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Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution	Image
Lamiaceae	Aegiphila
Lamiaceae	Aegiphila elata	Tall Spiritweed	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mexico south to n. South America, and West Indies.
Lamiaceae	Agastache	Giant-hyssop
Lamiaceae	Agastache foeniculum	Lavender Giant-hyssop, Blue Giant-hyssop	Disturbed areas, spread from cultivation.	Native of w. North America. Cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in scattered locations in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), KY (Kartesz 1999), and elsewhere.
Lamiaceae	Agastache nepetoides	Yellow Giant-hyssop	Woodlands and forests, generally over calcareous or mafic rocks.	VT west to MN, south to nw. GA and OK.
Lamiaceae	Agastache rugosa	Korean Mint, Purple Giant-hyssop	Roadbanks, disturbed areas, escaped from horticultural use.	Native of Korea. Reported for several sites in VA (Virginia Botanical Associates 2019).
Lamiaceae	Agastache scrophulariifolia	Purple Giant-hyssop	Rich woodlands and forests, bottomlands.	VT west to MN, south to NC, e. TN, n. GA, and e. KS.
Lamiaceae	Ajuga	Bugle, Bugleweed
Lamiaceae	Ajuga chamaepitys	Yellow Bugle, Ground-pine Bugle	Banks and bluffs, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Ajuga genevensis	Standing Bugle	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Cultivated and rarely escaped in ne. North America, reported as naturalized as far south as PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), MD (Kartesz 1999), and WV (Harmon, Ford-Werntz, & Grafton 2006), where considered "not confirmed as naturalized."
Lamiaceae	Ajuga pyramidalis	Pyramid Bugle	Waif from horticultural use.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Ajuga reptans	Carpet Bugle	Lawns and roadsides.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Ballota	Black Horehound
Lamiaceae	Ballota nigra	Black Horehound	Disturbed areas.	Native of the Mediterranean region. Introduced in several northern localities, and apparently documented from sw. AL.
Lamiaceae	Betonica
Lamiaceae	Betonica officinalis	Common European Hedge-nettle	Persisting and spreading clonally from cultivation.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Blephilia	Woodmint, Pagoda-plant
Lamiaceae	Blephilia ciliata	Downy Woodmint	Woodlands, meadows, forests, prairies, usually in circumneutral soils (over diabase, limestone, shell, etc.).	MA and WI south to c. GA and AR.
Lamiaceae	Blephilia hirsuta	Hairy Woodmint	Rich, rocky or alluvial forests, montane forests up to at least 5000 feet elevation.	QC and MN south to NC, AL, AR, and e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Blephilia species 1	Great Smoky Mountain Woodmint; Great Smoky Mountain Pagoda-mint	Mountain forests.	Great Smoky Mountains, NC and TN.
Lamiaceae	Blephilia subnuda	Smooth Woodmint, Cumberland Woodmint	Moist to dry calcareous forests, limestone ledges.	Endemic (so far as is known) to the Cumberland Plateau of ne. AL (Jackson and Madison counties) and se. TN (Franklin County).
Lamiaceae	Blephilia woffordii	Wofford's Woodmint	Limestone bluffs and cliffs.	Along the Caney Fork River, Eastern Highland Rim of TN (DeKalb County and perhaps Smith County).
Lamiaceae	Brazoria
Lamiaceae	Brazoria arenaria	Sand Brazos-mint	Tallgrass grasslands dominated by Schizachyrium littorale and Paspalum monostachyum.	Endemic to s. TX (the TX Sand Sheet).
Lamiaceae	Brazoria pulcherrima	Pretty Brazoria, Pretty Brazos-mint	Sandy soils.	E. TX.
Lamiaceae	Brazoria truncata	Blunt-sepal Brazoria, Centerville Brazos-mint	Loose sandy soils.	Se. TX south to s. TX.
Lamiaceae	Callicarpa	Beautyberry
Lamiaceae	Callicarpa americana	Beautyberry, American Beautyberry, French-mulberry, Filigrana	Hammocks, other forests (especially with sandy or rocky soils), maritime forests (the main habitat northward), pine flatwoods, disturbed areas.	MD and AR south to s. FL, TX; West Indies. Reported as native for Lyon County, KY (Brock 2020).
Lamiaceae	Callicarpa dichotoma	Chinese Beautyberry	Roadsides, powerline rights-of-way, woodland edges, suburban woodlands, bogs, bottomlands.	Native of Asia. This species is beginning to spread more rapidly in the Southeast.
Lamiaceae	Callicarpa japonica	Japanese Beautyberry	Suburban woodlands.	Native of e. Asia. Reported for Durham County, NC by Moldenke (1980); corroborated by specimens from Orange County, NC (Giencke, pers. comm., 2005). See Atha et al. (2019b) for a report from n. NJ.
Lamiaceae	Cantinoa	Cantinoa
Lamiaceae	Cantinoa americana	Marubio	Disturbed upland areas.	Native of tropical America.
Lamiaceae	Cantinoa mutabilis	Tropical Bushmint	Moist disturbed areas.	Native of South America.
Lamiaceae	Chaiturus	Horehound Motherwort
Lamiaceae	Chaiturus marrubiastrum	Horehound Motherwort	Floodplains, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe and n. Asia.
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum	Glory-bower
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum bungei var. bungei	Rose Glorybower, Kashmir-bouquet, Brocamelia	Roadsides and suburban woodlands, spread from horticultural use.	Native of e. Asia. First reported from South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997); also reported for our area by W. Duncan (pers. comm.).
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum chinense	Stickbush	Disturbed areas.	Native of Asia. Cultivated and naturalized in FL, including the Panhandle (Escambia County) (Wunderlin & Hansen 2004).
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum indicum	Tubeflower, Turk's-turban	Disturbed areas, roadsides, spread from horticultural use.	Native of the Malaysian Archipelago.
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum japonicum	Japanese Glorybower	Disturbed areas.	Native of Asia. Also cultivated and is reported to be naturalized in MD (Staff of the Bailey Hortorium 1976), but we know of no evidence.
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum paniculatum	Pagoda-flower	Disturbed areas, persistent or spread from horticultural use.	Native of tropical Asia.
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum quadriloculare	Philippine Glorybower, Starburst Bush, Shooting Star	Disturbed wetlands.	Native of Asia.
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum speciosissimum	Javanese Glorybower	Disturbed areas, rockland hammocks.	Native of Java.
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum trichotomum	Harlequin Beauty-Bower	Roadsides, streambanks; cultivated and also strongly naturalized, this species is becoming a serious invasive in many parts of our region.	Native of e. Asia.
Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum umbellatum	Umbrella Glory-bower
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium	Calamint
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium acinos	Mother-of-thyme, Basil-thyme	Cultivated, rarely escaped or persisting.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium arkansanum	Arkansas Calamint	Dry to moist limestone glades, chalk barren (MS).	ON west to MN, south to w. NY, nw. PA, w. VA, WV, IL, c. TN, and s. WI; also in MO, OK, AR, and TX.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium ascendens	Common Calamint	Rich calcareous slope.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium ashei	Ashe's Calamint, Ashe's Savory, Ohoopee Dunes Wild Basil	White sand Florida scrub; longleaf pine sandhills.	Peninsular FL (Marion and Volusia counties south to Highlands and possibly Glades counties); disjunct in e. GA (Candler and Tatnall counties).
