239 results for family: Euphorbiaceae. More search options

Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution	Image
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha	Copperleaf, Three-seeded Mercury
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha alopecuroidea	Foxtail Copperleaf	Disturbed areas.	Native of the Neotropics.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha arvensis		Disturbed ground.	Native of West Indies, Mexico, and Central America. Reported inside greenhouses in Madison County, KY (Adanick & Medley 2020).
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha australis	Asian Copperleaf	Disturbed areas.	Native of e. Asia.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha chamaedrifolia	Everglades Copperleaf	Pine rocklands, marl prairies, disturbed uplands.	S. FL; West Indies.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha deamii	Big-seeded Copperleaf, Two-seeded Copperleaf	Alluvial forests, especially on sandy levees.	Sw. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), s. OH, and s. IN south to w. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) and n. AR; apparently disjunct east of the Blue Ridge in VA (where now known from 23 counties, mainly in the Piedmont) and WV (Jefferson County, along the Potomac River), but perhaps only overlooked elsewhere.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha gracilens	Shortstalk Copperleaf, Slender Copperleaf	Woodlands, disturbed ground.	ME west to WI, south to FL and TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha herzogiana	Strawberry Firetails, Dwarf Cattail	Disturbed ground, grown as an ornamental, and escaping via vegetative growth.	Native of South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha monococca	Ozark Copperleaf	Glades, prairies, oak woodlands, woodland edges.	IL and se. IA south to w. LA and e. and c. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha monostachya	Round Copperleaf	Dry, rocky or gravelly areas.	S. and w. TX south to s. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha ostryifolia	Rough-pod Copperleaf, Hop-hornbeam Copperleaf	Dry, sandy soil of woodlands, disturbed ground, ditches.	NJ west to IN and NE, south to FL, TX; West Indies.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha phleoides	Lindheimer's Copperleaf	Rocky slopes, especially over limestone.	Nc. TX c. NM, and s. AZ south to s. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha poiretii		Dry sandy or gravelly areas (s. TX); eastwards in our region as a waif on ballast, perhaps in other disturbed areas.	S. TX, south into Mexico and beyond. Native of the Neotropics.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha radians	Round-Croton, Yerba de la Rabia, Cardinal's-feather	Dry sandy or gravelly areas.	C. TX south to n. Mexico (SLP, TAM, VER).
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha rhomboidea	Rhombic Copperleaf	Woodlands, disturbed ground.	NS and ME west to ND, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha setosa	Cuban Copperleaf	Disturbed ground.	Native of West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and n. South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha virginica	Virginia Copperleaf	Woodlands and disturbed ground.	ME west to IN, IL, MO, and KS, south to c. GA and TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha wilkesiana	Painted Copperleaf, Beefsteak-plant, Match-me-if-you-can, Wilkes’s Copperleaf	Disturbed uplands.	Cultivar presumably originating in the Pacific Islands (Bismarck Archipelago).
Euphorbiaceae	Adelia	Wild-Lime
Euphorbiaceae	Adelia vaseyi	Vasey's Wild-Lime, Vasey's Adelia	Subtropical woodlands and chaparral on loamy soils.	S. TX and n. Mexico (NLE, SIN, SLP, TAM, VER).
Euphorbiaceae	Aleurites
Euphorbiaceae	Aleurites moluccanus	Indian-walnut, Candlenut	Disturbed areas, escaped from horticultural use.	Native of Asia.
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia	Silverbush
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia aphoroides	Hill Country Ditaxis	Dry sandy and rocky areas over limestone.	Endemic to c. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia blodgettii	Blodgett’s Silverbush	Pine rocklands, rockland hammocks, coastal berms.	Endemic to s. FL.
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia humilis	Low Silverbush	Dry rocky or sandy prairies, other open areas; eastwards as a waif in disturbed ground.	Sw. KS and se. CO south to s. TX, w. TX, se. NM, and ne. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM, ZAC).
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia mercurialina var. mercurialina	Tall Silverbush	Dry prairies over limestone or sand.	KS, se. CO, and ne. AZ south to TX and NM.
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia mercurialina var. pilosissima	Carrizo Silverbush	Sandy soils of oak woodlands and prairies.	E. TX south to s. TX, especially associated with the Carrizo Sand.
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia serrata		Calcareous soils over limestone or caliche.	S. TX, c. TX, w. TX, s. NM, AZ, and s. CA south to se. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Argythamnia simulans	Plateau Silverbush	Rocky and sandy soils over limestone.	Endemic to c. TX, mainly on the Edwards Plateau.
Euphorbiaceae	Astraea	Star-Croton
Euphorbiaceae	Astraea lobata	Lobed Croton	Pine rocklands and rockland hammocks, also disturbed areas.	S. FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and sc. South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Bernardia	Myrtle-Croton, Oreja de Ratón
Euphorbiaceae	Bernardia myricifolia	Myrtle-Croton, Oreja de Ratón, Southwestern Bernardia	Thornscrub, thickets on dry, rocky slopes.	C. and s. TX south to s. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Caperonia	Caperonia
Euphorbiaceae	Caperonia castaneifolia		Florida wet prairies, swamps, marshes, ditches, lakeshores.	FL peninsula; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Caperonia palustris	Sacatrapo, Texas-weed	Wet disturbed areas, a weed in rice fields.	Native of the Neotropics.
