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Helenium flexuosum Rafinesque. Southern Sneezeweed. Phen: May-Aug. Hab: Moist pastures, moist forests, riverbanks, wet pine rocklands (in s. FL). Dist: S. ME west to MN, south to c. peninsular FL and TX; disjunct in s. FL.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Rayless plants of s. FL likely warrant taxonomic recognition.

Synonymy : = C, Fl7, FNA21, G, GrPl, GW2, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Oh3, Pa, RAB, SE1, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV, Bierner (1972); > Helenium floridanum Fernald – Fernald (1943); > Helenium godfreyi Fernald – Fernald (1943); > Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. – F, S, Tat, Fernald (1943); > Helenium polyphyllum Small – S

Links to other floras: = Helenium flexuosum - FNA21

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACW
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC
  • Great Plains: FACW
  • Midwest: FAC
  • Northcentral & Northeast: FAC

Heliophily : 8

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image of plant© Gary P. Fleming | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Grant Morrow Parkins | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Gary P. Fleming | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Alan Cressler: Helenium flexuosum, Union County, Georgia 1 by Alan Cressler source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Keith Bradley | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Keith Bradley | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

NCBG trait

Intro: Erect perennial of moist forests, moist pastures and river banks.

Stems: Stems wing-angled, with stiffly ascending, leafy branches above; rough-hairy.

Leaves: Leaves alternate, sessile (basal leaves petiolate), narrowly lance-shaped to oval, to 6 in. long (reduced upward), wavy-margined, smooth or velvety-furry.

Inforescence:

Flowers: Composite flowers (heads) at ends of branches; 1 1/2-2 in. wide; consisting of 8-15 yellow, drooping, narrowly wedge-shaped and 3-toothed ray florets encircling a maroon-brown, ball-shaped central disk (about 1/2 in. tall) composed of many tubular florets.

Fruits:

Comments:

Height: 1-3 ft.

plant sale text: This handsome SE native produces multibranched stems of bright yellow flowers, each with a prominent dark purplish center. While this plant does not cause hay fever symptoms, it is also known as sneezeweed because it blooms at the same time as ragweed. Often found growing around the edges of ponds and on streambanks, it also does well in average soil conditions. This perennial is deer resistant and makes a wonderful cut flower. This species is being studied for its anticancer properties.

bloom table text:

description: Erect perennial of moist forests, moist pastures and river banks.

stems: Stems wing-angled, with stiffly ascending, leafy branches above; rough-hairy.

leaves: Leaves alternate, sessile (basal leaves petiolate), narrowly lance-shaped to oval, to 6 in. long (reduced upward), wavy-margined, smooth or velvety-furry.

inflorescence:

flowers: Composite flowers (heads) at ends of branches; 1 1/2-2 in. wide; consisting of 8-15 yellow, drooping, narrowly wedge-shaped and 3-toothed ray florets encircling a maroon-brown, ball-shaped central disk (about 1/2 in. tall) composed of many tubular florets.

fruits:

comments:

cultural notes:

germination code:

native range: eastern United States