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium brownei	Browne's Savory	Floodplain forests, pondshores.	Sw. GA and s. FL west to e. and s. TX; Mexico, Central America, and South America. In sw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988) and reported for SC (Beaufort County, SC) (Daniel Payne, pers. comm. 2006, specimen at CLEMS).
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium calamintha	Lesser Calamint, Basil-thyme	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium coccineum	Scarlet Calamint, Scarlet Wild Basil, Red Mint Shrub	Longleaf pine sandhills and pine flatwoods.	E. GA south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. MS.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium dentatum	Florida Calamint, Toothed Savory	Longleaf pine sandhills and xeric steepheads.	Endemic to Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium georgianum	Georgia Calamint	Longleaf pine sandhills, dry rocky or sandy woodlands.	S. NC south to Panhandle FL and west to LA.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium glabellum	Smooth Calamint	Dry-mesic to mesic shaley forests, dry to moist limestone barrens and glades.	Nc. KY, c. TN, south to c. AL; possibly in AR and s. MO as well. Reports of this for VA (Kartesz 1999) are apparently based on confusion with Clinopodium arkansanum.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium gracile	Slender Wild Basil	Disturbed areas, roadsides, bottomland forests.	Native of Asia. Introduced in s. AL, FL, LA (Kartesz 1999; Woods, Diamond, & Searcy 2003), MS (S.W. Leonard, pers. comm. 2005), GA (Zomlefer et al. 2011, 2012), and SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]).
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium macrocalyx	Large-flowered Scarlet Calamint	Longleaf pine sandhills and pine flatwoods.	Ec. peninsular FL (Seminole, Orange, and Brevard counties).
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium species 1	Indian Grave Mountain Wild Basil	Montane longleaf pine/chestnut oak/Georgia oak woodlands on Hollis quartzite along the main Pine Mountain ridge.	Pine Mountain, GA.
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium talladeganum	Talladega Wild Basil	Open to sparsely wooded, upland, dry rocky or older dry sandy alluvium substrates.	Endemic to the Talladega Mountains/Piedmont transition of AL (Calhoun, Clay, & Cleburne counties).
Lamiaceae	Clinopodium vulgare	Wild Basil	Pastures, roadbanks, forests, thin soils around rock outcrops.	NL (Newfoundland) to MB, south to NC, sc. TN, and KS; widespread in Europe; scattered in w. North America, apparently as an introduction. Plants in our area reflect both native and introduced genotypes.
Lamiaceae	Collinsonia	Horsebalm, Richweed, Stoneroot
Lamiaceae	Collinsonia anisata	Southern Horsebalm, Anise Horsebalm	Rich forests.	C. GA south and west to Panhandle FL and west to s. MS, on the Piedmont and Coastal Plain.
Lamiaceae	Collinsonia canadensis	Richweed, Northern Horsebalm	Cove forests, rich forests, especially over calcareous or mafic substrates.	QC, MI, and WI, south to Panhandle FL and LA. Recently found on Crowleys Ridge in the AR Coastal Plain.
Lamiaceae	Collinsonia punctata	Florida Horsebalm	Rich woods.	S. SC (Barnwell County) to e. LA, on the Coastal Plain.
Lamiaceae	Collinsonia tuberosa	Stoneroot	Rich forests, over calcareous or mafic substrates.	C. NC west to c. TN, south to n. GA, MS, and LA.
Lamiaceae	Collinsonia verticillata	Whorled Horsebalm	Rich forests, ranging from moist (cove) forests to rather dry oak forests over mafic or calcareous rocks.	Sc. VA west to e. TN, south to w. NC, nw. SC, c. GA, and MS; disjunct in s. OH. The range is strangely scattered and fragmented.
Lamiaceae	Condea
Lamiaceae	Condea floribunda		Disturbed coastal sands, roadside ditches and embankments.	Native of Argentina and Paraguay. Reported for s. AL (Baldwin County) by Keener et al. (2024). See Franck et al. (2016).
Lamiaceae	Condea verticillata	John Charles, Clustered Bushmint	Hammocks, disturbed areas.	Native of tropical America.
Lamiaceae	Conradina	Conradina, Rosemary
Lamiaceae	Conradina brevifolia	Shortleaf Rosemary	Florida scrub.	Endemic to c. peninsular FL.
Lamiaceae	Conradina canescens	Gray Rosemary	Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, pine flatwoods, riverine sandbars.	Panhandle FL and s. AL west to s. MS.
Lamiaceae	Conradina cygniflora	Swan-flowered Rosemary	Florida scrub and longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to ec. Putnam County, FL (Dunns Creek State Park).
Lamiaceae	Conradina etonia	Etoniah Rosemary	Sand pine (white sand) scrub and longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to nw. Putnam County, FL.
Lamiaceae	Conradina glabra	Apalachicola Rosemary	Longleaf pine sandhills.	Panhandle FL (Liberty County). Also known from at least one collection in Baldwin County, AL (Miller s.n.; TROY 32540).
Lamiaceae	Conradina grandiflora	Large-flowered Rosemary	Florida scrub and scrubby pine flatwoods.	N. peninsular FL (Marion and Volusia counties) south to s. peninsular FL (Miami-Dade County).
Lamiaceae	Conradina verticillata	Cumberland Rosemary	Flood-scoured cobble bars of large rivers.	Endemic to the Cumberland Plateau area of ne. TN and se. KY.
Lamiaceae	Cornutia	Tropical-Lilac
Lamiaceae	Cornutia grandifolia	Azulejo, Tropical-lilac	Disturbed pine rocklands.	Native of Mexico and Central America.
Lamiaceae	Cunila	Stone-mint, American-dittany, Wild-oregano
Lamiaceae	Cunila origanoides	Stone-mint, American-dittany, Wild-oregano	Dry rocky slopes, shale barrens, other dry (usually sloping) woodlands and barrens.	S. NY and PA west to MO, south to c. SC, n. GA, n. AL, nw. MS, c. and s. LA (allegedly), and ne. TX (Singhurst & Holmes 2004).
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra	Dicerandra, Scrub-balm
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra christmanii	Lake Wales Balm, Christman’s Mint	Florida scrub.	Endemic to Highlands County, FL.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra cornutissima	Long-spurred Scrub-balm, Robin's Mint	Florida scrub.	Endemic to Marion and Sumter counties, FL.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra densiflora	Florida Scrub-balm	Longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to n. peninsular FL (Huck 1987). Reported for GA by Small (1933), but this report is apparently in error.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra frutescens	Scrub Balm, Lloyd’s Mint	Florida scrub, longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to Highlands County, FL.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra fumella	Smoky Balm, Alabama Balm	Sandhills and dry sandy hammocks.	Panhandle of FL west to s. AL.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra immaculata var. immaculata	Lakela’s Balm, Olga’s Mint	Florida scrub.	Endemic to Indian River and St. Lucie counties, FL.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra immaculata var. savannarum	Savanna Balm	Coastal dunes and interdune swales.	Endemic to St. Lucie County, FL.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra linearifolia var. linearifolia		Sandhills and flatwoods.	W. Coastal Plain and adjacent Piedmont of GA.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra linearifolia var. robustior		Longleaf pine sandhills and flatwoods.	Sc. Coastal Plain of GA (Brooks, Echols, Lowndes counties) (Huck 1987) south to e. Panhandle FL and ne. FL, east of the Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River, with a hybrid zone with D. fumella in the Marianna Lowland west of the Chattahoochee-Apalachicola and east of the Choctawhatchee Divide.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra modesta	Blushing Scrub Balm	Florida scrub.	Endemic to Polk County, FL.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra odoratissima	Harper’s Scrub-balm	Longleaf pine sandhills.	S. SC south to se. GA.
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra radfordiana	Radford's Scrub-balm	Dry pine flatwoods and longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to e. GA (McIntosh County).
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra species 1	Georgia Scrub-balm	Dry flatwoods and longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to e. GA (in the Atlantic Coastal Plain).
Lamiaceae	Dicerandra thinicola	Titusville Balm	Florida scrub, especially yellow sands. Religated in some cases to sandy firelanes on the margins of overgrown Quercus myrtifolia or Q. geminata scrub.	Endemic to Brevard County, FL.
Lamiaceae	Dracocephalum	Dragon's-head
Lamiaceae	Dracocephalum parviflorum	American Dragon's-head	Cultivated ground, disturbed areas.	Native in w. North America. Reported for VA and MD (Wright et al. 2023).
Lamiaceae	Dracocephalum thymiflorum	Thyme-leaf Dragonhead	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Elsholtzia
Lamiaceae	Elsholtzia ciliata		Disturbed areas, streambanks, suburban forests.	Native of Asia. First reported for NC by Leonard (1971b).
Lamiaceae	Galeopsis	Hemp-nettle
Lamiaceae	Galeopsis bifida	Bifid Hemp-nettle	Streamsides, pastures, roadsides.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Galeopsis ladanum var. ladanum	Red Hemp-nettle	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Adventive in ne. North America, south at least to se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993) and s. NJ.
Lamiaceae	Galeopsis tetrahit	Common Hemp-nettle	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Naturalized in ne. North America.
Lamiaceae	Glechoma	Gill-over-the-ground
Lamiaceae	Glechoma hederacea	Gill-over-the-ground, Ground-ivy, Creeping Charlie, Runaway-Robin, Haymaids, Field-Balm	Lawns, gardens, forests, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Gmelina	Bushbeech
Lamiaceae	Gmelina arborea	Gumhar, Asian Bushbeech	Disturbed pine flatwoods.	Native of Asia.
Lamiaceae	Hedeoma	American Pennyroyal
Lamiaceae	Hedeoma acinoides	Slender Hedeoma	In shallow soils over limestone.	Sc. TX, e. Edwards Plateau, and Lampasas Cutplain, also e. and se. Coastal Plain of TX.
Lamiaceae	Hedeoma drummondii var. drummondii	Drummond's Hedeoma	Blackland prairies.	MN and MT south to TX, n. Mexico, and CA; disjunct eastward in MS and AL.
Lamiaceae	Hedeoma hispida	Rough Pennyroyal, Mock Pennyroyal	Prairies, Disturbed areas, pastures, barrens, granitic flatrocks, especially in exposed, thin soil; apparently adventive eastwards in the eastern portions of our area from farther west, but the native distribution unclear.	BC and NM east to ME, MA, PA, VA, NC, SC, and GA. Irving (1980) shows H. hispida east to e. Panhandle FL, c. AL, nc. TN, and s. OH; some of the scattered records further east are adventive. It may be recently arrived farther east or was previously overlooked. First reported for SC by Hill & Horn (1997).
Lamiaceae	Hedeoma pulegioides	American Pennyroyal	Dry soils of woodlands, roadbanks, woods-roads, especially common in shaly parts of the mountains.	NS, s. QC, s. ON, MI, WI, and IA south to c. SC, c. GA, and AR.
Lamiaceae	Hedeoma reverchonii	Reverchon's Pennyroyal, Rock Hedeoma	Calcareous outcrops.	Sw. AR and s. OK south to se. and c. TX.
Lamiaceae	Hedeoma serpyllifolia	Thyme-leaf Pennyroyal, Thyme-leaf Hedeoma	Open, calcareous outcrops.	C. TX.
Lamiaceae	Holmskioldia	Chinese Hatplant
Lamiaceae	Holmskioldia sanguinea	Chinese Hatplant, Cup-and-Saucer, Mandarin's-Hat	Disturbed areas, hammocks.	Native of e. Asia.
Lamiaceae	Hyptis	Cluster Bushmint
Lamiaceae	Hyptis alata var. alata	Cluster Bushmint	Wet pine savannas, margins of swamp forests, wet powerline rights-of-way, ditches.	E. NC south to s. FL, west to se. TX.
Lamiaceae	Hyptis alata var. stenophylla	Narrow-leaved Cluster Bushmint	Pine rocklands and marl prairies.	C. and s. peninsular FL.
Lamiaceae	Hyptis brevipes	Musky Mint, Lesser Roundweed	Depressional wetlands.	Native of the Neotropics.
Lamiaceae	Hyssopus	Hyssop
Lamiaceae	Hyssopus officinalis	Hyssop	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for NC (see G, RAB, and S); documentation not known.
Lamiaceae	Lamiaceae	Mint Family
Lamiaceae	Lamium	Dead-nettle, Henbit, Archangel
Lamiaceae	Lamium album ssp. album	White Archangel, White Dead-nettle, Snowflake	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Lamium amplexicaule var. amplexicaule	Henbit, Henbit Dead-nettle	Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas, gardens, pastures.	Native of Eurasia and n. Africa.
Lamiaceae	Lamium dissectum	Cutleaf Dead-nettle	Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Lamium galeobdolon	Yellow Archangel, Golden Dead-nettle	Gravelly roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of Europe and e. Asia.
Lamiaceae	Lamium maculatum	Spotted Dead-nettle	Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Lamium purpureum	Purple Archangel, Red Dead-nettle, Purple Dead-nettle	Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas, pastures.	Native of Eurasia. Only recently documented in the Coastal Plain of GA and in FL (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009; Wunderlin & Hansen 2008).
Lamiaceae	Leonotis	Lion's-ears
Lamiaceae	Leonotis nepetifolia var. nepetifolia	Lion's-ears, Lightning-rod-plant	Pastures, field edges, roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of s. Africa.
Lamiaceae	Leonurus	Motherwort
Lamiaceae	Leonurus cardiaca	Motherwort, Lion's-tail	Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas.	Native of c. Asia. Nelson (1993) reports the occurrence of this species in SC.
Lamiaceae	Leonurus japonicus	Honeyweed, Siberian Motherwort, Pipe-shank	Disturbed areas.	Native of Asia.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus	Bugleweed, Water-horehound
Lamiaceae	Lycopus ×sherardii		Swamps, bogs, roadsides.	Scattered in the eastern US where the ranges of the two parents overlap, apparently resulting in large hybrid swarms in some areas (see Henderson 1962)
Lamiaceae	Lycopus americanus	American Bugleweed	Marshes, bottomlands.	NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to FL Panhandle and CA.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus amplectens	Clasping Water-horehound	Clay-based Carolina bays, other moist habitats.	MA south to ne. FL; disjunct inland around the Great Lakes and (allegedly) in w. NC.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus angustifolius	Narrowleaf Bugleweed, Southern Bog Water-horehound	Bogs, marshes, natural lake shorelines.	Se. VA south to FL, west to e. TX, north in the interior to s. TN and s. MO.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus cokeri	Coker's Bugleweed, Carolina Bugleweed	Pocosins, boggy streamheads, seepage bogs.	Endemic to the Fall-line Sandhill region of sc. NC and SC
Lamiaceae	Lycopus europaeus	Gypsywort, European Bugleweed	Tidal marshes and shores, other marshes, ditches.	Native of Europe. In the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River regions, hybrid swarms involving L. americanus and L. europaeus are numerous (Webber & Ball 1980), however, to date there is no evidence that these species have hybridized within the Flora region.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus glandulosus		Seepages, bogs, floodplains, creekbanks, ditches, on floating logs in ponds.	Endemic to the West Gulf Coastal Plain of sw. AR, nw. LA, and ne. TX.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus rubellus	Stalked Bugleweed	Marshes, swamp forests, bottomlands.	ME west to MI, south to FL and TX.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus uniflorus	Northern Bugleweed	Bogs, seeps, wet forests.	NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to w. NC, AR, and CA.
Lamiaceae	Lycopus virginicus	Virginia Bugleweed	Swamps, bottomlands, tidal marshes, other wet habitats.	MA west to PA, s. IN, MO, and OK, south to n. peninsular FL, Panhandle FL, and e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Macbridea	Birds-in-a-nest, Macbridea
Lamiaceae	Macbridea alba	White Birds-in-a-nest, White Macbridea	Wet pine savannas, pitcherplant bogs.	Endemic to Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Macbridea caroliniana	Carolina Birds-in-a-nest, Carolina Macbridea	Swamp forests, especially in sphagnous seepage areas away from direct flooding, savanna seepages, pine savannas, sandhill seepages, edges, ditches.	Se. NC to s. GA; reported but undocumented from n. FL, AL, and MS, apparently rare throughout its range.
Lamiaceae	Marrubium	Horehound
Lamiaceae	Marrubium vulgare	White Horehound	Fencerows, disturbed places, formerly widely planted and escaped, now declining in abundance.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Meehania	Meehania
Lamiaceae	Meehania cordata	Meehania	Moist, rocky, forested slopes, especially in rich boulderfield forests.	A Central and Southern Appalachian endemic: sw. PA and OH south to sw. VA, nw. NC, and ne. TN.
Lamiaceae	Melissa	Balm
Lamiaceae	Melissa officinalis	Lemon Balm, Common Balm	Disturbed areas.	Native of w. Asia.
Lamiaceae	Mentha	Mint
Lamiaceae	Mentha ×gracilis	Spearmint	Disturbed areas, moist soils.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha ×piperita var. piperita	Peppermint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha ×rotundifolia	Apple Mint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha ×verticillata		Moist soils.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha ×villosa	Woolly Mint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Introduced south to PA and KY.
Lamiaceae	Mentha aquatica var. aquatica	Water Mint, Lemon Mint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha aquatica var. citrata	Lemon Mint, Orange Mint, Bergamot Mint, Eau-de-Cologne Mint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha arvensis ssp. arvensis	Field Mint	Marshes, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha canadensis	Canada Mint	Moist soils.	Widespread in North America, south to NC, GA, TN, AR, and OK; Mexico.
Lamiaceae	Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia	Horse Mint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha pulegium var. pulegium	European Pennyroyal	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Introduced in MD, PA, and NJ (Kartesz 1999)
Lamiaceae	Mentha spicata var. spicata	Spearmint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mentha suaveolens ssp. suaveolens	Apple Mint, Pineapple Mint, Round-leaved Mint	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Mesosphaerum
Lamiaceae	Mesosphaerum pectinatum	Comb Bushmint	Roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of tropical America.
Lamiaceae	Moluccella
Lamiaceae	Moluccella laevis	Bells-of-Ireland, Seashells, Shellflower	Disturbed areas, rarely escaped from horticultural use.	Native of w. Asia (Turkey, Syria, the Caucasus).
Lamiaceae	Monarda	Bergamot, Beebalm
Lamiaceae	Monarda austroappalachiana	Ocoee Beebalm	Talus and ledges.	Low elevations in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, of se. TN and n. GA (attribution to extreme sw. NC is uncertain).
Lamiaceae	Monarda bradburiana	Bradbury Beebalm	Mesic and dry woodlands and forests.	IN west to e. KS, south through KY, TN, and MO to AL, AR, and OK.
Lamiaceae	Monarda brevis	Smoke Hole Bergamot, Cedar Glade Bergamot	Limestone outcrops, cliffs, barrens, and glades, and on limestone talus.	Apparently endemic to w. VA (Giles County) and e. WV.
Lamiaceae	Monarda citriodora var. citriodora	Lemon Bergamot	Prairies, oak savannas, roadsides, other disturbed places.	IL, MO, KS south to AL, MS, LA, TX, NM, and Mexico; also naturalized outside that range (the native distribution unclear).
Lamiaceae	Monarda citriodora var. parva	South Texas Lemon Bergamot	Heavy clay soils.	S. TX.
Lamiaceae	Monarda clinopodia	Basil Bergamot, Basil Beebalm	Mesic, forested slopes.	NJ, w. NY, and IL, south to n. GA and c. AL (some of the range perhaps accountable to cultivation)
Lamiaceae	Monarda clinopodioides	Basil Beebalm	Sandy prairies and other open areas.	Sc. KS south to c. LA, sc. TX, and wc. TX.
Lamiaceae	Monarda didyma	Scarlet Beebalm, Oswego Tea	Seepage slopes, periglacial boulderfields with abundant seepage, streambanks, boggy places, usually in strong to moderately filtered sunlight.	ME west to MI, south to PA and OH, and in the Appalachians south to sw. NC, se. TN, and ne. GA (part of the northern range is likely only by introduction).
Lamiaceae	Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa	Appalachian Bergamot	Moist wooded slopes, roadsides, woodland edges, old fields.	CT south to sw. NC, nearly or entirely limited to the Appalachians.
Lamiaceae	Monarda fistulosa var. mollis	Eastern Bergamot, Pale Wild Bergamot	Moist wooded slopes, edges of calcareous prairies.	ME west to MN, south to GA, AL, MS, and se. TX.
Lamiaceae	Monarda fistulosa var. rubra	Purple Bergamot	Moist slope forests.	ME to NJ, and from nw. NC to n. GA, in the Appalachians.
Lamiaceae	Monarda fruticulosa	Dwarf-shrubby Beebalm, Horsemint	Deep sands, dunes, oak and pine-oak woodlands, prairies, mesquital.	S. TX Plains.
Lamiaceae	Monarda lindheimeri	Lindheimer's Beebalm	Woodlands on sandy or gravelly limestone soil.	Sw. AR and ne. TX south to sw. LA and e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Monarda luteola	Yellow Beebalm	Weches Geologic Formation of northeast Texas and adjacent Miller County, Arkansas; also rocky, fire-maintained oak-pine savannas in the Arkansas Valley (Fort Chaffee).	Endemic to ne. TX and w. AR.
Lamiaceae	Monarda maritima	Seaside Beebalm	Deep sands of dunes.	Se. and s. TX.
Lamiaceae	Monarda media	Purple Beebalm	Northern hardwoods forests, spruce-fir forest openings, other moist slopes, mostly at high elevations.	VT west to IN, south to w. MD; disjunct in w. NC, e. KY, and e. TN, part of the range perhaps the result of cultivation.
Lamiaceae	Monarda pectinata	Plains Beebalm	Upland prairies, in sandy or gravelly soil.	SD and se. WY south to ec. TX, NM, AZ, s. CA, and Mexico.
Lamiaceae	Monarda punctata var. correllii	Tamaulipan Horsemint
Lamiaceae	Monarda punctata var. intermedia	East Texas Horsemint		E. and c. TX.
Lamiaceae	Monarda punctata var. lasiodonta	Plumetooth Beebalm		Ne. TX and OK south to s. TX and Mexico (TAM).
Lamiaceae	Monarda punctata var. punctata	Eastern Horsemint	Maritime forests, dunes, roadsides, rocky or sandy woodlands.	NJ to s. FL, west to TX, mainly on the Coastal Plain, but extending inland.
Lamiaceae	Monarda russeliana	White Beebalm	Open areas and woodlands.	AR and OK south to ne. TX; disjunct east of the Mississippi River in AL and KY.
Lamiaceae	Monarda species 1	Shale Bergamot
Lamiaceae	Monarda species 2 [=arkansana]	Arkansas Horse-mint	Dryish woodlands over calcareous or mafic rocks.	C. and s. AR south nw. LA and ne. TX; disjunct eastwards in n. GA and sw. NC. McClintock & Epling (1942) map and discuss this taxon as endemic to AR and immediately adjacent TX, but mention that "a specimen collected near Columbus, Polk County, North Carolina (Townsend, 1897) is scarcely different from subsp. arkansana". Scora (1967) treats var. arkansana as similarly endemic, though he cites (but does not map) a specimen from Cherokee County, GA and annotated (following the publication of his paper) a later collection from Polk County, NC as var. arkansana. The Polk County, NC material is manifestly var. arkansana and might be considered merely aberrant or a chance introduction, were it not for its repeated collection and the phytogeographic interest of the Blue Ridge Escarpment of Polk County, which harbors several Ozarkian and other Midwestern disjuncts, such as Melanthium woodii.
Lamiaceae	Monarda species 3 [=occidentalis]	Western Horse-mint	Sandy areas.	KS south to MO, ec. TX, and NM; scattered eastwards in MO and s. IL as a likely introduction.
Lamiaceae	Monarda species 4 [=villicaulis]	Hairy-stem Horsemint	Sandy fields, dunes, prairies, and woodlands.	NY west to MN, south to TN, AR, and OK.
Lamiaceae	Monarda species 5		Longleaf pine sandhills, dry pine flatwoods, dunes.	Ne. SC (Horry County) south to nc. peninsular FL (Hernando and Citrus counties).
Lamiaceae	Monarda stanfieldii	Stanfield's Horsemint, San Marcos Horsemint	Sand or sandy loam (derived from granite) of woodlands, roadsides, and fields.	C. TX.
Lamiaceae	Monarda stipitatoglandulosa	Ouachita Beebalm	Rocky woodlands and outcrops, over limestone, chert, sandstone, and shale.	AR and e. OK, in the Ouachita Mountains and outlying areas.
Lamiaceae	Monarda viridissima	Green Beebalm	Sandy oak woodlands and sandy roadsides.	Endemic to ec. Texas
Lamiaceae	Mosla	Mosla
Lamiaceae	Mosla dianthera	Mosla, Mini-shiso	Disturbed areas.	Native of e. Asia. This species is becoming a noxious weed in KY, TN, and w. NC; it should be expected to become more widespread in our area.
Lamiaceae	Mosla scabra	Mosla, Mini-shiso	Disturbed areas, pastures.	Native of e. Asia. This species is becoming a noxious weed in KY, TN, and w. NC; it should be expected to become more widespread in our area. Reported for s. MO (Aaron 2024).
Lamiaceae	Nepeta	Catnip, Catmint
Lamiaceae	Nepeta cataria	Catnip, Catmint	Fencerows, barnyards, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Ocimum	Basil
Lamiaceae	Ocimum basilicum	Mediterranean Basil	Commonly cultivated in gardens, rarely persistent for short times around gardens or as a waif on trash-heaps, probably not persistent in most of our area.	Native of tropical Asia and tropical Africa.
Lamiaceae	Ocimum campechianum	Wild Sweet Basil, Mosquito Plant	Rockland hammocks, pine rocklands.	S. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Lamiaceae	Origanum	Oregano, Marjoram
Lamiaceae	Origanum majorana	Sweet Marjoram	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe (Cyprus and s. Turkey).
Lamiaceae	Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare	Wild Marjoram	Commonly cultivated in gardens, persistent or weakly spreading around gardens or as a waif.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for Madison County, AL (Barger et al. 2023).
Lamiaceae	Perilla	Perilla, Beefsteak-plant, Shiso
Lamiaceae	Perilla frutescens	Perilla, Beefsteak-plant, Shiso	Moist disturbed areas.	Native of India.
Lamiaceae	Petitia	Petitia
Lamiaceae	Petitia domingensis	Bastard Stopper	Disturbed pine rocklands.	Native of West Indies.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia	Obedient-plant
Lamiaceae	Physostegia angustifolia	Narrowleaf Dragonhead, Narrowleaf Obedient-plant	Calcareous openings, glades, prairies, bottomlands.	Sw. GA and AL west to KS and TX.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia correllii		Streambanks, ditches.	E. LA west to TX.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia digitalis	Foxglove Dragonhead, Foxglove Obedient-plant	Pinelands and prairies.	W. LA and e. TX; disjunct in AL Coastal Plain (Choctaw County).
Lamiaceae	Physostegia godfreyi	Apalachicola Dragonhead	Wet pine savannas and pine flatwoods, seepage slopes, adjacent ditches.	Endemic to Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia intermedia	Slender Dragonhead, Slender Obedient-plant	Swamps, moist forests, ditches.	IL, KY, AR, and LA west to OK and TX. Also mapped as widespread in Coastal Plain of GA (Jones & Coile 1988); presumably an error.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia leptophylla	Tidal Marsh Obedient-plant, Swamp Obedient-plant	Bottomland hardwood forests, swamps, tidal freshwater or slightly brackish (oligohaline) marshes, rarely wet savannas (GA).	Se. VA south to sc. peninsular FL, west to sw. GA., s. AL, and Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia longisepala	Longsepal Dragonhead	Wet pinelands, coastal prairies.	Sw. LA and se. TX.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia pulchella	Beautiful Obedient-plant	In bottomlands along streams.	Endemic to ne., e., and se. TX.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia purpurea	Savanna Obedient-plant	Wet savannas, savanna-swamp ecotones, ditches adjacent to former pinelands.	Ec. NC south to s. FL, west to sw. GA and Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia virginiana ssp. praemorsa	Southern Obedient-plant	Woodlands, glades, seepages, especially over calcareous or mafic rock.	OH west to n. IL, south to c. NC, n. FL, TX, NM, and Mexico.
Lamiaceae	Physostegia virginiana ssp. virginiana	Northern Obedient-plant	Streambanks, seepages, marshes, grassy balds (native occurrences usually over mafic or calcareous rocks), other open or semi-open moist to wet habitats, disturbed areas, ditches.	Native from QC west to MB, south to e. VA, nc. TN, nw. GA, s. MO, and ne. KS; escaped elsewhere (as in most of our area).
Lamiaceae	Piloblephis	Florida Pennyroyal
Lamiaceae	Piloblephis rigida	Florida Pennyroyal	Scrubby pine flatwoods, longleaf pine sandhills, xeric oak scrub, often with Quercus myrtifolia, pine rocklands.	S. GA south to s. peninsular FL; n. Bahamas.
Lamiaceae	Plectranthus	Spurflower, Coleus
Lamiaceae	Plectranthus parviflorus	Little Spurflower	Disturbed areas.	Native of Asia and Australia.
Lamiaceae	Plectranthus scutellarioides	Common Coleus, Dwarf Coleus	Disturbed areas, a waif from horticultural use.	Native of tropical Asia.
Lamiaceae	Premna	Premna
Lamiaceae	Premna odorata	Fragrant Premna, Alagau	Disturbed hammocks.	Native of Asia and Australia.
Lamiaceae	Prunella	Self-heal, Heal-all
Lamiaceae	Prunella laciniata	Cutleaf Self-heal	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Lamiaceae	Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata	American Self-heal	Disturbed areas, pastures, roadsides, bottomland forests; other forests and woodlands.	NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to NC, SC?, TN, MO, KS, NM, AZ, and CA.
Lamiaceae	Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris	Eurasian Self-heal	Disturbed areas, pastures, roadsides, bottomland forests; other forests and woodlands.	Native of Eurasia. Additional herbarium work is needed to clearly determine the relative ranges, distributions, habitats, and abundances of the two varieties, var. vulgaris and var. lanceolata.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum	Mountain-mint, Wild-basil
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum albescens	White Mountain-mint, White-leaved Mountain-mint	Bluff forests, hammocks, other open, mesic forests.	S. IL, MO, and se. KS south to GA, AL, MS, LA, and TX. Reported for NC by Small (as Koellia albescens), the basis of the report unknown to me. It is known from nc. GA (Jones & Coile 1988).
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum beadlei	Beadle's Mountain-mint	Forests, woodland borders.	A Southern and Central Appalachian endemic: WV, sw. VA and ne. TN south to sw. NC, nw. SC, and n. GA.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum clinopodioides		Forests, woodlands, woodland borders.	MA south to NC, SC, and TN, mostly on the Coastal Plain.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum curvipes	Tennessee Mountain-mint, Stone Mountain Mountain-mint	Dry rocky woodlands and rock outcrops (granite or mafic).	Sw. NC and se. TN south to nc. GA and n. AL; disjunct in nc. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997) and wc. KY (where found in 2022 in Muhlenberg and Butler counties, KY by Vanessa Voelker).
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum flexuosum	Savanna Mint, Savanna Mountain-mint	Moist to wet pine savannas, pine flatwoods, pocosin margins, mountain bogs, seepage areas on low elevation granite domes.	Se. VA south to ne. FL, west to Panhandle FL and s. MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008) on the Coastal Plain; disjunct inland in bogs and rock outcrops of sw. NC with Coastal Plain affinities, and in sc. TN.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum floridanum	Florida Mountain-mint	Longleaf pine sandhills.	Se. GA south to n. peninsular FL and e. Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum incanum var. incanum		Forests and woodland borders.	VT west to s. OH and s. IL, south to nc. NC, w. NC, and nc. TN.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum incanum var. puberulum		Forests and woodland borders.	WV and NC south to FL and AL.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum loomisii	Loomis's Mountain-mint	Forests and woodland borders.	VA west to IL, south to n. FL.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum monotrichum		Sandy woodlands.	Allegedly endemic to se. VA.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum montanum	Appalachian Mountain-mint	Balds, soil islands on granitic domes, calcareous woodlands, woodlands, forests, and forest edges.	W. NC and e. TN to nw. SC and n. GA, a Southern Appalachian endemic.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum muticum var. 1		Bogs, wet meadows, moist to wet forests.	NH and MA south to NC and SC.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum muticum var. muticum		Bogs, wet meadows, moist to wet forests.	NJ and MO south to FL and LA.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum nudum	Smooth Mountain-mint	Wet pine flatwoods.	Se. SC south to n. peninsular FL, Panhandle FL, and se. AL. Small (1933) attributes this species to NC; the documentation is unknown (and doubtful).
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum pilosum	Hairy Mountain-mint	Upland woodlands.	S. ON west to MI and IA, south to TN, AR, and OK. In c. TN, and reported from a single county in e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), in se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), and WV (Kartesz 1999).
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides var. pycnanthemoides		Forests and woodland borders.	VA and IL south to w. SC and n. GA
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides var. viridifolium		Forests and woodland borders.	VA and WV south to ec. GA, AL, and Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum setosum	Awned Mountain-mint	Loamy pine savannas, other dry to moist pinelands, hammocks, river bars, tidal swamps.	NJ south to ne. FL and Panhandle FL, on the Coastal Plain; not known from MS (Sorrie & LeBlond 2008).
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum tenuifolium	Slender Mountain-mint	Bogs, wet meadows, moist to wet forests.	ME west to MN, KS, and OK, south to FL and TX.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum torreyi	Torrey's Mountain-mint	Dry rocky woodlands, over mafic, ultramafic, or calcareous rocks, dry powerline rights-of-way.	NH west to IL, south to NC and SC.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum verticillatum	Whorled Mountain-mint	Upland rocky woodlands.	VT west to MI, south to NC and KY.
Lamiaceae	Pycnanthemum virginianum	Virginia Mountain-mint	Wet meadows, marshes, prairie sloughs, over calcareous or mafic rocks or sediments.	ME west to ND, south to NC, nw. GA, n. AL, and OK.
Lamiaceae	Rhododon	Sandmint
Lamiaceae	Rhododon angulatus	Aransas Sandmint	Sand dunes and live oak mottes.	Endemic to Aransas and Refugio counties, se. TX outer Coastal Plain.
Lamiaceae	Rhododon ciliatus	Carrizo Sandmint	Dry, sandy woodlands.	Endemic to the dry sands, primarily of the Carrizo formation in e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Salvia	Sage, Clary
Lamiaceae	Salvia azurea var. azurea	Azure Sage	Longleaf pine sandhills, especially in loamy swales and flats, pine flatwoods, hammocks, other sandy or rocky woodlands.	S. NC south to Panhandle FL, west to TX.
Lamiaceae	Salvia azurea var. grandiflora	Blue Sage, Prairie Azure Sage	Prairies, woodlands over calcareous or mafic rocks.	IL, IA, NE, and e. CO south to nw. GA, n. AL, ne. MS, LA, se. TX, and c. TX.
Lamiaceae	Salvia ballotiflora	Shrubby Blue Sage, Crespa, Mejorana	Rocky, sandy or gravelly soils of chaparral and thickets.	Sc. TX south through s. TX to c. Mexico.
Lamiaceae	Salvia chapmanii	Chapman’s Sage	Calcareous glades, calcareous woodlands.	N. FL, sw. GA, s. AL, and ec. MS.
Lamiaceae	Salvia coccinea	Scarlet Sage, Blood Sage, Country Belle, Banderilla Colorado, Mirto	Hammocks, longleaf pine sandhills, disturbed areas.	The species is certainly only an introduction in the more northern parts of its distribution in our region. Whether it is native in the more southeastern parts of the region is uncertain and disputed.
Lamiaceae	Salvia engelmannii	Engelmann's Sage	Limestone prairies.	Nc. TX south to sc. TX.
Lamiaceae	Salvia farinacea	Mealy-cup Sage	Limestone prairies and rock outcrops, eastwards in disturbed areas.	N. LA, OK, and NM south to s. TX and ne. Mexico (COA, NLE); eastwards adventive in Alachua and Marion counties, FL.
Lamiaceae	Salvia greggii	Gregg's Sage	Rocky limestone areas.	Ec., c. and w. TX, south to c. Mexico.
Lamiaceae	Salvia hispanica	Spanish Sage, Chia	Disturbed areas.	Native of tropical America. Introduced in Alachua County, FL.
Lamiaceae	Salvia lyrata	Lyreleaf Sage, Cancer-weed	Hammocks, lawns, roadsides, dry to mesic woodlands and forests, floodplains, calcareous barrens.	CT west to MO, south to FL and TX.
Lamiaceae	Salvia micrantha	Blodgett’s Sage	Pine rocklands, rockland hammocks, shell mounds, disturbed uplands.	S. FL; West Indies; Mexico and Central America.
Lamiaceae	Salvia misella	Tropical Sage, River Sage	Hammocks.	Peninsular FL (Alachua County south to s. FL); West Indies; Mexico; South America.
Lamiaceae	Salvia nemorosa	Balkan Clary	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Salvia occidentalis	West Indian Sage	Dry disturbed areas.	C. and s. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Lamiaceae	Salvia officinalis	Garden Sage	Cultivated as a garden herb, rarely persistent.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Salvia pallida	Pale Sage	Disturbed areas.	Native of Argentina. Reported for Camden County, NJ (Kartesz 2010)
Lamiaceae	Salvia pentstemonoides	Big Red Sage	Streambanks and seepage over ledges of limestone, mainly Edwards Plateau.	Sc. TX.
Lamiaceae	Salvia pratensis	Meadow Sage, Meadow Clary	Fields and disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Salvia reflexa	Lanceleaf Sage, Mintweed, Rocky Mountain Sage	Marshes, prairies, disturbed areas.	ON and BC south to n. AR, c. TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico. The apparent ascription by Cronquist (1991) of S. reflexa Hornemann to ‘N.C.’ is a typographic error for ‘N.D.’ This species is, however, sometimes adventive as far east as WV. In c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). Reported for AL (Limestone County) by Keener et al. (2024).
Lamiaceae	Salvia roemeriana	Cedar Sage	Cedar brakes and limestone outcrops.	Mainly Edwards Plateau west to trans-Pecos TX and n. Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, TAM).
Lamiaceae	Salvia rosmarinus	Rosemary	Gardens, commonly cultivated, rarely persistent or established.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Lamiaceae	Salvia sclarea	Clary	Cultivated as a garden herb, rarely persistent or escaping.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Salvia serotina	Little Woman, Small White Sage	Mesic hammocks, coastal strands, disturbed areas.	Peninsular FL; West Indies.
Lamiaceae	Salvia splendens	Scarlet Sage
Lamiaceae	Salvia texana	Texas Sage	Prairies and woodlands over limestone.	Nc. TX and se. NM south through c. and s. TX to n. Mexico (COA, NLE, SLP, TAM, VER).
Lamiaceae	Salvia urticifolia	Nettle-leaf Sage	Woodlands and glades, usually over mafic or calcareous rocks.	N. VA (and allegedly MD and s. PA) west to w. KY (and allegedly a single county in IN), south to SC, c. GA, c. AL, and nw. MS. Records from further south (sw. GA, Panhandle FL, s. AL, and ec. MS) represent S. chapmanii.
Lamiaceae	Salvia verbenaca	Wild Clary	Fields and disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Lamiaceae	Salvia verticillata	Whorled Clary	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Introduced as far south as scattered locations in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), MD, and WV (Kartesz 1999, 2020).
Lamiaceae	Satureja	Savory
Lamiaceae	Satureja hortensis	Summer Savory	Waif from horticultural use.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and sw. Asia.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria	Skullcap
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria alabamensis	Alabama Skullcap	Dry woodlands.	Endemic to c. and n. AL.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria altamaha	Altamaha Skullcap	Sandy or rocky, dry forests.	Nc. SC to ec. GA and se. GA.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria arenicola	Sandhill Skullcap	Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub.	S. GA and ne. FL south to s. FL.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria australis	Southern Skullcap	Bottomland forests, rocky woodlands, glades, barrens, prairies.	NC, s. WV, KY, IN, IL, MO, and KS, south to Panhandle FL, LA, and e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria bushii	Bush's Skullcap	Rocky limestone woodlands, barrens, and glades.	S. MO and nc. AR.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria cardiophylla	Gulf Skullcap	Sandy woodlands, ravines, seepages.	C. AR and se. OK south to w. LA and e. and c. TX.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria drummondii var. drummondii	Drummond's Skullcap	Blackland prairies, dry disturbed areas.	GA west to LA and TX, south into Mexico. First reported for GA by Lee Echols in 2005 (pers. comm.).
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria drummondii var. edwardsiana	Edwards Plateau Skullcap	On limestone.	Nc. OK south to sc. TX, w. TX, and se. NM.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria drummondii var. runyonii	Runyon's Skullcap	Low woodlands and slopes.	S. TX.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria elliptica var. elliptica	Hairy Skullcap	Mesic to dry forests.	NY, KY, and IN, south to s. GA, ne. and Panhandle FL, MS, LA, and e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria elliptica var. glandulosa	Ozark Skullcap	Dry to moist, rocky forests.	E. and c. MO and e. KS south to sc. AR and se. OK.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria elliptica var. hirsuta	Kentucky Skullcap	Mesic to dry forests.	PA and MI south to w. VA, w. NC, nw. GA, s. AL, and e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria floridana	Florida Skullcap	Pine flatwoods.	Endemic to FL Panhandle (Bay, Franklin, Gulf, and Liberty counties).
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria galericulata	Hooded Skullcap	Spring-fed seepage, fens, bogs, swamps, freshwater tidal marshes.	Circumboreal, south in North America to DE, MD, VA, ne. WV, w. NC, IN, MO, n. TX, and CA. The NC occurrence is based on old collections from 1937 and before. Reported recently from MD (Steury, Tyndall, & Cooley 1996).
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria glabriuscula	Georgia Skullcap, Gulf Skullcap	Longleaf pine sandhills.	Sw. GA and w. FL Panhandle west through s. AL to s. MS, an East Gulf Coastal Plain endemic.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria havanensis	Havana Skullcap	Pine rocklands.	S. FL; West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico).
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria incana var. australis		Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry sandy open woods or woodland margins.	Gulf Coastal Plain of sw. GA, nw. FL, s. AL, and c. MS; disjunct to e. SC and Brunswick County, NC.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria incana var. incana		Dry to mesic forests and woodlands.	NY, OH, IN, IL, and s. MI, south to e. VA, c. NC, KY, w. TN, MS, AR, se. KS, and e. OK.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria incana var. punctata		Dry to mesic forests and woodlands.	A broad southern Appalachian endemic: sw. VA and WV south through w. NC, nw. SC, e. TN to n. GA and ne. AL.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria integrifolia	Narrowleaf Skullcap	Wet pine savannas, pine flatwoods, seeps in forests, bottomlands, other moist sites, ditches.	MA south to c. peninsular FL, west to e. TX, northward in the interior to OH, KY, and TN.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria lateriflora	Mad-dog Skullcap, Tall Blue Skullcap	Alluvial forests, bogs, seeps, marshes, shores.	NL (Newfoundland) west to BC, south to GA, Panhandle FL, and CA.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria leonardii	Shale-barren Skullcap, Glade Skullcap	Limestone glades, diabase barrens, shale barrens and woodlands, dry sandy soils.	MA west to MI and ND, south to se. VA, nc. NC, AR, and OK.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria mellichampii	Mellichamp's Skullcap	Sandy deciduous forests on river bluffs, maritime hammocks.	C. and e. SC south to e. GA; disjunct in c. and ne. AL.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria montana	Large-flowered Skullcap	Mesic hardwood (or hardwood-shortleaf pine) forests.	Se. TN south to nw. GA.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria multiglandulosa	Small's Skullcap	Longleaf pine sandhills, dry sandy bluff forests.	SC (Abbeville and Anderson counties) to e. GA, south to e. Panhandle FL and c. peninsular FL.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria muriculata	Rio Grande Skullcap	Sandy areas.	S. TX (and ne. Mexico?).
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria nervosa	Bottomland Skullcap, Veined Skullcap	Alluvial forests, mesic to dry woodlands (especially over mafic or calcareous rocks).	S. NY, s. MI, and e. IA, south to c. GA, n. AL, and (allegedly) LA.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria ocmulgee	Ocmulgee Skullcap	Bluff forests and other mesic hardwood forests with calcareous soils.	Endemic to sc. SC and ec. GA.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria ovata var. bracteata		Dry forests and woodlands, hammocks.	MO south through AR and OK to c. TX and Mexico; disjunct eastward in s. MS, c. and n. AL, w. Panhandle FL, nw. GA, and NC and SC.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria ovata var. ovata	Heartleaf Skullcap	Mesic to submesic forests and woodlands.	VA, OH, s. MI, s. WI, and se. MN south to FL Panhandle, and e. TX.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria ovata var. rugosa		Shale barrens, other dry woodlands.	Appalachians from MD to w. NC; Interior Highlands from sw. IL through s. MO to nc. AR.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria parvula	Dwarf Skullcap	Upland prairies and rock outcrops.	ME west to MN, south to GA and TX. In c. TN and scattered locations in e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997). Map is speculative because of past confusion of records.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria pseudoserrata		Rich, rocky forests.	Also in e. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), nc. and c. GA (Jones & Coile 1988). Cultivated in Highlands, Macon Co., NC.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria racemosa	South American Skullcap	Landscaped areas, disturbed areas.	Native of South America. Reported from FL, AL, GA, and SC by Kral (1981). Krings & Neal (2001a, 2001b) report it for Chatham Co., NC and discuss its occurrence in se. United States. Also in Moore County, NC (B. Sorrie, pers.comm. 2016).
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria resinosa	Resinous Skullcap	Prairies, slopes, rocky areas.	KS south to sc. TX.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria saxatilis	Rock Skullcap	Rocky forests.	DE to OH and IN, south to SC and TN.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria serrata	Showy Skullcap, Serrate Skullcap	Rich forests.	S. NY, s. OH, and KY south to GA and AL.
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria thieretii	Thieret's Skullcap	Shell middens and cheniers.	Sw. LA coastal areas apparently to se. TX (Nueces County, fide Kartesz 2021).
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria wrightii	Wright's Skullcap	Prairies and bluffs over limestone.	OK south to sc. TX.
Lamiaceae	Sideritis
Lamiaceae	Sideritis montana	Ironwort	Cultivated fields, disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Lamiaceae	Sideritis romana	Ironwort	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe. Introduced and naturalized as far south as PA (Rhoads & Klein 1991, Cronquist 1991) and WV (Cronquist 1991).
Lamiaceae	Stachydeoma
Lamiaceae	Stachydeoma graveolens		Longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, upper margins of natural ponds.	Endemic to Panhandle FL.
Lamiaceae	Stachys	Hedge-nettle
Lamiaceae	Stachys alabamica	Alabama Hedge-nettle	Creek-floodplain transitions along Cheaha Creek (Clay County, AL).	Clay County, AL. Apparently only known from along the Cheaha Creek in the Talladega Mountains.
Lamiaceae	Stachys annua	Annual Woundwort, Annual Hedge-nettle	Disturbed areas, probably only a waif (Virginia Botanical Associates 2019).	Native of Europe.

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