| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onagraceae | Chamaenerion | Fireweed |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Onagraceae | Chamaenerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum | Great Willow-herb, Fireweed | Grassy balds, roadsides, montane fields, burned areas, disturbed areas. | Circumboreal, extending south in North America to New Jersey, montane w. North Carolina and ne. Tennessee, n. Indiana, Minnesota, South Dakota, Arizona, New Mexico, and California. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Onagraceae | Circaea | Enchanter's-nightshade |  (c) Dishman, Layla | ||
| Onagraceae | Circaea ×sterilis | Hybrid Enchanter's-nightshade | Mesic, nutrient-rich forests. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Ontario and Minnesota, south to w. North Carolina, Ohio, and Wisconsin; it appears to be rare in our area, but should be sought more carefully. | |
| Onagraceae | Circaea alpina ssp. alpina | Alpine Enchanter's-nightshade | Moist organic soil at high elevations (especially in spruce-fir and northern hardwood forests), rocky or gravelly seepages, in spray behind waterfalls, at dripping cliff bases. | Ssp. alpina is itself circumboreal, in North America ranging from Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador), west to Alaska, south to Maryland, w. North Carolina, e. Tennessee, Kentucky, n. Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, and Washington, disjunct in montane sites southward in the w. United States, such as the Black Hills of South Dakota, and isolated montane sites in Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. |  (c) Haines, Arthur |
| Onagraceae | Circaea canadensis | Canada Enchanter's-nightshade | Mesic, nutrient-rich forests. | Nova Scotia and New Brunswick west to se. Manitoba and North Dakota, south to e. North Carolina, c. South Carolina, s. Georgia, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium | Willow-herb) [also see Chamerion] |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Onagraceae | Epilobium ×wisconsinense | ||||
| Onagraceae | Epilobium brachycarpum | Railroad yards, a waif in our region. | Québec, Ontario, and British Columbia south to Minnesota, w. Nebraska, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Mexico. |  (c) Raspet, Cricket - CC-BY | |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum | American Willow-herb | Bogs, seeps, disturbed wet places (such as moist edges of logging roads). | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Newfoundland and Labrador (Labrador) west to Alaska, south to Virginia, w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina (Bradley et al. [in prep.]), ne. Tennessee, Indiana, Iowa, California, Texas, Mexico, Central America; disjunct in Chile and Argentina. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum | Northern Willow-herb | Seeps, other wet habitats. | Newfoundland and Labrador west to Alaska, south to n. New Jersey, New York, n. Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, New Mexico, Arizona, California; e. Asia. |  (c) Heyman, Alex - CC0 |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium coloratum | Bronze Willow-herb, Eastern Willow-herb | Seepages, streambanks, other moist open places. | Maine west to Minnesota, south to North Carolina, n. Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, and Texas; allegedly disjunct in Hispaniola. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium densum | Northeastern Willow-herb, Downy Willow-herb, Soft Willow-herb | Marshes, bogs. | Québec west to Minnesota, south to s. New Jersey, n. Virginia (?), West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, c. Illinois, and Iowa. Reported for Arlington County, Virginia; the single record is regarded as questionable. |  (c) Gunnar, Aaron - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium hirsutum | Hairy Willow-herb, Codlins-and-Cream | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia and Africa. Naturalized south to s. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Klein 1993; Rhoads & Block 2007), Maryland, and West Virginia (Kartesz 1999, 2010). |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium leptophyllum | Narrowleaf Willow-herb, American Marsh Willow-herb | Bogs, fens, seepages, and boggy meadows. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) and Northwest Territories west to British Columbia and Alaska, south to w. North Carolina, ne. Tennessee, Kansas, ne. Texas (Mink, Singhurst, & Holmes 2011b), and California. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium palustre | Marsh Willowherb | Bogs, wooded swamps. | Circumboreal, south in North America to Pennsylvania, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, and California. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium parviflorum | Smallflower Hairy Willowherb | Moist shores, cattail marshes, drawdown areas. | Native of Europe. Reported for West Virginia (Elizabeth Byers, pers.comm., 2021) and for e. Kentucky (V. Voelker, pers.comm., 2024). |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Onagraceae | Epilobium roseum | Waif on ballast. | Pennsylvania (Kartesz 2022). | ||