Euphorbiaceae	Chrozophora	Dyer's Croton
Euphorbiaceae	Chrozophora tinctoria	Dyer's Croton, Giradol	On ballast or ore piles in ports.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and w. and s. Asia.
Euphorbiaceae	Cnidoscolus	Spurge-nettle
Euphorbiaceae	Cnidoscolus stimulosus	Spurge-nettle, Tread-softly, Finger-rot, Bull-nettle	Longleaf pine sandhills, dry sandy woodlands, other dry sandy soils.	Se. VA south to s. FL, west to e. LA, mostly on the Coastal Plain, but farther inland southward.
Euphorbiaceae	Cnidoscolus texanus	Texas Bull-nettle, Mala Mujer	Longleaf pine sandhills, sandy open areas, other dry woodlands.	AR and OK south to sw. LA, TX, and ne. Mexico (NLE, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Codiaeum
Euphorbiaceae	Codiaeum variegatum	Garden Croton	Houseplant, sometimes grown outside, particularly southwards, persisting or weakly spreading.	Native of tropical Asia.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton	Croton, Doveweed, Rushfoil
Euphorbiaceae	Croton alabamensis var. alabamensis	Alabama Croton	Dry to mesic limestone and dolostone glades, woodlands, and wooded ravines.	Endemic to scattered populations in c. AL; alleged populations in sc. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) are apparently based on mislabeled specimens (Wurdack 2006).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton alabamensis var. texensis	Texabama Croton	Limestone canyon slopes.	Endemic to ec. TX (Bell, Coryell, and Travis counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton argenteus		Loamy soils of the Rio Grande Valley.	Native of West Indies, Central America, and South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton argyranthemus	Silver Croton, Sandhill Croton, Healing Croton	Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry sands.	C. GA and s. AL south to c. peninsular FL; w. LA and sw OK south through e. and c. TX to NLE and TAM.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton berlandieri	Salvia, Pepperbush	Brush.	S. TX south to ne. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton bonplandianus		Chrome ore piles.	Native of South America. Reported for chrome ore piles at Newport News, VA and Canton, MD (Reed 1964)
Euphorbiaceae	Croton capitatus	Woolly Croton, Hogwort, Capitate Croton, Goatweed	Glades, prairies, woodlands, fields, disturbed areas.	Native of sc. United States, the exact limits of the original native distribution unclear, perhaps something like IL west to NE, south to AL, TX, and TAM.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton ciliatoglandulifer	Mexican Croton	Brush.	S. TX, s. AZ south to se. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton cortesianus	Cortez's Croton, Palillo	Thickets.	S. TX south to se. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton coryi	Cory's Croton	Dunes, grasslands, woodland openings, in loose sands.	Endemic to s. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton dioicus	Grassland Croton, Rosval, Hierba del Gato, Rubaldo	Dry uplands.	S. TX, Panhandle TX, w. TX, n. NM south to c. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton discolor	Lechecillo
Euphorbiaceae	Croton elliottii	Pondshore Croton, Elliott's Croton	Shores and exposed drawdown zones of clay-based Carolina bays and limesink ponds (dolines).	Se. SC south to Panhandle FL, west to se. AL.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton floridanus	Florida Doveweed	Beaches, dunes, sandy disturbed areas.	Endemic to s. FL (Broward, Collier, Lee, Manatee, Martin, and Pinellas counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton fruticulosus	Encinilla, Hierba Loca	In brush on limestone or caliche.	C. TX west to s. AZ, south to n. and c. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton glandulosus var. arenicola		Beaches, dunes, sandy disturbed areas.	Endemic to s. FL (Miami-Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton glandulosus var. lindheimeri		Dry, sandy areas.	KS south to TX, NM, and TAM.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton glandulosus var. pubentissimus	South Texas Croton	Coastal and near-coastal sand dunes.	Endemic of coastal TX, from se. TX (Brazoria County) to s. TX (Cameron and Hidalgo counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis	Doveweed, Tooth-leaved Croton, Sand Croton, Northern Croton	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	C. glandulosus is widespread in tropical and subtropical America; var. septentrionalis is the northernmost variety, distributed from PA west to MN, south to FL, TX, and ne. Mexico (its exact pre-Columbian range is speculative because of its weedy nature). See discussion by Atha, Hewitt, & Wang (2020) for discussion of northern records.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton heptalon	Woolly Croton	Disturbed areas.	Native of s. TX and ne. Mexico (TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton humilis	Pepperbush, Low Croton, Salvia	Rockland hammocks, disturbed uplands.	S. FL (Miami-Dade County, Collier County, and mainland and keys of Monroe County); West Indies.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton incanus	Torrey's Croton	Calcareous loams and uplands.	S. TX and w. TX south to c. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton leucophyllus var. leucophyllus		Calcareous clay soils.	S. TX and w. TX south into n. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton lindheimeri	Goatweed, Lindheimer’s Croton	Calcareous glades, edges of crop fields, other disturbed areas.	SC, IN, MO, e. KS, and south to c. peninsular FL, s. TX and Mexico (the adventive vs. native range somewhat unclear).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton lindheimerianus var. lindheimerianus	Lindheimer's Croton, Three-seeded Croton	Sandy loam hillsides, rocky clay hillsides; fields and other disturbed soils in the eastern part of our region, adventive from farther west.	