| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polygonaceae | Acetosa | Sorrel, Sour Dock |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Polygonaceae | Acetosa acetosella | Red Dock, Sheep Sorrel, Sourgrass, Field Sorrel | Pastures, fields, roadsides, rock outcrops, grassy balds, gardens. | Native of Eurasia. Variation in Acetosa acetosella has been studied in considerable detail in Eurasia, and a number of infrataxa named; the application of these to North American material is unclear at this time. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Acetosa bucephalophora | Horned Dock, Red Dock, Ruby Dock | Ballast, other disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe, Africa, and w. Asia. | |
| Polygonaceae | Acetosa hastatula | Wild Dock, Heartwing Dock | Glades, barrens, xeric sands; eastwards in fields (especially sandy fields or dunes in the Coastal Plain), roadsides, disturbed areas. | E. MA, NY, IN, IL, MO, and KS, south to c. peninsular FL, TX, and NM. The eastern part of the distribution seems to be strictly or mostly in altered habitats, suggesting the possibility that the eastern extent (east of the Mississippi River) of the distribution is adventive. | (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Acetosa pratensis | Garden Sorrel, Green Sorrel | Gardens, disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia, introduced and weakly naturalized as a weed at least far south as se. PA (Rhoads & Block 2007) and s. NJ (Kartesz 2010). |  (c) mfeaver - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Antigonon | Love-chain, Coralvine, Corallita |  (c) Bradley, Keith | ||
| Polygonaceae | Antigonon leptopus | Love-chain, Queen's-jewels, Confederate-vine, Corallita, Corallina, Coralvine, Tallahassee-vine, Rosa de Montana, Coamecatl | Cultivated and persisting; commonly cultivated, rarely persisting or escaping. | Native of tropical America. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Polygonaceae | Brunnichia | Buckwheat-vine |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | ||
| Polygonaceae | Brunnichia ovata | Buckwheat-vine, Eardrop-vine, Ladies'-eardrops, Redvine | Floodplain forests, swamp forests. | Ne. SC south to n. FL, west to e. TX, and north in the interior to w. TN, w. KY, s. IL, and se. MO. Introduced in se. VA. |  (c) Ogle, Jennifer - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Coccoloba | Pigeon-plum, Sea-grape |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Coccoloba diversifolia | Pigeon-plum, Tie-tongue | Maritime hammocks, rockland hammocks, coastal berms, shell mounds. | S. and c. peninsular FL; West Indies; Mexico (CHP, OAX, QOO, SLP, VER, YUC), Central America, and South America. |  (c) Horn, Jay |
| Polygonaceae | Coccoloba uvifera | Sea-grape, Uva de Playa | Dunes, sandy shores, coastal hammocks, beach strands. | C. and s. peninsular FL; s. MS (where uncertainly native); West Indies, s. TX (where possibly only naturalized), Mexico (CAM, OAX, ROO, SIN, TAB, TAM, VER, YUC) south through Central America and South America. | (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Polygonaceae | Emex | Emex, Devil’s-thorn, Cape Spinach |  (c) Basden, Millie - CC-BY | ||
| Polygonaceae | Emex spinosa | Emex | Disturbed areas, not recently collected and perhaps only a waif. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. | (c) Basden, Millie - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum | Wild-buckwheat |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum alatum var. glabriusculum | Winged Wild-buckwheat | Prairies, rocky hillsides, grasslands. | C. and w. OK, Panhandle TX, and ec. NM. | |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum allenii | Shale-barren Wild-buckwheat | Open and sunny situations in shale barrens (and rarely sandstone). | Endemic to shale barrens of w. VA and e. WV. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum annuum | Annual Wild-buckwheat | Disturbed areas. | ND and MT south to sw. AR, TX, NM, and n. Mexico (CHH). |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum floridanum | Scrub Wild-buckwheat | Florida scrub, longleaf pine sandhills. | N. peninsular FL (Marion and Putnam counties) south to c. peninsular FL at the southern end of the Lake Wales Ridge (Highlands county). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum greggii | Gregg's Wild-buckwheat | In sparse grasslands and low shrublands on shallow sandy soils over caliche (Carr 2016). | S. TX (Hidalgo and Starr counties) and ne. Mexico (COA, NLE). | |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum harperi | Harper's Wild-buckwheat | Limestone glades and barrens. | Endemic of sc. KY, nc. TN, and n. AL. |  (c) Finzel, Brian - CC-BY-SA |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum longifolium | Longleaf Wild-Buckwheat | Calcareous and acidic glades, Coastal Plain sand barrens, calcareous glades (eastern Ozarks), sandy and clayey woodlands. | S. MO and KS south to w. LA, TX, and se. NM. |  (c) Campos, Aidan |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum multiflorum | Heart-sepal Wild-buckwheat, Many-flower Wild-buckwheat | Sandy soils. | Sw. AR and OK south to w. LA and TX. |  (c) Hill, Sonnia |
