| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betulaceae | Alnus | Alder |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Betulaceae | Alnus crispa | Green Alder, Mountain Alder | Grassy balds, shrub balds, spruce-fir forests, and rock outcrops at high elevations (1600-1900m) in the Roan Mountain Massif, Mitchell and Avery counties, NC and Carter County, TN. | Greenland to Northwest Territories south to Massachusetts, New York (Adirondacks), n. Michigan, n. Wisconsin, c. Minnesota, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; disjunct in montane Pennsylvania; disjunct on the Roan Mountain massif (Mitchell and Avery counties, North Carolina and Carter County, Tennessee). |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Betulaceae | Alnus glutinosa | Black Alder, European Alder | Disturbed areas, suburban woodlands, wetland restoration areas (where sometimes planted and spreading). | Native of Europe. Sometimes cultivated, especially northward, and naturalizing in wetlands southwards at least to e. Tennessee and w. North Carolina. Also been reported for Morgan County, Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). Reported as well-established in Washington County Virginia (Virginia Botanical Associates 2018). |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Betulaceae | Alnus maritima ssp. georgiensis | Georgia Alder | Standing water of Ridge-and-Valley spring run. | Endemic to a single site in Bartow County, Georgia. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Betulaceae | Alnus maritima ssp. maritima | Seaside Alder, Delmarva Alder | Ecotones between fresh tidal marshes and tidal swamps, open-canopy Atlantic white cedar swamps, streambanks, ponds, shores. | Endemic to five counties in the Delmarva Peninsula of Maryland and Delaware. |  (c) Gorrell, Jared - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Betulaceae | Alnus maritima ssp. oklahomensis | Oklahoma Alder | Endemic to Johnston and Pontotoc counties, sc. Oklahoma. |  (c) Jordan, Jeremy - CC-BY-ND | |
| Betulaceae | Alnus rubra | ||||
| Betulaceae | Alnus rugosa | Speckled Alder | Swamps, wet thickets, marshes, alluvial shores, other seepy or saturated wetlands; braided streamhead seepage swamps (in VA). | Newfoundland and Labrador west to Saskatchewan, south to e. Maryland, w. Virginia, West Virginia, Indiana, n. Illinois, ne. Iowa, Minnesota, and e. North Dakota. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Betulaceae | Alnus serrulata | Tag Alder, Smooth Alder, Hazel Alder | Streambanks, bogs, wet thickets, pondshores, lakeshores. | Nova Scotia west to s. Québec, Missouri, and Oklahoma, south to ne. Florida, Panhandle Florida, and Texas. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Betula | Birch |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Betulaceae | Betula alleghaniensis | Yellow Birch | Forests at medium to high elevations, rarely at low elevations. Northward in a variety of cooler mesic to wet forests and swamps. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to se. Manitoba, south to Pennsylvania, Ohio, n. Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa, and in the mountains south to w. North Carolina, n. Georgia, and e. Tennessee. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Betulaceae | Betula cordifolia | Mountain Paper Birch, Heartleaf Birch, Speckled Birch | High elevation forests, southwards primarily on talus of avalanche chutes (as in the Black Mountains, Yancey County, NC, and the Great Smoky Mountains, Sevier County, TN), and on talus slopes and adjacent forests at high elevations. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and e. Québec south to the mountains of New York; disjunct in n. Minnesota, e. West Virginia (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), w. North Carolina, and e. Tennessee (Sevier County; Tennessee Flora Committee 2015). |  (c) Oldham, Michael J. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Betulaceae | Betula lenta var. lenta | Sweet Birch, Cherry Birch, Black Birch, "Mahogany" | Forests at low to high elevations; common (uncommon in Piedmont). | S. Maine west to Ohio, south to Georgia and n. Alabama. This species is generally restricted elevationally in North Carolina to medium elevations and lower, but in Virginia and northwards it reaches higher elevations, where it can be as common as B. alleghaniensis. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Betulaceae | Betula lenta var. uber | Virginia Roundleaf Birch | Stony, alluvial soils of a mountain valley floodplain (endemic to Smyth County, VA). | B. lenta var. uber is related very closely to B. lenta var. lenta, and is apparently endemic to Smyth County, Virginia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Betulaceae | Betula nigra | River Birch, Red Birch | Riverbanks, streambanks, floodplains, sandbars, disturbed uplands. | New Hampshire west to se. Minnesota and e. Kansas, south to ne. Florida, Florida Panhandle, and e. Texas. |  (c) Taylor, Shawn - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Betula papyrifera | Paper Birch, Canoe Birch, White Birch | Dry soils, in VA especially on quartzite on the western flank of the Blue Ridge, and on sandstone talus in the Ridge and Valley. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland), Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) and Alaska, south to New Jersey, West Virginia (Vanderhorst et al. 2019), w. Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, and British Columbia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Betulaceae | Betula pendula ssp. pendula | Silver Birch, European Weeping Birch, European White Birch | Persistent and escaping from plantings. | Native of Europe. Reported for Watauga County, North Carolina by Poindexter (pers. comm.). |  (c) botany08 - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Betula populifolia | Gray Birch, White Birch, Wire Birch | Woods, thickets, in VA native in old fields and young forests in the Big Meadows area on greenstone (Madison & Page counties, VA), disturbed areas. | Nova Scotia to s. Québec, south to s. New Jersey and Maryland, more or less disjunct in n. Virginia, s. Ontario, n. Ohio, and n. Indiana. | (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Betulaceae | Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens | European White Birch, Downy Birch | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Also reported as an introduction in e. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988) and at scattered sites throughout Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Block 2007). |  (c) Fahrenholz, Arne - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Betula pumila | Bog Birch | Fens, swamps, bogs. | Newfoundland and Labrador west to Alaska, south to nw. New Jersey, e. Ohio, sw. Ohio, n. Indiana, n. Illinois, ne. Iowa, North Dakota, Montana, and Oregon. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Betulaceae | Betulaceae | Birch Family | (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Betulaceae | Carpinus | Hornbeam, Ironwood, Muscle-tree, Water-beech, Blue-beech |  (c) Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Betulaceae | Carpinus caroliniana var. caroliniana | Coastal American Hornbeam, Muscletree, Leantree, Lechillo, Water Beech | Streambanks, riverbanks, bottomland forests, lower slopes, maritime forests. | E. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Texas, and north in the inland to s. Missouri and s. Illinois. |  (c) Guin, Karen - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana | Inland American Hornbeam, Blue Beech | Rich cove forests, streambanks, riverbanks, bottomland forests, lower slopes. | Maine, Québec and s. Ontario west to Minnesota, south to e. Virginia, c. North Carolina, n. Georgia, n. Alabama, n. Mississippi, Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma |  (c) Dobles, Judy - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Corylus | Hazelnut, Filbert |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Betulaceae | Corylus americana | American Hazel, American Filbert | Rocky woodlands, mesic to rich forests and thickets. | Maine west to Saskatchewan, south to Georgia, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Betulaceae | Corylus avellana | European Hazel, European Filbert | Suburban woodlands, thickets, and streambanks. | Native of Europe and w. Asia. Reported as locally naturalizing in n. Virginia (Alexandria) by Wright et al. (2023). |  (c) jamie-aa - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Corylus cornuta var. cornuta | Beaked Hazel | Dry rocky woodlands, thickets, high elevation forests and openings, seepage swamps. | The species ranges from Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, n. Georgia, e. Tennessee (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), Ohio, Missouri, Colorado, and California. |  (c) Costello, Laura - CC-BY |
| Betulaceae | Ostrya | Hop-hornbeam, Ironwood |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Betulaceae | Ostrya virginiana | American Hop-hornbeam, Ironwood, Leverwood | Mesic to dry forests, often rocky, especially over basic rocks, reaching high elevations. | Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to c. peninsular Florida, Panhandle Florida, and Texas. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |