181 results for family: Plantaginaceae. More search options

Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution	Image
Plantaginaceae	Angelonia	Angelonia
Plantaginaceae	Angelonia gardneri	Blue Wings	Disturbed areas, roadsides.	Native of West Indies, Mexico, and Central America.
Plantaginaceae	Antirrhinum	Snapdragon
Plantaginaceae	Antirrhinum majus	Common Snapdragon	Cultivated, rarely persistent or naturalized.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa	Water-hyssop
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa aquatica		Aquatic in pools and exposed on mud.	Native of South America.
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa caroliniana	Blue Water-hyssop, Sweet Water-hyssop, Carolina Water-hyssop, Lemon Bacopa	Wet shores, tidal muds, marshes, disturbed wetland sites.	Se. VA south to s. FL, west to e. TX; disjunct in KY.
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa egensis	Brazilian Water-hyssop	Lakes, ponds, ditches, other disturbed aquatic areas.	Native of South America.
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa innominata	Tropical Water-hyssop	Freshwater and tidal muds, marshes, shallow water.	MD south to s. FL, and in the West Indies and Central America.
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa monnieri	Brahmi, Indian-pennywort, Herb-of-grace, Monnier's Water-hyssop	Freshwater tidal marshes, muddy shores, streams and pools.	E. MD and e. VA south to s. FL, west to c. TX, and in the West Indies and the New World subtropics and tropics; also Old World tropics and subtropics. Reported for s. IN by Bill Thomas (pers.comm., 2022).
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa repens	South American Water-hyssop	Freshwater pools.	Presumably native of the New World tropics. Attributed to se. VA by Pennell (1935); no documentation is known.
Plantaginaceae	Bacopa rotundifolia	Midwestern Water-hyssop	Tidal muds, shallow water of large natural lake, river sandbars, other shallow water and shore situations.	IN and IA west to ND and MT, south to AL and AZ; disjunct in e. MD, e. VA, ne. NC, and e. SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]), where apparently native, though Cronquist (1991) considered introduced. Known in NC only from Lake Mattamuskeet, Hyde County, and "north of Wilmingon); not recently seen.
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche	Water-starwort
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche hermaphroditica	Autumn Water-starwort	Lakes, ponds, ditches.	Greenland, NL, and AK south to CT, NY, IL, KS, NM, AZ, and CA; Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche heterophylla var. heterophylla	Common Water-starwort	Pools, slow-moving streams, ditches.	Greenland west to AK, south to c. peninsular FL, TX, CA, and Mexico.
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche palustris	Swamp Water-starwort	Ponds, lakes, stagnant streams, wet soil.	Circumboreal, in North America south to VA, WV, IL, TX, and CA; South America.
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche pedunculosa	Nuttall's Water-starwort	Low fields, pond shores.	NC, c. TN, and OK south to c. peninsular FL, AL, and TX.
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche peploides		Low fields, ditches.	SC south to s. FL, west to TX; disjunct inland in AR (the report for Polk Co., TN erroneous); e. Mexico south to Costa Rica.
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche stagnalis	Pond Water-starwort	Ponds, stagnant water, wet soil.	Native of Europe, or possibly also native in some areas. See Philbrick, Aakjar, & Stuckey (1998) for additional discussion of the spread of this species in North America.
Plantaginaceae	Callitriche terrestris	Terrestrial Water-starwort	Clay-pan areas, streambanks, ditches, low fields, wet paths.	MA to KS, south to GA, TX, and Mexico.
Plantaginaceae	Chaenorhinum	Dwarf Snapdragon, Lesser Toadflax
Plantaginaceae	Chaenorhinum minus ssp. minus	Dwarf Snapdragon, Small Toadflax, Lesser Toadflax	Road shoulders, railroad embankments, other disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Chelone	Turtlehead
Plantaginaceae	Chelone cuthbertii	Cuthbert’s Turtlehead	Bogs, sphagnous swamps, seeps.	This species has a curious, disjunct distribution: Mountains and rarely upper Piedmont of w. NC and n. GA, and Coastal Plain of se. VA and e. NC.