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum riograndis | Rio Grande Wild-buckwheat | S. TX. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Eriogonum tomentosum | Sandhill Wild-buckwheat, Southern Wild-buckwheat, Dog-tongue | Longleaf pine sandhills, usually in white sand, primarily in the fall-line Sandhills and on riverine dunes in the middle and upper Coastal Plain. | S. NC (at least formerly) south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. AL. There seems no reason to doubt the label data of an 1890's Biltmore Herbarium collection from Bladen County, NC (Pittillo, Horton, & Herman 1972), as E. tomentosum is fairly common not far away in SC; the species has apparently not been seen in NC since. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Polygonaceae | Fagopyrum | Buckwheat |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Fagopyrum esculentum | Buckwheat | Fields, disturbed areas, railroad rights-of-way, escaped from cultivation. | Native of Eurasia. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Fagopyrum tataricum | Tartarian Buckwheat, India-wheat | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. | |
| Polygonaceae | Fallopia | Climbing Buckwheat |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Fallopia baldschuanica | Silver-lace-vine, China Fleece-vine | Disturbed areas, roadsides. | Native of Asia. |  (c) Wang, Zihao - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Fallopia convolvulus | Bindweed, Climbing Buckwheat, Black Bindweed, Nimble-will | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Dishman, Layla |
| Polygonaceae | Fallopia dumetorum | Disturbed areas, thickets. | Native of Eurasia. Introduced at least as far south as scattered locations in c. and se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993; Rhoads & Block 2007), WV, KY, and TN. NS and MI south to FL and TX (FNA). |  (c) Kacl, Pavel - CC-BY | |
| Polygonaceae | Fallopia scandens | Common Climbing Buckwheat | Moist to wet open habitats. | NS, ON and MB, south to c. peninsular FL and se. TX. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Koenigia | ||||
| Polygonaceae | Koenigia polystachya | Himalayan Knotweed, Kashmir Plume | Persistent and spreading from plantings. | Native of Himalayan Asia. |  (c) O'Leary, Anthony - CC0 |
| Polygonaceae | Muehlenbeckia |  (c) Weakley, Alan - CC0 | |||
| Polygonaceae | Muehlenbeckia axillaris | Creeping Wirevine, Sprawling Wirevine, Matted Lignum | Planted horticulturally, rarely escaping and spreading aggressively. | Native of sw. Australia and New Zealand. | (c) Weakley, Alan - CC0 |
| Polygonaceae | Parogonum |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | |||
| Polygonaceae | Parogonum ciliinode | Fringed Climbing Buckwheat, Fringed Black Bindweed | Around rock outcrops, in openings, glades, and open woodlands at high elevations. | NL (Newfoundland) west to SK, south to PA, w. NC, n. GA, e. TN, IN, IL, and MN. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria | Smartweed, Tearthumb, Jumpseed |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea | Water Smartweed | Marshes, wet disturbed areas. | NL (Newfoundland), NU, and AK south to NJ, DE, PA, CA, and Mexico. |  (c) Graeff, Alex - CC-BY-NC-ND, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria arifolia | Halberd-leaf Tearthumb | Marshes, wet thickets. | NS west to MN. south to se. GA, ne. FL (Slaughter 2014; Franck et al. 2016), w. NC, and w. TN. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria bicornis | Pink Smartweed | Moist disturbed areas, ditches. | IL, IA, SD, and WY south to LA, TX, and NM. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria capitata | Pink-head Knotweed | Disturbed blackland prairies, other disturbed areas. | Native of s. Asia. See Singhurst, Mink, & Holmes (2013) for additional information about the naturalization of this species in TX. Reported for Orleans Parish, LA. Reported for Montgomery County, AL (Diamond & Keener 2021). | |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria careyi | Carey's Knotweed | Moist soils, disturbed areas. | NB west to ON and MN, south to VA, KY, IL, seemingly widely scattered. Reported for sc. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993; Rhoads & Block 2007), DE, NJ, and MD (Kartesz 1999). |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria chinensis | Chinese Knotweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of Asia. Introduced in MD and NJ. |  (c) Lin, Yung-Lun - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria coccinea | Red-careless | Shores, streams, sluggish water. | Throughout North America. |  (c) Graeff, Alex - CC-BY-NC-ND, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria densiflora | Dense-flower Smartweed | Swamp forests. | The Persicaria glabra complex is widespread in the Neotropics, in North America north to s. NJ, VA, KY, MO, and TX. The distribution of Persicaria densiflora is unclear. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria extremiorientalis | East Asian Smartweed | Disturbed areas, roadsides, roadsides. | Native of Japan, China, Korea, and Sakhalin. Reported for Horry County, SC (Bradley et al. [in prep.]). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria filiformis | Japanese Jumpseed | Suburban woodlands, escaping from horticultural use. | Native of e. Asia. Reported as naturalizing in Baltimore County, MD, and Arlington County, VA (Simmons et al. 2020), but probably more widespread than currently mapped. |  (c) DN., R. - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria hirsuta | Hairy Smartweed | Pondcypress savannas, depression ponds in pinelands. | Se. NC south to c. peninsular FL, west to s. MS. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria hydropiper | Common Smartweed, Waterpepper, Marshpepper Smartweed | Wet pastures, barnyards, ditches. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria hydropiperoides | Waterpepper | Swamp forests, streams, ditches. | NS, ON, and AK, south to FL, TX, and CA, and into the New World tropics. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria lapathifolia | Willow-weed, Dockleaf Smartweed, Pale Smartweed | Bottomlands, bottomland fields, disturbed areas. | Nearly cosmopolitan in current distribution, the original distributions hard to interpret, sometimes regarded as having both native and introduced elements in North America. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria longiseta | Longbristle Smartweed, Bristly Lady’s-thumb, Creeping Smartweed | Disturbed areas, lawns, ditches. | Native of Asia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria maculosa | Lady’s-thumb, Heart’s-ease | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria meisneriana var. beyrichiana | Mexican Tearthumb | Wet savannas, blackwater river floodplains, ditches; sometimes considered only introduced in southeastern North America, but probably native. | E. SC south to FL, west to LA; Mexico (CHP, VER) and Central America south to n. South America; Brazil; se. Africa. Reported for Mobile County, AL (Barger et al. 2023). |  (c) Ungberg, Eric - C, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria minor | Small Water-pepper | Disturbed moist areas, marshes. | Native of Europe. Reported for Camden County, NJ by Schmidt (2023). |  (c) Самарин, Евгений - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria nepalensis | Nepalese Smartweed | River banks, shores, other moist disturbed areas. Sometimes grown as a groundcover. | Native of e. Asia. |  (c) Wrens, Sequoia Janirella - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria orientalis | Kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, Prince’s-feather, Prince’s-plume, Princess-feather | Barnyards, disturbed areas, garden edges. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Conboy, Andrew - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria pensylvanica | Pinkweed, Common Smartweed, Pennsylvania Smartweed | Disturbed areas, bottomlands. | NL (Newfoundland), ON, MT, and CA, south to FL, TX, AZ, and to c. Mexico; disjunct (perhaps only introduced?) in AK, Ecuador, Europe. |  (c) Ware, Richard & Teresa - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria perfoliata | Mile-a-minute-vine, Asiatic Tearthumb, Devil's-tail Tearthumb | Roadsides, banks, powerline rights-of-way. | Native of e. Asia. Introduced and spreading rapidly in n. VA, MD, PA, DC, and WV. Adler (1999) reports it as occurring in PA, MD, VA, WV, DE, OH, NJ, and DC. Poindexter (2010a) reports its discovery at three separate locations in Alleghany County, NC. |  (c) Bradford, Ashley |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria posumbu | Asian Lady's-thumb, Creeping Himalayan Smartweed | Floodplains, other moist shaded forests. | Native of e. Asia. |  (c) Lin, Yung-Lun - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria punctata | Dotted Smartweed | Swamp forests, bottomlands, marshes. | NS, ON, and BC south to FL, TX, and CA, south into the New World tropics. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria robustior | Water Smartweed | Peaty shores or semi-aquatic in water. | NS, QC, MI, MO, south irregularly to s. FL and TX, and south into tropical America. Probably under-represented as to states of occurrence because of frequent synonymization. |  (c) Atha, Daniel - CC0 |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria sagittata | Arrowleaf Tearthumb, Arrowvine, Scratch-grass | Marshes, bogs, beaver impoundments, wet thickets. | NL (Newfoundland) west to MB, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX; China, Manchuria, India, Siberia, Korea, and Japan. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria setacea | Swamp Smartweed | Swamp forests, bottomland forests. | MA, MI, MO, and OK south to s. FL and TX. Discovered in Ripley County, IN (S. Namestnik, pers.comm. 2022). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria virginiana | Jumpseed, Virginia Knotweed | Floodplains, other moist forests. | NH, QC, MN, and NE, south to n. peninsular FL and TX; disjunct in c. Mexico (PUE, VER). |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonaceae | Smartweed Family |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella | Jointweed |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella americana | Southern Jointweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry woodlands, glades, and barrens with sandy or rocky soil. | Sc. NC south to c. TX, north in the interior to ec. TN, se. MO, and AR; disjunct in Panhandle TX and NM. |  (c) Smith, Jake - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella articulata | Northern Wireweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, dunes, and other dry, sandy habitats. | ME and s. QC west to MN, south on the Coastal Plain to VA and ne. NC, otherwise south to se. PA, NY, s. ON, MI, n. IN, n. IL, and e. IA; the record cited for GA in Jones & Coile (1988) is a misidentification. | (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella basiramia | Florida Jointweed, Tufted Wireweed | Florida scrub. Naturally occurring in white sand gaps of rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides) scrub, but often also occurring abundantly along adjacent firelanes and artificial sand openings. | Endemic to c. FL (Polk and Highlands counties). |  © Scott Ward |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella brachystachya | Florida October-flower | Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub. | Endemic to c. and s. peninsular FL. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella ciliata | Hairy Jointweed | Longleaf pine sandhills and Florida scrub. | Endemic to c. and s. FL peninsula. |  (c) Ward, Scott G |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella croomii | Carolina October-flower | Longleaf pine sandhills, primarily in the fall-line Sandhills and middle Coastal Plain. | Se. and sc. NC south to SC and GA. |  © Bruce Sorrie |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella fimbriata | Sandhill Jointweed | Longleaf pine sandhills. | E. GA (not far from SC) and se. AL south to Panhandle FL. |  (c) Bridges, Edwin |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella gracilis | Wireweed | Longleaf pine sandhills. | Sc. NC south to s. FL, west to s. MS, perhaps adventive toward the northern part of the range. |  (c) Griffith, Floyd A. |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella macrophylla | Largeleaf Wireweed | Sand pine scrub, coastal dunes. | S. AL and Panhandle FL. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella myriophylla | Woody Wireweed, Sandlace, Small’s Jointweed | White and yellow-sand scrub and xeric sandhills. Also sometimes occurring in scrubby flatwoods and along sandy firelanes adjacent to scrub. | C. FL peninsula, north to Lake and Orange counties. 90% or more of populations occurring on the Lake Wales Ridge. |  (c) Cressler, Alan M. |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella parksii | Carrizo Jointweed | Openings in post oak savannas and woodlands in deep, loose, white sands (especially the Carrizo Formation). | Endemic to e. TX (Atascosa, Bexar, Burleson, Guadalupe, Leon, Milam, Robertson and Wilson counties). |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella polygama | Common October-flower | Longleaf pine sandhills, other dry sandy habitats. | Se. VA south to s. FL, west to se. TX (perhaps absent in GA). P. polygamum occurs in the outer Coastal Plain of VA and NC, extending into the middle Coastal Plain and fall-line Sandhills in SC (Richland, Lexington, and Aiken counties, SC). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonella robusta | Largeflower Jointweed | Longleaf pine sandhills, Florida scrub. | E. FL Panhandle south to c. peninsular FL. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum | Knotweed |  (c) Zharkikh, Andrey - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | ||
