.	FL Panhandle south to s. FL (largely absent from ne. FL). Two vouchers initially labeled as C. floridana in Tift and Grady counties, GA (S. Carr 6248; R. Kral 94508) have both been annotated as C. gladiata by A. Franck and D. Spaulding, respectively (S. Ward, pers. comm.). This species; therefore, appears to be a true Florida endemic, having never been legitimately vouchered from Georgia.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis gladiata	Seepage Coreopsis	Wet pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, sandhill seepage bogs, pitcher plant bogs, cataract bogs.	Se. NC south to c. FL and west to s. MS; scattered inland as a disjunct in montane (and sometimes uppermost piedmontane) sw. NC, nw. SC, and n. GA.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis grandiflora var. grandiflora	Large-flowered Coreopsis	In thin soils of rock outcrops, especially granitic flatrocks and granite domes.	Var. grandiflora ranges from c. GA and w. SC west to e. TX and e. OK, very scattered in distribution; it differs from var. harveyana in having the leaf divisions 2-6 mm wide (vs. 0.5-2 mm wide).
Asteraceae	Coreopsis grandiflora var. harveyana	Large-flowered Coreopsis	Sandy woodlands, disturbed areas.	Var. harveyana is the most abundant variety of the C. grandiflora complex, probably originally endemic to AR, n. LA, ne. TX, OK, e. KS, and s. and c. MO, but now scattered eastward to IN, NC, and SC.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis grandiflora var. inclinata	Ketona Tickseed, Ketona Coreopsis	Dolomite glades.	Endemic to dolomitic Ketona glades of c. AL (Allison & Stevens 2001).
Asteraceae	Coreopsis grandiflora var. longipes		Sandy woods.	Var. longipes (Hooker) Torrey & Gray is endemic to e. TX and s. OK.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis grandiflora var. saxicola	Stone Mountain Coreopsis	Granitic and sandstone outcrops.	C. GA, ec. AL, MS, and nc. AR.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis integrifolia	Chipola Dye-flower	Banks and floodplains of small blackwater streams (especially over limestone), edges of swamp forests bordering longleaf pinelands or bordering brackish marshes, floodplain-adjacent roadsides and pipeline rights-of-way.	Se. SC south to FL Panhandle, apparently rare throughout its range.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis intermedia	Golden-wave Tickseed	In deep sandy soils in openings of post oak woodlands, longleaf pine and shortleaf pine woodlands, and other dry sandy woodlands.	Sw. AR south to w. LA and e. TX.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis lanceolata	Longstalk Coreopsis	Open sandy prairies; eastwards in disturbed areas.	S. MA, MI and WI south to c. peninsular FL, e. TX, and NM. Often spread from cultivation, its original range obscure, but perhaps limited to the sc. United States.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis latifolia	Broadleaf Coreopsis	In rich, moist, cove forests and slopes at medium elevations, primarily from 500 m in the Blue Ridge Escarpment to nearly 1500 m, often locally abundant.	A Southern Appalachian endemic: sw. NC and se. TN (Polk County) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) south into nw. SC and ne. GA.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis leavenworthii	Leavenworth’s Tickweed	Wet pine flatwoods, adjacent ditches.	S. GA and s. AL south to and s. FL.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis linifolia	Savanna Coreopsis	Pine savannas, sandhill seeps, sandhill-pocosin ecotones.	Se. VA south to ne. and Panhandle FL, west to e. TX.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis major	Woodland Coreopsis	Dry woodlands, dry and dry-mesic forests, longleaf pine sandhills, roadsides.	W. VA, WV, s. OH, and KY south to GA, FL Panhandle, s. AL, s.MS, and se. LA; disjunct in w. LA.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis nudata	Swamp Coreopsis	Seasonally flooded pineland depressions, either herbaceous-dominated or under a canopy of Taxodium ascendens.	E. GA (in close proximity to SC) south to ne. FL and Panhandle FL, west to e. LA. See Barger et al. (2023) for confirmation of its imperilment in AL.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis nuecensis	Crown Tickseed	Sandy soils of oak woodlands.	Native of c. and s. TX; introduced eastward, as in e. LA and St. Johns County, FL.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis nuecensoides	Rio Grande Tickseed	Sandy soils of post oak and oak-mesquite woodlands.	E., se., and s. TX.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis palmata	Finger Coreopsis, Stiff Tickseed, Prairie Coreopsis	Prairies, glades, oak savannas, woodlands, roadsides.	Se. MI, WI, and MN south to n. LA and se. OK.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis palustris	Beadle's Coreopsis	Blackwater swamp forests, wet and very wet loamy pine savannas, tidal freshwater swamp forests, swamp edges, borrow pits.	Se. NC south to ne. FL (records outside this area, so far as is known, all represent misidentifications).
Asteraceae	Coreopsis pubescens var. debilis		Pine flatwoods, other habitats.	C. TN south through AL and ne. MS to w. FL, s. AL, s. MS, and se. LA.
Asteraceae	Coreopsis pubescens var. pubescens	Common Hairy Coreopsis	Forests, woodlands, and rock outcrops.	The species as a whole is largely centered in the Southern Appalachians and Ozarks-Ouachitas, with scattered outlying occurrences; var. pubescens has essentially the range of the species, from s. VA, s. KY, s. IL, and s. MO south to nw. FL, MS, and LA.

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