Plantaginaceae	Chelone erwiniae	Mountain Purple Turtlehead, Erwin’s Turtlehead	Bogs, streambanks, swamp forests.	Southern Blue Ridge from w. VA south to sw. NC, e. TN, nw. SC, and ne. GA (mapping somewhat provisional).
Plantaginaceae	Chelone glabra	White Turtlehead	Streambanks, seeps, swamp forests.	NL (Newfoundland) and MN south to GA and AL.
Plantaginaceae	Chelone lyonii	Appalachian Turtlehead	Cove forests, spruce-fir forests, balds, streambanks.	W. NC and e. TN south to nw. SC, nw. GA (Zomlefer et al. 2018), and ne. AL. Scattered localities away from the Southern Appalachians are the result of horticultural use.
Plantaginaceae	Chelone obliqua	Purple Turtlehead	Streambanks, swamp forests, ecotones of freshwater tidal marshes.	MD and TN south to GA and MS.
Plantaginaceae	Chelone speciosa	Midwestern Purple Turtlehead, Rose Turtlehead	Streambanks, swamp forests.	MI and IA south to c. KY, sw. KY, and ne. AR.
Plantaginaceae	Collinsia	Blue-eyed Mary
Plantaginaceae	Collinsia parviflora	Small-flowered Blue-eyed Mary, Blue-lips	Waif in disturbed area.	Native of w. North America.
Plantaginaceae	Collinsia verna	Eastern Blue-eyed-Mary	Nutrient-rich, moist bottomlands and forested slopes.	NY west to s. WI, south to w. VA, WV, nc. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), KY, and AR.
Plantaginaceae	Collinsia violacea	Ozark Blue-eyed-Mary, Violet Collinsia	Glades, prairies, bluffs.	IL and se. KS south through se. MO, e. AR to ec. LA and ne. TX.
Plantaginaceae	Cymbalaria	Kenilworth-ivy
Plantaginaceae	Cymbalaria muralis	Kenilworth-ivy, Ivy-leaf Toadflax	Naturalized on walls and rock outcrops near plantings, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for NC (Henderson County) by Pittillo & Brown (1988) as "derived from potted plants that have become established beneath the overhang of a porch for over a decade," and reported again more recently as spreading from plantings in Alleghany County, NC (Poindexter 2006) and Buncombe County, NC (C.A. McCormick, pers.comm., 2009). Reported by Pennell (1935) as being "in herbaria" from DC, KY, MD, SC, TN, WV, and other states beyond our area.
Plantaginaceae	Digitalis	Foxglove
Plantaginaceae	Digitalis grandiflora	Yellow Foxglove	Disturbed floodplain.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for Alleghany County, NC (Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow 2011).
Plantaginaceae	Digitalis lanata	Grecian Foxglove, Hairy Foxglove	Naturalized along roadsides and in disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe. Reported for South Carolina by Hill & Horn (1997).
Plantaginaceae	Digitalis lutea	Straw Foxglove	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Naturalized south to MD (?), PA, and OH
Plantaginaceae	Digitalis purpurea	Digitalis, Common Foxglove, Purple Foxglove, Lady’s-glove	Disturbed areas, bog margins.	Native of Europe. Introduced and established at scattered locations in ne. North America, as far south as PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993).
Plantaginaceae	Dopatrium
Plantaginaceae	Dopatrium junceum	Horsefly's-eye	Rice fields, ditches.	Native of Paleotropics.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola	Hedge-hyssop
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola amphiantha	Pool-sprite, Snorkelwort	Vernal pools on granitic flatrocks.	Endemic to granitic flatrocks of ec. AL, nc. GA (17 counties), and sc. SC.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola brevifolia	Sticky Hedge-hyssop	Floodplain forests, cypress swamps, other wet places.	E. GA, south and west to c. peninsular FL, e. Panhandle FL, and se. AL; c. AR and se. OK; se. LA and e. TX; c. TN; s. DE (Knapp & Estes 2006). Previous reports from SC are based on misidentifications (Knapp & Estes 2006).