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum achoreum | Bottomland forests, marshes, streambanks, also disturbed areas. | NS and NT south to CT, s. IL, MO, KS, CO, UT, NV, and OR. |  (c) Wrens, Sequoia Janirella - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum argyrocoleon | Silver-sheath Knotweed, Persian Knotweed | Disturbed areas, especially saline. | Native of w. Asia. Reported for NC by Burk (1961), with collection at NCU. | (c) Zharkikh, Andrey - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum aviculare ssp. aviculare | Knotweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Radford, Ahles and Bell |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum aviculare ssp. buxiforme | Small's Knotweed | Bottomlands, swamps, marshes, also disturbed areas, roadsides. | NL (Newfoundland), NL (Labrador), NU, and NT, variously reported south to SC, AL, MS, LA, TX, and CA. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum aviculare ssp. depressum | Dooryard Knotweed | Bottomlands, marshes, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum aviculare ssp. neglectum | Needle-leaf Knotweed | Fields, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Documented from scattered locations in s. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993); DE, NJ, and MD (Kartesz 1999); and WV (as P. aviculare ssp. rurivagum) (Costea & Tardif 2003). |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum aviculare ssp. rurivagum | Disturbed areas. | |||
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum douglasii | Douglas’s Knotweed | Disturbed areas. | Native of n. and w. North America, to n. Mexico (BCN, SON). Reported for VA in FNA. |  (c) Durand, Ryan - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum erectum | Erect Knotweed | Bottomland forests, streambanks, disturbed areas, open places. | ME, ON, and AB south to GA, LA, and NM. | |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum glaucum | Seabeach Knotweed, Seaside Knotweed | Ocean beaches, sound-side sandy shores, dune bases. | Along the coast, MA south to ne. FL; also in Panhandle FL and s. AL (perhaps not native on the Gulf Coast). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum patulum | Red Knotgrass | On ballast, presumably just a waif. | Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa. | |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum plebeium | Common Knotweed | Waif at old sea-port. | Native of Europe. | |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum prolificum | Longfruit Knotweed, Bushy Knotweed, Prolific Knotweed | Brackish marshes, disturbed areas. | PE, QC, MB, and BC, south to GA, AL, LA, TX. |  (c) Matt - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum ramosissimum | Brackish marshes and shores; overwash flats, dunes. | NS west to NU and BC, south to GA, LA, TX, CA. Reported for SC (Kartesz 1999). |  (c) Marcum, Paul | |
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum striatulum | Seasonally moist areas in sterile prairies or in seasonal seepage on granite. | Endemic to TX. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Polygonum tenue | Glade Knotweed, Slender Knotweed | Glades, barrens, and thin, rocky soils, over various rock types (including granite, diabase, amphibolite, greenstone, metagabbro, and shale), also in dry sands. | ME, ON, MN, SD, WY, south to GA, AL, MS, LA, TX. |  (c) Weise, Armin |
| Polygonaceae | Reynoutria |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY | |||
| Polygonaceae | Reynoutria ×bohemica | Bohemian Knotweed, Hybrid Japanese Knotweed | Disturbed areas, sandbars. | Native of e. Asia. | |
| Polygonaceae | Reynoutria japonica var. japonica | Japanese Knotweed, Japanese Bamboo, Japanese Buckwheat | Roadsides, disturbed areas, river banks and sandbars, often forming dense thickets. | Native of e. Asia. |  (c) Bradley, Keith |
| Polygonaceae | Reynoutria sachalinensis | Giant Knotweed, Sachaline | Disturbed areas, roadsides. | Native of e. Asia. |  (c) Radford, Ahles and Bell |
| Polygonaceae | Rheum | Rhubarb |  (c) Campbell, Ali - CC-BY | ||
| Polygonaceae | Rheum rhabarbarum | Rhubarb, Pie-plant | Uncommonly cultivated (primarily in gardens in the cooler portions of our area), rarely persistent or escaped. | Native of e. Asia (though introduced from Europe). | (c) Campbell, Ali - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex | Dock |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Rumex altissimus | Pale Dock, Tall Dock, Peachleaf Dock | Bottomlands, swamps, marshes, roadsides, disturbed areas. | ME and MN south to GA, AL, TX, AZ, and n. Mexico (CHH, SLP, SON). |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex britannica | Great Water Dock | Marshes. | NL west to NU, south to s. NJ, PA, KY, IL, IA, NE. The specimen reported for VA as R. orbiculatus Gray (R. britannica of FNA) in Castanea 42:261 (1977) has subsequently been annotated to R. obtusifolius; no valid collections of R. britannica are known for VA. |  (c) Danielson, Erik |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex brownii | Brown's Dock | Lawns, disturbed areas, floodplains, wool-combing waif. | Native of Australia. Reported for Baldwin County, AL (H. Horne, pers. comm., Nov 2015). |  (c) Perrie, Leon - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex chrysocarpos | Amamastla Dock | Swamps, disturbed wet areas. | Panhandle FL (where possibly not native?) and se. LA west to TX and ne. Mexico (TAM). Recently discovered in s. AL (Mobile County) (H. Horne, pers. comm., 2018). |  (c) Keith, Eric - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex conglomeratus | Clustered Green Dock | Marshes, disturbed areas, bottomland forests, pastures. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex crispus ssp. crispus | Curly Dock, Yellow Dock | Disturbed areas, pastures, fields. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex cristatus | Greek Dock | Roadsides, railroad margins. | Native of se. Europe. | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex cuneifolius | Disturbed areas, not recently collected and perhaps only a waif. | Native of South America. A rare introduction from South America in AL, FL. | ||
