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Key to Vitaceae

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1 Leaves simple, sometimes shallowly or deeply 3-5 (-7)-lobed.
  2 Tendrils not twining, terminating in adhesive disks; [tribe Parthenocisseae]
  2 Tendrils twining, lacking adhesive disks.
    3 Petals connate at their tips, falling together; pith tan to brown, interrupted by a diaphragm at each node (subg. Vitis) or continuous through the node (subg. Muscadinia); bark adherent (subg. Muscadinia) or exfoliating (subg. Vitis); tendrils bifid or trifid (subg. Vitis) or simple (subg. Muscadinia); [tribe Viteae].
    3 Petals separate at their tips, falling individually; pith white, continuous through the node; bark adherent; tendrils bifid or trifid
      4 Petals 5; stamens 5; upper leaf surfaces glabrous; [tribe Ampelopsideae]
      4 Petals 4; stamens 4; upper leaf surfaces puberulent with upright, whitish-gray hairs; [tribe Cisseae]
1 Leaves compound with either 3-5 (-7) or numerous leaflets.
        5 Leaves bipinnate to tripinnate, the leaflets on at least the better-developed leaves > 7; inflorescences axillary; [tribe Ampelopsideae]
        5 Leaves 3-7-foliolate; inflorescences axillary, leaf-opposed, or terminal.
          6 Leaflets sessile; leaflets pinnately lobed; [tribe Ampelopsideae]
          6 Leaflets petiolulate; leaflets toothed or entire.
image of plant
Show caption*© Emily Summerbell, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Emily Summerbell
             7 Leaves pedately 5-foliolate (the lateral 2 leaflets on either side borne on a common stalk, attached to one another above the summit of the petiole); [tribe Cayratieae]
             7 Leaves palmately 3-7-foliolate (the petiolules of all leaflets joined at the summit of the petiole).
               8 Inflorescences leaf-opposed or apparently terminal; leaves 3-7-foliolate; [tribe Parthenocisseae].
               8 Inflorescences axillary or leaf-opposed; leaves 3-foliolate (even the largest and best-developed).
                 9 Leaves fleshy, the blades > 1 mm thick when fresh; inflorescence axillary; [tribe Cayratieae]
                 9 Leaves herbaceous, the blades thin; inflorescence leaf-opposed; [tribe Cisseae]

Key F3: Key to Plantae

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1 Leaves evenly 2-pinnately compound
1 Leaves oddly pinnate-pinnatifid, 2-pinnately compound, or more complexly compound than 2-pinnate.
  2 Leaves pinnate-pinnatifid, with 7-19 leaflets, each leaflet pinnatifid into narrowly lanceolate lobes; {upper leaflet surface dark green, lower surface silvery with gray sericeous pubescence}
  2 Leaves 2-pinnately compound, or even more complexly compound.
    3 Plant a liana, climbing by tendrils
    3 Plant a shrub or tree, not climbing.
      4 Plant armed with prickles on the stem, and sometimes also on the axes and main veins of the leaves
      4 Plant unarmed.
        5 Plant a shrub, < 2.5 m tall.
          6 Foliage green; leaflets ovate, acute at the tip; flowers 3-merous, the tepals white or cream; fruit a red berry
          6 Foliage blue-green; leaflets obovate, rounded or notched at the tip; flowers 4-5-merous, the sepals green, the petals yellow; fruit a capsule
        5 Plant a tree, > 3 m tall when flowering and fruiting.
             7 Leaflets entire
             7 Leaflets serrate.
               8 Fruit a globose drupe, tan at maturity, 10-15 mm in diameter; inflorescence an axillary panicle; corolla lavender
               8 Fruit an inflated capsule, 30-50 mm long; inflorescence a terminal thyrse; corolla yellow