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola floridana	Florida Hedge-hyssop	Stream banks, spring runs, blackwater swamps.	Ne. GA, se. TN (in counties adjacent to NC) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), and e. KY (?), south to e. GA (in counties adjacent to SC) (Jones & Coile 1988), ne. FL, Panhandle FL, AL, and MS.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola graniticola	Granite-loving Hedge-hyssop	Seasonal pools and seepage runs on granitic flatrocks.	Endemic to granitic flatrocks of GA and SC (Estes & Small 2007, 2008; Brunton 2009).
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola lutea	Yellow Hedge-hyssop, Golden-pert	Blackwater river banks, pondcypress savannas in Carolina bays, other acidic wetlands.	NL (Newfoundland) and QC south in the Coastal Plain to Panhandle FL; disjunct around the Great Lakes and inland in NY, ON, IL, and ND.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola neglecta	Mud-hyssop, Clammy Hedge-hyssop	Ditches, wet areas, bottomlands, wet cropped fields, brackish marshes.	QC and ME west to BC, south to c. GA, e. TX, AZ, and CA.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola quartermaniae	Limestone Hedge-hyssop, Quarterman’s Hedge-hyssop	Pools in limestone glades, wet ditches.	C. TN south to n. AL; nc. and c. TX (prairies and Edwards Plateau); s. ON; ne. IL.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola ramosa	Branched Hedge-hyssop	Pondcypress savannas, wet pine savannas, pineland ponds and Carolina bays, marshes, pond margins, ditches.	Se. NC south to s. FL, west to sw. LA; disjunct in se. VA (Greensville County) and (at least historically) in e. MD.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola species 1	Ouachita Hedge-hyssop	River-scour outcrops and prairies.	Endemic to the Ouachita Mountains of sw. AR and se. OK.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola torreyi	Yellow Hedge-hyssop	Saline prairies, opening in post oak woodlands, seasonally wet meadows.	W. LA west to s. TX.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola virginiana	Virginia Hedge-hyssop, Round-fruit Hedge-hyssop	Sluggish streams, bogs, swamps, tidal swamps, wet areas.	NJ west to OH and IA and KS, south to c. peninsular FL and e. TX.
Plantaginaceae	Gratiola viscidula	Viscid Hedge-hyssop, Short’s Hedge-hyssop	Bogs, marshes, beaver ponds, wet areas, ditches, margins of Coastal Plain ponds.	DE, MD and e. VA, south to c. SC and ne. GA; disjunct in s. OH, WV, e. TN, MO, and ne. FL
Plantaginaceae	Kickxia	Fluellen, Cancerwort
Plantaginaceae	Kickxia elatine	Sharp-leaved Fluellen, Male Fluellen	Gravel bars, road shoulders, railroad embankments, other disturbed areas, especially in sandy soils.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and w. Asia.
Plantaginaceae	Kickxia spuria	Round-leaved Fluellen, Female Fluellen	Ballast near old ports (Wilmington, NC; Pensacola, FL; Mobile, AL; etc.), streambanks, other disturbed sites, perhaps only a waif.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and w. Asia.
Plantaginaceae	Leucospora	Leucospora
Plantaginaceae	Leucospora multifida	Leucospora, Narrowleaf Paleseed	Moist to wet, sandy margins of artificial ponds, drawdown areas on riverbanks, streambanks, drawdown depressional wetlands, other seasonally ponded disturbed areas, probably introduced in some of our area from c. United States.	S. ON west to IA and KS, south to nw. GA, AL, LA, and e. TX; scattered occurrences farther east (as in e. NC, FL, KY, TN, VA, and se. PA) may be recent introductions. Reported for e. SC (E. Ungberg, pers.comm., 2024).
Plantaginaceae	Limnophila	Marshweed
Plantaginaceae	Limnophila aromatica		Aquatic or semi-aquatic in seasonally to permanently flooded ditches and other wetlands.	Native of tropical and subtropical se. Asia and n. and ne. Australia. Introduced in peninsular FL (Hillsborough and Volusia counties).
Plantaginaceae	Limnophila indica	Indian Marshweed	Ponds, lakes, ditches.	Native of Old World tropics.
Plantaginaceae	Limnophila sessiliflora	Asian Marshweed	Ponds, ditches, lakes.	Native of Old World tropics. Reported as introduced in sw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988).
Plantaginaceae	Linaria	Yellow-toadflax
Plantaginaceae	Linaria bipartita	Clovenlip Toadflax	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of n. Africa.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria canadensis	Common Toadflax	In a wide variety of natural and disturbed habitats, especially common and weedy in disturbed sites such as roadsides and fields, also common and apparently native in thin soil of rock outcrops.	NS west to ND, south to s. FL and TX; also adventive on the west coast, from WA to CA.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica	Dalmatian Toadflax	Roadsides and other disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria floridana	Florida Toadflax	Sandhills, scrub, dunes, other dry, sandy places.	E. GA south to s. FL and west to s. MS.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria genistifolia	Broom-leaved Toadflax	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe. The record of this in se. PA may be only based on a specimen of Linaria dalmatica.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria maroccana	Moroccan Toadflax	Disturbed areas.	Native of n. Africa. This species is being included in "wildflower mixes", and should be expected to be encountered as a waif at other locations through our region. Introduced in VA (perhaps just a waif) and WV. Reported as adventive in Alleghany County, NC (Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow 2011).
Plantaginaceae	Linaria purpurea	Purple Toadflax	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria repens	Striped Toadflax	Roadsides, ballast, other disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria supina ssp. supina	Prostrate Toadflax, Lesser Butter-and-Eggs	Disturbed areas, waif from horticultural use.	Native to sw. Mediterranean Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria texana	Texas Toadflax	Granite flatrocks, grassy pinelands, dry sandy soils, disturbed soils of roadsides and fields.	Native of sc. United States, the eastern extent of the original range unclear.
Plantaginaceae	Linaria vulgaris	Butter-and-Eggs, Yellow Toadflax, Wild-Snapdragon	Fields, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Reported for Coastal Plain of GA (Taylor County) by Carter, Baker, & Morris (2009).
Plantaginaceae	Maurandella
Plantaginaceae	Maurandella antirrhiniflora	Snapdragon-vine, Roving Sailor	Coastal dunes, beaches, saline marsh edges, dry prairies over limestone; eastwards (FL) in disturbed, sandy and rocky areas.	Se., c., and s. TX, NM, AZ, and s. CA south to s. Mexico.
Plantaginaceae	Maurandya
Plantaginaceae	Maurandya barclayana	Mexican-viper
Plantaginaceae	Mecardonia	Mecardonia, Axil-flower
Plantaginaceae	Mecardonia acuminata var. acuminata	Mecardonia, Common Axil-flower	Marshes, ditches, wet pine savannas, bottomland forests, wet disturbed areas.	DE and MD south to n. peninsular FL, west to e. TX, north in the interior to KY, TN, and MO.
Plantaginaceae	Mecardonia acuminata var. microphylla	Pond Axil-flower	Margins of Coastal Plain ponds, wet pine savannas.	Sc. GA south to Panhandle FL and west to e. LA; also reported for SC and NC (Ahedor 2019b).
Plantaginaceae	Mecardonia acuminata var. peninsularis	Florida Axil-flower	Bogs, wet pine savannas, marshes, pond margins.	N. FL peninsula (Levy, Marion, and Volusia counties) south to s. FL.
Plantaginaceae	Mecardonia procumbens	Baby Jump-up	Ponds, streams, ditches, moist shores.	FL, AL, MS, AR, TX, NM, and AZ south. Reported for MS (Philley 2020). Discovered in GA (Camden County; Carter & Mears [2024]).
Plantaginaceae	Misopates	Weasel's-snout
Plantaginaceae	Misopates orontium	Weasel's-snout, Lesser Snapdragon	Disturbed sites, cultivated, persistent or possibly naturalized.	Native of Eurasia. Introduced at least far south as se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), KY (Pennell 1935), and FL Panhandle (Hansen & Wunderlin 2008).
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon	Beardtongue, Penstemon
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon albidus	White Beardtongue	Prairies.	ON to AB south to KS, OK, TX, and NM. Nelson & Stanford (2023) cast doubt on whether P. albidus occurs in our region.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon alluviorum	Lowland Beardtongue	Bottomland forests and fields.	S. OH, s. IN, s. IL, and e. MO south to TN, AL, MS, and ne. AR.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon arkansanus	Arkansas Beardtongue	Glades, woodlands.	S. IL, s. MO, and n. OK south to s. AR and s. OK.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon australis	Southern Beardtongue, Sandhill Beardtongue	Longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, dry hammocks, dry sandy roadsides, woodland margins.	Se. VA south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. and wc. AL, primarily on the Coastal Plain, but not uncommon westward into the Piedmont and lower Mountains, and extending in the interior into c. TN.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon brevisepalus	Short-sepaled Beardtongue	Dry, rocky woodlands and woodland edges.	Endemic to the sedimentary rock provinces of WV, sw. VA, KY, and TN.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon buckleyi	Buckley's Beardtongue	Sandy prairies, inland sand dunes.	NE and e. CO south to c. TX and e. NM.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon calycosus	Long-sepal Beardtongue	Limestone ledges, other woodlands.	OH, s. MI, IL, and se. MO (Freeman & Morse 2019) south to w. VA, GA, and AL.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon canescens	Appalachian Beardtongue	Woodlands, glades, forest edges, rocky woodlands, roadsides.	PA and s. IN south to nc. GA, n. AL, and c. TN.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon cobaea var. cobaea	Showy Beardtongue, Large Beardtongue, Cobaea Penstemon	Limestone prairies and woodlands, sandy woodlands.	IA and NE south to AR and TX.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon cobaea var. purpureus	Ozark Cobaea Beardtongue	Limestone and dolomite glades, calcareous prairies.	Endemic to the Ozarks and AR-OK Coastal Plain.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon deamii	Deam’s Beardtongue	Woodland edges.	Endemic to s. IN (and s. IL?), just across the Ohio River from KY.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon digitalis	Tall White Beardtongue, Smooth Beardtongue	Alluvial forests, moist fields, disturbed areas, ditches.	NS and ME west to MN and SD, south to e. VA, w. SC, AL, and TX. The original distribution is somewhat uncertain.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon dissectus	Georgia Beardtongue, Grit Beardtongue	Altamaha Grit outcrops, sandhills.	Endemic to Altamaha Grit outcrops and other sandy areas from e. GA south and west to sw. GA
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon fendleri	Fendler's Penstemon	Rocky or sandy areas.	W. OK, sw. KS, s. CO south through nc. TX, NM, and AZ to Mexico (CHH, COA).
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon grandiflorus	Large Beardtongue	Prairies.	MI, MN, ND, and MT south to nc. TX and NM.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon guadalupensis	Guadalupe Penstemon	Prairies.	Endemic to TX.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon hirsutus	Northeastern Beardtongue	Dry woodlands, forests, and fields.	QC and ME west to MI and WI, south to n. VA and KY.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon kralii	Kral’s Beardtongue	Dry, calcareous juniper-oak-hickory woodlands.	Endemic to the sw. Cumberland Escarpment of ne. AL and se. Tennessee (Blount, Madison, Morgan, and Jackson counties, AL, and Franklin County, TN.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon laevigatus	Eastern Smooth Beardtongue	Low meadows, bottomlands, forest edges, hammocks.	ME west to MI, south to s. GA, Panhandle FL, MS, and AR.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon laxiflorus	Nodding Beardtongue	Dry sandy areas in woodlands and openings.	C. GA, FL Panhandle, and n. AL west to c. OK and c. TX.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon multiflorus		Longleaf pine sandhills, dry pine flatwoods, pine rocklands.	S. and e. GA and s. AL south to s. FL.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon murrayanus	Scarlet Beardtongue, Cupleaf Beardtongue	Longleaf pine woodlands, other dry woodlands and openings.	S. AR and se. OK south to c. LA and e. TX.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon oklahomensis	Oklahoma Beardtongue	Tallgrass prairies.	Endemic to OK and n. TX (Lamar County).
