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1 Leaflets linear, < 1.5 mm wide. |
..2 Flowers bilaterally symmetrical; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Delphineae] |
..2 Flowers radially symmetrical. |
....3 Aquatic; [native]; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Ranunculeae] |
....3 Terrestrial; [exotic]. |
......4 Flower closely subtended by a finely dissected involucre; pistils compound; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Nigelleae] |
......4 Flower lacking involucre; pistils simple. |
........5 Petals 8-15 mm long, red, purple, or orange; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Adonideae] |
........5 Petals 3-5 mm long, yellow; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Ranunculeae] |
1 Leaflets broader, rounded, lobed, or toothed. |
..........6 Leaves all cauline, opposite; stems somewhat woody at base; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Anemoneae] |
..........6 Leaves basal and cauline, the cauline alternate (or with opposite or whorled involucral bracts). |
............ 7 Petals present, conspicuous |
............ ..8 Flowers dangling; petals red, orange with yellow, or blue, spurred; [subfamily Thalictroideae] |
............ ..8 Flowers not dangling; petals yellow, not spurred; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Ranunculeae] |
............ 7 Petals absent or inconspicuous (soon deciduous or altered into a nectary-bearing clavate structure); sepals sometimes petaloid and conspicuous. |
............ ....9 Sepals petaloid, conspicuous, white (or cream, rose, pink, or tinged with green). |
............ ......10 Involucre absent, all leaves on the stem alternate; petaloid sepals 5, white; [subfamily Thalictroideae] |
............ ......10 Involucre of opposite or whorled, leaflike bracts present; petaloid sepals (4-) 5-20 (-30), white, cream, rose, or green. |
............ ........11 Basal leaves with 3-5 leaflets, these toothed or incised; petaloid sepals white, cream, rose, or green; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Anemoneae] |
............ ........11 Basal leaves with > 5 leaflets; these with 0-3 rounded lobes at the tip; petaloid sepals white to pale pink; [subfamily Thalictroideae] |
............ ....9 Sepals absent, or inconspicuous in comparison to the stamens or pistils. |
............ ..........12 Leaflets 3; flower solitary; [subfamily Coptidoideae] |
............ ..........12 Leaflets many; flowers many, in a panicle or raceme. |
............ ............ 13 Inflorescence a raceme; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Cimicifugeae] |
............ ............ 13 Inflorescence a panicle; [subfamily Thalictroideae] |
1 Fruit a follicle or capsular (or fleshy and berrylike in some Actaea). |
..2 Mature leaves > 4 dm wide; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Cimicifugeae] |
..2 Mature leaves < 3 dm wide. |
....3 Leaflets linear; [exotics]. |
......4 Flowers in a raceme, not subtended by an involucre; fruit follicular, each with a 1-2 mm long beak; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Delphineae] |
......4 Flower solitary, subtended by a finely divided involucre; fruit a spherical capsule-like structure composed of 5 or 10 partially connate follicles, each follicle terminated by a linear beak 13-20 mm long; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Nigelleae] |
....3 Leaflets broad, rounded; [mostly natives]. |
........5 Follicles borne on stipes, forming an umbel-like cluster; rhizomes yellow or orange; [subfamily Coptidoideae] |
........5 Follicles sessile; rhizomes brown or tan; [subfamily Thalictroideae]. |
..........6 Follicles 15-31 mm long, with beaks 7-18 mm long |
..........6 Follicles 3.5-6.5 mm long, with beaks 1.5-3 mm long |
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............ 7 Leaves divided into numerous linear segments, all of which are < 1 mm wide. |
............ ..8 Plant aquatic (if leaves divided into numerous linear segments); [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Ranunculeae] |
............ ..8 Plant terrestrial. |
............ ....9 Achenes 3-5 mm long, glabrous, with a persistent beak 0.5-1 mm long; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Adonideae] |
............ ....9 Achenes 1.6-2 mm long, tomentose, with a persistent beak 3.5-4.5 mm long; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Ranunculeae] |
............ 7 Leaf segments rounded or cleft, > 1 mm wide. |
............ ......10 Leaves cauline, opposite; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Anemoneae] |
............ ......10 Leaves basal and/or cauline, cauline leaves (if present) alternate (leaflike involucral bracts sometimes present and opposite or whorled). |
............ ........11 Leaflike involucral bracts present, opposite or whorled. |
............ ..........12 Achenes not ribbed or veined on lateral surfaces; leaf texture moderate to distinctly thick and leathery; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Anemoneae] |
............ ..........12 Achenes conspicuously ribbed or veined on lateral surfaces; leaf texture thin, delicate; [subfamily Thalictroideae] |
............ ........11 Leaflike involucral bracts not present. |
............ ............ 13 Leaflets 3-many, if many the leaflets typically with teeth, or sharp lobes; [subfamily Ranunculoideae, tribe Ranunculeae] |
............ ............ 13 Leaflets many, unlobed or typically with 3-9 rounded lobes; [subfamily Thalictroideae] |