AR, s. KS, NM, and AZ south through s. LA and TX to Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Croton linearis	Pineland Croton, Grannybush	Pine rocklands, marl prairies, coastal strands, disturbed uplands.	S. FL; West Indies.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton michauxii	Sand Rushfoil, Michaux's Croton, Narrowleaf Rushfoil	Longleaf pine sandhills, disturbed sandy soils.	Se. NC and SC south to s. FL, west to TX, north in the interior to MO, IL, and IA. Fernald (1950) alleges that this species extends as far north as VA, but the documentation is unknown to me. See Ungberg (2022) for documentation of its occurrence in NC.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton monanthogynus	Prairie-tea, One-seed Croton	Limestone outcrops, blackland prairies, disturbed dry soil.	Sw. VA, OH, IN, IA, NE, and CO, south to nw. GA, FL, TX, and Mexico (COA, NLE, SLP, TAM); adventive as a weed at scattered locations east of the Blue Ridge.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton parksii	Parks's Croton	In deep sands and sandy loams.	S. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton pottsii var. pottsii	Leatherweed, Encinilla	Grasslands and scrub over limestone.	C. and s. TX, NM, and AZ south to Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton punctatus	Silverleaf Croton, Beach-tea, Gulf Croton, Hierba de Jabali	Beach dunes, coastal grasslands, usually with Uniola paniculata and/or Spartina patens.	NC (Dare County) south to s. FL, west to TX, and south through e. Mexico into Central and n. South America; West Indies.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton soliman	Soliman's Croton	Thickets.	Extreme se. TX (Cameron County) south to ne. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton texensis	Texas Croton, Skunkweed	Sandy or sandy loam areas; eastwards in disturbed areas.	W. MO, SD, WY, and UT south to TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Croton trinitatis		Ballast piles, apparently only a waif.	Native of Central and South America. Collected once in Pensacola, Escambia County, FL
Euphorbiaceae	Croton willdenowii	Glade Rushfoil, Outcrop Rushfoil, Broadleaf Rushfoil, Willdenow's Croton	Granitic flatrocks, diabase barrens, calcareous barrens, thin soils around other rock outcrops, open woodlands, disturbed sandy soil.	CT, se. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), IL, and se. KS, south to ne. FL, Panhandle FL, and TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Dalechampia
Euphorbiaceae	Dalechampia scandens var. scandens	Spurgecreeper	Tropical hammocks.	Native of West Indies, n. Mexico south to South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Ditrysinia	Sebastian-bush
Euphorbiaceae	Ditrysinia fruticosa	Sebastian-bush	Blackwater natural levees and bottomland hardwood forests, other wet to moist, mostly shaded, habitats.	Se. NC south to c. peninsular FL, west to e. TX and sw. AR.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia	Spurge
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia albomarginata	White-margin Sandmat, Rattlesnakeweed	Usually in poorly-drained clay soils or prairies, roadsides, and fields.	OK, se. CO, s. UT, NV, and CA south to TX, NM, AZ, and c. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia angusta	Blackfoot Euphorbia, Blackfoot Sandmat, Narrowleaf Spurge	Rocky limestone areas.	Endemic to c. to w. TX, mainly Edwards Plateau.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia apocynifolia		Calcareous forests.	S. SC south to Panhandle FL, west to s. MS.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia austrotexana var. austrotexana		Sandy plains and dunes.	Endemic in s. TX (Atascosa, Bexar, and Wilson counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia austrotexana var. carrii		Sandy soils.	Endemic to s. TX (Jim Hogg and Kenedy counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia bicolor	Snow-on-the-prairie	Prairies (usually in "tight clay soil"), roadsides, disturbed areas.	AR and OK south to w. LA and e. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia blodgettii	Blodgett's Sandmat	Dunes, rockland hammocks, longleaf pine sandhills, tidal marshes.	Endemic to FL peninsula (from St. Johns and Levy counties, FL south to s. FL).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia bombensis	Southern Seaside Spurge, Dixie Sandmat	Open sands of dunes, dune blowouts and overwashes, often growing with perennial grasses such as Uniola paniculata, but preferring open sands with little competition, sometimes mixed with the more common E. polygonifolia. Johnson (1992) contrasted the habitat of this species with that of the closely similar E. polygonifolia; E. bombensis preferring areas behind the foredune, while E. polygonifolia preferring the pioneer situation on the upper beach and foredune front.	E. VA south to s. FL along the Atlantic, from s. FL to TX and Mexico (CAM, ROO, TAB, TAM, VER, YUC) along the Gulf of Mexico, and south into n. South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia cinerascens	Ashy Sandmat	Dry soil.	South to n. Mexico (CHH, COA, GTO, NLE, SLP, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia commutata	Woodland Spurge, Tinted Spurge	Rich forests and rock outcrops, over calcareous or mafic rocks.	PA west to s. ON and MN, south to ne. and Panhandle FL and ne. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia conferta	Everglade Key Sandmat	Pine rocklands, marl prairies, disturbed uplands.	Endemic to s. FL (Broward, Miami-Dade, and Monroe counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia cordifolia	Heartleaf Sandmat	Open sands of very dry longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, other dry, open habitats.	Se. NC south to c. peninsular FL and west to se. OK (Singhurst, Buthod, & Holmes 2012) and s. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia corollata	Eastern Flowering Spurge	Woodlands and forests.	NH and MA west to s. ON, MI, WI, MN, and NE, south to se.VA, c. NC, n. GA, s. AL, and e. TX (some of the northern distribution may be by expansion northwards in disturbed areas).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia cumulicola	Coastal Dune Sandmat	Dunes, Florida scrub, scrubby pine flatwoods.	Se. GA (Camden County) south to s. peninsular FL; allegedly also in w. Panhandle FL (Escambia County).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia curtisii	White Sandhills Spurge, Curtis's Spurge	Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry open areas, such as hardpan woodlands.	Sc. and se. NC to ne. FL and w. Panhandle FL, on the Coastal Plain, and less typically the lower Piedmont.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia cyathophora	Painted Leaf, Fire-on-the-mountain	Bottomland forests, dunes, streambanks, disturbed habitats.	E. VA, KS, and CA south into the New World tropics, the original range obscure.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia cyparissias	Cypress Spurge, Graveyard Spurge	Roadbanks, graveyards, waste places.	Native of Europe.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia davidii	David’s Spurge	Streambanks, riverbanks, bottomland forests, bottomland prairies, upland prairies, also in disturbed areas such as ditches, roadsides, and other open, disturbed areas.	WI west to WY, south to c. TX, NM, AZ, and south into Mexico, and also introduced more widely.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia deltoidea ssp. adhaerens		Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. peninsular FL.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia deltoidea ssp. deltoidea	Deltoid Spurge	Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. peninsular FL (s. Miami-Dade County mainland), "from about SW 76 Street south to SW 264 Street, east of Everglades National Park in Miami-Dade County" (Roger Hammer, pers. comm. 2019).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia deltoidea ssp. pinetorum		Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. peninsular FL.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia deltoidea ssp. serpyllum		Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. peninsular FL (Big Pine Key only).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia dentata	Painted Leaf, Wild Poinsettia, Toothed Spurge	Bottomland forests, disturbed areas, hedgerows, thickets, railroad cinders.	Native of sc. North America. The native distribution obscured by spread since, but apparently OH west to CO, south to LA, TX, NM, AZ, and to s. Mexico (at least).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia discoidalis	Summer Spurge	Longleaf pine sandhills, shortleaf pine woodlands in the Interior Highlands.	E. and c. GA (or e. SC?) south and west to Panhandle FL and e. TX; disjunct in Ouachita Mountains of sw. AR (Theo Witsell, pers. comm., 2019).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia epithymoides	Cushion Spurge	From horticultural use.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia exigua	Dwarf Spurge	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia exserta	Maroon Sandhills Spurge, Coastal Sand Spurge	Longleaf pine sandhills, especially in loamier and slightly moister sites.	Sc. NC south to c. peninsular and e. Panhandle FL; disjunct in se. VA (Sussex County) (Belden et al. 2004)
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia falcata	Sickle Spurge	Roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia fendleri	Fendler's Sandmat	Prairies and dry woodlands.	W. SD, WY, NV, and CA south to ec. TX, w. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia floridana	Florida Spurge	Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub.	Panhandle FL and sw. GA west to s. AL. Reported for sw. GA by Bridges & Orzell (2002) and Jones & Coile (1988).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia garberi	Garber's Sandmat	Pine rocklands, beach dunes, coastal rock barrens.	Endemic to s. FL (Miami-Dade, Collier, and Monroe counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia georgiana	Georgia Spurge	Granite outcrops.	Endemic to the GA Piedmont (Oglethorpe and Wilkes counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia geyeri var. geyeri	Geyer's Sandmat	Sandy areas, sandbars, disturbed uplands.	MI west to MT, south to MS, LA, TX, and NM.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia glyptosperma	Ridge-seed Spurge, Ribseed Sandmat	Calcareous glades, prairies, other sandy or gravelly soils.	NL west to BC, south to NY, s. IN, c. TN, MO, TX, and Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, TAM, ZAC).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia graminea	Grassleaf Spurge, ‘Diamond Frost’, ‘Frosted Flakes’	Landscaped areas, other disturbed areas.	Native of tropical America (n. Mexico south to n. South America). Naturalized in FL Panhandle, FL peninsula, s. AL (Diamond 2014), and s. GA (Zomlefer et al. 2018). Much of its spread has been facilitated as a weed in nursery materials.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hammeri	Hammer's Spurge	Open understory, fire-dependent, and seasonally saturated pine rocklands dominated by Pinus densa; also in adjacent marl prairies.	Endemic to s. FL.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia helioscopia	Wartweed, Madwoman’s-milk, Sun Spurge, Summer Spurge	Disturbed areas, roadsides, cultivated ground.	Native of Europe.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia helleri	Heller's Spurge	In clay loams and calcareous soils near the coast.	S. TX south to ne. Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). Apparently introduced in Louisiana (Riina et al. 2016).