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Lindera benzoin (Linnaeus) Blume. Northern Spicebush, Benzoin, Benjamin-bush. Phen: Mar-Apr; Aug-Sep. Hab: Rich alluvial forests, mesic forests on slopes with circumneutral soils, bottomlands, swamps. Dist: ME, s. ON, and MI, south to Panhandle FL and e. TX; disjunct in Edwards Plateau of c. TX.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Some floristic treatments recognize two varieties based on whether the leaves and young twigs are pubescent (var. pubescens) or not (var. benzoin) but the varieties so recognized overlap broadly in distribution; it seems best to regard this as mere variation within the species.

Other Comments: Where occurring on upland slopes, L. benzoin is an excellent indicator of base-rich soils, generally derived from calcareous sedimentary rocks or mafic metamorphic or igneous rocks.

Synonymy : = Ar, Fl2, FNA3, GrPl, GW2, K3, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV, Wofford (1983); = Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees – S, S13; = Benzoin benzoin (L.) Coult.; > Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. benzoin – AqW, C, F, G, Il, K1; > Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. pubescens (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Rehder – C, F, G, Il, K1, NcTx, Tx

Links to other floras: = Lindera benzoin - FNA3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACW
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC
  • Great Plains: FACW
  • Midwest: FACW
  • Northcentral & Northeast: FACW

Heliophily : 3

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image of plant© Bruce A. Sorrie | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Keith Bradley | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© margaretcurtin, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC) source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© abelkinser, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC) source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Scott Ward source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Sequoia Janirella Wrens, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Sequoia Janirella Wrens source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Shaun Pogacnik, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Shaun Pogacnik source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© margaretcurtin, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC) source CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Scott Ward source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Scott Ward source CC-BY | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Collectors SOS | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Grant Morrow Parkins | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Grant Morrow Parkins | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Collectors SOS | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

NCBG trait

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Height: 6-9 ft.

plant sale text: Smooth northern spicebush is a welcome harbinger of spring, featuring axillary clusters of tiny yellow flowers before the leaves appear. Female plants produce red fruits in the autumn. All parts of the plant have a lemon scent when broken, hence its common name of spicebush. Rarely offered for sale, though it is easy to grow in average to moist soil. Host plant for spicebush butterflies and supports up to 9 species of lepidoptera. Used medicinally by several tribes. Its red berries are important food for birds during fall migration.

bloom table text: Smooth northern spicebush is a welcome harbinger of spring, featuring axillary clusters of tiny yellow flowers before the leaves appear. Female plants produce red fruits in the autumn. All parts of the plant have a lemon scent when broken, hence its common name of spicebush. Rarely offered for sale, though it is easy to grow in average to moist soil. Host plant for spicebush butterflies and supports up to 9 species of lepidoptera. Used medicinally by several tribes. Its red berries are important food for birds during fall migration.

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native range: eastern North America