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon pallidus	Eastern White Beardtongue	Limestone and shale barrens, other dry, disturbed areas.	ME west to MN, south to NC, GA, and AR.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon smallii	Blue Ridge Beardtongue	Woodlands, cliffs, glades, roadbanks.	A Southern Appalachian endemic, distributed from nw. NC and ne. TN south to nw. SC, n. GA, and n. AL.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon tenuiflorus	Plateau Beardtongue, Limestone Beardtongue, Kentucky Beardtongue	Dry woodlands, glades, prairies, barrens, cliffs, especially over limestone or other calcareous rocks.	Endemic to the Interior Low Plateau of wc. KY, c. TN, n. AL, s. IN (S. Namestnik, pers.comm. 2024), extending slightly into the Coastal Plain to the west, and disjunct in the Black Belt of AL and MS.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon tenuis	Gulf Coast Beardtongue	Bottomlands.	MS and AR south to LA and e. TX.
Plantaginaceae	Penstemon tubaeflorus	Trumpet Beardtongue	Prairies, glades, forest openings, fens, disturbed areas.	Sw. OH, IN, WI, IA, and NE south to w. TN, MS, LA, and e. TX; also known from adventive sites farther east, as in e. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993).
Plantaginaceae	Plantaginaceae	Plantain Family
Plantaginaceae	Plantago	Plantain
Plantaginaceae	Plantago aristata	Buckhorn Plantain, Largebracted Plantain	Sandy and other barren soils, disturbed areas, especially dry, barren, exposed soil, such as clay soils denuded by bulldozing.	The original distribution obscure; perhaps from OH west to NE, south to Panhandle FL and TX.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago cordata	King-root, Heartleaf Plantain	Aquatic or semi-aquatic in streambeds with outcrops of slate, limestone, or calcareous clay, and aquatic in tidal estuaries.	NY and s. ON west to WI, south to w. VA, c. NC, nw. GA, AL, sc. TN, and MO, very scattered and rare in every state in which it occurs, except MO. P. cordata is not known to be extant in VA, where it formerly occurred in the estuary of the Potomac River and in Smyth County in sw. VA. In NC, P. cordata is apparently limited to two slate-bottomed streams in s. Davidson County.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago coronopus	Buckhorn Plantain	Disturbed areas, especially on ballast at old ports, and probably only a waif.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago elongata	Prairie Plantain	Prairies, moist or dry, sandy soil, especially over rock.	MN west to BC, south to TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago floccosa	Floccose Plantain	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mexico. In Escambia County, FL.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago helleri	Cedar Plantain, Heller's Plantain	Limestone outcrops.	Nc. and c. TX west to NM, south to Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE).
Plantaginaceae	Plantago heterophylla	Slender Plantain, Many-seeded Plantain, Small Plantain	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Se. VA and MO south to Panhandle FL and TX; adventive at scattered sites farther north (at least as far north as NY).
