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Key to Lupinus

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1 Leaves unifoliolate; leaves and stems evergreen, overwintering (absent in midsummer); plant conspicuously pubescent.
..2 Banner petal (standard) with a reddish-purple, maroon, or dark purplish-blue central "eyespot", darker than the surrounding part of the banner.
....3 Plants prostrate, branched at or near ground level and the branches decumbent; leaf blades narrowly elliptic, mostly more than 10 cm long and 3-4× as long as wide; pubescence of the stems and leaves long-villous; free portion of stipules evident, usually 30-50 mm long [of se. NC southward to n. FL, west to se. LA]
....3 Plants erect, the main stem erect and usually branched much above ground level forming somewhat woody, suffrutescent to “shrubby” plants; leaf blades elliptic to ovate, mostly 4-9 cm long and from 1.5-2.5× as long as wide; pubescence of the stems and leaves tightly appressed; free portion of stipules absent or rarely present and then < 10 mm long; [of FL Panhandle or peninsula]
......4 Banner petal pale pink with a dark maroon eyespot; leaf blades mostly 5.0-6.5 cm long × 2.5-3.0 cm wide; robust plants averaging 45-60 cm tall; [central peninsular FL, Mount Dora Ridge and Winter Haven Ridge, Orange and Polk counties]
......4 Banner petal light to dark blue with a maroon to purplish-blue eyespot; leaf blades mostly 7.5-9.0 cm long × 3.5-4.5 cm wide; robust plants averaging 60-85 cm tall; 0w. FL peninsula, Franklin County west to Escambia County]
..2 Banner petal (standard) with a white to cream-colored central "eyespot", lighter than the surrounding part of the banner.
........5 Plants erect, the main stem erect and branched much above ground level, forming suffrutescent to somewhat woody "shrubby" plants.
..........6 Leaf blades densely silvery-silky appressed pubescent, the hairs totally obscuring the leaf surface; leaves flat or nearly so, mostly 3.5-4.5 cm wide; leaf blade mostly 1.8-2.1× as long as wide
..........6 Leaf blades moderately appressed pubescent, the hairs not obscuring the green leaf surface; leaves more or less conduplicate, mostly 2.5-3.2 cm wide; leaf blade mostly 2.4-2.9× as long as wide
........5 Plants mat-forming, the main stems prostrate, branched at or near ground level and the branches mostly decumbent, ascending only at their leafy tips.
............ 7 Plants forming relatively small clumps, 25-80 cm in diameter; leaf petioles mostly 6-8 cm long; leaf blade length:width ratio mostly over 3:1, often 4:1; free portion of stipules mostly 10-16 mm long; [of se. NC south to Panhandle FL, west to s. MS]
............ 7 Plants forming relatively large clumps, often 90-130 cm or more in diameter; leaf petioles mostly 3-6 cm long; leaf blade length:width ratio mostly 2:1 to 3:1; free portion of stipules mostly 17-25 mm long; [of FL peninsula]
............ ..8 Plants with dense, short, appressed pubescence, the green surface of the leaves evident; leaf petioles mostly over 5 cm long; mature legumes mostly 2-3 cm long, 6-8 mm wide; [nw. FL peninsula, Brooksville Ridge and Sumter Upland, of Citrus, Sumter, Hernando, and Pasco counties]
............ ..8 Plants with dense, spreading whitish-villous pubescence, the leaf surface mostly obscured; leaf petioles mostly 3-4 cm long; mature legumes mostly 3.5-4.5 cm long, 10-12 mm wide; [wc. FL peninsula, Hillsborough, Manatee, Hardee, Sarasota, and Charlotte counties]
1 Leaves palmately compound; leaves and stems deciduous, dying back in winter; plant inconspicuously pubescent.
............ ....9 Corolla yellow; plant annual; [very rare waif from horticultural use]
............ ....9 Corolla blue, lavender, or pinkish; plant annual or perennial; [native or non-native].
............ ......10 Leaflets 5-9, linear, 5-12× as long as wide; plant annual; [rare waifs from horticultural use].
............ ......10 Leaflets 5-17, oblanceolate, 3-5× as long as wide; plant annual or perennial; [native or non-native].
............ ..........12 Annuals; plants 1.5-4 dm tall; [mainly LA and TX, also sw. AR, s. OK, and introduced in ne. FL]].
............ ............ 13 Wing petals inflated; corollas pale blue-violet; calyx hairs drying dingy yellowish-gray or brown; legumes yellowish grey- or brown-villous
............ ............ 13 Wing petals flat; corollas dark blue (rarely white); calyx hairs silvery; legumes white silky-villous
............ ..........12 Perennials; plants (1-) 2-12 (-15) dm tall.
............ ............ ..14 Perennials from a woody crown, plants solitary; stipules 5-80 mm long; [non-native]
............ ............ ....15 Corollas 11-21 mm long; bracts (subtending flowers) 16-19 mm long
............ ............ ....15 Corollas 9-15 mm long; bracts 7-11 mm long
............ ............ ..14 Perennials from rhizomes, plants patch-forming; stipules 4-12 mm long; [native].
............ ............ ......16 Stem short; leaves clustered, nearly whorled; leaflets narrow, about 4× as long as wide; racemes long exserted; flowers small; [plants of e. GA southward and westward]
............ ............ ......16 Stem elongate; leaves alternate; leaflets broad, about 3× as long as wide; racemes only moderately exserted; flowers large; [plants of n. SC northward]
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