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia herniariifolia		Waif on ore piles.	Native of Mediterranean se. Europe and w. Asia.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia heterophylla	Fiddler’s Spurge, Mexican Fireplant, Catalina, Jacob's-ladder, Fire-on-the-mountain	Disturbed areas.	VA, NC, SC, GA, TX, and NM south through Mexico, Central America, and South America; some of the distribution is likely by introduction.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hexagona	Six-angle Spurge	Sand prairies, stream bars, and disturbed sandy areas.	W. WI, se. MN, SD, and se. WY south to nw. IL, n. AR, e. TX, and NM.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hirta	Pillpod Sandmat	Fields, disturbed ground, waste areas, in and around greenhouses, perhaps only adventive in the northern part of our area.	E. NC, c. SC, south to s. FL, west to TX, and south through Mexico, and Central and South America, the pre-Columbian distribution obscure. Reported for Goldsboro, NC and Abbeville, Abbeville County, SC (C.N. Horn, pers.comm. 2008).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia humistrata	Spreading Sandmat	Floodplain forests, exposed river shores, rocky riverside gravel bars, disturbed areas, some of the easternmost occurrences apparently adventive from farther west.	OH, IL, MO, and e. KS south to Panhandle FL and e. TX; scattered eastward, apparently as an adventive.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hypericifolia	Graceful Sandmat	Gardens, landscaped beds, cracks in parking lot and sidewalk pavements, other disturbed upland areas.	FL west to TX, south into Mexico, Central America, South America; West Indies. Reported for SC (Kartesz 1999), FL, GA, LA (Q). The boundary between native and adventive distribution is uncertain.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hyssopifolia	Hyssopleaf Sandmat	Disturbed ground.	SC south to s. FL, west to LA; also in w. TX, s. NM, and Mexico, and south to s. South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia innocua	Velvet Spurge	In loose sands.	Endemic to coastal se. and s. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia inundata var. garrettii		Wet pine flatwoods, Florida prairies, and seepage slopes.	Var. garrettii Bridges & Orzell is endemic to c. and s. FL peninsula.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia inundata var. inundata	Flatwood Spurge	Wet pine flatwoods, savannas, seepage slopes.	Ne. FL and se. GA (Bridges & Orzell 2002); Panhandle FL west to s. MS
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia ipecacuanhae	Carolina Ipecac	Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry, barren sands.	CT (formerly), NY (Long Island), NJ, and se. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007) south to ec. GA, on the Coastal Plain.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia laredana	Laredo Sandmat	Dunes, open sandy, gravelly, or loamy areas, disturbed areas.	S. TX south to ne. Mexico (NLE, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia lasiocarpa	Roadside Sandmat	Disturbed uplands.	Native of the Neotropics and probably only introduced in our area.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia lata	Hoary Sandmat	Dry calcareous areas.	Sw. KS and s. CO south to c. TX, w. TX, NM, and n. Mexico (CHH, COA).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia lathyris	Caper Spurge, Myrtle Spurge, Mole Plant	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia longicruris	Wedge-leaf Spurge	Grasslands, glades, prairies, and woodlands over calcareous to sub-acidic rocks.	W. AR and OK south to TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia lucida	Leafy Spurge	Dry fields.	Native of Europe. Excluded from Maryland based upon lack of voucher (Knapp and Naczi 2021).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia maculata	Milk-purslane, Spotted Spurge, Spotted Sandmat	Gardens, fields, disturbed places, crevices in pavement or sidewalks.	QC west to ND, south to s. FL and TX, south into tropical America; introduced in various places worldwide.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia marginata	Snow-on-the-mountain	Upland sites (prairies, woodlands) over calcareous substrates; eastwards on roadsides and in disturbed areas.	MN and MT south through the Great Plains to MO, TX, NM, and Mexico (CAM, COA, OAX, SLP, SIN, TAB, TAM, VER).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia meganaesos	Featherman's Spurge	Coastal prairies and beaches.	Sw. LA and se. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia mendezii	Mendez's Sandmat	Disturbed uplands.	Native of the Neotropics.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia mercurialina	Cumberland Spurge, Mercury Spurge	Rich moist to dry forests over mafic or calcareous rocks.	S. KY south through e. TN to nw. GA and n. AL. Apparently introduced in VA (City of Richmond) (Wright et al. 2023). It has been attributed to NC since 1992, but this material does not match E. mercurialina and is treated here as Euphorbia species 5.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia	Coastal Beach Sandmat	Dunes, coastal strands, coastal grasslands, disturbed uplands.	FL peninsula (from Flagler County on the east coast and Dixie County on the west coast south to s. FL); Bermuda; West Indies; s. Mexico and Central America.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia milii	Crown-of-thorns	Established from horticultural use.	Native of Madagascar.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia missurica	Prairie Sandmat	Prairies, floodplains, fields, other sandy or calcareous dry areas.	MN, ND, and MT south to c. AR, TX, and NM.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia nutans	Eyebane, Upright Spotted Spurge	Fields, gardens, waste places, flood-scoured shores and bars, disturbed ground.	