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia | Seedbox, Water-primrose, Water-purslane |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia alata | Winged Seedbox | Interdune ponds, freshwater to slightly brackish (oligohaline) marshes, cypress swamps. | Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to se. Louisiana; disjunct in Jamaica, where apparently introduced. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia alternifolia | Alternate-leaved Seedbox | Freshwater tidal marshes, ditches, other marshes, open wet places, disturbed wet places. | Massachusetts west to s. Ontario, s. Michigan, Iowa, and Kansas, south to n. Florida and e. Texas. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia arcuata | Pondshore Seedbox | Marshes or submerged in water of natural Coastal Plain ponds. | Ne. South Carolina south to s. Florida, west to Panhandle Florida and s. Alabama. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia bonariensis | Freshwater tidal marshes and adjacent disturbed areas. | Apparently native of tropical America. Locally abundant in disturbed edges of freshwater tidal marshes near Wilmington, North Carolina, perhaps introduced on ship's ballast. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia brevipes | Long Beach Seedbox, Coastal Plain Water-purslane | Pondshores, blackwater rivers, interdunal swales, borrow ponds, ditches, impoundments, tidal freshwater marshes, other marshes. | New Jersey south to e. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), and Panhandle Florida (Escambia County), in the Coastal Plain. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia curtissii | Curtiss’s Seedbox | Pine savannas, flatwoods, marshes, marl prairies, pond shores. | Nc. Florida south to s. Florida; Bahamas. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia decurrens | Wingstem Water-primrose | Swamp forests, marshes, ditches. | Maryland, w. Virginia, West Virginia, s. Indiana, s. Illinois, and Missouri, south to s. Florida and Texas; West Indies; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Tabasco), Central America and South America; introduced in Africa and Asia. |  (c) Goldman, Douglas - CC-BY-SA |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia erecta | Yerba de Jicotea | Marshes, swamps, pineland ponds. | Florida; West Indies; s. Mexico, Central America and South America; introduced in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Also in Coastal Plain of Mississippi and e. Texas, probably by introduction. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia glandulosa | Small-flowered Seedbox | Low forests, marshes, ditches. | E. Maryland south to n. Florida, west to e. Texas, north in the interior to c. Tennessee, w. Kentucky, s. Indiana, s. Illinois, se. Missouri, c. Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma, primarily on the Southeastern Coastal Plain. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia grandiflora | Showy Water-primrose | Ponds, lakes, sluggish waters of ditches or streams. | Se. South Carolina south to Florida, west to Texas; disjunct in Missouri, Guatemala, and in s. South America. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia hexapetala | Common Water-primrose | Ponds, lakes, sluggish waters of ditches or streams. | North Carolina south to Florida, west to Oklahoma and Texas; also in California, Europe, South America, Mexico; also introduced farther north in North America. Reported for Delaware and Maryland (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia hirtella | Rafinesque's Seedbox, Spindleroot, Hairy Seedbox | Pine savannas, rarely inland in boggy seepage in barrens and oak flatwoods. | S. New Jersey south to Panhandle Florida, west to e. Texas, north in the interior to Kentucky, c. Tennessee, Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia lanceolata | Lanceleaf Seedbox | Pocosins, interdune ponds, open wet areas. | Se. North Carolina south to c. peninsular Florida, west to Panhandle Florida. |  (c) Powell, Eric M - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia leptocarpa | Water-willow | Riverbanks, marshes, swamps, and ditches, often on logs or tree bases in deep swamps. | Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Texas, north in the interior along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to se. Missouri, s. Illinois, and w. West Virginia; tropical America; tropical Africa. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia linearis var. linearis | Eastern Narrowleaf Seedbox | Pine savannas, swamps, marshes. | Var. linearis ranges from s. New Jersey south to c. peninsular Florida, west to se. Louisiana, extending inland to the Cumberland Plateau of nc. Alabama and c. Tennessee. |  (c) Arendell, Adam |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia linearis var. puberula | Western Narrowleaf Seedbox | Pine savannas, prairies, interdunal swales, ditches. | Var. puberula ranges primarily from c. Alabama west to c. Arkansas and e. Missouri, south to e. Texas, with intergradational material extending as far north and east as n. Florida and e. North Carolina. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia linifolia | Flaxleaf Seedbox | Limesink ponds (dolines) and Taxodium ascendens savannas; wet pine savannas. | Nc. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; disjunct in s. Mexico (Tabasco). |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia longifolia | Longleaf Seedbox | Swamps, marshes. | Native of South America. | |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia maritima | Harper's Seedbox | Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, bogs. | E. North Carolina south to s. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana. |  (c) Keim, Mary - CC-BY-NC-SA, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia microcarpa | Small-fruited Seedbox | In circumneutral or alkaline soils of moist places, over calcareous rock, mafic rock, shell hash, or brackish sands, such as in maritime wet grasslands, savannas and adjacent ditches over coquina limestone (‘marl’), and wet clay flats over diabase, often in roadside ditches, and inland in calcareous fens and wet calcareous glades. | Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to se. Texas (Brown & Marcus 1998); disjunct inland on calcareous or mafic rocks in nc. North Carolina, nc. South Carolina, n. Georgia, n. Alabama, c. and e. Tennessee, sc. Missouri, and nc. Arkansas; also in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia octovalvis | Mexican Primose-willow | Marshes, disturbed areas. | Se. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to wc. Texas; and widespread in tropical America; Old World tropics and subtropics. The native and non-native components of the distribution are unclear, but Mohr (1901) referred to Jussiaea suffruticosa as "occurring near ballast heaps; presumably a fugitive from the tropics". This suggests that most or all of the southeasrnn distribution may be non-native. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia palustris | Common Water-purslane | In a wide range of natural and altered moist to wet, disturbed areas, such as ditches, marshes, swamps, saturated firelanes and other wet sandy areas. Often in areas with some standing water, at least seasonally. | Widespread in North America, West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America, Central Eurasia, Africa, and w. Asia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia peploides var. glabrescens | Floating Primrose-willow | Pools, ditches, disturbed places. | Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina south and west to Florida and Arizona; Mexico; Venezuela. Doubtfully native in the eastern parts of our area. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia peploides var. montevidensis | Marshes. | Native of South America. | ||
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia peploides var. peploides | Canals, ditches, sluggish waters. | Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California south to Mexico, Central America, South America; West Indies. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia | |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia peruviana | Primrose-willow | Swamps, pondshores, wet ditches, disturbed marshes. | Native of the Neotropics. In s. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988) and Louisiana (Reid et al. 2024). All or part of the Southeastern distribution is as an alien species. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia pilosa | Hairy Seedbox | Swamps, ditches, blackwater streams, other wet places. | Se. Virginia south to n. Florida, west to se. Texas, restricted to the Coastal Plain except for disjunct occurrences inland in North Carolina, Virginia, and n. Alabama. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia polycarpa | Manyfruit Seedbox | Wet meadows, swales. | Massachusetts, Connecticut, and w. Vermont west to s. Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and c. Nebraska, south to c. Virginia, Kentucky, s. Illinois, s. Missouri, and e. Kansas. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia ravenii | Raven's Seedbox | Margins of Coastal Plain ponds, wet pine savannas, swamps, marshes, wet open places. | Se. Virginia south to ne. Florida, restricted to the Coastal Plain. |  (c) Bradley, Keith - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia repens | Creeping Seedbox | Ditches, pools, and streams. | Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to Texas, California, and n. Mexico, north in the interior to Tennessee, Missouri, and Oklahoma; Bermuda; West Indies; Central America. Virginia records from Frederick and Greensville counties were in error. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia simpsonii | Simpson's Seedbox | Ponds, ditches. | Ne. Florida, Panhandle Florida, s. Mississippi (?) south to s. Florida; West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica). | |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia spathulata | Southern Water-purslane | Sinkhole ponds, cypress-gum ponds, depression meadows, boggy shores. | South Carolina south to Panhandle Florida and s. Alabama. |  © Madison Ohmen |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia species 1 [=brachycarpa] | Prairies, meadows, ditches, seeps. | Sw. Arkansas and s. Oklahoma south to sw. Louisiana and e. and c. Texas. | ||
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia sphaerocarpa | Globe-fruited Seedbox | Boggy areas, pools, ditches, river marshes, interdune swales, river and pondshores, tidal freshwater marshes. | E. Massachusetts south to n. Florida, west to e. Texas, primarily on the Coastal Plain, spottily distributed in that range, and also disjunct in w. New York, sc. Tennessee, s. Indiana, and nw. Indiana, ne. and s. Illinois. Rediscovered in Illinois in 2019 by Paul Marcum in Pope County, approximately 160 years after first being discovered in the state much further north in Cook County. This species otherwise primarily occurs in the coastal plain outside of its Great Lakes disjunction. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia suffruticosa | Pond Seedbox, "Shrubby Seedbox" | Periodically to seasonally flooded portions of limesink ponds (dolines) and pondcypress savannas of clay-based Carolina bays, other seasonally ponded wetlands. | Se. North Carolina south to s. peninsular Florida, west to Panhandle Florida and se. Alabama; allegations that this species is also in s. Mexico and other parts of the Neotropics are based on misidentications. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Onagraceae | Ludwigia virgata | Savanna Seedbox | Wet pine savannas and pine flatwoods. | Se. Virginia south to s. peninsular Florida, west to Panhandle Florida and se. Alabama. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera | Evening-primrose, Onagre (fr) |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera albicaulis | Dry, sandy areas. | North Dakota and Montana south to sc. Oklahoma, wc. Texas, w. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and n. Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora). |  © John French | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera argillicola | Shale-barren Evening-primrose | Shale barrens and woodlands. | Sc. Pennsylvania south through Maryland to e. West Virginia and w. Virginia (south to Montgomery County). | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera biennis | Common Evening-primrose, Belle de nuit (frc) | Fields, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Ranging widely in e. North America and Europe, and scattered in w. North America. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera calcicola | Texas Gaura | Dry limestone and caliche soils. | C. and w. Texas south to Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Querétaro?, Tamaulipas). | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera canescens | Depressions, playas, ditches. | C. Nebraska, e. Kansas, Oklahoma, and Panhandle Texas west tp e. Wyoming, e. Colorado, and ne. New Mexico. | ||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera capillifolia ssp. berlandieri | Berlandier's Sundrops | Prairies, sandy, rocky, or gravelly open areas, especially calcareous. | Kansas and s. Colorado south to e. Texas, s. Texas, w. Texas, and ne. Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera capillifolia ssp. capillifolia | Berlandier's Sundrops | Prairies and oak savannas, in sandy and rocky areas, especially calcareous. | Oklahoma and New Mexico south through s. Louisiana and s. Texas to Mexico; disjunct eastward in Mississippi and Alabama. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera cinerea ssp. cinerea | Woolly Gaura | Sandy flats and dunes. | Kansas and se. Colorado south to c. Texas, w. Texas, and s. New Mexico. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera cinerea ssp. parksii | Parks's Gaura | Sand flats, sand barrens, sandy prairies, dunes, and openings in dry oak woodlands, over sands primarily derived from the Eocene-age Wilcox, Jackson, and Claiborne geological groups. | S. Texas. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera clelandii | Sand Evening-primrose | Sand prairies, riverbanks, dry, sandy disturbed areas. | Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota south to Kentucky and Arkansas; scattered further east as introductions. Reported for South Carolina (Kartesz 1999, 2021), but based on misidentification. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera cordata | Heartleaf Evening-primrose | Sandy oak woodlands and savannas. | Endemic in se. Texas. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera coryi | Cory's Evening-primrose | Open grasslands. | Endemic in nc. Texas, west of our region (reported for Johnson County, Texas by Kartesz [2022], but based on a misidentified herbarium specimen). | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera curtiflora | Small-flowered Gaura, Velvety Gaura, Lizardtail Gaura | Sandy fields, disturbed areas, and clearings. | Indiana and Illinois west to Washington, south to Mississippi, and Mexico (Puebla); apparently introduced eastward to Massachusetts, Tennessee, Georgia, and South Carolina (the exact eastern edge of the native distribution uncertain). |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera curtissii | Florida Evening-primrose | Longleaf pine sandhills, sandy fields, other dry disturbed areas. | Se. South Carolina south to n. peninsular Florida, west to s. Alabama. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera demareei | Demaree's Gaura, Ouachita Gaura | Open meadows in sandy loam. | Arkansas west to e. Oklahoma and ne. Texas, centered in the Ouachita Mountains. |  (c) mayfly1963 - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera drummondii | Drummond's Evening-primrose | Sandy ocean beaches, disturbed areas; eastwards perhaps only introduced or adventive from the western Gulf Coast. | Se. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to se. Texas, and south to c. Mexico (Baja California Sur, Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); occurrences eastwards (from Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina) are sometimes considered adventive, but in habitat are entirely plausible as native occurrences. All inland occurrences should be considered adventive. O. thalassaphila Brandegee is restricted to the southern tip of Baja California. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera elata ssp. hirsutissima | Hooker's Evening Primrose | Moist sites in floodplains, fallow fields, and other disturbed areas. | Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, and Washington south to e. Oklahoma, e. Texas, w. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Mexico. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera falfurriae | Royal Evening-primrose | Open, sandy sites. | E. and s. Texas. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera filiformis | Large-flowered Gaura, Biennial Gaura, Tall Gaura | Glades, prairies, woodlands, shell middens and calcareous hammocks, openings in bottomland forests, disturbed areas, especially over calcareous soils. | Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Nebraska, south to Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and s. Texas. |  (c) Weakley, Alan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera filipes | Threadstalk Gaura | Longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, barrens, prairies, sandy fields, disturbed areas, and clearings. | South Carolina west to n. Tennessee and s. Indiana, south to ne. Florida and e. and w. Louisiana. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. 1 [brevistipata] | Glandular Sundrops | Calcareous barrens and glades, post oak savannas and flatwoods, other dry to dry-mesic, rocky or sandy woodlands. | S. South Carolina west to Mississippi and north to Illinois and Ohio. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. fruticosa | Narrowleaf Sundrops | Piedmont hardpan woodlands, mafic and ultramafic barrens and glades, dry oak-hickory woodlands, longleaf pine sandhills, dry roadsides. | South Carolina north to Pennsylvania, mostly in the Piedmont. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. goodmanii | Ozark Sundrops | Dry forests and woodlands, glades, rock outcrops. | Ozark Plateau and Ouachita Mountains, and adjacent areas, of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Louisiana. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. microcarpa | Small-fruited Sundrops | Boggy depressions. | E. Maryland south to e. South Carolina. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera fruticosa var. subglobosa | Flatrock Sundrops | Granite flatrocks and domes. | Georgia to e. Alabama. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera gaura | Biennial Gaura, Northeastern Gaura | Barrens, glades, woodlands, roadsides, streambanks, fields, disturbed areas. | Massachusetts and New York west to Wisconsin, se. Minnesota, and Iowa, south to sw. North Carolina, c. Georgia (Jones & Coile 1988), sc. Tennessee, and c. Illinois. Reports from the Gulf and Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain appear to be based on misidentification of O. simulans and O. filiformis. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera glauca | Glaucous Sundrops | Cliffs, rocky streambanks, moist forests over sedimentary rock. | Cumberland Plateau and Ridge and Valley of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Georgia. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera glaucifolia | Glaucous Evening-primrose, "False Gaura" | Limestone and dolomite glades, disturbed areas. | Missouri, South Dakota, and se. Wyoming south to sw. Arkansas, e. and c. Texas, and New Mexico. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera glazioviana | Garden Evening-primrose | Disturbed areas. | This species apparently arose as a garden hybrid, and has been widely cultivated and naturalized nearly worldwide. |  (c) Semmling, Bonnie - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera grandiflora | Large-flowered Evening-primrose | Woodlands, river-banks, disturbed areas. | Apparently native to Panhandle Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi; scattered elsewhere as a horticultural plant. |  (c) Gorrell, Jared - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera grandis | Showy Ragged Evening-primrose | Upland prairies, roadsides, other disturbed (especially sandy) areas. | Illinois, Missouri, and Nebraska south to Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico (Durango, Michoacán, Tamaulipas). |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. fendleri | Fendler's Sundrops | Prairies, calcareous grasslands. | Sc. Kansas, n. New Mexico, and n. Arizona south to s. and w. Texas and ne. Mexico (Coahuila). | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. filifolia | ||||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. hartwegii | Prairies. | N. Texas south to s. Mexico. | ||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. maccartii | MacCart's Sundrops | Grasslands over limestone. | C. and s. Texas south to ne. Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera hartwegii ssp. pubescens | Hartweg's Sundrops | Open sandy or calcareous areas. | Kansas, New Mexico, and Arizona south through e. Oklahoma and c. and s. Texas to Mexico (Coahuila, Durango). | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera heterophylla ssp. heterophylla | Sandhill Evening-primrose | Sandy oak woodlands, also roadsides and other disturbed areas. | Sw. Arkansas and ne. Texas south to sw. Louisiana and e. Texas. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera heterophylla ssp. orientalis | Alabama Evening-primrose | Xeric fluvial sand ridges and barrens, other open, sandy areas. | Endemic to w. Alabama (Pickens and Sumter counties), sw. Arkansas, and Mississippi (Tombigbee barrens, J. Kees, pers.comm. 2021). |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera hispida | Sweet Gaura, Scented Gaura, Drummond's Gaura | Prairies, disturbed areas. | Arkansas south to Louisiana, Texas, and Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas); disjunct eastward in e. Georgia (Kartesz 1999), where apparently introduced. |  (c) johnyochum - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera humifusa | Seabeach Evening-primrose, Spreading Evening-primrose | Coastal sand dunes, disturbed sandy areas and lawns on barrier islands. | S. New Jersey south to s. Florida, west to s. Louisiana, along the coast. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera hybrida | Blue Ridge Sundrops | Moist forests and woodlands, rocky streambanks, moist roadsides, at moderate to high elevations. | Southern Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia south through North Carolina and Tennessee to Georgia. |  © Austin Peay State University Herbarium staff |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera indecora | A waif on ballast, collected in 1890 at Wilmington, NC. | Native of South America. | ||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera jamesii | Trumpet Evening-primrose | Stream banks, other moist areas. | Sc. Kansas, c. and w. Oklahoma, Texas, and ne. Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León). |  © Adam Black |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera kunthiana | Kunth's Evening-primrose | Alluvial flats. | S., c., and w. Texas and se. Arizona south to se. Mexico. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera laciniata | Cutleaf Evening-primrose | Disturbed areas. | Maine west to North Dakota, south to s. Florida and Texas; also in California. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera lindheimeri | Lindheimer's Beeblossom | Coastal prairies; eastwards on roadsides and in other disturbed areas. | W. Louisiana and Texas; scattered eastwards (perhaps only as introductions) in e. Louisiana (the Florida parishes), s. Mississippi, s. Alabama, and Panhandle Florida. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera linifolia | Threadleaf Sundrops, Flaxleaf Sundrops | Barrens, glades, dry openings, and fields. | C. Virginia west to s. Illinois and se. Kansas, south to Panhandle Florida and se. Texas. Some of the occurrences east of the Mississippi River may be adventive. Belden et al. (2004) discuss the Virginia occurrence. |  © Bruce Sorrie |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera macrocarpa ssp. incana | Grasslands and disturbed areas. | Sc. Kansas south through c. and w. Oklahoma to nc. Texas. | ||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera macrocarpa ssp. macrocarpa | Missouri Evening-primrose, Wingfruit Evening-primrose, Glade-lily, Missouri-primrose | Glades on calcareous substrates, blackland prairies. | Illinois west to Wyoming, south to n. Arkansas and c. Texas; disjunct in c. Tennessee; n. Mexico. Ebinger et al. (2010) suggest vouchers from Illinois stem from cultivated plants. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera macrocarpa ssp. oklahomensis | Oklahoma Sundrops | In rocky or clayey areas. | S. Kansas through Oklahoma to nc. Texas. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera mckelveyae | McKelvey's Evening-primrose | Sandy areas. | Se. and s. Texas south into ne. Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera mexicana | Mexican Evening-primrose | Open, sandy areas. | E., se., and s. Texas. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera mollissima | ||||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera nutans | Nodding Evening-primrose | Roadsides, openings, forest edges, pastures. | Maine west to Michigan, south to n. Florida, s. Alabama, and s. Missouri. |  (c) ass, the swamp - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera nuttallii | Nuttall's Evening-primrose | Disturbed areas. | Ontario west to Alberta, south to Minnesota, Kansas, Colorado, and Utah, and introduced eastwards in c. Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. |  (c) Foster, Rob - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera oakesiana | Oakes's Evening-primrose | Sandy dunes and sandplains, river-scours, disturbed areas, roadsides. | Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to e. North Carolina (?), Virginia, Pennsylvania, n. Indiana, n. Illinois, and s. Minnesota. |  (c) Semmling, Bonnie - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera pallida ssp. latifolia | Pale Evening-primrose | Sandy or rocky areas. | South Dakota and Montana south to sc. Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Utah. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera parviflora | Small-flowered Evening-primrose, Northern Evening-primrose | Fields, disturbed areas. | Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. Reported for Georgia (GANHP). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera patriciae | Plains Gaura | Sandy open areas. | Oklahoma south through w. Louisiana, e. Texas, and c. Texas; historically eastwards in Mississippi, perhaps only as a waif. |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera perennis | Little Sundrops | Bogs, sphagnous seeps, moist fields. | Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, Kentucky, and Missouri. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera pilosella | Midwestern Evening-primrose | Fens, marshes, swamps, moist fields, disturbed areas. | New Hampshire west to Ontario, south to s. Virginia, Kentucky, n. Alabama, c. Mississippi, and c. Louisiana; widely cultivated, many occurrences eastward and southward likely represent introductions. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera rhombipetala | Longspike Evening-primrose, Sand Evening-primrose | Riverbanks, prairies, disturbed areas. | Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota south to w. Louisiana, Texas, and se. New Mexico. |  © Bruce Sorrie |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera riparia | Riverbank Evening-primrose | Freshwater tidal marshes and freshwater tidal swamp forests, non-tidal swamps, along channel margins, and especially on rises, stumps, fallen logs, and cypress knees. | Se. Virginia south to se. North Carolina and e. South Carolina. Present in the freshwater tidal portions of the Waccamaw, Northeast Cape Fear, Black, Greater Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Scuppernong, and Alligator rivers. Gramling et al. (2018) discussed the species' occurrence along the Edisto River (Charleston and Colleton counties, South Carolina). |  (c) Lacroix-Carignan, Étienne - CC0 |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera rosea | Rose Evening-primrose | Along creeks and rivers, disturbed areas. | Texas south to Mexico and Central America; West Indies. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera serrulata | Plains Sundrops | Riverbanks, prairies. | Ontario west to Alberta, south to w. Kentucky (Jones 2005), w. Arkansas, s. Texas, s. New Mexico, and s. Arizona. |  (c) Bostian, Kelly - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera sessilis | Prairie Sundrops | Marshy areas. | Arkansas south to w. Louisiana and se. Texas. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera simulans | Southeastern Gaura, Southern Bee-blossom | Longleaf pine sandhills, other open woodlands, sandy fields, roadsides, primarily in the outer Coastal Plain. | E. North Carolina (Dare County) south to s. Florida, west to Mississippi; Bahamas. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera sinuosa | Wavyleaf Gaura | Sandy fields, disturbed areas, and clearings. | Arkansas and Oklahoma south to s. Texas and n. Mexico (Baja California, Tamaulipas), introduced eastward to South Carolina and Florida. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera spachiana | Spach's Evening-primrose | Prairies, open woodlands, sandy areas. | Sw. Arkansas and Oklahoma south to w. Louisiana and e. Texas; disjunct eastwards in Mississippi and Alabama. |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera species 1 [australis] | Dunes, other dry sandy areas near the coast. | Along the Texas coast, south to Tamaulipas. | ||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera species 2 | Sharp's Sundrops | Oak savannas and prairies of the Eastern Highland Rim. | Known from the Eastern Highland Rim of Tennessee. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera speciosa | Showy Evening-primrose, Pink-ladies, 'Buttercup' | Grasslands, prairies, glades, roadsides and fields, also cultivated as an ornamental. | The original distribution obscured by subsequent cultivation and spread, but apparently something like Iowa and Nebraska south to Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Morelos, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas). |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera suffrutescens | Scarlet Gaura | Sandy or rocky prairies. | Ontario and British Columbia south to Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and to se. Mexico. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera suffulta | Kisses | Prairies, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Oklahoma south to s. Texas. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera tetragona | Northern Sundrops | Moist to wet meadows, woodlands, stream margins, river-scours, rocky shoals. | Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Michigan, south to e. Virginia and Missouri. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera tetraptera | Fourwing Evening-primrose | Alluvial flats, disturbed areas. | E. and s. Texas southwards into sc. Mexico, Central America, and n. South America. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera triangulata | Prairie Gaura | Sandy open areas. | Sc. Oklahoma south to nc. Texas. | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera triloba | Stemless Evening-primrose | Limestone glades, blackbelt prairies, playas, floodplains; eastwards also in disturbed areas. | Missouri and Kansas south through Arkansas, Oklahoma, and e. New Mexico to ne. Louisiana, Texas, and n. Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas); also scattered east of the Mississippi River in both native and apparently introduced populations. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera tubicula ssp. tubicula | Texas Sundrops | Grasslands over limestone. | Nc. Texas and New Mexico south to sc. and w. Texas and Mexico (Chihuahua?, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas). | |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera unguiculata | Coastal Sundrops | Longleaf pine sandhill seeps, moist to wet loamy savannas, wet maritime grasslands. | Long Island, New York south to through the mid-Atlantic states to e. South Carolina and e. Georgia. |  © Richard LeBlond |
| Onagraceae | Oenothera villaricae | ||||
| Onagraceae | Oenothera villosa ssp. villosa | Hairy Evening-primrose | Prairies, eastwards naturalized in fields, roadsides, other disturbed areas. | Ontario west to Alberta, south to Arkansas and Texas. |  (c) Ebner, Thomas - CC-BY |
| Onagraceae | Onagraceae | Evening-primrose Family | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |