350 results for Family: Poaceae. More search options

Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat	Distribution	Image
Poaceae	Aegilops	Goatgrass
Poaceae	Aegilops cylindrica	Jointed Goatgrass	Fields, pastures, roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Aegilops neglecta	Small Goatgrass, Three-awned Goatgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia. Reported from Arlington County, VA.
Poaceae	Aegilops triuncialis	Barbed Goatgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe east to w. and c. Asia. Known from MD.
Poaceae	Agropyron	Crested Wheatgrass
Poaceae	Agropyron cristatum	Crested Wheatgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Agrostis	Bentgrass
Poaceae	Agrostis altissima	Coastal Bog Bentgrass	Wet pine savannas, sinkhole ponds, edges of swamp forests.	MA (?) and NJ south to se. LA, primarily on the Coastal Plain.
Poaceae	Agrostis canina	Brown Bentgrass, Velvet Bentgrass	Roadsides, disturbed open areas, lawns.	Native of Eurasia. Naturalized in North America to DE, se. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), WV, and TN (Kartesz 1999).
Poaceae	Agrostis capillaris	Rhode Island Bentgrass, Colonial Bentgrass, Browntop	Meadows, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia (and possibly n. North America).
Poaceae	Agrostis elliottiana	Elliott's Bentgrass, Southern Bentgrass	Dry soils of barrens, fields, and rock outcrops.	MD west to s. OH, and e. KS, south to Panhandle FL (Gadsden County) and c. TX; with scattered reports westwards to CA.
Poaceae	Agrostis exarata	Spike Bentgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of w. North America, a waif in e. North America. Reported for very widely scattered sites in e. North America, including Leslie County, KY (Kartesz 2010, 2022).
Poaceae	Agrostis gigantea	Redtop, Black Bentgrass	Fields, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Agrostis hyemalis	Ticklegrass, Small Bentgrass, Hairgrass	Moist to dry fields, meadows, and roadsides, sometimes also in barrens or thin soils over outcrops.	ME west to WI and SD, south to FL, TX, nd Mexico.
Poaceae	Agrostis mertensii	Arctic Bentgrass	In thin soil of high elevation rocky summits; also in riverside flood scour areas at much lower elevations.	In North America south to ME (Mt. Katahdin), NH (White Mountains), VT, NY (Adirondack Mountains), WV (Spruce Knob), TN (Roan Mountain, Abrams Creek), NC (Roan Mountain, Big Yellow Mountain, Black Mountains), QC, BC, CO, UT (?), and AK; n. Europe.
Poaceae	Agrostis perennans	Upland Bent, Autumn Bentgrass	Mesic to dry forests, woodlands, barrens, clearings, disturbed areas, and also in a variety of wetlands such as bogs, fens, seepage swamps, and depressions.	NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to n. FL and TX; c. Mexico south to c. South America.
Poaceae	Agrostis scabra	Fly-away Grass, Rough Bentgrass	Bogs, fens, seeps, meadows, old fields, other open habitats.	Throughout North America, though mainly in cooler climates (ne. and w. United States, Canada), south to s. Mexico; ne. Asia.
Poaceae	Agrostis stolonifera	Creeping Bentgrass	Disturbed areas, wet, moist, or dry.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Aira	Hair Grass
Poaceae	Aira caryophyllea	Silver Hair Grass	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Aira elegans	Elegant Hair Grass, Annual Silver Hairgrass	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Reported for Calloway County, KY (Abbott & Thompson 2019).
Poaceae	Aira praecox	Early Hair Grass, Spike Hairgrass	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Reported for NC by Burk (1961), and collected in the NC Sandhills (B. Sorrie, pers.comm. 2004).
Poaceae	Allolepis
Poaceae	Allolepis texana	Allolepis, False Saltgrass	Prairies.	C. and w. TX south to ne. Mexico.
Poaceae	Alloteropsis
Poaceae	Alloteropsis cimicina	Bugseed Grass	Lakeshores, roadsides, gardens, other disturbed areas.	Native of se. Asia (or more generally the Paleotropics). Naturalized in FL Panhandle and ne. FL.
Poaceae	Alopecurus	Foxtail Grass
Poaceae	Alopecurus aequalis var. aequalis	Short-awn Foxtail Grass	Seeps, wet swales, wet meadows, ditches, shores.	Circumboreal, south in North America to NJ, w. VA, IN, MS (J.R. Rigby, pers.comm. 2020), MO, and CA.
Poaceae	Alopecurus arundinaceus	Creeping Meadow Foxtail	Pastures, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for Bell County, KY (Kartesz 2022).
Poaceae	Alopecurus carolinianus	Carolina Foxtail Grass	Moist fields, ditches, forests, bottomlands.	MA west to BC, south to n. FL and CA, the northern parts of the distribution apparently adventive.
Poaceae	Alopecurus creticus		Waif on ballast.	Native of e. Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Alopecurus geniculatus	Water Foxtail Grass	Ditches, wet clearings, other low, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Alopecurus myosuroides	Slender Foxtail Grass	Moist fields, roadsides.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Alopecurus pratensis	Meadow Foxtail	Roadsides, fields.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for Piedmont of nc. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), for scattered locations in PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), and for VA, KY, WV, MD, and DE (Kartesz 1999). Reported for Ashe County, NC (Poindexter & Murrell 2008).
Poaceae	Alopecurus rendlei		A waif on ballast.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Poaceae	Amelichloa
Poaceae	Amelichloa clandestina
Poaceae	Amphibromus
Poaceae	Amphibromus scabrivalvis var. scabrivalvis	Rough Amphibrome	Disturbed areas.	Native of South America. Established in Tangipahoa Parish, LA.
Poaceae	Amphicarpum	Peanut-grass
Poaceae	Amphicarpum amphicarpon	Pinebarrens Peanut-grass	Wet, peaty, open soils, especially peat-burns in pocosin edges, primarily in the outer Coastal Plain, responding strongly to fire.	An Atlantic Coastal Plain endemic, scattered and rather rare, from e. MA to nc. FL.
Poaceae	Amphicarpum muehlenbergianum	Florida Peanut-grass, Blue Maiden-cane	Natural depression ponds, flatwoods ponds, pondcypress savannas in clay-based Carolina bays.	S. FL and s. AL north to se. NC, rare north of s. GA. First found in NC in the late 1980s by M. Boyer.
Poaceae	Anatherum
Poaceae	Anatherum arctatum	Florida Bluestem	Wet pinelands, pineland bogs, rarely moist disturbed ground.	N. FL west to w. Panhandle of FL and adjacent s. AL, south to s. FL. The curious record from Pamlico County, NC (the specimen at GH, collected by Randolph and Randolph in 1922, annotated as A. arctatus by Campbell) is likely a waif.
Poaceae	Anatherum bicorne	West Indian Bluestem, Barbas de Indio	Open, disturbed areas.	Native of the West Indies, Mexico, etc. and probably only a non-native waif in our area (s. FL).
Poaceae	Anatherum brachystachyum	Shortspike Bluestem	Moist to wet pinelands, natural pond margins, bogs, disturbed roadsides.	Se. SC (McMillan et al. 2002) south to FL, south to s. FL, west to e. FL Panhandle. A. brachystachyus has been considered by some to range north to NC.
Poaceae	Anatherum cabanisii	Florida Splitbeard Bluestem	Longleaf pine sandhills, scrubby, mesic, and wet pinelands.	Endemic to s. and c. peninsular FL.
Poaceae	Anatherum campbellii	Deceptive Bluestem	Pine savannas, pine flatwoods, maritime wet grasslands, disturbed pinelands, other wetlands.	Se. VA south to s. FL and west to w. FL; also in the Bahamas (Sorrie & LeBlond (1997).
Poaceae	Anatherum capillipes	Dryland White Bluestem	Dry to mesic pine flatwoods, sandhills, adjacent roadbanks.	Se. NC south to s. FL and west to s. AL.
Poaceae	Anatherum cretaceum	Purple Bluestem, Chalky Bluestem	Wet pine savannas, pine flatwoods, maritime forests, ditches, wet disturbed sites. Often becoming abundant in mesic or wet-mesic flatwood sites that are roller chopped or otherwise mechanically disturbed.	Se. VA south to c. peninsular FL and west to e. TX (Singhurst, Sorrie, & Holmes 2012).