NH west to MI and ND, south to Panhandle FL and TX; south into the Neotropics, and introduced in various places worldwide.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia oblongata	Eggleaf Spurge, Balkan Spurge	Roadbanks, disturbed areas.	Native of Balkan Europe. Urban areas from AL and GA (?) north to Long Island and CT (?). Apparently well naturalized and documented in the w. US; more distribution work is needed in the e. US. At present, perhaps only an intermittent and often-overlooked species naturalizing in urban and garden-adjacent habitats in our area.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia obtusata	Woodland Spurge	Rich bottomland forests.	Sc. PA west to IN and IA, south to GA, SC and TX. The distribution uncertain.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia ogdenii	Broom Sandmat	Pine rockland, coastal rock barrens, and canopy gaps or edges of rockland hammocks.	Endemic to s. FL.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia ophthalmica	Florida Hammock Sandmat	Roadsides, flowerbeds, other disturbed areas, hammocks.	GA and PA (Kartesz 1999), widespread in FL (Wunderlin & Hansen), but not in North America (Q). Widespread in Mexico. See Barger et al. (2012) for discussion of AL occurrences.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia ouachitana	Ouachita Spurge	Dry to dry-mesic woodlands and forests over shale, sandstone, novaculite, or limestone; bluffs and cliffs on sandstone or shale.	Endemic to the Interior Highlands (s. MO to ne. TX), except also disjunct to river bluffs and general rocky upland limestone woodlands in the Nashville Basin (TN).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia paralias	Sea Spurge	Ballast waif.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and w. Asia.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia peplidion	Low Spurge	Dry, sandy or calcareous areas.	Se. and sc. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia peplus	Petty Spurge	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Naturalized in Watauga County, NC (Poindexter, pers. comm.).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia pergamena	Rockland Spurge, Rockland Sandmat	Pine rocklands.	S. peninsular FL (Collier and Miami-Dade counties south through the Monroe County keys); West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Mona Island of Puerto Rico).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia pinetorum	Pineland Spurge, Everglades Poinsettia	Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. FL.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia platyphyllos	Broadleaf Spurge	Dunes, sandplains, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Naturalized in e. TN in Knox County (B.E. Wofford, pers. comm., 2012), and scattered other locations in e. North America.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia polygonifolia	Northern Seaside Spurge, Northern Sandmat	Open sands of dunes, upper beach, dune blowouts and overwashes, sometimes growing with perennial grasses such as Uniola paniculata, but preferring open sands with little competition, sometimes mixed with the less common E. bombensis; rarely a railroad waif.	NS to ne. FL along the Atlantic Ocean; disjunct to the Great Lakes, including (in our region) Presque Isle, nw. PA.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia polyphylla	Lesser Florida Spurge	Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, pine flatwoods, pine rocklands.	Endemic to the FL peninsula.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia porteriana	Porter's Sandmat	Pine rocklands, marl prairies, coastal rock barrens.	Endemic to s. FL (Miami-Dade County and on Big Pine Key in Monroe County).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia prostrata	Prostrate Sandmat	Crevices of pavement or sidewalks, disturbed places.	Probably native of tropical America and only naturalized in our area, but possibly native in the southern parts of the Southeastern United States.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia pubentissima	Southeastern Flowering Spurge	Dry woodlands, sandbars, cobblebars, rock outcrops, longleaf pine sandhills.	C. MD, VA, and c. and sw. TN, south to Panhandle FL and s. MS.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia purpurea	Glade Spurge, Darlington Spurge, Purple Spurge	Rich moist forests in bottomlands or on slopes, in rich soil around rock outcrops, in swamps or seeps, especially over calcareous rocks (such as dolomite) or mafic rocks (such as amphibolite).	NJ, PA, and OH south to w. NC and n. GA.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia roemeriana	Roemer's Spurge	In rich, calcareous soils, especially in creek bottoms.	Mainly Edwards Plateau, c. TX, but extending southeastwards into the TX Coastal Plain.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia rosescens	Scrub Spurge	Florida scrub.	Endemic to c. peninsular FL (Highlands County).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia segetalis	Grainfield Spurge	Disturbed areas, apparently a waif that did not establish.	Native of Europe. Ballast waif of Philadelphia area in PA and adjacent NJ.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia serpens	Hierba de la Golondrina, Roundleaf Sandmat	Dry sandy hammocks, disturbed uplands.	OH, IN, IA, ND, and MT south to TN, LA, TX, NM, AZ, and s. Mexico. Allegedly in se. PA as a waif (Rhoads & Klein 1993).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia serpillifolia ssp. serpillifolia	Thyme-leaf Spurge	Disturbed areas.	Native of the Great Plains, MN south to TX and westwards.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia spathulata	Prairie Spurge, Warty Spurge	Rocky woodlands, prairies, disturbed areas.	MN and WA south to w. VA, AL, LA, TX, and n. Mexico (BCN, CHH, COA, DGO, NLE, SON, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia species 1		Riverscour.	Endemic to riverscour habitats of the Obed River, upper Emory River, Clear Creek, and Daddy's Creek in Morgan and Cumberland Co., TN.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia species 5		Mafic forests and woodlands.	Sc. NC and nc. SC.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia stictospora	Slim-seed Sandmat	Rocky slopes, disturbed areas.	W. IA, ND, and e. WY south to e. OK, c. TX, NM, AZ, and s. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia telephioides		Pine flatwoods.	Endemic to FL Panhandle (Bay, Franklin, and Gulf counties)