| Polygonaceae | Rumex dentatus | Toothed Dock | Disturbed areas, fields, shores. | Native of Eurasia. | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex fascicularis | Swamps and marshes. | Peninsular FL, and perhaps north to se. NC. |  © NYBG Herbarium staff | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex floridanus | Florida Dock | Swamps and marshes. | NC south to FL, west to LA. Reported for Orangeburg County, SC (S.W. Leonard, pers. comm.). |  (c) Ungberg, Eric - C, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex fueginus | American Golden Dock | Saline marshes, disturbed areas inland. | QC west to AK, south to PA, OH, IN, IL, AR, TX, NM, AZ, CA, and Mexico; s. South America. |  (c) Gunnar, Aaron - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex hymenosepalus | Sand Dock, Wild Rhubarb, Canaigre, Tanner's Dock | Dry sandy areas. | OK, MT, n. NV, and n. CA south to c. and w. TX, NM, AZ, and n. Mexico (BCN, BCS, CHH, COA, SON). | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex longifolius | Yard Dock | Disturbed areas. | Native of Eurasia. | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex maritimus | Golden Dock, Maritime Dock | Ballast and disturbed coastal areas. | Native of Europe. | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex obovatus | Tropical Dock | Maritime shores, riverbanks, pond margins. | Native of South America. |  (c) Powell, Eric M - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex obtusifolius | Bitter Dock | Pastures, barnyards, disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex occidentalis | Western Dock | Disturbed areas. | Native of western North America. | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex paraguayensis | Paraguayan Dock | Moist maritime shores. | Native of South America. |  (c) Wetterer, James K. - CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex patientia | Patience Dock, Monk's-rhubarb | Disturbed areas. | Native of Mediterranean Europe. |  (c) Marcum, Paul |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex persicarioides | Coastal Dock | Coastal and saline habitats, marshes and shores. | Bicoastal. Long Island NY (historical), n. to MA; disjunct in NL (Newfoundland) and P.E.I. Westward in CA, OR, and BC. |  (c) McCorquodale, David - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex pulcher | Fiddle Dock | Disturbed areas, bottomland fields, bottomland forests. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Fleming, Gary P. |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex sanguineus | Bloody Dock, Red-veined Dock, Bloody Sorrel, Wood Dock | Disturbed areas. | Native of Europe. Introduced at least as far south as se. PA (Rhoads & Klein 1993), MD, NJ, and AL (Kartesz 1999), perhaps only as a waif. Reported for AL, MS, LA, and VA by Small (1933). |  (c) Rostron, Carter - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex spiralis | Texas Tall Dock | Sandy and gravelly shores, usually in moist, calcareous, clayey soils. | Endemic to TX. | |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex stenophyllus | Narrowleaf Dock | Disturbed areas, wool-combing mill waste. | Native of Eurasia. |  (c) Bochkov, Dmitriy - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex triangulivalvis | Willowleaf Dock | Streambanks, ponds, marshes, sloughs, also disturbed areas. | Throughout North America, south to WV, DE, PA, KY, western states, and n. Mexico (CHH, SLP). |  (c) Wolkenberg, Sandy - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex venosus | Veiny Dock, Wild Begonia, Wild Hydrangea, Sour Greens | Sandy dunes. | WI, MB, SK, AB, WA south to IA, se. OK, n. TX, n. NM, n. AZ, NV, and CA. |  (c) Berger, Matt - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex verticillatus | Swamp Dock | Tidal freshwater marshes and swamps, but also inland in disturbed areas. | QC, ON, MN, and SD, south to s. FL and se. and c. TX. |  (c) Sorrie, Bruce A. - CC-BY |
| Polygonaceae | Rumex violascens | Violet Dock | Wet areas in bottomlands. | W. TX (Trans-Pecos), s. NM, AZ, and CA south into n. Mexico (BCN, BCS, CHH, COA, SON). | |
| Polygonaceae | Triplaris | ||||
| Polygonaceae | Triplaris melaenodendron | Long John | Disturbed areas. | Native of tropical America. |  (c) Hernández, Alexis López - CC-BY |