Poaceae	Anatherum cumulicola	Scrub Bluestem	Florida scrub, scrubby flatwoods, longleaf pine sandhills.	Endemic to c. and s. FL peninsula.
Poaceae	Anatherum dealbatum	Wetland White Bluestem	Wet pine savannas, ditches adjacent to those savannas, depressional wetlands.	S. NJ south to s. FL and west to e. TX; also in the Bahamas (Sorrie & LeBlond 1997).
Poaceae	Anatherum floridanum	Florida Bluestem	Florida scrub and scrubby pinelands, longleaf pine sandhills.	S. GA west to FL Panhandle, south to s. FL.
Poaceae	Anatherum glomeratum	Common Bushy Bluestem	Swamps, wet pine savannas, pine flatwoods, bogs, fens, depression ponds, wet disturbed sites.	S. MA south to c. peninsular FL and west to s. MS, primarily on the Coastal Plain, but scattered inland to w. PA, WV, c. KY, c. TN and AR.
Poaceae	Anatherum gyrans	Elliott’s Bluestem	Dry to moist forests, woodlands, longleaf pine sandhills, pine savannas, fields, and disturbed areas.	S. NJ west to s. IN, s. IL, s. MO, south to s. FL and TX.
Poaceae	Anatherum hirsutius	Hairy Bluestem	Wet pine savannas, pine flatwoods, adjacent ditches, other wet disturbed sites.	E. MD south to c. peninsular FL, west to se. LA. Material west of the Mississippi River appears to be of this taxon, but needs additional study.
Poaceae	Anatherum longiberbe	Longbeard Bluestem	Dry sandy soils of sandhills and dunes, calcareous wet pinelands and dry pine rocklands (this may be another new species, under study).	Se. NC south to s. and w. FL; Bahamas.
Poaceae	Anatherum miamiense	Miami Bluestem	Pine rocklands.	Endemic to s. FL.
Poaceae	Anatherum mohrii	Tawny Bluestem, Bog Bluestem	Wet pine savannas, sphagnous bogs.	Se. VA south to n. FL, west to LA.
Poaceae	Anatherum perangustatum	Narrowleaf Bluestem	Wet pinelands, clay-based Carolina bays, other depression wetlands, and boggy wetlands.	E. VA south to c. peninsular FL, west to e. TX.
Poaceae	Anatherum species 2	Haws Run Bluestem	Calcareous wet longleaf pine savanna.	Endemic to se. NC (as far as is known).
Poaceae	Anatherum subtile		Pine flatwoods and savannas, subtropical and often hyperseasonal grasslands.	South GA s. to c. FL, w. to e. LA.
Poaceae	Anatherum tenuispatheum	Maritime Bushy Bluestem	Maritime wet grasslands, brackish marsh edges, calcareous wet grasslands, interdune swales and ponds, seepages in limestone areas, prairies, moist disturbed sites.	Se. VA and c. OK south to s. FL and c. and s. TX, south into Central America; West Indies.
Poaceae	Anatherum ternarium	Splitbeard Bluestem	Longleaf pine sandhills, dry to moist soils of woodlands and openings.	DE and s. NJ west to KY and s. MO, south to FL and TX.
Poaceae	Anatherum tracyi	Tracy's Bluestem	Dry sandy or clayey soils of longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, disturbed sites.	E. NC south to s. FL and west to MS.
Poaceae	Anatherum virginicum var. 1	Smooth Bluestem	Longleaf pine savannas.	NC south to peninsular FL, west to e. LA. Known from NC and SC (Berkeley and Marion counties; P. McMillan, pers. comm.).
Poaceae	Anatherum virginicum var. virginicum	Old-field Broomstraw, Broomsedge, "Sedge Grass", "Sage Grass", "Broom Sage"	Old fields, roadbanks, disturbed sites.	MA west to MI and e. KS, south to FL and e. TX; West Indies; Mexico and Central America.
Poaceae	Andropogon	Broomsedge, Bluestem
Poaceae	Andropogon gerardi	Big Bluestem, Turkeyfoot	In a wide variety of habitats, usually rather dry, such as longleaf pine sandhills, glades, cliffs, and rock outcrops, in the Piedmont in woodlands, former prairie-like sites, woodlands, open forests, and river-scour grasslands, in the Mountains in glades, riverside scour areas, and rarely in grassy balds, ascending to at least 1600 m over mafic rocks (on Old Field Bald, Watauga and Ashe counties, NC).	QC west to SK, south to FL and AZ and Mexico.
Poaceae	Andropogon hallii	Sand Bluestem	Sandy soils.	ND and MT south to TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico; with eastward outliers likely representing introductions (as in IN, IL, MN, MO, and AR). The status of the species in MO is discussed by Braun (2019).
Poaceae	Anthenantia	Silkyscale
Poaceae	Anthenantia rufa	Purple Silkyscale	Wet pine savannas in the outer Coastal Plain, seepage bogs and moist sandhill-pocosin ecotones in the fall-line sandhills.	Se. NC south to n. FL and west to w. LA.
Poaceae	Anthenantia texana	Texas Silkyscale	Pine flatwoods, coastal prairies, bog margins.	S. AR south to w. LA and e. TX.
Poaceae	Anthenantia villosa	Green Silkyscale	Longleaf pine sandhills, especially in submesic swales.	Se. NC south to s. FL and west to e. TX.
Poaceae	Anthephora
Poaceae	Anthephora hermaphrodita		Growing along a stream in Alachua County, FL (Pond A; IND-26577), otherwise rarely persisting from cultivation.	Native of tropical America.
Poaceae	Anthoxanthum	Vernal Grass
Poaceae	Anthoxanthum aristatum	Annual Vernal Grass	Roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Anthoxanthum odoratum	Sweet Vernal Grass	Lawns, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Apera	Windgrass
Poaceae	Apera interrupta	Dense Silky-scale, Italian Windgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Apera spica-venti	Common Windgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), MD, KY, MO, nc. TX (Kartesz 2022).
Poaceae	Apluda	Apluda
Poaceae	Apluda mutica	Apluda	Ore piles, a waif (Reed 1964).	Native of tropical Asia.
Poaceae	Aristida	Three-awn Grass
Poaceae	Aristida adscensionis	Sixweeks Three-awn	Dry habitats; eastwards in disturbed areas.	Native of w. United States (?) south into Neotropics. Reported for SC (FNA)
Poaceae	Aristida basiramea	Forktip Three-awn	Sandy soils; introduced eastwards.	Native of mw. United States. ME and ON south to SC (FNA), AL, TX, and CO (FNA). Reported occurrence in PA is based on misidentification (S. Grund, pers.comm., 2023).
Poaceae	Aristida beyrichiana	Southern Wiregrass	Longleaf pine sandhills, savannas, flatwoods, and seepages, from very dry to seasonally saturated soils.	S. SC south to s. FL, west to s. MS.
Poaceae	Aristida condensata	Big Three-awn	Sand barrens, dry, sandy soils of longleaf pine sandhills, sandy pine rocklands of s. FL.	Sc. NC south to s. FL, west to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999).
Poaceae	Aristida curtissii	Curtiss's Three-awn	Roadsides, disturbed areas, bare eroding soil.	ME west to WY, south to n. FL, AR, OK, and CO, perhaps largely or adventive east of the Mississippi River.
Poaceae	Aristida desmantha	Curly Three-awn	Dry pinelands, other dry sites.	IL, MO, and sc. NE south to w. LA, TX, and n. Mexico.
Poaceae	Aristida dichotoma	Fork-tip Three-awn, Poverty Grass	Roadsides, fields, disturbed areas, bare eroding soil.	ME west to WI, south to n. FL and TX.
Poaceae	Aristida divaricata		West of our region, in dry hills and plains, especially in pinyon-juniper woodlands; collected in our region only from a test nursery.	Sc. And sw. United States to Guatemala. Allred (1986) reported the collection of this sw. North American species from a Soil Conservation Service test nursery in Chapel Hill, NC.
Poaceae	Aristida fendleriana		Rocky calcareous areas, prairies.	SD, MT, and CA south through OK, TX, NM, and AZ into Mexico.
Poaceae	Aristida floridana	Key West Three-awn	Rockland hammocks, dry disturbed areas over limestone.	Endemic to s. FL. Sometimes considered to also occur in the Yucatan peninsula.