Plantaginaceae	Plantago hookeriana	Tallow-weed	Sandy, gravelly, or rocky areas, dunes, clay flats; eastwards adventive in disturbed areas.	Native of sc. North America: e., c. and w. TX south to n. Mexico (CHI, COA, TAM, NLE), scattered eastwards as a waif.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago indica	Indian Plantain, Leafy-stemmed Plantain, Sand Plantain, Psyllium, Flaxseed Plantain	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago lanceolata	English Plantain, Rib-grass, Narrowleaf Plantain	Lawns, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago major	Common Plantain, White-Man's-Foot	Lawns, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe, possibly also native in ne. North America, possibly as far south as the northern part of our area.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago maritima var. juncoides	Seaside Plantain, Goose-tongue	Salt marshes.	Var. juncoides apparently ranges from Greenland and ne. Canada south to e. VA. Reports of the species in MD are false.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago media	Hoary Plantain	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago patagonica	Woolly Plantain	Sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils, prairies; eastwards on roadsides and in disturbed areas.	ON and BC south to w. AR, TX, NM, AZ, CA, Mexico.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago pusilla	Little Plantain	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	IN, IL, MN, MB, SK, AB, BC south to Panhandle FL, TX, and CA. Belden et al. (2004) discuss the Virginia occurrence, on Fort Pickett Military Reservation, Nottoway County.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago rhodosperma	Redseed Plantain	Riverbanks, forest openings, disturbed areas.	MO, NE, NM, AZ, and s. CA south to w. LA, TX, and Mexico. Reported as ranging east to KY, TN, and GA (Kartesz 2021), probably as adventive from farther west; reports for GA and TN need additional confirmation.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago rugelii	American Plantain, Broad-leaved Plantain, Blackseed Plantain, Rugel’s Plantain	Roadsides, lawns, disturbed areas.	NB to ND, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago sparsiflora	Pineland Plantain	Wet pine savannas over calcareous substrates (coquina limestone), now usually found in moister human-created microhabitats adjacent to these sites, such as fire-plow lines, shallow ditches along roadsides, or mowed powerline rights-of-way.	Se. NC south to ne. FL, restricted to the Coastal Plain (reports of this species for VA are in error).
Plantaginaceae	Plantago uliginosa	Many-seeded Plantain	Salt marshes, estuarine shores.	NJ northwards. A report (as P. major var. intermedia) for Asssateague Island, VA (Accomack County) in Tatnall (1946) is plausible, but the cited specimen has not been relocated.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago virginica	Virginia Plantain, Hoary Plantain	Saline marshes, thin soils over rock, roadsides, lawns, disturbed areas.	MA and NY west to SD, south to s. FL and TX.
Plantaginaceae	Plantago wrightiana	Wright's Plantain	Sandy, rocky, or gravelly prairies and open woodlands; eastwards in on roadsides, lawns, disturbed areas.	Apparently native of sc. and sw. United States and n. Mexico, but the original distribution somewhat obscure. Now extending east to VA, NC, SC, GA, and FL.
Plantaginaceae	Russelia
Plantaginaceae	Russelia equisetiformis	Fountainbush, Firecracker Plant, Coral Plant	Disturbed areas, persistent from cultivation.	Native of Mexico.
Plantaginaceae	Scoparia	Goat-weed, Sweet-broom
Plantaginaceae	Scoparia dulcis	Goat-weed, Sweet-broom, Licorice-weed	Marshes, wet hammocks, flatwoods, river sandbars, roadsides, disturbed places, rather weedy and the original distribution unclear.	S. SC south to s. FL, west to e. and s. TX, south to South America.
Plantaginaceae	Scoparia montevidensis var. glandulifera	Broomwort	Roadsides and disturbed areas (in FL), elsewhere a waif on ballast.	Native of South America.
Plantaginaceae	Sophronanthe
Plantaginaceae	Sophronanthe hispida	Pineland Hedge-hyssop	Dry-mesic pine savannas, scrubby pine savannas, longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, grasslands, dunes.	E. GA (within a few counties of SC) south to s. FL, and west to MS.
Plantaginaceae	Sophronanthe pilosa	Shaggy Hedge-hyssop	Marshes, wet areas, wet pine savannas.	NJ south to s. FL, west to e. TX, northward in the interior to KY, TN, AR, and e. OK.
Plantaginaceae	Stemodia	Twintips
Plantaginaceae	Stemodia durantifolia	Purple Stemodia, White-woolly Twintip	Ditches.	Native of the Neotropics. The AL occurrence was discovered by Howard Horne (pers. comm., June 2018).
Plantaginaceae	Stemodia lanata	Woolly Twintip	Dry, sandy soils.	S. TX south into Mexico (TAM, VER).
Plantaginaceae	Stemodia schottii		Open thickets, fields.	S. TX and n. Mexico.