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia tetrapora	Weak Spurge	Sandy soils.	AR and OK south to w. LA and TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia texana	Texas Spurge	Prairies.	LA and e. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia thymifolia	Gulf Sandmat	Disturbed uplands.	Peninsular FL (where probably adventive); West Indies; Mexico; South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia tirucalli	Pencil Tree	Disturbed areas, spread from horticultural use.	Native of sub-Saharan Africa.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia tithymaloides ssp. smallii	Jacob's Ladder, Devil's Backbone, Slipper-spurge	Coastal berms, disturbed areas.	S. FL; Cuba (Matanzas).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia tithymaloides ssp. tithymaloides		Planted and perhaps persistent.	Native of tropical America. TAM and GRO south through Mexico and Central America to n. South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia trichotoma	Sand-dune Spurge	Dunes, beaches.	C. and s. peninsular FL (coastal only); West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands); Mexico (COL, ROO).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia trigona	African-Milktree	Waif from horticultural use.	Native of w. and c. Africa.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia velleriflora	Caliche Sandmat	Live oak scrub, disturbed areas.	S. TX south to s. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia vermiculata	Hairy Spurge, Wormseed Spurge	Disturbed areas.	Widespread and common in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993; Rhoads & Block 2007). Mexico (DGO, GTO, JAL, MIC).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia villifera	Hairy Sandmat	Dry upland habitats and riparian forests, over limestone.	Ec., c., and w. TX south through Mexico and n. Central America (Guatemala).
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia virgata	Wolf's-milk, Leafy Spurge	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbiaceae	Spurge Family
Euphorbiaceae	Gymnanthes	Crabwood, Oysterwood
Euphorbiaceae	Gymnanthes lucida	Crabwood, Oysterwood	Tropical maritime hammocks, rockland hammocks, coastal berms.	S. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico (CAM, CHP, GRO, HGO, ROO, TAB, VER, YUC), Central America, and South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Hippomane	Manchineel
Euphorbiaceae	Hippomane mancinella	Manchineel	Rockland hammocks, coastal berms, coastal buttonwood woodlands.	S. FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and n. South America; Galapagos Islands.
Euphorbiaceae	Hura	Sandbox Tree
Euphorbiaceae	Hura crepitans	Sandbox Tree	Disturbed hammocks, other disturbed uplands.	Native of the Neotropics.
Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha	Nettle-spurge
Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha cathartica	Berlandier's Nettle-Spurge, Jicamilla	Saline flats.	S. TX, ne. Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, SON, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha curcas	Barbados Nut, Nutmeg Plant, Physic Nut, Purging Nut	Disturbed areas.	Native of Central America.
Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha dioica var. dioica	Leatherstem, Sangre de Draco, Sangregado, Rubber Plant	Dry sandy areas, rocky limestone bluffs, scrub.	S. TX and ne. Mexico.
Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha gossypiifolia	Bellyache Bush, Tatto Bush	Disturbed areas.	Native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the New World and Old World tropics.
Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha integerrima	Peregrina	Disturbed areas.	Native of the West Indies.
Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha multifida	Coralbush, French-physic	Disturbed pine flatwoods, disturbed areas, escaped from cultivation.	Native of the Neotropics.
Euphorbiaceae	Mallotus
Euphorbiaceae	Mallotus japonicus	Food-wrapper-plant, Akamegashiwa	Suburban woodlands.	Native of China, Taiwan, and Japan.
Euphorbiaceae	Manihot	Cassava
Euphorbiaceae	Manihot esculenta	Manioc, Tapioca	Disturbed areas.	Native of tropical America.
Euphorbiaceae	Manihot grahamii	Hardy Tapioca, Graham’s Cassava	Suburban forests, vacant lots, other disturbed areas, uncommonly grown as an ornamental, rarely naturalizing.	Native of tropical America. Introduced in sw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988; Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009), FL Panhandle, peninsular FL, west to LA and TX (Aplaca 2012).
Euphorbiaceae	Manihot subspicata	Spiked Manihot, Palo Mulato	Savannas and grasslands.	S. TX (Jim Wells, Live Oak, and San Patricio counties) and ne. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Manihot walkerae	Walker's Manihot, Texas Tapioca	Shrublands and grasslands, on caliche cuestas.	S. TX and ne. Mexico (SLP, TAM, VER).
Euphorbiaceae	Mercurialis	Mercury
Euphorbiaceae	Mercurialis annua	Annual Mercury, Boys-and-Girls, Herb Mercury	Disturbed areas, waif on ballast.	Native of Mediterranean Europe. This species has been reported as a rare ‘ballast weed’ from Charleston, SC and Mobile, AL (Wiggins 1932); some of the occurrences presumably represent non-persistent waifs.
Euphorbiaceae	Mercurialis perennis	Dog's Mercury	Waif on ballast.	Native of Europe.
Euphorbiaceae	Microstachys
Euphorbiaceae	Microstachys corniculata	Hato tejas	Disturbed longleaf pine sandhills, other disturbed areas.	S. and c. FL (where presumably introduced); West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico); Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Ricinus	Castor-bean
Euphorbiaceae	Ricinus communis	Castor-bean, Castor-oil Plant, Palma Christi	Waste places, gardens.	Native of ne. Africa.
Euphorbiaceae	Sapium	Milktree
Euphorbiaceae	Sapium haematospermum	Milktree	On ballast, a waif.	Native of tropical South America.
Euphorbiaceae	Stillingia	Queen's-delight, Toothleaf
Euphorbiaceae	Stillingia aquatica	Corkwood, Water Toothleaf	Ponds in pine flatwoods, ponded interdune swales, marl prairies.	Se. SC south to s. FL, west to sw. AL.
Euphorbiaceae	Stillingia sylvatica	Queen's-delight	Longleaf pine sandhills, dryish Coastal Plain woodlands, other dry woodlands.	Se. VA south to s. FL, west to s. TX, s. NM, and Mexico (COA, MIC, TAM), north in the interior to KS and se. CO. Apparently disjunct inland in KY, based on a well-documented occurrence found by C.W. Short in 1840: "rare -- barrens of Kentucky" (M. Brock, pers.comm., 2024).
Euphorbiaceae	Stillingia tenuis	Rockland Queen's Delight	Pine rocklands, mesic to wet pine flatwoods, and margins of marl prairies.	Endemic to c. and s. FL.
Euphorbiaceae	Stillingia texana	Texas Stillingia	Rocky calcareous soils, calcareous prairies.	Sc. OK south through TX to n. Mexico (n. COA).
Euphorbiaceae	Stillingia treculiana	Trécul's Toothleaf	Gravelly soils, especially calcareous.	C. TX and s. TX south into Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, SLP, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia	Noseburn
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia amblyodonta	Dogtooth Noseburn	Thornscrub.	S. TX west to se. AZ, south to n. Mexico (NCN, BCS, CHH, COA, NLE, SLP, SON, TAM, ZAC).
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia betonicifolia	Betony Noseburn	Glades and dry bluffs, prairies, dry, sandy woodlands.	MO and KS south to w. LA and TX; disjunct eastward in KY, TN, and possibly AL (and apparently introduced in VA).
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia brevispica	Shortspike Noseburn	Prairies, calcareous woodlands.	Nc. TX (and possibly sc. OK and w. LA) south through TX to ne. Mexico (COA, NLE, TAM).
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia cordata	Heartleaf Noseburn	Rocky calcareous woodlands, calcareous prairies.	C. KY, s. IN to s. MO, south through c. TN, rarely to e. TN (Meigs County, in the Ridge and Valley Province) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), n. AL (Jackson Co.) (D. Spaulding, pers. comm.) to sc. and sw. GA, Panhandle FL, and e. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia glanduligera		Dry limestone soils, mesquital.	S. TX south through e. and c. Mexico to n. Central America (Guatemala).
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia ramosa	Catnip Noseburn	Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed areas.	MO, s. NE, CO, UT, NV, and s. CA south to s. AR, TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico (BCN, CHH, COA, HGO, NLE, QRO, SLP, SON, TAM, VER).
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia saxicola	Florida Keys Noseburn	Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. FL (Miami-Dade and Monroe counties).
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia smallii	Gulf Coast Noseburn	Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry woodlands.	Sw. GA south to c. peninsular FL, west to e. TX and sw. AR. Reports of T. betonicifolia from GA are based on misapplication of that name to material representing T. smallii.
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia urens	Southeastern Noseburn, Wavyleaf Noseburn, Sandhill Noseburn	Longleaf pine sandhills, sandy woodlands, pine rocklands, other dry woodlands.	Se. VA south to s. FL and west to TX, mostly on the Coastal Plain, but ranging into the Piedmont and Mountains in NC, SC, GA, and AL.
Euphorbiaceae	Tragia urticifolia	Nettleleaf Noseburn	Dry woodlands and rock outcrops, particularly over mafic or calcareous rocks.	Sc. VA west to n. AR, south to wc. peninsular FL, Panhandle FL, and c. TX.
Euphorbiaceae	Triadica	Chinese Tallow-tree
Euphorbiaceae	Triadica sebifera	Chinese Tallow-tree, Popcorn Tree	Marsh edges, swamps, riverbanks, shell deposits, upland forests, disturbed areas. Triadica sebifera has become a serious invasive weed from se. NC south and west to se. TX (Vogt et al. 2021). Reported for King and Queen County, VA (DeBerry & Hunter 2018), and McCurtain County, OK (Buthod, Hoagland, & Arbour 2019) showing its continued spread.	Native of e. Asia.
Euphorbiaceae	Vernicia	Tung-oil Tree
Euphorbiaceae	Vernicia fordii	Tung-oil Tree, Tung Tree	Planted for the oil and for ornament, now extensively naturalized in moist to dry upland forests, bottomland forests, and disturbed areas.	Native of c. and w. China. Naturalized on the Gulf Coastal Plain from former plantations; planted and showing a tendency to naturalize in the Coastal Plain of NC (Mount Olive, Wayne Co.; A.J. Bullard, pers. comm.).