Poaceae	Aristida geniculata	Northeastern Slim-spike Three-awn	Dry open habitats, disturbed areas.	The distribution and habitats of A. geniculata and A. longespica in our area are poorly known, pending further field and herbarium investigation.
Poaceae	Aristida glauca	Nealley's Three-awn	Rocky slopes, woodlands and scrub.	KS and CA south to TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico.
Poaceae	Aristida gyrans	Corkscrew Three-awn	Scrubby flatwoods and other dry pinelands, open sandy firelanes.	E. GA and w. Panhandle FL, south to s. FL. In Bryan, Long, and Montgomery counties in e. GA (Sorrie 1998b), and in wc. GA (J. Allison, pers. comm.). POWO (2024) also alleges this species to be distributed in Cuba and Hispaniola (needing investigation).
Poaceae	Aristida havardii			Reported for c. OK by Kartesz (2022); needing investigation.
Poaceae	Aristida lanosa	Woollysheath Three-awn	Dry sandy soils of longleaf pine sandhills and fields.	NJ south to FL, west to TX, north in the interior to MO and OK.
Poaceae	Aristida longespica	Southeastern Slim-spike Three-awn	Disturbed areas.	The distribution and habitats of A. geniculata and A. longespica in our area are poorly known, pending further field and herbarium investigation.
Poaceae	Aristida longiseta	Red Three-awn	Rocky and sandy areas, eastwards adventive in disturbed areas.	MB west to BC, south to TX, CA, and Mexico; adventive eastwards. Also reported from NC, but the collection is from a Soil Conservation Service test nursery, and there is no evidence of naturalization.
Poaceae	Aristida mohrii	Mohr's Three-awn	Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub, dry pine flatwoods.	Panhandle FL and sw. GA west to s. AL; apparently disjunct in SC (Chesterfield and Richland counties). POWO (2024) also alleges this species to be in Cuba and Hispaniola; this needs investigation.
Poaceae	Aristida oligantha	Prairie Three-awn	Rock outcrops in thin soil, roadsides, fields, disturbed areas.	VT west to e. WY, south to FL, TX, and n. Mexico; distribution in w. North America is probably adventive.
Poaceae	Aristida palustris	Longleaf Three-awn	Wet pine savannas and flatwoods, limesink depressions.	Se. NC south to FL, west to TX. A record from the Cumberland Plateau of KY (Laurel County) is a false report.
Poaceae	Aristida patula	Tall Three-awn	Dry to moist sandy soils of pond margins, pine flatwoods, sabal palm hammock margins, other pinelands, dunes, pastures.	Endemic to FL Panhandle (Dixie, Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Taylor, and Wakulla counties) (Wunderlin & Hansen 2006) and peninsula.
Poaceae	Aristida purpurascens	Arrowfeather	Dry habitats, especially in dry sandy or rocky soils.	MA west to WI and KS, south to FL, TX, and Mexico (CHP, CHH, COA, SON)
Poaceae	Aristida purpurea	Purple Three-awn	Sandy or rocky soils.	KS and CA south to LA, TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico.
Poaceae	Aristida ramosissima	S-curve Three-awn	Pine flatwoods, dry upland soils.	OH, s. IN, s. IL, c. MO. se. KS south to Panhandle FL (Bay County) (Wunderlin & Hansen 2011), nc. MS (Morris & MacDonald 2012), LA, and c. TX. Adventive in Fairfax County, VA.
Poaceae	Aristida rhizomophora	Florida Three-awn	Wet pine flatwoods and savannas, wet fringes of dry prairies.	A Florida endemic, north to Baker, Duval, and Nassau counties.
Poaceae	Aristida simpliciflora	Southern Three-awn, Chapman's Three-awn	Wet pine savannas.	Sw. GA west through the FL Panhandle and c. AL to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999), and south into c. peninsular FL and s. peninsular FL (Wilder & McCollum 2023); northward apparently as a rarity in se. NC and e. SC (Berkeley County; McMillan & Porcher 2005) and se. NC. A. simpliciflora was believed to be a Gulf Coastal Plain endemic until found by R. LeBlond in 1999 in wet savannas in se. NC (Green Swamp savannas, Brunswick County; Old Dock Savanna, Columbus County; and The Neck Savanna, Pender County). It is reported for sw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988, Kartesz 1999). Harper also reports it for c. GA.
Poaceae	Aristida spiciformis var. spiciformis	Bottlebrush Three-awn, Spike Three-awn	Wet pine savannas and seepage areas.	E. SC (McMillan et al. 2002) south to s. FL, west to MS; West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico). Allred (1986) also reported this species from NC, but the documentation is unknown to us.
Poaceae	Aristida stricta	Carolina Wiregrass, Pineland Three-awn	Coastal Plain pinelands of nearly all sorts, ranging from the driest white-sand sandhills to seasonally saturated pine savannas dominated by a mixture of longleaf pine and pond pine, largely or entirely replaced in the wettest savannas by Sporobolus teretifolius, S. pinetorum, Calmovilfa brevipilis, Muhlenbergia expansa, and Ctenium aromaticum; also in Piedmont areas adjacent to the Coastal Plain and formerly supporting fire-maintained longleaf pine woodlands.	Ne. NC (south of Albemarle Sound and the Roanoke River), south to ne. SC (Lee and Kershaw counties)
Poaceae	Aristida tenuispica	Southern Arrowfeather	Longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, Florida wet prairies, other sandy habitats.	NC south to s. FL and west to MS.
Poaceae	Aristida ternipes	Spidergrass		TX, NM, and AZ south through Mexico and Central America to n. South America; West Indies. Reported for s. FL (Monroe County), but based on misapplication of A. floridana (Wunderlin et al. 2024).
Poaceae	Aristida tuberculosa	Dune Three-awn, Sand Three-awn, Seaside Needlegrass	Longleaf pine sandhills, coastal dunes, other dry, sandy habitats such as sandy roadsides.	Se. NH south to NJ and disjunct in e. VA in the outer Coastal Plain; from sc. NC south to c. FL and Panhandle FL, west to s. MS (Sorrie & Leonard 1999), mostly in the inner Coastal Plain; and also near the Great Lakes in sw. MI, n. IN, n. IL, s. WI, se. MN, and e. IA.
Poaceae	Aristida virgata		Moist to wet pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods, mountain bogs (Henderson Co., NC), other moist habitats.	S. NJ south to s. FL, west to TX, primarily on the Coastal Plain; Central America (needing confirmation).
Poaceae	Aristida wrightii	Wright's Three-awn	Calcareous soils.	OK, CO, s. UT, s. NV, and s. CA south to s. TX and Mexico.
Poaceae	Arrhenatherum	False Oatgrass
Poaceae	Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum	Tuber Oatgrass, Onion Couch	Meadows, fields, and roadsides.	Native of Europe. Cited for VA in HC.
Poaceae	Arrhenatherum elatius var. elatius	Tall Oatgrass	Meadows, fields, roadsides.	Native of Europe. Documented for SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]).
Poaceae	Arthraxon	Basket Grass
Poaceae	Arthraxon hispidus var. hispidus	Basket Grass, Joint-head Grass	Moist ditches, bottomlands, disturbed areas.	Native of se. Asia. Like Microstegium, Arthraxon is steadily and aggressively increasing its abundance across most of our region.
Poaceae	Arundinaria	Cane
Poaceae	Arundinaria alabamensis	Tallapoosa Cane	Oak-hickory forests and woodlands on mesic, submesic, and xeric slopes and uplands, sometimes occurring as well in hillside seepages, and sometimes along perennial streams (Triplett 2023).	As far as known, endemic to ec. AL and also in GA piedmont, but expected to have a somewhat wider distribution.
Poaceae	Arundinaria appalachiana	Hill Cane	Dry to moist forests on slopes.	Sw. NC and se. TN south to nw. SC, n. GA and ne. AL, primarily in the southwestern end of the Blue Ridge, but extending east, south, and west into adjacent provinces. Plants which may represent this species have been found in sw. WV (Chief Logan State Park; J. Burkhart, pers.comm., 2024).
Poaceae	Arundinaria gigantea	Giant Cane, River Cane	Bottomland and riparian forests, lower slopes and bluffs along streams, seeps, stream banks, and extending into less mesic and even dry settings on circumneutral or alkaline soils over limestone or dolomite, or in loess deposits along the Mississippi River.	S. OH south to FL and e. TX.
Poaceae	Arundinaria tecta	Switch Cane, Small Cane, Mutton Grass	Pine savannas, pocosins, canebrakes, blackwater swamps, Piedmont seeps, generally (but not solely) in wetlands.	Primarily of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, but extending to the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain and also Piedmont: e. MD to FL and s. AL.
Poaceae	Arundo	Giant Reed
Poaceae	Arundo donax	Giant Reed	Roadsides, waste dumps, other disturbed areas.	Native of the Old World (most likely w. Asia) (Hardion et al. 2014).
Poaceae	Astrebla
Poaceae	Astrebla lappacea	Curly Mitchell Grass	Waste area near wool mill.	Native of Australia.
Poaceae	Avena	Oats
Poaceae	Avena fatua	Wild Oats	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe and c. Asia.
Poaceae	Avena sativa	Oats	Fields and disturbed areas, commonly planted but not long-persistent.	Native of Middle East.
Poaceae	Avena sterilis	Animated Oats	Waif at old seaports.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Avenella	Hairgrass
Poaceae	Avenella flexuosa	Common Hairgrass, Wavy Hairgrass	Grassy balds, high elevation rocky summits, rocky or sandy woodlands.	Circumboreal, ranging south in North America to n. GA, OH, WI, and MN; disjunct in AR and OK, and in Mexico.
Poaceae	Avenula
Poaceae	Avenula pubescens	Downy Oatgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Axonopus	Carpetgrass
Poaceae	Axonopus compressus	Southern Carpetgrass, Tropical Carpetgrass	Moist disturbed areas, lawns.	Probably native in the se. United States, from SC south to s. FL, west to TX; West Indies; Mexico to South America.
Poaceae	Axonopus fissifolius	Common Carpetgrass	Pine flatwoods, sandy forests, fields, roadsides, lawns.	VA south to FL, west to TX and OK, and extending into tropical America (to Argentina).
Poaceae	Axonopus furcatus	Big Carpetgrass	Maritime forests, other sandy forests, bottomlands, roadsides, calcareous wet meadows, lawns.	Se. VA south to FL, west to TX and AR, mainly Coastal Plain but scattered inland; apparently adventive in e. MD (Knapp et al. 2011); also in South America (Brazil to Argentina), unclear whether native there.
Poaceae	Bambusa	Bamboo
Poaceae	Bambusa bambos	Giant Thorny Bamboo	Suburban areas, weakly spreading vegetatively from horticultural use.	Native of s. and se. Asia.
Poaceae	Bambusa multiplex	Hedge Bamboo, Dwarf Bamboo, Oriental Hedge Bamboo	Disturbed areas, spread vegetatively from horticultural use.	Native of se. Asia. Reported as naturalized or persistent in portions of the southeastern United States, including GA, FL Panhandle, and FL peninsula.
Poaceae	Bambusa vulgaris	Common Bamboo	Disturbed areas, spread vegetatively from horticultural use.	Native of tropical Asia. Reported for SC (Kartesz 2022), apparently in error.
Poaceae	Beckmannia	Slough Grass
Poaceae	Beckmannia syzigachne	American Slough Grass	Exposed reservoir shores and bottoms, disturbed areas.	NL (Labrador) and NS west to YT and AK, south to ME, NY, n. OH, IL, KS, NM, AZ, and CA; disjunct in sw. TN and n. MS; Asia. Scattered occurrences south and east of its main distribution are likely adventive introductions by waterfowl or humans. Reported for Hardin County, TN (K3, FNA). Uncommon on an exposed reservoir bottom in n. MS with Alopecurus carolinianus (J.R. Rigby, pers.comm., April 2017).
Poaceae	Bothriochloa	Beardgrass, Cane Bluestem
Poaceae	Bothriochloa barbinodis	Cane Bluestem, Pinhole Bluestem	Sandy or rocky limestone soils, eastward in disturbed areas, including roadsides.	OK and TX west to CA, south into Mexico, n. Central America, and South America.
Poaceae	Bothriochloa bladhii	Australian Bluestem	Road medians, pastures, other disturbed areas.	Native of subtropical Asia and Africa. Reported from e. TN (according to specimen cited by FNA and Z) and Alachua County, FL.
Poaceae	Bothriochloa exaristata	Awnless Bluestem	Black clay (calcareous) soils of coastal prairies.	W. LA and se. TX; disjunct in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.
Poaceae	Bothriochloa glabra
Poaceae	Bothriochloa hybrida		Open calcareous habitats; eastwards on roadsides.	Native of TX south into Mexico. Described as "widespread and well-established along roadsides in Georgia" (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009).
Poaceae	Bothriochloa ischaemum	King Ranch Bluestem, KR Bluestem, Yellow Bluestem	Highway medians and margins, other disturbed places.	Native of s. Europe and w. Asia. Reported for SC (Kartesz 1999) and GA (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009). Reported for s. MO (Thomas 2017). "This species, along with B. laguroides [torreyana], appear to be spreading steadily, especially along the I-81 corridor where they are conspicuous during the late Summer and Fall flowering and fruiting season" (Virginia Botanical Associates 2019).
Poaceae	Bothriochloa longipaniculata	Longspike Silver Bluestem	Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed areas, roadsides.	LA to TX, south to Mexico and Panama; South America. Reported for GA (Zomlefer et al. 2018). Reported for SC Coastal Plain (Bradley et al. [in prep.]).
Poaceae	Bothriochloa pertusa	Pitted Bluestem	Disturbed areas, especially over calcareous substrates (like roadsides, pastures, and disturbed prairies of the Black Belt).	Native of s. and se. Asia. Introduced at scattered sites in e. North America, including FL, LA, MD, MS (FNA, Kartesz 1999), and AL (Diamond, England, & Dykes 2013).
Poaceae	Bothriochloa torreyana	Silver Bluestem	Dry, sandy prairies and other grasslands, eastwards in road medians and other disturbed areas.	MO and NV south to w. LA, TX, CA, and Mexico; also Argentina; adventive elsewhere (the exact boundaries of the native distribution obscure). Reported for SC (Kartesz 1999), ne. GA (Jones & Coile 1988; Allred & Gould 1983), e. TN, and c. TN (Chester et al. 1993), s. MO (Thomas 2017), in some cases as B. saccharoides var. torreyana.
Poaceae	Bouteloua	Grama
Poaceae	Bouteloua aristidoides	Three-awn Grama, Needle Grama	Dry prairies and loamy alluvial areas; eastwards on ballast.	C. and s. TX west to CA south into Mexico.
Poaceae	Bouteloua barbata var. barbata	Sixweeks Grama	Dry grasslands in sandy soils, disturbed areas.	KS to CA, south to e. and s. TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico; South America.
Poaceae	Bouteloua chondrosioides	Sprucetop Grama	Prairies.	C. TX, w. TX, and s. AZ south into Mexico.
Poaceae	Bouteloua curtipendula var. caespitosa	Side-oats Grama	Loose, calcareous soils.	OK, CO, UT, and CA south to s. TX, NM, AZ, and Mexico (to Argentina).
Poaceae	Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula	Side-oats Grama	Prairies, dry rocky slopes and bluffs over calcareous rocks (such as limestone, dolomite, or calcareous shale) or ultramafic rocks (such as serpentine or metabasalt), limestone glades.	S. CT west to MT, south to VA, e. TN, nw. GA, AL, Panhandle FL (Gadsden County), TX, AZ, and CA; also in Central and South America. The older literature refers to B. curtipendula as introduced in SC, but the single specimen documenting its occurrence there appears to be from experimental plantings at Clemson University; there is apparently no evidence of its establishment there. B. curtipendula is now sometimes included in seed mixes, and appears as a waif or short-term introduction, including in the Piedmont of SC (K. Bradley, pers.comm., 2020). B. curtipendula occurs on serpentine in the Piedmont of GA (J. Allison, pers. comm.).
Poaceae	Bouteloua dactyloides	Buffalo Grass	Prairies, lawns, disturbed areas.	MN, MB, and AB south to w. LA, TX, NM, AZ, and widespread in Mexico.
Poaceae	Bouteloua dimorpha	Acapulco Grass	Cultivated as a turf grass, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Mexico.
Poaceae	Bouteloua eriopoda	Black Grama	Dry rocky slopes.	KS, CO, UT, and s. CA south to c. TX, NM, AZ, and widespread in Mexico (BCN, CHH, COA, DUR, NLE, SLP, SON, TAM, ZAC).
Poaceae	Bouteloua gracilis	Blue Grama	Prairies, eastward in disturbed areas.	ON west to BC, south through c. and w. United States into Mexico (where widespread). Reported for SC (Gould 1979), but this is from a planting at an agricultural experiment station.
Poaceae	Bouteloua hirsuta	Hairy Grama	Maritime grasslands (FL), pine rocklands (FL), prairies and dry grasslands (TX, OK), xeric longleaf pine sandhills (GA), disturbed areas.	WI, MN, ND, WY, NV and s. CA south to sw. LA, TX, NM, and AZ and south into Mexico; disjunct in peninsular FL and in sw. GA.
Poaceae	Bouteloua pectinata	Tall Grama	Limestone outcrops.	OK south to s. TX
Poaceae	Bouteloua repens	Slender Grama	Prairies and open brushland; or eastwards in disturbed areas.	OK, NM, and AZ south through TX to Mexico (where widespread) and n. South America; West Indies.
Poaceae	Bouteloua rigidiseta	Texas Grama, Mesquite Grass	Prairies, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Sw. AR, OK, and e. NM south to w. LA, TX, and Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, SON, TAM).
Poaceae	Bouteloua trifida	Red Grama	Dry grasslands and rocky slopes.	TX, NM, UT, and CA south to Mexico (where widespread).
Poaceae	Bouteloua uniflora	One-flower Grama, Nealley's Grama	Rocky calcareous soils.	TX south to Mexico (where widespread).
Poaceae	Brachyelytrum	Shorthusk
Poaceae	Brachyelytrum aristosum	Northern Shorthusk	Moist forests, mostly at moderate to high elevations, such as northern hardwoods and spruce-fir.	NL (Newfoundland), QC, ON, and MN south to n. NJ, PA, n. OH, n. IN, and s. WI, and in the mountains to sw. NC, e. TN, nw. SC, and ne. GA.
Poaceae	Brachyelytrum erectum	Common Shorthusk	Mesic forests, in the Mountains at lower elevations than B. aristosum.	MA, NY, OH, MI, and s. WI south to Panhandle FL and e. TX.
Poaceae	Brachypodium
Poaceae	Brachypodium distachyon			Reported for Lampasas County, TX (Kartesz 2022); needs research.
Poaceae	Brachypodium glaucovirens		Escaped from horticultural use.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and Africa.
Poaceae	Brachypodium pinnatum	Heath False Brome, Tor Grass
Poaceae	Brachypodium sylvaticum ssp. sylvaticum	Slender False Brome	Roadsides and yards.	Native of Europe. This species is still a relatively new invader of very scattered sites in the e. US. It has become well established in a small number of intact natural areas in upstate NY (Tompkins and Genesee counties), where it has become increasingly difficult to control and impossible to eradicate. It has also been found in Charlottesville, VA, where it is also persistent and spreading (Virginia Botanical Associates 2022).
Poaceae	Briza	Quaking Grass
Poaceae	Briza maxima	Greater Quaking Grass	Disturbed areas.	Native of the Mediterranean region. Reported in e. GA (Jones & Coile 1988; Kartesz 2015).
Poaceae	Briza media var. media	Perennial Quaking Grass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Reported for scattered locations in PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), MD, DE, and TN (Kartesz 2015).
Poaceae	Briza minor	Lesser Quaking Grass	Fields, roadsides, powerline rights-of-way, other disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, n. Africa, and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Bromus	Brome-grass, Brome
Poaceae	Bromus arenarius	Australian Brome	Waif on ballast; westwards on dry, often sandy slopes, fields, and waste places	Native of Australia.
Poaceae	Bromus arvensis		Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe. Reported as introduced for nc. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), for VA, MD, PA, and NJ (Kartesz 1999), and for KY (Campbell 2007). Map is highly speculative/provisional because of uncertainties in circumscription.
Poaceae	Bromus briziformis	Rattlesnake Brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of w. Asia. Reported as an introduction in ne. North America, south to MD, NJ, PA, DE (Kartesz 1999).
Poaceae	Bromus catharticus	Rescue Grass	Cultivated fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of South America.
Poaceae	Bromus ciliatus	Fringed Brome	Seepage areas, fens, moist areas near high elevation creeks, grassy balds, high elevation woodlands, mostly over mafic or calcareous rocks.	Widespread in n. North America: NL (Labrador) to AK, south in the east to PA, and in the mountains to NC; south in the west to Mexico. Known in NC only from Bluff Mountain and Long Hope Valley, Ashe and Watauga counties, and Roan Mountain, Mitchell County.
Poaceae	Bromus commutatus	Hairy Chess, Meadow Brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. The relationship and relative distribution of this species and Bromus racemosus is poorly known for our area.
Poaceae	Bromus diandrus	Ripgut Brome, Ripgut Grass	Disturbed areas, wool waif (SC).	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus erectus	Short-branched Brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus	Soft Chess, Lopgrass	Fields, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. See Bradley et al. [in prep.] for discussion about its occurrence in SC.
Poaceae	Bromus hordeaceus ssp. pseudothominei	Soft Chess	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus hordeaceus ssp. thominei		Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus inermis	Smooth Brome, Hungarian Brome, Awnless Brome	Fields, roadsides, clearings, other disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus japonicus	Japanese Chess, Japanese Brome	Fields, roadsides, gardens, other disturbed areas.	Native of Asia. Mapping is unusually speculative.
Poaceae	Bromus kalmii	Kalm Brome, Canada Brome, Arctic Brome, Prairie Brome	Forests and woodlands, shale woodlands and barrens, grassy ridgetop oak forests.	ME west to SD, south to MD, w. VA, and IA.
Poaceae	Bromus lanceolatus	Mediterranean Brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus latiglumis	Riverbank Brome, Auricled Brome, Hairy Woodbrome, Flanged Brome	Alluvial soils along rivers.	ME to MT, south to NC and OK. In NC apparently only along large rivers flowing west through the Appalachians into the Mississippi River drainage, notably the New and the French Broad.
Poaceae	Bromus lepidus	Slender Soft Brome, Scaly Brome	Fields and disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus madritensis	Foxtail Brome	Wool waste, other disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean, n. Africa, and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Bromus marginatus	Mountain Brome		Reported by Jones & Coile (1988) for nc. GA and by FNA for MS.
Poaceae	Bromus nottowayanus	Satin Brome, Nottoway River Brome, Virginia Brome	Moist forests, especially along small stream bottoms.	The range of this species is poorly known, owing to confusion between it, B. pubescens and B. latiglumis. It is apparently known from MD, VA, and NC, west to TN, IL, IN, MO, and AR. Reported for Mountains of SC (Pickens County) (Bradley et al. [in prep.]). Probably more common than portrayed in the map.
Poaceae	Bromus pubescens	Common Eastern Brome, Canada Brome, Hairy Woodland Brome	Mesic forests, especially on rocky slopes, rich bottomland forests, calcareous bluffs.	S. ON west to AB, south to FL, TX, and (reportedly) AZ.
Poaceae	Bromus racemosus	Smooth Brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus ramosus		Habitat unknown.	Native of Eurasia and n. Africa. Reported for DC and MS (Kartesz 1999).
Poaceae	Bromus rubens	Foxtail Chess, Red Brome	Waste areas near wool-combing plants, other disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe. The SC occurrences come from areas around wool-combing plants, and were likely introduced on wool from w. United States, where this European species is well-established.
Poaceae	Bromus scoparius	Broom Brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of Mediterranean Europe, Africa, and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Bromus secalinus	Cheat, Common Chess, Rye-brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus squarrosus	Squarrose Brome	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia. Reported for KY and NJ (Kartesz 1999).
Poaceae	Bromus sterilis	Barren Brome, Poverty Brome, Cheatgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of s. Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus tectorum	Downy Brome, Downy Chess, Downy Cheat, Junegrass, Cheatgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Bromus texensis	Texas Brome	Thickets.	Endemic to TX (or possibly also in Mexico) (Diggs et al. 2006).
Poaceae	Calamagrostis	Reedgrass
Poaceae	Calamagrostis arenaria	European Beachgrass	Dunes, disturbed areas.	Native of Europe. Introduced in MD and PA (Kartesz 1999).
Poaceae	Calamagrostis breviligulata ssp. breviligulata	American Beachgrass	Dunes along the Atlantic Ocean and major estuaries (such as the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays), rarely on dry sandy shores along Coastal Plain Rivers (in VA).	NL (Newfoundland) south to about Cape Hatteras, Dare County, NC, and on shores around the Great Lakes; planted farther south. As a native grass, Calamagrostis breviligulata ranged south only to NC, where it was rare; it is now commonly planted ("sprigged") in the Carolinas as a sand-binder and is now common south into SC.
Poaceae	Calamagrostis cainii	Cain's Reedgrass	High elevation rocky summits.	Endemic to a few mountain-tops in the Southern Appalachians, C. cainii, once thought to be endemic to Mount LeConte, TN, was discovered at two sites in NC in 1989 and 1990 – Mount Craig, Yancey County, and Craggy Pinnacle, Buncombe County (Wiser 1991).
Poaceae	Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis	Bluejoint, Canada Reedgrass	Wet meadows along streams, high elevation openings, such as grassy balds and cliff bases.	Widespread and common across n. North America, reaching its southern limit in the east in w. NC, e. TN (Chester et al. 1993), and ne. GA (Rabun Bald, Rabun County).
Poaceae	Calamagrostis canadensis var. macouniana		Bottomlands.	NL (Newfoundland) and AB south to NJ, PA, VA?, OH, w. KY, IL, MO, NE, WY, OR. Reported for VA (FNA), the documentation unknown. Reported south to NJ and KY only (Kartesz 1999). {investigate}
Poaceae	Calamagrostis epigejos	Bushgrass, Feathertop	Disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Calamagrostis inexpansa	Northern Reedgrass	Wet meadows, fens.	NL (Newfoundland) and NL (Labrador) west to AK, south to NY, OH, n. WV (Preston and Randolph counties), IA, AZ, and CA; apparently disjunct in w. NC; ne. Asia.
Poaceae	Calamagrostis insperata		Rock outcrops; rocky woodlands.	OH and MO south to TN and AR.
Poaceae	Calamagrostis macrolepis	Far Eastern Reedgrass		Native of n. Eurasia.
Poaceae	Calamagrostis pickeringii	Pickering’s Reedgrass	Bogs.	NL west to ON, south to NY and s. NJ.
Poaceae	Calamagrostis porteri	Porter's Reedgrass	Dry to dry-mesic forests and woodlands, especially in fire-maintained situations, forest edges, serpentine barrens, cliff bases.	NY to AL, in the Appalachians; it was first reported from NC by Ware (1973).
Poaceae	Calamovilfa	Sand-reed
Poaceae	Calamovilfa arcuata	Cumberland Sandreed	Riverside scours, usually in areas of sandstone cobble.	Ouachita Mountains of w. AR and e. OK; Cumberland Plateau of TN (Cumberland, Morgan, Scott, and White cos.), KY (McCreary County), AL (Blount and Dekalb cos.), and GA (Walker County) (Zomlefer et al. 2018).
Poaceae	Calamovilfa brevipilis	Pinebarren Sandreed	Pine savanna-pocosin ecotones, longleaf pine sandhill seepage bogs, streamhead seeps, pocosins, boggy powerline rights-of-way.	A "bimodal endemic", with two areas of distribution: Pine Barrens of NJ and the Coastal Plain (very rarely lower Piedmont) of e. NC, n. SC, and s. VA.
Poaceae	Calamovilfa curtissii	Curtiss’s Sandreed	Moist pinelands and edges of natural ponds.	FL Panhandle and e. peninsular FL.
Poaceae	Calamovilfa gigantea	Giant Sandreed	Sand dunes, prairies, sandy shores.	NE and UT south through KS and OK to TX, NM, and AZ.
Poaceae	Calamovilfa longifolia var. longifolia	Prairie Sand-reed	Sandy bottomlands.	MI, WI, MB, NT, and BC south to s. IL, MO, KS, NM, ID, and WA.
Poaceae	Calamovilfa longifolia var. magna	Great Lakes Sandreed	Beaches.	Naturalized from the more western Great Lakes.
Poaceae	Catapodium
Poaceae	Catapodium rigidum ssp. rigidum	Fern Grass	Shell mounds (SC), railroad tracks, stock pens, waste areas around wool-combing mills, other disturbed areas, perhaps only a waif in the northern parts of our area and somewhat established in the Gulf Coastal Plain.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Poaceae	Cenchrus	Burgrass, Sandspur
Poaceae	Cenchrus americanus	Pearl Millet	Fallow fields, other disturbed areas.	Native of the Old World (Africa and tropical Asia).
Poaceae	Cenchrus biflorus	Indian Sandbur	Disturbed areas, ballast, presumably only a waif.	Native of Africa and s. Asia. Reported from ballast in Mobile, AL.
Poaceae	Cenchrus brownii	Slim-bristled Sandspur	Disturbed areas, maritime grasslands.	S. FL (where apparently native), elsewhere in the se. United States (NC, GA, AL, where presumably introduced); West Indies; Central America, n. South America. The sole known NC specimen was collected in 1885 by Gerald McCarthy in NC "in locis navalibus et vastis".
Poaceae	Cenchrus ciliaris	Buffelgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of Africa.
Poaceae	Cenchrus echinatus	Southern Sandspur, Bristly Sandspur, Hedgehog Grass, Cadillo	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	NC (and DC?) south to FL, west to CA, south into the tropical America. The basis for the record for w. VA in FNA is not clear.
Poaceae	Cenchrus flaccidus	Himalayan Fountaingrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of c. Asia.
Poaceae	Cenchrus gracillimus	Sandhill Sandspur	Longleaf pinelands, other sandy habitats.	N. FL, s. and e. GA, s. AL; West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica).
Poaceae	Cenchrus latifolius	Uruguayan Fountaingrass	Spreading from horticultural use.	Native of South America.
Poaceae	Cenchrus longisetus	Feathertop	Cultivated as an ornamental, and sometimes escaped.	Native of W. Asia and ne. Africa. Reported as an introduction in GA (Kartesz 1999), apparently erroneously.
Poaceae	Cenchrus longispinus	Northern Sandspur, Common Sandspur	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas, lawns.	ME west to OR, south to FL, TX, and CA.
Poaceae	Cenchrus myosuroides	Big Sandspur	Shell middens, maritime hammocks, coastal berms, roadsides, disturbed areas.	SC south to FL, west to TX; West Indies; Mexico to South America.
Poaceae	Cenchrus nervosus		Disturbed areas.	Native of South America.
Poaceae	Cenchrus orientalis	Laurisa Grass, White Fountain Grass	Disturbed areas.	Native of s. Asia west to w. Asia and n. Africa.
Poaceae	Cenchrus pedicellatus	Kyasuma Grass, Hairy Fountain Grass	Citrus groves, other disturbed areas.	Native of tropical Africa and s. Asia.
Poaceae	Cenchrus purpurascens	Chinese Fountaingrass, Foxtail Fountaingrass	Disturbed areas, roadsides, floodplains, old fields.	Native of e. Asia. This species seems to be developing into an invasive species, with increasing reports of its spread into natural areas, as opposed to merely occurring as a waif following cultivation. Reported for DE and MD, where frequently encountered on roadsides (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).
Poaceae	Cenchrus purpureus	Elephant Grass, Napier Grass	Swamps, wet grasslands, disturbed areas.	Native of Africa. Naturalized in FL north to the FL-GA border, and in AL (Diamond & Woods 2009).
Poaceae	Cenchrus setaceus	Tender Fountaingrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of e. Mediterranean Europe. Reported as an introduction in FL, TN, and KY (Wipff in FNA 2003a). Well established in Florida, spreading widely from landscape plantings initially, but then moving at distance.
Poaceae	Cenchrus setiger		Disturbed areas.	Native of Africa. Known in our area from ne. FL, ec. MS, and se. and s. TX.
Poaceae	Cenchrus setosus	Mission Grass	Pine flatwoods, moist disturbed pastures, and roadsides.	Native of tropical Africa. Considered invasive in our area.
Poaceae	Cenchrus spinifex	Coastal Sandspur, Grassbur	Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas.	VA south to FL, west to AR and KS; West Indies; Mexico to South America.
Poaceae	Cenchrus tribuloides	Dune Sandspur	Dunes, sandy fields, sandy woodlands in the outer Coastal Plain.	NY (Long Island) south to FL, west to TX; West Indies; e. South America.
Poaceae	Chasmanthium	Spanglegrass, Spikegrass
Poaceae	Chasmanthium latifolium	River Oats, Fish-on-a-Stringer, 'Inland Sea Oats'	Riverbanks, streambanks, bottomland forests, seepages and glades over mafic or calcareous rock, usually in nutrient-rich soils, also now cultivated widely as a native plant ornamental, but can be quite aggressive.	NJ, OH, IL, and KS south to ne. and Panhandle FL and TX.
Poaceae	Chasmanthium laxum	Slender Spikegrass	Savanna-pocosin ecotones, sandhill-pocosin ecotones, moist hardwood swamps, other moist habitats.	S. NY, KY, and OK south to s. FL and e. TX.
Poaceae	Chasmanthium nitidum	Shiny Spanglegrass	Blackwater swamp forests, especially with calcareous influence (over marl, oligohaline tidal swamps).	Se. NC south to s. FL and west to se. AL.
Poaceae	Chasmanthium ornithorhynchum	Birdbill Spikegrass	Blackwater swamp forests.	S. AL and w. FL Panhandle west to e. LA (Florida Parishes). Also reported for NC and SC (FNA 2003a; Kartesz 2020), apparently in error, as no evidence has been found to support a distribution in the Carolinas.
Poaceae	Chasmanthium sessiliflorum var. 1	Coastal Hammock Longleaf Spikegrass	Calcareous hammocks.	E. SC south to n. FL.
Poaceae	Chasmanthium sessiliflorum var. sessiliflorum	Longleaf Spikegrass	Moist to dryish hardwood forests, swamps, other moist habitats.	Se. VA, n. TN, n. AR, and e. OK south to sc. peninsular FL and ec. TX.
Poaceae	Chloris	Finger-grass, Chloris
Poaceae	Chloris andropogonoides	Slimspike Windmill-grass	Prairies, brush, especially on clay soils; eastwards in lawns, pastures, roadsides.	C. and s. TX south into Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, SLP, TAM).
Poaceae	Chloris barbata	Swollen Windmill-grass	Lower Rio Grande Valley; eastwards in disturbed areas, waste areas near wool-combing mills.	Native of either or both the New World Tropics (West Indies, e. Mexico, Central America, and South America) or the Old World tropics (Africa, s. Asia).
Poaceae	Chloris cucullata	Hooded Windmill-grass	Prairies, especially sandy or gravelly, also on roadsides and in disturbed areas, and eastwards (SC) in waste areas near wool-combing mills, other disturbed areas, such as historically on ballast (perhaps only a waif).	KS, NM, and AZ south into Mexico (CAM, COA, NLE, TAM, YUC).
Poaceae	Chloris divaricata		Disturbed areas, including in waste areas near wool-combing mills, perhaps only a waif.	Native of Australia.
Poaceae	Chloris gayana	Rhodes Grass	Pastures (where planted for forage), disturbed areas, roadsides; eastwards in waste areas near wool-combing mills, other disturbed areas (perhaps only a waif).	Native of Africa.
Poaceae	Chloris pectinata		Waif in disturbed areas, such as near wool-combing mills.	Native of Australia.
Poaceae	Chloris pilosa		Disturbed areas.	Native of equatorial Africa.
Poaceae	Chloris radiata	Plush Grass	Disturbed areas, agricultural fields, and tree farms.	Native of tropical America.
Poaceae	Chloris subdolichostachya	Shortspike Windmill-grass	Disturbed sandy areas.	South to Mexico (CHH, COA, NLE, TAM)
Poaceae	Chloris texensis	Texas Windmill-grass	Coastal prairies, in relatively bare areas in coastal prairie grassland remnants on sandy to sandy loam soils (Carr 2011).	Endemic to se. TX.
Poaceae	Chloris truncata	Stargrass, Black Windmill-grass	Pastures, waste areas near wool-combing mills, perhaps only a waif.	Native of Australia. Reported for Livingstone Parish, LA (Urbatsch 2013)
Poaceae	Chloris ventricosa		Waste areas near wool-combing mills, perhaps only a waif.	Native of Australia. Also reported for VA (Hitchcock & Chase 1951; Kartesz 1999)
Poaceae	Chloris verticillata	Windmill-grass, Tumble Windmill-grass	Disturbed areas, bottomland fields.	IA, SD, WY south to n. AR, s. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (BCS, COA, NLE); scattered elsewhere as introductions or waifs.
Poaceae	Chloris virgata	Feather Windmill-grass, Feather Finger-grass, Showy Chloris	Roadsides, other disturbed areas.	Native of tropical America.
Poaceae	Chrysopogon	Goldbeard
Poaceae	Chrysopogon aciculatus	Golden Beardgrass, Mackie's Pest, Amorseco	Open disturbed areas.	Native of tropical Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. Reported for Miami-Dade County (Bradley [in prep.]).
Poaceae	Chrysopogon fulvus	Red Beardgrass	Pine flatwoods.	Native of s. Asia. Escaped from experimental cultivation in Gainesville, FL (Hall 2019).
Poaceae	Chrysopogon pauciflorus	Florida Goldbeard, Florida Rhaphis	Longleaf pine sandhills, pine flatwoods, disturbed sandy areas.	FL and Cuba; its occurrences in se. NC (at Carolina Beach State Park), in Horry County, SC (see Bradley et al. [in prep.]), and se. TX (Jefferson County; Kartesz 2022), are plausible either as native, disjunct occurrences or as introductions.
Poaceae	Chrysopogon zizanioides	Vetiver, Khus-Khus	Field edges; ditch banks, other disturbed areas.	Native of s. Asia.
Poaceae	Cinna	Woodreed
Poaceae	Cinna arundinacea	Common Woodreed, Sweet Woodreed	Bottomland forests, rocky bars in rivers, tidal freshwater marshes, other low, wet habitats.	NB and MN south to s. GA (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009) and TX.
Poaceae	Cinna latifolia	Drooping Woodreed, Slender Woodreed	Northern hardwood and spruce-fir forests, wet cliff-bases at high elevations.	Circumboreal, occurring in n. Eurasia and n. North America, south in North America to w. NC, e. TN, n. IL, MN, UT, NM, and CA.
Poaceae	Coix	Job’s-tears
Poaceae	Coix lacryma-jobi	Job's-Tears	Disturbed areas, perhaps merely a waif.	Native of tropical Asia. Reported for se. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007), TN (Thieret in FNA 2003a), c. KY (Kartesz 2010), and s. NJ (Kartesz 1999; Kartesz 2010).
Poaceae	Coleataenia
Poaceae	Coleataenia abscissa	Cutthroat Grass	Most frequent in pineland seepage slopes, moist flatwoods, and depressions, where often the dominant herbaceous plant; also occasionally in dry sandy sites. Most often associated with wet Pinus densa savannas and seepage slopes, where it is often the dominant ground-layer species. See Bridges and Orzell (1998) for more information about the community types of this species.	Endemic to central FL peninsula, also known from a few sites on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge.
Poaceae	Coleataenia anceps ssp. anceps	Beaked Panic Grass	Moist sandy woods, swamps, sloughs, roadsides, fields, waste places, often weedy.	NY (Long Island), NJ west to IL, south to FL and TX.
Poaceae	Coleataenia anceps ssp. rhizomata	Small Beaked Panic Grass	Moist to dry sandy or loamy pinelands, maritime forests, ditches.	E. MD south to s. FL, west to e. TX, on the Coastal Plain, and rarely inland.
Poaceae	Coleataenia longifolia ssp. combsii	Combs's Panic Grass	Pond shores, depression meadows, cypress savannas, marshes, low woods.	Scattered on the outer Coastal Plain from NS (LeBlond in Weakley et al. 2018a), se. MA, NJ, se. VA, se. NC, e. SC, e. GA, and FL, west to se. LA.