Plantaginaceae	Synthyris	Kittentails
Plantaginaceae	Synthyris bullii	Kittentails, Coraldrops, Bull's Kittentails	Prairies and barrens.	Sw. OH, se. MI, n. and w. IN, c. and n. IL, sw. and w. WI, se. MN, and n. and e. IA.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica	Speedwell
Plantaginaceae	Veronica agrestis	Field Speedwell	Lawns and disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica americana	American Speedwell, Brooklime	Bogs, marshes, streamsides.	NL (Newfoundland) west to AK, south to NC, TN, n. AL, MO, TX, and CA; ne. Asia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica anagallis-aquatica	Water Speedwell	Bogs, marshes, streamsides, ditches.	Circumboreal, south in North America to c. peninsular FL, TX, and CA; some occurrences probably represent introductions of European material. Some authors interpret V. anagallis-aquatica as being strictly non-native in North America.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica arvensis	Corn Speedwell, Wall Speedwell	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica beccabunga	European Brooklime	Wet places.	Native of Europe. Naturalized south to MD, WV, and perhaps VA.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica catenata	Chain Speedwell	Streams and wetlands.	Circumboreal, the southern limits obscure because of taxonomic confusion, misidentifications, and misattributions.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica chamaedrys ssp. chamaedrys	Germander Speedwell	Roadsides, golf courses, lawns, rarely naturalized in forests.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica cymbalaria	Pale Speedwell	Lawns.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica dillenii	Dillenius’s Speedwell	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica filiformis	Creeping Speedwell	Lawns, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. In WV, MD, and scattered in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993).
Plantaginaceae	Veronica hederifolia	Ivyleaf Speedwell	Lawns, fields, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica longifolia	Garden Speedwell, Longleaf Speedwell	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. In WV, scattered in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), KY, and in MD (F).
Plantaginaceae	Veronica officinalis	Common Speedwell, Gypsyweed, Heath Speedwell	Fields and forests; often interpreted as being of mixed native and alien background in North America.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica peregrina var. peregrina	Common Purslane Speedwell, Necklace-weed	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	NS and ND south to FL and TX; AK south to OR (perhaps only as an introduction?); South America.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis	Western Purslane Speedwell	Fields, lawns, disturbed places; in the eastern part of our area probably introduced on ballast.	QC and AK south to MA, KY, TX, and south to Guatemala.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica persica	Bird's-eye Speedwell	Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica polita	Wayside Speedwell	Lawns, waste areas.	Native of Eurasia. This species is introduced in c. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997), WV, and s. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), FL (Pennell 1935; Kunzer et al. 2009), NC (Kartesz 1999), VA (Kartesz 1999), and AL (H. Horne, pers. comm., 2013), and w. NC (D. Mercier, pers. comm., specimen at BOON, 2008).
Plantaginaceae	Veronica scutellata	Narrowleaf Speedwell	Marshes, swamps.	Circumboreal, south in North America to w. VA, NC?, TN, and CA. In ne. TN (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997).
Plantaginaceae	Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa		Damp places.	Circumboreal, south in North America to NY (including Long Island), n. MI, WI, MN, NM, AZ, and CA. Kartesz (2022) has as south to NY, including Long Island. May range south to MD, fide Pennell (1935) and Kartesz (1999).
Plantaginaceae	Veronica serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia	Thymeleaf Speedwell	Meadows, lawns, roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica sublobata	Small Ivyleaf Speedwell	Lawns, fields, other disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica teucrium	Broad-leaved Speedwell	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Naturalized at scattered locations in PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993) and MD (Kartesz 1999).
Plantaginaceae	Veronica triloba	Trilobed Speedwell	Disturbed areas.	Native of e. Europe and w. Asia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica triphyllos	Fingered Speedwell	Cultivated fields.	Native of Eurasia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronica undulata	Wavyleaf Water Speedwell	Disturbed wet places, ballast.	Native of Asia.
Plantaginaceae	Veronicastrum	Culver's-root
Plantaginaceae	Veronicastrum virginicum	Culver's-root, Culver's-physic	Streambanks, bogs, wet meadows, moist prairies, dryish soils in areas with prairie affinities, woodlands on high pH soils.	VT west to MB, south to nc. and nw. GA, w. FL Panhandle (Escambia County), and LA.