Poaceae	Coleataenia longifolia ssp. longifolia	Long-leaved Panic Grass	Wet sandy or peaty soils of bogs, pine savannas, pond shores, depression meadows.	NS, NH, MA, PA, and IN south to FL, west to TX.
Poaceae	Coleataenia pulchra	Tall Flat Panic Grass	Marshes, low woods, ditches, swamps, shores, meadows, beaver marshes.	CT and NY west to IN, south to GA, LA, and ne. TX.
Poaceae	Coleataenia rigidula ssp. condensa	Dense Panic Grass	Marshes, meadows, low woods, ditches, stream and pond shores, freshwater tidal shores.	Coastal Plain south from se. MA to FL, west to se. TX and AR; disjunct in the West Indies.
Poaceae	Coleataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula	Redtop Panic Grass	Wet sandy or peaty soils low woods, meadows, marshes, shores, swamps, ditches, often weedy.	ME and MI south to FL and TX; also in CA and BC; disjunct in Central America.
Poaceae	Coleataenia tenera	Southeastern Panic Grass	Limesink ponds, depression meadows, cypress savannas, wet pinelands and prairies, bogs.	Coastal Plain from se. NC to FL, west to e. TX; West Indies; Mexico and Central America.
Poaceae	Cortaderia	Pampasgrass
Poaceae	Cortaderia jubata	Purple Pampasgrass	Disturbed areas.	Native of South America.
Poaceae	Cortaderia selloana	Pampasgrass	Barrier island marsh edges, other disturbed areas.	Native of South America. This grass is a popular ornamental, sometimes escaping.
Poaceae	Corynephorus
Poaceae	Corynephorus canescens	Gray Club-awn Grass	Dunes, disturbed sandy soils.	Native of Europe.
Poaceae	Crypsis	Prickle Grass
Poaceae	Crypsis alopecuroides	Foxtail Pricklegrass	Disturbed areas, in our area a waif on ballast.	Native of Mediterranean Europe and w. Asia.
Poaceae	Crypsis schoenoides	Swamp Pricklegrass	Disturbed areas, ballast.	Native of Mediterranean Europe.
Poaceae	Ctenium	Toothache Grass
Poaceae	Ctenium aromaticum	Toothache Grass, Orange Grass, Wild Ginger	Wet pine savannas, pocosin-savanna ecotones, seepage bogs, sandhill-pocosin ecotones, sandhill seeps.	Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. VA south to FL and west to LA and e. TX (Singhurst, Keith, & Holmes 2005).
Poaceae	Ctenium floridanum	Florida Toothache Grass	Dry pinelands, longleaf pine sandhills, upper ecotones of pineland pools. Like Ct. aromaticum, generally flowering only following fire.	A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. GA to ne. FL.
Poaceae	Cymbopogon	Lemon Grass
Poaceae	Cymbopogon citratus	Lemon Grass	Disturbed hammocks.	Native of s. Asia.
Poaceae	Cymbopogon flexuosus	Malabar Grass, Cochin Grass, East Indian Lemon Grass	Cultivated for essential oils, probably at least a waif.	Native of s. Asia.
Poaceae	Cymbopogon jwarancusa	Iwarancusa Grass, Oil Grass	Roadsides, old fields, other disturbed areas, persistent from cultivation.	Native of e. Asia.
Poaceae	Cymbopogon nardus	Citronella Grass, Nardgrass	Cultivated, escaped to disturbed areas.	Native of s. Asia.
Poaceae	Cynodon	Bermuda Grass
Poaceae	Cynodon aethiopicus	Star Grass; Ethiopian Dogtooth Grass	Cultivated for forage, rarely escaped.	Native of e. Africa.
Poaceae	Cynodon dactylon	Bermuda Grass, Scutch Grass	Lawns, gardens, roadsides, pastures, fields, disturbed areas.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Cynodon incompletus	Karrookweek Dogtooth Grass	Cultivated as a turf grass and escaping.	Native of south Africa.
Poaceae	Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis	African Bermuda Grass	Pastures, disturbed areas, roadsides, marshes.	Native of Africa.
Poaceae	Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus	African Bermuda Grass	Disturbed areas, pastures.	Native of e. and c. Africa.
Poaceae	Cynodon plectostachyus	Star Grass	Cultivated as a pasture grass and escaped.	Native of tropical Africa.
Poaceae	Cynosurus	Dogtail
Poaceae	Cynosurus cristatus	Crested Dogtail	Lawns, roadsides.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Cynosurus echinatus	Rough Dogtail, Bristly Dogtail	Lawns, roadsides.	Native of s. Europe.
Poaceae	Dactylis	Orchard Grass
Poaceae	Dactylis glomerata	Orchard Grass, Cock's-foot	Pastures, fields, woodland edges, roadsides.	Native of Eurasia.
Poaceae	Dactyloctenium	Crowfoot Grass
Poaceae	Dactyloctenium aegyptium	Crowfoot Grass, Egyptian Grass	Beach dunes, coastal strands, and other coastal areas, lawns, roadsides, disturbed areas.	Native of Old World tropics.
Poaceae	Dactyloctenium geminatum	Double Combgrass	Waif on ore piles.	Native of e. sub-Saharan Africa.
Poaceae	Dactyloctenium radulans	Buttongrass	Waste areas at wool-combing mills, presumably only a waif.	Native of Australia. Collected repeatedly from 1957-1960 at the Santee Wool Combing Mill, Jamestown, Berkeley County, SC.
Poaceae	Danthonia	Oat-grass
Poaceae	Danthonia compressa	Mountain Oat-grass, Allegheny Flyback	Grassy balds, thin soils around rock outcrops, woodlands.	NS, QC and ON south to SC, GA, and AL.
Poaceae	Danthonia epilis	Bog Oat-grass	Peaty bogs in the Coastal Plain and Mountains, seeps around rock outcrops in the Piedmont and Mountains, granitic domes.	The range is apparently bogs in pinelands from NJ to SC, in mountain bogs and on granitic domes in NC, SC, and GA, in seepage in the Cumberland Plateau and Blue Ridge of TN and AL.
Poaceae	Danthonia sericea	Silky Oat-grass, Downy Danthonia	Dry woodlands, especially common in sandy soils in the Coastal Plain, dry oak, oak-pine, and pine forests in the Piedmont and low Mountains, and on dry acidic cliffs and rock outcrops, roadsides and woodland margins.	Primarily a Coastal Plain species northward, ranging from e. MA south to FL and west to LA. Reported for WV by Vanderhorst et al. (2013).
Poaceae	Danthonia spicata	Poverty Oat-grass, Moonshine Grass, 'Curly Dan'	Dry woodlands, rock outcrops, shale barrens.	NL (Newfoundland) and BC south to FL and NM.
Poaceae	Dasypyrum
Poaceae	Dasypyrum villosum	Mosquito Grass	Disturbed areas, apparently a waif on ship's ballast.	Native of w. Asia.
Poaceae	Dendrocalamus	Giant Bamboo
Poaceae	Dendrocalamus latiflorus	Giant Bamboo		Native of e. Asia. Reported for Dare County, NC (Kartesz 2022).
Poaceae	Deschampsia	Hairgrass
Poaceae	Deschampsia bolanderi	Scribner's Grass	Disturbed areas.	Native of w. North America. The collection was made in March 2005 from Dauphin Island at Shell Mound Park, a Native American shell midden community; plants may have been introduced as a contaminant in birdseed (H. Horne, pers. comm., 2017).
Poaceae	Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. glauca	Tufted Hairgrass	Thin soil of rock outcrops or barrens over calcareous, mafic, and ultramafic rocks (such as serpentine, amphibolite, limestone, and dolostone), seepages.	NL to YT, south to NJ, PA, VA, w. NC, OH, IL, MN, AZ, and CA. D. cespitosa is a complex species, with a complicated polyploid and aneuploid series, variously subdivided (or not) by various taxonomists. As a whole, D. cespitosa is circumboreal, ranging south in North America to NJ, sw. NC, WV, c. KY, IL, MN, and AZ. Ssp. glauca is the most widespread American subspecies, and extends the farthest south. Other subspecies occur farther north and in Eurasia.
Poaceae	Deschampsia elongata	Slender Hairgrass	Waste areas near wool-combing mills, presumably only a waif.	Native of w. North America south to s. Mexico.
Poaceae	Diarrhena	Beakgrain, Twingrass

show next »